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Martínez Ú, Brandon TH, Sutton SK, Simmons VN. Associations between the smoking-relatedness of a cancer type, cessation attitudes and beliefs, and future abstinence among recent quitters. Psychooncology 2018; 27:2104-2110. [PMID: 29785718 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking after a diagnosis of cancer can negatively impact treatment outcomes and quality of life. It is important that patients quit smoking and remain abstinent regardless of cancer type. Some cancer types (eg, lung) have stronger links to smoking as a cause than do others (eg, colorectal). The aims of this study were to (1) assess associations between smoking-relatedness of the cancer type with beliefs and attitudes concerning smoking abstinence (eg, confidence, self-efficacy), and (2) assess these variables as predictors of future abstinence. METHODS In this secondary analysis, cancer patients (N = 357) who quit smoking within the previous 90 days were assigned a code of 3, 2, or 1 according to the cancer type's level of smoking-relatedness: Very related (n = 134, thoracic and head and neck), Somewhat related (n = 93, acute myeloid leukemia, bladder, cervix, colorectal, esophageal, kidney, liver, pancreas, and stomach), and Unlikely related (n = 137, all other cancer types). RESULTS Smoking-relatedness was positively associated with plan to stay smoke-free, maximum confidence in being smoke-free in 6 months, higher abstinence self-efficacy, and lower expected difficulty in staying smoke-free. Each of the 4 beliefs and attitude variables predicted abstinence 2 months later. Smoking-relatedness also predicted abstinence in a univariate model, but not in a multivariable model with the belief and attitude variables. Using backwards stepwise procedures, the final model included plan to stay smoke-free, confidence in being smoke-free, and abstinence self-efficacy. CONCLUSION These results are consistent with our conceptualization of cessation motivation differing by smoking-relatedness of the cancer type and predicting future abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Martínez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas H Brandon
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven K Sutton
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Vani N Simmons
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Chan MPS, Cheng C. Explaining personality and contextual differences in beneficial role of online versus offline social support: A moderated mediation model. Computers in Human Behavior 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Sociodemographic (gender and socioeconomic status) and personality (dispositional self-consciousness) correlates of risk behavior (smoking, seatbelt nonuse, vehicular speeding) and physical symptom reporting were assessed in a sample of Jordanian college students. Statistically significant correlations were found between gender and both risk behavior and physical symptom reporting. Female participants were more likely to complain of physical symptoms, but less likely to engage in risk behavior than males. Socioeconomic status was negatively related to physical symptom reporting, but variably related to risk behavior. Private self-consciousness was not related to risk behavior or to complaints of physical symptoms. Public self-consciousness was negatively associated with seatbelt use. Multiple regression analyses showed that, overall, socioeconomic status and gender were better predictors of risk behaviors and physical symptom reporting than any aspect of dispositional self-consciousness. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoub Khallad
- Psychology Program, Middle East Technical University-Northern Cyprus Campus, Mersin, Turkey.
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Lebel S, Feldstain A, McCallum M, Beattie S, Irish J, Bezjak A, Devins GM. Do behavioural self-blame and stigma predict positive health changes in survivors of lung or head and neck cancers? Psychol Health 2013; 28:1066-81. [PMID: 23544675 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2013.781602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Survivors of lung or head and neck cancers often change tobacco and alcohol consumption after diagnosis, but few studies have examined other positive health changes (PHCs) or their determinants in these groups. The present study aims to: (a) document PHCs in survivors of lung (n = 107) or head and neck cancers (n = 99) and (b) examine behavioural self-blame and stigma as determinants of PHCs. We hypothesised that: (a) survivors would make a variety of PHCs; (b) behavioural self-blame for the disease would positively predict making PHCs; and (c) stigma would negatively predict making PHCs. METHODS Respondents self-administered measures of PHC, behavioural self-blame, and stigma. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis tested the hypotheses. RESULTS More than 65% of respondents reported making PHCs, the most common being changes in diet (25%), exercise (23%) and tobacco consumption (16.5%). Behavioural self-blame significantly predicted PHCs but stigma did not. However, both behavioural self-blame and stigma significantly predicted changes in tobacco consumption. CONCLUSIONS Many survivors of lung or head and neck cancers engage in PHCs, but those who do not attribute the disease to their behaviour are less likely to do so. Attention to this problem and additional counselling may help people to adopt PHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lebel
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada
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Howren MB, Christensen AJ, Karnell LH, Funk GF. Psychological factors associated with head and neck cancer treatment and survivorship: evidence and opportunities for behavioral medicine. J Consult Clin Psychol 2012; 81:299-317. [PMID: 22963591 DOI: 10.1037/a0029940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC) not only face a potentially life-threatening diagnosis but must endure treatment that often results in significant, highly visible disfigurement and disruptions of essential functioning, such as deficits or complications in eating, swallowing, breathing, and speech. Each year, approximately 650,000 new cases are diagnosed, making HNC the 6th most common type of cancer in the world. Despite this, however, HNC remains understudied in behavioral medicine. In this article, the authors review available evidence regarding several important psychosocial and behavioral factors associated with HNC diagnosis, treatment, and recovery, as well as various psychosocial interventions conducted in this patient population, before concluding with opportunities for behavioral medicine research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bryant Howren
- Veterans Affairs Iowa City Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Abstract
This research examined cultural differences in the patterns of choices that reflect more social characteristics of a chooser (e.g., social status). Four studies examined the cultural difference in individuals' tendency to choose brand-name products (i.e., high-status options) over generic products (i.e., low-status options) and the underlying reasons for these differences. Compared to European Americans, Asian Americans consistently chose brand-name products. This difference was driven by Asian Americans' greater social status concerns. Self-consciousness was more strongly associated with the brand-name choices of Asian Americans (vs. European Americans), and experimentally induced social status led Asian Americans (vs. European Americans) to make more choices concordant with self-perception. These findings highlight the importance of considering external and social motivations underlying the choice-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung S Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Calogero RM, Watson N. Self-discrepancy and chronic social self-consciousness: Unique and interactive effects of gender and real–ought discrepancy. Personality and Individual Differences 2009; 46:642-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Health behaviors are significantly understudied in transplant patients, contributing to significant ethical debate among transplant professionals. Some of these health behaviors (tobacco use and overweight/obesity) are the leading preventable causes of mortality in the US general population and likely have a higher prevalence and impact among transplant populations. For example, tobacco use has been linked to worse graft survival, patient survival, complications, and comorbidities, whereas tobacco cessation has been associated with improved patient and graft survival. Over time, transplant professionals increasingly believe that tobacco use should be a relative contraindication to organ allocation. That belief seems to be strengthened after provider education on pertinent evidence linking tobacco use to medical consequences in both the general and the transplant populations. A core framework for ethical analysis of health behaviors in the context of organ allocation is described, using concepts of utility, justice, and respect for all persons. This framework is designed to help transplant professionals discuss and formulate policy on consideration of health behaviors in the context of organ allocation. More research is needed to advance our knowledge of the impact of health behaviors on transplant patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna L Ehlers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Park CL, Gaffey AE. Relationships between psychosocial factors and health behavior change in cancer survivors: An integrative review. Ann Behav Med 2007; 34:115-34. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02872667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Schnoll RA, Engstrom PF, Subramanian S, Demidov L, Wielt DB, Tighiouart M. Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among Russian cancer patients: Implications for the development of smoking cessation interventions at a cancer center in Russia. Int J Behav Med 2006; 13:16-25. [PMID: 16503837 DOI: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm1301_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the rate of smoking among 399 cancer patients in Russia and assessed correlates of tobacco use and readiness to quit smoking. The results indicated that (a) 41.6% of patients were smokers; and (b) smokers were likely to be male, have lung or colorectal cancer, exhibit low levels of knowledge concerning the negative effects of smoking, report a low level of advantages to quitting smoking and a high level of disadvantages to quitting smoking, show low perceived risk for the adverse effects of smoking, and exhibit high fatalistic beliefs. Though certain findings converge well with data collected from U.S. samples of cancer patients, these results can guide the development of smoking interventions that address the specific needs of Russian cancer patients. In sum, this study fills a critical gap in knowledge concerning the epidemic of tobacco use in Russia and broadens research regarding tobacco use by cancer patients from the United States to the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Schnoll
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Division of Population Science, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19012, USA.
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Abstract
With improvements in cancer survival rates, more patients with cancer are living longer, and hence, cancer is becoming viewed as a chronic illness requiring long-term management. An important aspect of patient care during and after cancer treatment is patient health behaviors. For example, sequelae from various cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT), can compromise health in a variety ways, including decreased immune functioning, cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy and/or RT, and weight gain. In addition, the stress caused by a cancer diagnosis and its treatment can disrupt existing health behaviors or exacerbate unhealthy behaviors. Continued smoking or alcohol use can complicate treatment and increase risk for further malignancy. Furthermore, decreased physical activity and poor nutrition can cause weight gain, which may contribute to secondary health problems such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The authors reviewed the extant literature on four key health behaviors among patients with cancer and survivors: healthy diet, reduced tobacco use, reduced alcohol use, and increased physical activity. They described the prevalence of these behaviors, reviewed the effects of interventions designed to alter unhealthy behaviors, and discussed the implications and future directions for this emerging area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardine M Pinto
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Brown Medical School and Miriam Hospital, Lifespan Academic Medical Center, One Hoppin Street, Coro Building, Suite 500, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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Schnoll RA, Rothman RL, Lerman C, Miller SM, Newman H, Movsas B, Sherman E, Ridge JA, Unger M, Langer C, Goldberg M, Scott W, Cheng J. Comparing cancer patients who enroll in a smoking cessation program at a comprehensive cancer center with those who decline enrollment. Head Neck 2004; 26:278-86. [PMID: 14999804 DOI: 10.1002/hed.10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the availability of smoking interventions for cancer patients, many eligible patients decline enrollment into such programs. We examined reasons patients provide for declining smoking treatment and compared treatment decliners to enrollees. METHODS Eligible cancer patients (N = 231) were offered smoking cessation treatment. During recruitment, demographic, medical (eg, cancer stage), and smoking-related behavioral (eg, readiness to quit) data were collected, and decliners stated a reason for refusal. Patients who enrolled in the cessation program (N = 109) were compared with those who declined (N = 122) in terms of recruitment data, and reasons for declining were compiled. RESULTS Decliners were significantly more likely to: (1) have head and neck cancer (vs lung cancer); (2) exhibit fewer physical symptoms (eg, shortness of breath); (3) report a lower readiness to quit smoking; (4) indicate no intention to quit smoking; and (5) smoke fewer cigarettes. A preference to quit without professional assistance was the most common reason for declining treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight important differences between patients who enroll in a smoking cessation program and those who decline and underscore the need for motivational interventions to facilitate enrollment into smoking interventions for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Schnoll
- Division of Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 510 Township Line Road, Cheltenham, Pennsylvania 19012, USA.
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Schnoll RA, James C, Malstrom M, Rothman RL, Wang H, Babb J, Miller SM, Ridge JA, Movsas B, Langer C, Unger M, Goldberg M. Longitudinal predictors of continued tobacco use among patients diagnosed with cancer. Ann Behav Med 2003; 25:214-22. [PMID: 12763716 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm2503_07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though continued smoking by cancer patients adversely affects survival and quality of life, about one third of patients who smoked prior to their diagnosis continue to smoke after their diagnosis. The implementation of smoking cessation treatments for cancer patients has been slowed by the lack of data on correlates of tobacco use in this population. Thus, this longitudinal study assessed demographic, medical, addiction, and psychological predictors of tobacco use among 74 head, neck, and lung cancer patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses, with outcome categorized as smoker or nonsmoker, indicated that the likelihood that patients would be a smoker was associated with lower levels of perceived risk and a higher level of quitting cons. Multivariable nominal logistic regression, with outcome classified as continuous smoker, continuous quitter, relapser, or follow-up quitter, indicated that: (a). patients categorized as continuous smokers reported significantly lower quitting self-efficacy than follow-up quitters and continuous quitters, (b). relapsers reported a significantly lower level of quitting self-efficacy than either follow-up quitters or continuous quitters, and (c). continuous smokers exhibited a significantly lower level of risk perceptions than continuous abstainers. These findings can be useful for the development and evaluation of treatments to promote smoking cessation among cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Schnoll
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Psychological & Behavioral Medicine Program, Cheltenham, PA 19012, USA.
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