Pain Management and Use of Opioids in Pediatric Oncology in India: A Qualitative Approach

Studies on isolation, characterization of fucoidan from brown algae Turbinaria decurrens and evaluation of it's in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities

In the present study, the anti-nociception and anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan isolated from T. decurrens on formalin induced paw-edema in mice model were investigated. The extracted fucoidan contain 54.86% of total sugar, 23.51% of sulfate and 3.4% of protein. The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that fucoidan encompassed of fucose (59.3%), galactose (12.6%), mannose (9.6%), rhamnose (6.4%) and xylose (11.4%). Further, the structural characterization was done by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and 1HNMR analysis. The fucoidan reduced the licking time thereby suggesting anti-nociceptive effect and decreased the size of paw swelling in the formalin induced inflammatory edema condition. The isolated fucoidan could significantly decreased the MDA and also increase the SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GSH activity in paw edema tissue of formalin injected mice. Furthermore, fucoidan administration retained p65/NF-κB transcription factor in the cytosol thereby showing down regulation of the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, COX-2 and MMP-9 in fucoidan treated mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan was attributed to its capacity on modulating the levels of enzymatic antioxidants, master regulator NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The fucoidan has reduced LPS induced cytotoxicity in IC-21 macrophage at a dose depended on manner.