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Nii S, Ueda H, Aono M, Mizuta K, Goshima T. Facile preparation of graphene nitride by irradiating MHz ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106179. [PMID: 36215888 PMCID: PMC9554821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at developing a simple sonochemical method to prepare graphene nitride from the mixture of graphite and aqueous ammonia solution. Ultrasound of 1.6 MHz was irradiated to the sample in a fabricated sonoreactor at predetermined ultrasonic power and duration. The one-pot method succeeded in the preparation of graphene nitride. The generation was proven by XPS analysis in finding N1S peak in the spectrum. Detail analysis of N1s peak suggested that the major nitrogen species was pyrrolic type. Furthermore, the presence of CO bond proved the oxidation by OH radical. The reaction product had the value of N/C as high as 0.08, which is comparable to reported values for ultrasonic preparation of graphene nitride. The fact indicates that the significance of chemical effects of MHz range ultrasound, and the finding of the simple preparation method will accelerate practical application of graphene nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Nii
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ueda
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masami Aono
- Dept. Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kei Mizuta
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takashi Goshima
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Naidu H, Kahraman O, Feng H. Novel applications of ultrasonic atomization in the manufacturing of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:105984. [PMID: 35395443 PMCID: PMC8991379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid atomization as a fluid disintegration method has been used in many industrial applications such as spray drying, coating, incineration, preparation of emulsions, medical devices, etc. The usage of ultrasonic energy for atomizing liquid is gaining interest as a green and energy-efficient alternative to traditional mechanical atomizers. In the past two decades, efforts have been made to explore new applications of ultrasonic misting for downstream separation of chemicals, e.g., bioethanol, from their aqueous solutions. Downstream separation of a chemical from its aqueous solutions is known to be an energy-intensive process. Conventional distillation is featured by low energy efficiency and inability to separate azeotropic mixtures, and thus novel alternatives, such as ultrasonic separation have been explored to advance the separation technology. Ultrasonic misting has been reported to generate mist and vapor mixture in a gaseous phase that is enriched in solute (e.g., ethanol), under non-thermal, non-equilibrium, and phase change free conditions. This review article takes an in-depth look into the recent advancements in ultrasound-mediated separation of organic molecules, especially bioethanol, from their aqueous solutions. An effort was made to analyze and compare the experimental setups used, mist collection methods, droplet size distribution, and separation mechanism. In addition, the applications of ultrasonic atomization in the production of pharmaceuticals and medical devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Naidu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ozan Kahraman
- Applied Food Sciences, 2500 Crosspark Road, Coralville, IA 52241, USA.
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Mai NL, Koo YM, Ha SH. Separation characteristics of hydrophilic ionic liquids from ionic liquids-water solution by ultrasonic atomization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 53:187-191. [PMID: 30686599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted much attention as promising alternatives for volatile organic solvents. Although the applications of ILs have been found in a diverse range of fields, there are a limited number of methods for the recovery of ILs so far. As an efficient separation method, therefore, ultrasonic atomization has been attempted to recover hydrophilic ILs, [Bmim][BF4], from ILs-water solution. In order to examine the separation characteristics of hydrophilic ILs-water solution, ultrasonic atomization of hydrophilic ILs-water solution was performed under various operating conditions such as initial ILs concentration, ultrasonic electric power, carrier gas flow rate, and operating temperature. The result showed that hydrophilic ILs recovery yield increased with a decrease in ultrasonic electric power, gas velocity, and temperature. As an increase in initial ILs concentration, however, higher ILs recovery yield was obtained. After 6 h of ultrasonic atomization of 50% (v/v) [Bmim][BF4]-water solution, 93.4% of initial ILs amount was recovered without any changes in their structure at ultrasonic power of 10 W, carrier gas flow of 5 L/min and temperature of 20 °C. It demonstrated that ultrasonic atomization could be used for the recovery of ILs from ILs-aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Mai
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Mo Koo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ho Ha
- Department of Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Yasuda K, Mochida K, Asakura Y, Koda S. Separation characteristics of alcohol from aqueous solution by ultrasonic atomization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:2026-31. [PMID: 24613472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation rate of ultrasonically atomized droplets and the alcohol concentration in droplets were estimated by measuring the flow rate and the alcohol concentration of vapors from a bulk solution with a fountain. The effect of the alcohol concentration in the bulk solution on the generation rate of droplets and the alcohol concentration in droplets were investigated. The ultrasonic frequency was 2.4MHz, and ethanol and methanol aqueous solutions were used as samples. The generation rate of droplets for ethanol was smaller than that for methanol at the same alcohol molar fraction in the bulk solution. For both solutions, at low alcohol concentration in the bulk solution, the alcohol concentration in droplets was lower than that in vapors and the atomized droplets were visible. On the other side, at high concentration, the concentration in droplets exceeded that in vapors and the atomized droplets became invisible. These results could be explained that the alcohol-rich clusters in the bulk solution were preferentially atomized by ultrasonic irradiation. The concentration in droplets for ethanol was higher than that for methanol at low alcohol concentration because the amount of alcohol-rich clusters was larger. When the alcohol molar fraction was greater than 0.6, the atomized droplets almost consisted of pure alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Yasuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Kyosuke Mochida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | | | - Shinobu Koda
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Nii S, Oka N. Size-selective separation of submicron particles in suspensions with ultrasonic atomization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:2032-2036. [PMID: 24798229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous suspensions containing silica or polystyrene latex were ultrasonically atomized for separating particles of a specific size. With the help of a fog involving fine liquid droplets with a narrow size distribution, submicron particles in a limited size-range were successfully separated from suspensions. Performance of the separation was characterized by analyzing the size and the concentration of collected particles with a high resolution method. Irradiation of 2.4MHz ultrasound to sample suspensions allowed the separation of particles of specific size from 90 to 320nm without regarding the type of material. Addition of a small amount of nonionic surfactant, PONPE20 to SiO2 suspensions enhanced the collection of finer particles, and achieved a remarkable increase in the number of collected particles. Degassing of the sample suspension resulted in eliminating the separation performance. Dissolved air in suspensions plays an important role in this separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Nii
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Naoyoshi Oka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Abstract
Acoustic energy as a form of physical energy has drawn the interests of both industry and scientific communities for its potential use as a food processing and preservation tool. Currently, most such applications deal with ultrasonic waves with relatively high intensities and acoustic power densities and are performed mostly in liquids. In this review, we briefly discuss the fundamentals of power ultrasound. We then summarize the physical and chemical effects of power ultrasound treatments based on the actions of acoustic cavitation and by looking into several ultrasound-assisted unit operations. Finally, we examine the biological effects of ultrasonication by focusing on its interactions with the miniature biological systems present in foods, i.e., microorganisms and food enzymes, as well as with selected macrobiological components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kentish
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;
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Jimmy B, Kolev SD, Kentish S, Ashokkumar M. A novel approach for enhancing metal ion separation using acoustic nebulisation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:435-439. [PMID: 22154732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel technique for anionic surfactant assisted separation and preconcentration of metal cations was developed using ultrasound induced nebulization at MHz frequency. The ions of copper, zinc, cadmium, and calcium were used as model analytes. Analysis of the aerosol using flame atomic absorption spectrometry showed enrichment factors for the metal ions studied between 5 and 8, when dilute solutions containing sodium dodecylsulfate and the metal ions were nebulized. The mechanism of metal ion enrichment was explained based on surfactant adsorption and the droplet model for aerosol droplets. It was demonstrated that further increase in the enrichment factor could be achieved by increasing the ultrasound frequency, thus producing smaller droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenamma Jimmy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Suzuki K, Arashi K, Nii S. Determination of Droplet and Vapor Ratio of Ultrasonically-Atomized Aqueous Ethanol Solution. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.11we196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suzuki
- Material Testing Department, Instrumental Division, IHI Inspection & Instrumentation Co., Ltd
| | | | - Susumu Nii
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University
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Zhang H, Shi Y, Wei S, Wang Y, Zhang H. Ultrasonic nebulization extraction coupled with headspace single-drop microextraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds from the seed of Cuminum cyminum L. Talanta 2011; 85:1081-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jung HY, Park HJ, Calo JM, Diebold GJ. Comparison of Ultrasonic Distillation to Sparging of Liquid Mixtures. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10090-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Han Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Joseph M. Calo
- Department of Chemistry and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Gerald J. Diebold
- Department of Chemistry and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Nii S, Toki M, Watanabe S, Suzuki K, Matsuura K, Fukazu T. Ethanol Separation through Ultrasonic Atomization under Controlled Pressure. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.09we084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Nii
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University
| | - Misuzu Toki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University
| | | | - Kenji Suzuki
- Ishikawajima Inspection & Instrumentation Co. Ltd
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Kobara H, Tamiya M, Wakisaka A, Fukazu T, Matsuura K. Relationship between the size of mist droplets and ethanol condensation efficiency at ultrasonic atomization on ethanol-water mixtures. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hamai K, Takenaka N, Nanzai B, Okitsu K, Bandow H, Maeda Y. Influence of adding salt on ultrasonic atomization in an ethanol-water solution. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2009; 16:150-4. [PMID: 18707914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol was enriched by ultrasonic atomization. Enrichment ratios were increased by adding salt to the ethanol solution. Different enrichment ratios were observed for different types of salts in a range of low ethanol concentrations. The enrichment ratio was significantly improved by adding K(2)CO(3) or (NH(4))(2)SO(4). It is concluded that this is due to enhanced interfacial adsorption of the ethanol. Addition of Na(2)CO(3) to the ethanol solution also enhanced the interfacial adsorption of the ethanol, but the effect was relatively small. Addition of NaCl to the ethanol solution did not enhance the interfacial adsorption of the ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumei Hamai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-Ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Jimmy B, Kentish S, Grieser F, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonic nebulization in aqueous solutions and the role of interfacial adsorption dynamics in surfactant enrichment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:10133-10137. [PMID: 18712894 DOI: 10.1021/la801876s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High-density micron-sized aerosols from liquid surfaces were generated using an ultrasonic (frequency = 1056 kHz) nebulization technique in the absence and presence of a number of surfactants. The surfactants included cationic surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride and dodecylpyridinium chloride, and anionic surfactants, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium benzenesulfonate. The nebulization process generated aerosols of a narrow size distribution with a number mean diameter of about 3.4 mum, which is close to the theoretical value suggested by the Lang Equation. The aerosol droplets are enriched in surfactant as a consequence of the large interfacial area. The enrichment factor varied for different surfactants, depending on their surface activity. The extent of enrichment can be related to the rate of mass transfer of surfactant to the liquid surface. Surface concentrations of between 15 and 30% of the equilibrium value are observed, indicating turbulent mass transfer is the rate limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenamma Jimmy
- School of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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