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Abdelrahman A, Mahmoud AA, Lamie Fanous Y, Abd Elhaliem NG, Elalaf H. Impact of erythropoietin and myoinositol versus metformin on insulin resistance in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:1-12. [PMID: 34297646 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1949023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of erythropoietin (EPO) or myoinositol versus metformin (MET) in improving the reproductive functions and glucose tolerance in a rat model of polycystic ovary (PCOS). Oral letrozole (LTZ) was used for induction of PCOS in wester rats for 21 days, after that, MET, EPO and myoinositol were administered for the following 21 days. The LTZ-induced PCOS rats have lost their oestrous cyclicity and become fixed at the diestrus phase, developed insulin resistance, abnormal sex and gonadotrophin hormone serum levels, increased cystic follicles, decreased number of the growing follicles and very little or no corpora lutea on microscopic examination, which were reversed by the three drugs, MET, EPO and myoinositol. MET and myoinositol were mostly equally effective in improving the reproductive manifestations of the disease. However, EPO was most effective in decreasing the insulin level observed in this LTZ-induced model of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdelrahman
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Aida Abdeen Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hassan Elalaf
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Karimzadeh I, Rasekh H, Karimian A, Shabani-Borujeni M, Vazin A. Drug Utilization Evaluation of Erythropoietin at a Referral Teaching Hospital in Iran. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2023; 2023:6685602. [PMID: 38029231 PMCID: PMC10645503 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6685602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Drug utilization evaluation (DUE) studies aim to survey the appropriateness of drug use. DUE is an executive approach used to improve the use of medications as well as reduce the cost of treatment, ensure drug adequacy, and improve patient safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of erythropoietin use, according to standard guidelines, in patients admitted to Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Methods In this descriptive, retrospective study, 230 patients were assessed. All patients who were hospitalized in different wards of Namazi Hospital, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and received at least three doses of erythropoietin from September 2019 to March 2020 participated in this study. The following standard indicators of erythropoietin use were evaluated through reviewing medical charts of the cohort: drug dose, dosing intervals, route of administration, indication, monitoring of laboratory parameters, drug dose adjustment based on the response rate as well as target hemoglobin ≥12 g/dl, attention to major drug interactions, and administration of injectable or oral iron supplementation during treatment. Results Most (65.2%) of the participants were male. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 47.55 ± 22.71 years. More than half (51.3%) of the included subjects were hospitalized in the nephrology ward. PDpoetin® and Cinnapoietin® were given to 52.6% and 47.4% of the study participants, respectively. Treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease was the most frequent indication of erythropoietin. The time interval of erythropoietin administration was three times a week for 68.3% of the patients. The most frequently administered weekly dose of erythropoietin was 12,000 units. The weekly dose, dose interval, and route of administration of erythropoietin were appropriate in 52.6%, 77.4%, and 100% of the patients, respectively. Dose adjustment based on the response rate, attention to major drug interactions as well as absolute-relative contraindications, and attention to the target hemoglobin ≥12 g/dl to decide whether or not to continue treatment were based on standard guideline in 98.1%, 98.7%, and 93% of the patients, respectively. The sum indexes of erythropoietin use were in line with standard guidelines in 75.84% of the cases. Conclusion According to our results, in the setting of erythropoietin use in hospitals, physicians need more attention and education in areas such as selecting the proper dose of medication, correct indication of the drug, temporal arrangement of monitoring laboratory items, and the patient's need for iron supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Rasekh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ava Karimian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shabani-Borujeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Vazin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Totonchi Z, Noohi F, Futuhi F, Azarfarin R, Radbin P. Effects of recombinant erythropoietin on hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion needs in patients with preoperative anemia undergoing cardiac surgery. Ann Card Anaesth 2022; 25:466-471. [PMID: 36254912 PMCID: PMC9732958 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_42_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preoperative anemia is an important and relatively common problem in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and its treatment is crucial in improving postoperative outcomes. The use of recombinant erythropoietin is one of the suggested methods in this field. Therefore, in the present study, we sought to evaluate the effects of recombinant erythropoietin on hemoglobin (Hb) levels and blood transfusion needs in cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative anemia. METHODS This randomized nonblind clinical trial was performed on patients with mild-to-moderate anemia (Hb <12 g/dL in men and Hb <11 g/dL in women) undergoing cardiac surgery at a referral heart hospital (Tehran, Iran). The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 33 patients. In the intervention group, recombinant erythropoietin was administered at a dose of 500 IU/kg one to three days before surgery. Intra- and postoperative Hb levels and the need for blood transfusion were recorded during surgery and for 3 days afterward. RESULTS The use of packed red blood cells in the operating room was similar in the intervention and control groups (P = 0.156), but it was significantly lower in the intensive care unit in the intervention group (P = 0.030). The mean Hb, which was initially identical in the two groups (P > 0.05), showed a significantly lower decrease in the intervention group (P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed concerning other variables. CONCLUSIONS The use of recombinant erythropoietin (500 IU/kg/day) one to three days before cardiac surgery in our anemic patients blunted a reduction in Hb levels and decreased blood transfusion needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziae Totonchi
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Feridoun Noohi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Futuhi
- Department of Nephrology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Azarfarin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Oncology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Radbin
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sonoda S, Yamaza T. A New Target of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cell-Based Therapy on Recipient Bone Marrow Niche in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073479. [PMID: 35408840 PMCID: PMC8998830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) research have led us to consider the feasibility of MSC-based therapy for various diseases. Human dental pulp-derived MSCs (hDPSCs) have been identified in the dental pulp tissue of deciduous and permanent teeth, and they exhibit properties with self-renewal and in vitro multipotency. Interestingly, hDPSCs exhibit superior immunosuppressive functions toward immune cells, especially T lymphocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, hDPSCs have been shown to have potent immunomodulatory functions in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the SLE MRL/lpr mouse model. However, the mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive efficacy of hDPSCs remain unknown. This review aims to introduce a new target of hDPSC-based therapy on the recipient niche function in SLE.
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Li M, Cai B, Mauldin P, Lu ZK. Medical costs and associated racial/ethnic and sex disparities in erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use: anemia management under the Medicare reimbursement policy. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2021; 27:1142-1152. [PMID: 34337992 PMCID: PMC10391219 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2021.27.8.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Before 2007, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) were the highest-expenditure drug in the Medicare system. In 2007, CMS issued a reimbursement policy change for ESAs used by cancer patients. However, empirical evidence is currently lacking to evaluate medical costs after the policy change, especially by sex and racial/ethnic groups. OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of the Medicare reimbursement policy change and associated racial/ethnic and sex disparities on medical costs for cancer patients who were new users of ESAs. METHODS: This study was an exploratory retrospective treatment effectiveness study, which used SEER-Medicare linked data. A difference-in-difference design was used that incorporated a control group of patients with chronic kidney disease. A generalized linear model, with a log link and a gamma distribution, was used to examine medical costs. RESULTS: The Medicare reimbursement policy change was statistically significantly associated with an 11% (95% CI = 2%-20%) reduction in anemia-related costs, including a 10% (95% CI = 1%-19%) reduction in Medicare payment and an 18% (95% CI = 10%-26%) reduction in patient cost sharing. For total medical costs, the policy change was statistically significantly associated with a 12% (95% CI = 6%-18%) reduction, including an 11% (95% CI = 5%-18%) reduction in Medicare payment and a 14% (95% CI = 7%-20%) reduction in patient cost sharing. Medical costs were reduced in patients who were male and those who were White but remained the same for patients who were female and those who were Black, Hispanic, and other races or ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia-related and total medical costs associated with ESAs used by cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia were reduced after the Medicare reimbursement policy change. However, the policy change was only effective for patients who were male and those who were White. The policy change had no effect on patients who were female and those of racial/ethnic minorities. DISCLOSURES: This study was funded by the SPARC Research Grant. The funder had no role in any part of this study. This study used the linked SEER-Medicare database. The interpretation and reporting of the data are the sole responsibility of the authors. The authors have nothing to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Patrick Mauldin
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Z Kevin Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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Abstract
Despite increasing use of targeted therapies to treat cancer, anemia remains a common complication of cancer therapy. Physician concerns about the safety of intravenous (IV) iron products and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have resulted in many patients with cancer receiving no or suboptimal anemia therapy. In this article, we present 4 patient cases that illustrate both common and complex clinical scenarios. We first present a review of erythropoiesis and then describe our approach to cancer-associated anemia by identifying the contributing causes before selecting specific treatments. We summarize clinical trial data affirming the safety and efficacy of currently available IV iron products used to treat cancer-associated anemia and illustrate how we use commonly available laboratory tests to assess iron status during routine patient management. We compare adverse event rates associated with IV iron vs red cell transfusion and discuss using first-line IV iron monotherapy to treat anemic patients with cancer, which decreases the need for ESAs. A possible mechanism behind ESA-induced tumor progression is discussed. Finally, we review the potential of novel therapies such as ascorbic acid, prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, activin traps, hepcidin, and bone morphogenetic protein antagonists in treating cancer-associated anemia.
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Liu M, Wang AJ, Chen Y, Zhao G, Jiang Z, Wang X, Shi D, Zhang T, Sun B, He H, Williams Z, Hu K. Efficacy and safety of erythropoietin for traumatic brain injury. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:399. [PMID: 33138778 PMCID: PMC7604969 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies regarding the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been inconsistent. This study conducts a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the safety and efficacy of EPO for TBI patients at various follow-up time points. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library for RCTs studying EPO in TBI patients published through March 2019. Non-English manuscripts and non-human studies were excluded. The assessed outcomes include mortality, neurological recovery and associated adverse effects. Dichotomous variables are presented as risk ratios (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of seven RCTs involving 1197 TBI patients (611 treated with EPO, 586 treated with placebo) were included in this study. Compared to the placebo arm, treatment with EPO did not improve acute hospital mortality or short-term mortality. However, there was a significant improvement in mid-term (6 months) follow-up survival rates. EPO administration was not associated with neurological function improvement. Regarding adverse effects, EPO treatment did not increase the incidence of thromboembolic events or other associated adverse events. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates a slight mortality benefit for TBI patients treated with EPO at mid-term follow-up. EPO does not improve in-hospital mortality, nor does it increase adverse events including thrombotic, cardiovascular and other associated complications. Our analysis did not demonstrate a significant beneficial effect of EPO intervention on the recovery of neurological function. Future RCTs are required to further characterize the use of EPO in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Second Ruijin Street, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Amy J Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gexin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhifeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji Zhong Energy Fengfeng Group General hospital, Handan City, 056200, China
| | - Xinbang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The PLA Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing City, 246000, China
| | - Dongliang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, No.904th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Tiansong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jing-an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Second Ruijin Street, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Ziv Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,MGH-HMS Center for Nervous System Repair, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Second Ruijin Street, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,MGH-HMS Center for Nervous System Repair, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Hoque S, Chen BJ, Schoen MW, Carson KR, Keller J, Witherspoon BJ, Knopf KB, Yang YT, Schooley B, Nabhan C, Sartor O, Yarnold PR, Ray P, Bobolts L, Hrushesky WJ, Dickson M, Bennett CL. End of an era of administering erythropoiesis stimulating agents among Veterans Administration cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234541. [PMID: 32584835 PMCID: PMC7316310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoisis stimulating agent (ESA) use was addressed in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Oncology Drug Advisory Committee (ODAC) meetings between 2004 and 2008. FDA safety-focused regulatory actions occurred in 2007 and 2008. In 2007, black box warnings advised of early death and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risks with ESAs in oncology. In 2010, a Risk Evaluation Strategies (REMS) was initiated, with cancer patient consent that mortality and VTE risks were noted with ESAs. We report warnings and REMS impacts on ESA utilization among Veterans Administration (VA) cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). Data were from Veterans Affairs database (2003–2012). Epoetin and darbepoetin use were primary outcomes. Segmented linear regression was used to estimate changes in ESA use levels and trends, clinical appropriateness, and adverse events (VTEs) among chemotherapy-treated cancer patients. To estimate changes in level of drug prescription rate after policy actions, model-specific indicator variables as covariates based on specific actions were included. ESA use fell by 95% and 90% from 2005, for epoetin and darbepoetin, from 22% and 11%, respectively, to 1% and 1%, respectively, among cancer patients with CIA, respectively (p<0.01). Following REMS in 2010, mean hematocrit levels at ESA initiation decreased from 30% to 21% (p<0.01). Black box warnings preceded decreased ESA use among VA cancer patients with CIA. REMS was followed by reduced hematocrit levels at ESA initiation. Our findings contrast with privately- insured and Medicaid insured cancer patient data on chemotherapy-induced anemia where ESA use decreased to 3% to 7% by 2010–2012. By 2012, the era of ESA administration to VA to cancer patients had ended but the warnings remain relevant and significant. In 2019, oncology/hematology national guidelines (ASCO/ASH) recommend that cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia should receive ESAs or red blood cell transfusions after risk-benefit evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamia Hoque
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian J. Chen
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin W. Schoen
- Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kenneth R. Carson
- The Washington University School of Medicine and the Saint Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jesse Keller
- The Washington University School of Medicine and the Saint Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin B. Knopf
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Y. Tony Yang
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Schooley
- Department of Integrated Information Technology, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chadi Nabhan
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Yarnold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paul Ray
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura Bobolts
- Oncology Analytics, Plantation, Florida, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - William J. Hrushesky
- The Washington University School of Medicine and the Saint Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael Dickson
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Bennett
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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Schoen MW, Hoque S, Witherspoon BJ, Schooley B, Sartor O, Yang YT, Yarnold PR, Knopf KB, Hrushesky WJM, Dickson M, Chen BJ, Nabhan C, Bennett CL. End of an era for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in oncology. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2829-2835. [PMID: 32037527 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are available to treat chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). In 2007-2008, regulatory notifications advised of venous thromboembolism and mortality risks while the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services' restricted ESA initiation to patients with hemoglobin <10 g/dl. In 2010, a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies required consent prior to administration. We evaluated ESA utilization from 2003 to 2012 and obtained private health insurer claims data for persons with lung, colorectal, or breast cancer from 2001 to 2012. ESA use for CIA was determined by an ESA claim after chemotherapy, up to 6 months after treatment. We identified 839,948 commercially insured patients, including 24,785 patients with ESA-treated CIA (3.2%). Darbepoetin use increased 3.9-fold from 2003 to 2007 (12.3% to 48.7%) and then decreased 95% to 2.6% by 2012. Epoetin use decreased 90% from 2003 to 2012 (30.3% to 3.1%). Between 2003 and 2012, mean epoetin dosing decreased 0.8-fold (244,979 in 2003 vs. 196,216 units in 2012), but increased 1.8-fold for darbepoetin-treated CIA (262 in 2003 to 467 μg in 2012). Among CIA patients, transfusions were low (4.5%) in 2002-2007, then increased 2.2-fold between 2008 and 2012. Safety initiatives between 2007 and 2010 facilitated reductions in ESA use combined with changes in coverage. These data show the efficacy of regulatory efforts, publication of adverse events and changes in reimbursement in reducing use of ESAs. Future studies are warranted to optimize deimplementation strategies to improve patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Schoen
- Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shamia Hoque
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Benjamin Schooley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Y Tony Yang
- George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Paul R Yarnold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,The University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kevin B Knopf
- The University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - William J M Hrushesky
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,The University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael Dickson
- The University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Brian J Chen
- Arnold School of Public Health of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Chadi Nabhan
- The University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Charles L Bennett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,The University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina
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