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Whitted WM, Southward MW, Howard KP, Wick SB, Strunk DR, Cheavens JS. Seeing is believing: The effect of subtle communication in social media on viewers' beliefs about depression and anxiety symptom trajectories. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1050-1064. [PMID: 38287680 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One barrier to treatment seeking, uptake, and engagement is the belief that nothing can be done to reduce symptoms. Given the widespread use of social media to disseminate information about important issues, including psychological health, we sought to understand how the influence of social media communication regarding mental health impacts viewers' beliefs about psychopathology recovery. METHOD Undergraduate participants from a large Midwestern university (N = 322) were randomized to view a series of Tweets characterizing psychopathology from a fixed mindset perspective, a growth mindset perspective, or, in the control condition, Tweets unrelated to psychopathology. Afterward, they completed a series of questionnaires designed to assess beliefs about recovery from depression and anxiety. RESULTS Participants in the growth mindset condition endorsed less pessimistic beliefs about their ability (i.e., self-efficacy) to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, and they believed these symptoms to be less stable and innate relative to those in the fixed mindset condition. CONCLUSION Social media communication that characterizes psychopathology from a growth mindset perspective may be a viable intervention for improving beliefs around mental health self-efficacy and the malleable nature of mental illness, particularly depression and anxiety. Clinicians may be able to use social media platforms to promote functional beliefs around mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Whitted
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Kristen P Howard
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samantha B Wick
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel R Strunk
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Ingelson B, Dahlke S, O'Rourke H, Hunter KF. Nurses' knowledge and beliefs on pain management practices with hospitalised persons living with dementia: A qualitative descriptive study. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38590077 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To understand nurses' knowledge, beliefs and experiences affect pain management practices in hospitalised persons living with dementia (PLWD). DESIGN Naturalistic inquiry using qualitative descriptive design. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 registered nurses who worked in one acute care hospital in Southern California from October to November 2022. Data were analysed using content analysis to identify themes. RESULTS Two themes were developed: improvising pain assessment, which included how pain was documented, and administration hesitancy referring to nurse's concerns about PLWD's confusion. Nurses described the challenges of assessing pain in hospitalised PLWD particularly if they were non-verbal and/or demonstrating responsive behaviours. Nurse's years of experience, dementia stigma, and their unconscious biases affected nurses' pain management practices. CONCLUSIONS The study findings highlight the complex challenges of pain management in hospitalised PLWD that are exacerbated by nurses' knowledge deficits, negative stereotypical beliefs, dementia stigma and unconscious biases towards older people that contributes to undermanaged pain in hospitalised PLWD. IMPLICATIONS A comprehensive strategy using an implementation framework is needed to address nurse's knowledge gaps, unconscious bias, dementia stigma and techniques that enhance communication skills is suggested. Building a foundation in these areas would improve pain management in hospitalised PLWD. IMPACT Improving pain management in hospitalised PLWD would improve the quality of life, decrease hospital length of stay, prevent readmissions, and improve nurse satisfaction. REPORTING METHOD The study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). PATIENT CONTRIBUTIONS Improving pain management in hospitalised PLWD would prevent long term confusion, episodes of delirium and improve quality of life as they recover from their acute illness for which they required hospital care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Ingelson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sherry Dahlke
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hannah O'Rourke
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathleen F Hunter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Özcan Ş, Eren H. Beliefs About Sexual Functioning Scale: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Psychometric Properties Within Turkish Population. J Nurs Meas 2024:JNM-2023-0027.R1. [PMID: 38569746 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Beliefs about sexual function play a very significant role in determining sexual dysfunctions. There are very few short and reliable scales that can be administered to both men and women to measure their beliefs about sexual function. In this study, the researchers aimed to define the cross-culturally adapted Turkish version of the Beliefs about Sexual Functioning Scale and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: In this methodological study which included 192 people, data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the personal information form and the Beliefs about Sexual Functioning Scale. Results: The content validity index and Cronbach's alpha value of the scale were .96 and .726, respectively. Findings indicate that the four-factor structure of the scale, whose items were reduced from 15 to 11, showed a good fit. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis, the scale preserved its original structure, but one subdimension (anal sex beliefs) was excluded from the scale because it was not suitable for the Turkish culture. The remaining four subdimensions accounted for 61.71% of the total variance. Conclusions: The Beliefs about Sexual Functioning Scale can be used to determine the beliefs about sexual functions of people living in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şadiye Özcan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Handan Eren
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
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Farina N, Hassan E, Theresia I, Fitri FI, Suswanti I, Sani TP, Evans‐Lacko S, Banerjee S, Turana Y. Awareness, attitudes, and beliefs of dementia in Indonesia. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2024; 16:e12570. [PMID: 38617185 PMCID: PMC11010264 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tackling dementia stigma is a policy priority. In Indonesia, we have little insight into the general public's knowledge and attitudes about dementia. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 4430 Indonesian adults recruited from Jakarta and North Sumatra, Indonesia. Measures included dementia knowledge and attitudes. RESULTS A total of 86.3% (n = 3,803) of adults had not heard of the terms dementia or Alzheimer's disease, and commonly viewed dementia as a normal part of aging. Being older, incorrect knowledge about etiology, not having heard of the terms dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease, having less than primary education, and being from North Sumatra were associated with more negative attitudes (p-values < 0.05). DISCUSSION Misconceptions and lack of awareness about dementia are common in Indonesia. Attitudes tended not to be negative, but our research highlights factors associated with dementia attitudes. Future research should use this information to better tailor and target potential anti-stigma strategies. Highlights Most Indonesians had not heard of the terms dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease and thought it was caused by normal aging.The majority of participants held mixed or positive attitudes towards dementia.A series of demographic factors alongside poor awareness were associated with negative attitudes towards dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esra Hassan
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical SchoolEast SussexUK
| | | | - Fasihah Irfani Fitri
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedanIndonesia
| | - Ika Suswanti
- Department of NeurologySchool of Medicine and Health SciencesAtma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | | | - Sara Evans‐Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation CentreLondon School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Yuda Turana
- School of Medicine and Health SciencesAtma Jaya Catholic University of IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
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Seitz RJ, Paloutzian RF, Angel H. Manifestations, social impact, and decay of conceptual beliefs: A cultural perspective. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3470. [PMID: 38558538 PMCID: PMC10983810 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Believing comprises multifaceted processes that integrate information from the outside world through meaning-making processes with personal relevance. METHODS Qualitative Review of the current literature in social cognitive neuroscience. RESULTS Although believing develops rapidly outside an individual's conscious awareness, it results in the formation of beliefs that are stored in memory and play an important role in determining an individual's behavior. Primal beliefs reflect an individual's experience of objects and events, whereas conceptual beliefs are based on narratives that are held in social groups. Conceptual beliefs can be about autobiographical, political, religious, and other aspects of life and may be encouraged by participation in group rituals. We hypothesize that assertions of future gains and rewards that transcend but are inherent in these codices provide incentives to follow the norms and rules of social groups. CONCLUSION The power of conceptual beliefs to provide cultural orientation is likely to fade when circumstances and evidence make it clear that what was asserted no longer applies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger J. Seitz
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR‐Klinikum Düsseldorf, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | | | - Hans‐Ferdinand Angel
- Institute of Catechetic and Pedagogic of ReligionKarl Franzens University GrazGrazAustria
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Gavrilets S, Tverskoi D, Sánchez A. Modelling social norms: an integration of the norm-utility approach with beliefs dynamics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230027. [PMID: 38244599 PMCID: PMC10799741 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We review theoretical approaches for modelling the origin, persistence and change of social norms. The most comprehensive models describe the coevolution of behaviours, personal, descriptive and injunctive norms while considering influences of various authorities and accounting for cognitive processes and between-individual differences. Models show that social norms can improve individual and group well-being. Under some conditions though, deleterious norms can persist in the population through conformity, preference falsification and pluralistic ignorance. Polarization in behaviour and beliefs can be maintained, even when societal advantages of particular behaviours or belief systems over alternatives are clear. Attempts to change social norms can backfire through cognitive processes including cognitive dissonance and psychological reactance. Under some conditions social norms can change rapidly via tipping point dynamics. Norms can be highly susceptible to manipulation, and network structure influences their propagation. Future models should incorporate network structure more thoroughly, explicitly study online norms, consider cultural variations and be applied to real-world processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Social norm change: drivers and consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Gavrilets
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Denis Tverskoi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Angel Sánchez
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Madrid 28911, Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
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Kodagoda Gamage MW, Pu L, Todorovic M, Moyle W. Factors related to nurses' beliefs regarding pain assessment in people living with dementia. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38459722 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate registered nurses' beliefs and related factors regarding pain assessment in people living with dementia. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between July 2022 and April 2023. METHODS An online survey comprised of demographics, knowledge scale, and beliefs scale relating to pain assessment in dementia was distributed to registered nurses (RNs) caring for people living with dementia in Australia. RESULTS RNs (N = 131) completed the survey. Most respondents were females (87.0%) and self-identified as Caucasian (60.3%). The mean beliefs score was 72.60 (±6.39) out of a maximum possible score of 95. RNs' beliefs about pain assessment varied based on their education, dementia pain assessment knowledge, nursing experience, and ethnicity. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed factors significantly related to the beliefs score (i.e. education and dementia pain assessment knowledge). CONCLUSION The relationship between education and knowledge, and the beliefs score indicates the potential to improve RNs' knowledge and overcome their erroneous beliefs about pain assessment in dementia. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Education and training in assessing pain in people living with dementia should be tailored to overcome RNs' misconceived beliefs. These programmes should be integrated into continuous learning programmes. IMPACT Some RNs' beliefs about pain assessment in dementia were not evidence-based, and knowledge and educational status were the strongest factors related to RNs' beliefs. RNs' erroneous beliefs about pain assessment in dementia need to be addressed to improve pain assessment and management. Researchers should explore the potential of educational interventions to overcome RNs' misconceived beliefs about pain assessment in dementia. REPORTING METHOD This study was reported adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION RNs caring for people living with dementia participated as survey respondents. Additionally, RNs were involved in the pre-testing of the study's survey instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushika Wishvanie Kodagoda Gamage
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Lihui Pu
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Todorovic
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nathan, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Konstantopoulos A, Dayton L, Latkin C. The politics of vaccination: a closer look at the beliefs, social norms, and prevention behaviors related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake within two US political parties. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:589-602. [PMID: 37992282 PMCID: PMC10922401 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2283401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and suboptimal vaccine uptake rates are pressing public health challenges. Vaccine hesitancy has been observed for different vaccines. For COVID-19 vaccines, multiple factors influence vaccine uptake in the U.S. including political ideology. A more nuanced understanding of the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake within political parties is needed. This study assesses the relationship between known vaccine hesitancy factors and vaccine uptake within two major political parties. Data from 804 U.S. participants in an online survey from June 2021 was used to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccine uptake (no dose vs. any dose) and categories of factors thought to influence vaccine uptake (sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 disease and vaccine belief variables, belief in COVID-19 prevention behavior variables, and social network features variables) for Republicans and Democrats using bivariate and multivariate regression. 65.4% of the sample reported having received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (22.6% Republican and 52.1% Democrat). In the total sample bivariate model, Democrat participants had significantly greater odds of having received a dose of the vaccine as compared to Republican participants (OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1.73-3.64). In adjusted models, the speed of vaccine development was negatively associated with vaccine uptake for both Republicans (aOR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.06-0.57) and Democrats (aOR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.19-0.86), as was concern about side effects from the vaccine (Republicans: aOR = 0.15; 95%CI = 0.05-0.47; Democrats: aOR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.06-0.31). COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Republicans, but not Democrats, was associated with belief that the vaccine prevents COVID-19 (aOR = 3.29, 95%CI = 1.29-8.37) and belief about friends' vaccine intentions (aOR = 6.19, 95%CI = 2.39-16.05). There were no significant factors unique to Democrats. Concerns about aspects of COVID-19 vaccine safety for both political groups suggest that vaccine advocacy interventions should universally address these factors. However, Republican beliefs in vaccine efficacy and in friends' vaccine intentions suggest a need for Republican-specific messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Konstantopoulos
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Dayton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ray BM, Washington L, Thompson BL, Kelleran K. An exploration of low back pain beliefs held by health care professionals in Northern America. Musculoskeletal Care 2024; 22:e1877. [PMID: 38520493 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research demonstrated that people in the United States and Canada (Northern America) hold predominantly biomedical beliefs about Low back pain (LBP); such beliefs were attributed to healthcare professionals (HCP). Further investigation is needed to understand HCP' LBP beliefs, preferred management strategies, and sources of beliefs. METHODS Participants were recruited via social media to complete a qualitative cross-sectional online survey. The survey was distributed to assess LBP beliefs in a U.S. and Canadian-based clinician population. Participants answered questions about the cause of LBP, reasons for recurrence or persistence, use of imaging, management strategies, and sources of beliefs. Responses were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS One hundred and sixty three participants were included, reporting multiple causes for LBP. However, many references were anchored to biological problems. When psychological variables were mentioned, it typically involved patient blaming. Like prior research studies, minimal attention was given to societal and environmental influences. Management strategies often aligned with guideline care except for the recommendation of inappropriate imaging and a reliance on passive interventions. CONCLUSIONS These findings align with prior research studies on general population beliefs, demonstrating a preference for biological causes of LBP. Further updates are needed for clinical education, while future studies should seek to assess the translation of clinician beliefs into clinical practice and health system constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Michael Ray
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Virginia, USA
| | - Leah Washington
- Department of Health and Human Sciences, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Virginia, USA
| | - Bronwyn Lennox Thompson
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand, USA
| | - Kyle Kelleran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Parent S, Radziszewski S, Gillard A, Bélanger-Gravel A, Gagné MH, St-Pierre E, Vertommen T, Woodburn A. Development and initial validation of the perceived instrumental effects of violence in sport scale. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1355958. [PMID: 38476580 PMCID: PMC10927836 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1355958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A growing body of research is looking into risk factors for interpersonal violence (IV) in sport. This research suggests the existence of several important risk factors, especially organizational and social factors. One of these factors is the beliefs regarding instrumental effects of violence. Coaches may want to drive performance, deter failure, test resilience and commitment, develop toughness, assure interpersonal control, and promote internal competition. In sum, available evidence suggests the risk of IV increases when coaches believe in the effectiveness of strategies involving IV to enhance athlete performance or perceive external approval for these practices. Methods The studies presented in this article seeks to develop and validate the Perceived Instrumental Effects of Violence in Sport (PIEVS) Scale in order to measure those beliefs in coaches. In study 1, item generation, expert consultation, cognitive interviews, pilot test and item reduction phases led to 25 items for the PIEVS around six dimensions. In study 2, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with 690 coaches in order to determine the PIEVS factorial structure and the convergent and divergent validity of the scale was tested (long and short form). Results Our results suggested a one-factor solution for the PIEVS (25 items). This one-factor model provided an excellent fit to the data and a very good internal consistency. The PIEVS and empowering motivational climate were negatively correlated, which supported divergent validity as expected. The PIEVS was positively correlated with the disempowering motivational climate and with sport ethic norms, which supported convergent validity as expected. Discussion These findings provide preliminary evidence for the appropriateness of the PIEVS Scale to measure perceived instrumental effects of violence in coaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Parent
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- International Research Network on Violence and Integrity in Sport (IRNOVIS), Antwerp, Belgium
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Équipe Violence Sexuelle et Santé (ÉVISSA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Radziszewski
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Équipe Violence Sexuelle et Santé (ÉVISSA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Allyson Gillard
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Équipe Violence Sexuelle et Santé (ÉVISSA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Elisabeth St-Pierre
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tine Vertommen
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- International Research Network on Violence and Integrity in Sport (IRNOVIS), Antwerp, Belgium
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Safe Sport Lab, Center of Expertise Care and Well-Being, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Physical Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Woodburn
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Bien-Gund CH, Sarbaugh M, Perrine L, Dugosh K, Gross R, Fishman J. Salient beliefs related to secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-test kits within social networks. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1337745. [PMID: 38476496 PMCID: PMC10927981 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1337745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Widespread access to testing is critical to public health efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-test kits, where an individual distributes test kits to others in their social networks, is a potential strategy to improve access to testing. In this qualitative study, we identified salient beliefs about distributing and accepting COVID-19 self-test kits within one's social network, as well as ordering COVID-19 self-test kits from the government. Methods We recruited 61 participants from a randomized controlled trial (NCT04797858) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to elicit beliefs about (1) distributing COVID-19 self-test kits within one's social network, (2) receiving test kits from social contacts, and (3) ordering self-test kits from the government. Using validated, open-ended question stems, we identified the most common set of beliefs underlying attitudes, perceived norms (or social referents), and perceived behavioral control (or self-efficacy) toward each of these behaviors. Results Twenty-seven out of 30 (90%) of participants who received self-test kits reported distributing the kits to social contacts. These participants described altruistic beliefs about giving others access to testing, and felt approval from family members, friends, and others in their social networks. When receiving test kits from social network contacts, participants described advantages of test kit convenience, but some voiced concern about test kit tampering and confusing instructions. Participants also described perceived logistic barriers to distributing and receiving self-test kits, such as delivering or transporting test kits, or finding time to meet. Participants who ordered test kits from the government also described increased convenience of test access, but described different logistic barriers such as delays in test kit delivery, or not receiving test kits at all. Conclusion In comparison with government-ordered test kits, the secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-test kits raised unique concerns about test kit quality and instructions, as well as distinctive logistic barriers related to distributing self-test kits to network contacts, which were not raised for test kits ordered from the government. This study demonstrates that beliefs may vary depending on the type of testing behavior, and behavioral interventions may benefit from developing messages tailored to specific testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric H. Bien-Gund
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Molly Sarbaugh
- Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lily Perrine
- Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karen Dugosh
- Public Health Management Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert Gross
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jessica Fishman
- Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Monteiro AJ, de Labra C, Losa-Iglesias ME, Dias A, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Silva-Migueis H, Macedo F, López-López D, Gómez-Salgado J. The relationship of kinesiophobia in patients with lymphedema: a case-control investigation. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1293614. [PMID: 38445089 PMCID: PMC10912151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1293614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kinesiophobia and lymphedema appear to be related conditions, and it is important to understand this relationship, as many of the symptoms and comorbidities presented by individuals with lower limb lymphedema are prevented and treated through movement, thus constituting kinesiophobia as a barrier to intervention. The objective of this study is, therefore, to evaluate and analyze the kinesiophobic beliefs reported by individuals with and without lower limb lymphedema, regarding the agreement, severity and differences found, and to establish levels of kinesiophobia. Methods A case-control study with a total sample of 80 participants (40 with lower limb lymphedema and 40 without) was performed. Both groups (with and without lymphedema) were characterized anthropologically, sociodemographically, and clinically. In the case group, lymphedema was evaluated. Participants in both groups completed the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia - 13 items (TSK-13). Results Individuals with lower limb lymphedema had higher TSK-13 scores than their matched group without lymphedema. The items belonging to the activity avoidance subscale had the highest agreement and score in both groups. Differences between groups were mainly established for items belonging to the somatic focus subscale, showing that individuals with lower limb lymphedema have kinesiophobic beliefs related to the perceived severity of their lymphedema. The prevalence of kinesiophobia was increased in both groups, but the severity was mild. Conclusions Considering the apparent tendency of people with lower limb lymphedema to present kinesiophobia and movement-limiting beliefs regarding the condition, greater attention should be paid to its assessment, prevention and treatment from a multidisciplinary and multimodal perspective, which takes into account the multiplicity of factors inherent to kinesiophobia and lymphedema and thus reduce their impact on the management of lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Júlia Monteiro
- Research, Health, and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
- Physiotherapy Department, Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa - Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carmen de Labra
- Research, Health, and Podiatry Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Adriano Dias
- Epidemiology – Department of Public Health and Grade Program of Public/Collective Health, Botucatu Medical School/Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Helena Silva-Migueis
- Research, Health, and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
- Physiotherapy Department, Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa - Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipe Macedo
- Integrated Continuing Care Unit, Casa de Santa Maria, Camarate, Portugal
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health, and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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13
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Porto M, Marôco J, Mascarenhas T, Pimenta F. Corrigendum: Beliefs and strategies about urinary incontinence: a possible moderation role between symptoms and sexual function, and quality of life. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1359674. [PMID: 38406304 PMCID: PMC10885343 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1359674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1252471.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Porto
- William James Center for Research, Ispa – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research, Ispa – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
- FLU Pedagogy, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Teresa Mascarenhas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHSJ-EPE/Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pimenta
- William James Center for Research, Ispa – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
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McNally X, Webb TL, Smith C, Moss A, Gibson-Miller J. A meta-analysis of the effect of visiting zoos and aquariums on visitors' conservation knowledge, beliefs, and behavior. Conserv Biol 2024:e14237. [PMID: 38305648 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Zoos and aquariums are well placed to connect visitors with the issues facing biodiversity globally and many deliver interventions that seek to influence visitors' beliefs and behaviors with respect to conservation. However, despite primary studies evaluating the effect of such interventions, the overall effect of engaging with zoos and the factors that influence this effect remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the effect of zoo-led interventions on knowledge, beliefs (attitudes, intentions, self-efficacy, and social norms), and behavior among zoo visitors. These outcomes were identified using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical lens. We identified and described the nature of zoo-led interventions in 56 studies and used the behavior change technique (BCT) taxonomy to identify 6 specific BCTs used in interventions to date. Multilevel meta-analyses revealed a small to medium positive effect of engaging with zoo-led interventions on outcomes (d+ = 0.40, 95% confidence interval = 0.28-0.51). Specifically, visitors were more knowledgeable about conservation issues, held more favorable attitudes toward conservation, and reported being more likely to act for the benefit of biodiversity. No evidence of publication bias was present. Effect sizes were, however, heterogeneous and subgroup analyses revealed that the nature of the intervention or type of outcome did not explain this variance. Larger effects were, however, found in studies conducted at a single institution relative to research at multiple institutions and studies that used within-participant designs relative to between-participant designs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate how behavior change frameworks can be used to describe zoo-led interventions and supports the assertion that zoos and aquariums can promote changes in beliefs and behaviors that may help protect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas L Webb
- ICOSS building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Haddad D, Yu V, Chow R, Yanez D, Rajput K. A Survey Study of Surgeons and Anesthesiologists Regarding Perioperative Multimodal Analgesia for Opioid-Tolerant Patients. J Perianesth Nurs 2024; 39:87-92. [PMID: 37855765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perioperative pain management of opioid-tolerant patients can be challenging. Although regional anesthesia and multimodal analgesics may be beneficial, these modalities are often underused. It is unclear whether practice patterns for perioperative pain management are determined by the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of surgeons and anesthesiologists. DESIGN Descriptive survey. METHODS Using a Qualtrics survey, we polled a randomly selected group of 25 surgeons and 25 anesthesiologists regarding their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices for pain management in an opioid-tolerant patient. FINDINGS Of 25, 23 anesthesiologists and 18/25 surgeons responded to the survey. Demographics were similar between the 2 groups. Most of the participant surgeons and anesthesiologists believed that pain management may be challenging in an opioid-tolerant patient. However, only 56% of surgeons would recommend a preoperative pain consultation. Most surgeons and anesthesiologists believed in the efficacy of regional anesthetics. However, 43% of surgeons would not advocate for a regional block, perhaps due to their perception of the added perioperative time. Multimodal analgesics were widely accepted by both surgeons and anesthesiologists. CONCLUSIONS There is an urgent need to reinforce the importance of patient-centered care, with a specific focus on addressing knowledge gaps and improving perceptions for all the members of the team, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, and perioperative nursing teams, if optimal outcomes are to be achieved for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Haddad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Victor Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David Yanez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kanishka Rajput
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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16
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Luo X, Pan J, Jiang C, Li X, Li P. The influence of Chinese culture and customs on the beliefs and health-related behaviours of Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13234. [PMID: 38273651 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore the influence of Chinese culture and customs on the beliefs and health-related behaviours of Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This descriptive qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 Chinese women between November 2022 and January 2023. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Three major themes are found: (1) beliefs in health, (2) beliefs in illness and GDM and (3) beliefs in health-related behaviours. They worried about the negative effects of GDM on the infant and family, so they actively sought medical advice to maintain health. However, it is challenging for them to balance adhering to healthcare professionals' advice and avoiding practical difficulties in the impact of the Chinese sociocultural context. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the influence of Chinese culture and customs on the beliefs and health-related behaviours of women with GDM. Healthcare providers should recognize the influence of Chinese culture, customs and beliefs on women with GDM and their families, in order to provide individualized education to help them maintain health-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Luo
- Master of Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
- Nursing Department, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cailing Jiang
- Bachelor of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Obstetrics Department of The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Nursing Department, The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
- Master of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Bachelor of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Endocrinology Department of The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Fallatah AM, Fallatah AM, Hariri A, Alshadadi F, Al-Abbadi WS, Alsaad MS, Ghalimah B, Hamdi AS. Assessing Osteoporosis Knowledge and Beliefs Among Adults Living in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e53466. [PMID: 38440027 PMCID: PMC10911639 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge and beliefs about osteoporosis have been considered one of the vital parts of early prevention against it. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and beliefs toward osteoporosis using the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS) questionnaires among the public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to April 2019 among adults aged 15 years and above. A validated questionnaire was allocated electronically to the participants through social platforms (such as Twitterand WhatsApp) using a convenience sampling technique. RESULTS A total of 754 participants completed the questionnaire. The majority were females 481 (63.8%). A total of 34 (4.1%) have not heard about osteoporosis before. Respondents scored a total mean of 7.92±3.0for the OKAT questionnaire and a mean score of 126.74±22.38for the OHBS questionnaire. These two scores were significantly associated with age groups and gender (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Although there is a relative increase in the knowledge of our sample, the belief towardosteoporosis is evidently lower. Therefore, implementing educational programs that tackle belief perception and other preventive measures such as healthy eating habits, physical activities, and educational materials are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas M Fallatah
- Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Alaa M Fallatah
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz Hariri
- Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Marseille, FRA
| | - Faisal Alshadadi
- General Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Wid S Al-Abbadi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed S Alsaad
- Orthopedic Surgery, International Medical Center Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Bayan Ghalimah
- Orthopedic Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Amre S Hamdi
- Orthopedic Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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18
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Toska A, Latsou D, Paraskeuopoulou C, Fradelos E, Albani E, Milionis C, Geitona M, Papagiannis D, Saridi M. Knowledge and beliefs of Greek parents towards HPV infection and vaccination - are they willing to vaccinate their sons? Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 36:61-68. [PMID: 38353174 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV) stands as one of the prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and serves as the primary factor behind nearly all instances of cervical cancer, along with various other non-cancerous conditions like genital warts. Our objective was to explore the knowledge and beliefs of Greek parents regarding HPV infection and the vaccination of boys against HPV. METHODS A cross-sectional study took place at a university hospital located in the Peloponnese region of Greece, from January to June 2021. The study employed convenience sampling as its methodology, and data gathering involved the distribution of self-administered questionnaires to parents who had at least one son between the ages of 9 and 18 years. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 120 individuals. 65.8 % of parents have been informed about HPV vaccination, knew that the HPV vaccine provides immunity against genital warts (50 %), and that minimum of two doses is necessary (46.7 %). 30.8 % intended to vaccinate their boys against HPV if the vaccine were available for males. The most important reasons for vaccination were the perception that both genders share equal responsibility in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (91.7 %) and the protection against cancer (87.6 %), whereas the fear of adverse reactions and the adequate knowledge about HPV-related diseases were most reported as reasons of the intentions to not vaccinate their sons with 31.7 % and 25.8 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although parents participating in the study know about HPV, however, there are significant lack of knowledge regarding HPV infection and the vaccine effects, which can significantly affect the acceptance of vaccination for boys.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitra Latsou
- Department of Economics Business and Computer Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Pafos, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Eleni Albani
- Department of Nursing, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
| | | | - Mary Geitona
- Department of Social and Educational Policy, University of Peloponnese, Corinthos, Greece
| | | | - Maria Saridi
- Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Rees M, Spraker‐Perlman H, Moore R, Lavoie P, Schiff L, Allen JM, Rai P, Anghelescu DL. Patient and clinician beliefs about potential barriers to treatment of neuropathic pain for adolescents with sickle cell disease. EJHaem 2024; 5:11-20. [PMID: 38406507 PMCID: PMC10887355 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pain is the hallmark symptom causing morbidity for people with sickle cell disease (SCD) and may present as nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed type pain. Neuropathic pain (NP) is underrecognized and undertreated in patients with SCD and is associated with decreased patient-reported quality of life. Surveys were completed by clinicians caring for adolescents with SCD in the outpatient setting. SCD patients ages 1418 at increased risk of NP completed a patient-facing survey at a scheduled clinic visit. Ninety-four percent of responding clinicians agreed that NP significantly contributes to reported pain in SCD. Clinicians believed that NP medications are effective for reducing chronic pain (62%) and decreasing opioid utilization (44%). Clinician-identified barriers to prescribing NP medications included concerns about medication adherence (82%), lack of pediatric guidelines for NP medications (70%), and perceived patient concern about side effects (65%). More than 1/3 (35%) of clinicians reported that they were not comfortable managing NP medications. Clinician-identified barriers to referral to a pain management specialist included scheduling concerns (88%) and perceived patient/family lack of interest (77%). Most patients expressed willingness to take a medication for NP (78%), see a pain management specialist (84%), or learn more about nonpharmacologic interventions (72%), although most (51%) also reported some concerns about taking a medication for NP, citing insufficient knowledge (34%), and potential for side effects (32%). A minority of respondents (15%) worried about referral to a pain management specialist. Clinician and patient perspectives provide insights that may guide education efforts or other interventions to improve treatment of SCD-related NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Rees
- Department of OncologySt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Raechyl Moore
- Department of HematologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Paul Lavoie
- Department of HematologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Linda Schiff
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Allen
- Department of PsychologySt. Louis Children's HospitalSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Parul Rai
- Department of HematologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Doralina L. Anghelescu
- Department of Pediatric MedicineSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
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20
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Robinson L, Murray A, Mountjoy M, Wells J, Coughlan D, Glover D, Hembrough R, Scott F, Turner A, Bishop C. Practices and perceptions of strength and conditioning training in female golf: A cross-sectional survey study of high-level amateur players. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:270-280. [PMID: 38470315 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2328971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to ascertain an in-depth understanding of current practices and perceptions of S&C training in high-level amateur female golfers. A cross-sectional, explorative survey study was constructed which asked questions relating to four key areas: i) general participant information, ii) current strength and conditioning (S&C) practices, iii) the perceived influence of S&C training on golf performance, and iv) knowledge and awareness of S&C. Results showed that the majority of female players had participated in some form of S&C training in the past, with the majority believing that clubhead speed and carry distance were the primary golfing metrics which could be positively impacted. More specifically, 91-97% of the players "Strongly agreed" or "Agreed" that the key physical characteristics for golf were strength and power for the lower and upper body, and flexibility. Interestingly, 58% of the players believed that S&C training should mimic the movement of the golf swing, which based off current evidence, is not how drive metrics and ultimately shots gained, can be maximised. This survey study provides useful information relating to the practices and perceptions of S&C training in high-level female amateur players and areas where education may be able to further advance player understanding of physical preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Robinson
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Andrew Murray
- Department of Medical and Scientific, The R&A, St Andrews, UK
- Medical Department, Ladies European Tour, Uxbridge, UK
- European Tour Performance Institute, Surrey, UK
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- International Golf Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jack Wells
- The Professional Golfers' Association, National Training Academy, The Belfry, Sutton Coldfield, UK
- England Golf, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Dan Coughlan
- Department of Medical and Scientific, The R&A, St Andrews, UK
- Medical Department, Ladies European Tour, Uxbridge, UK
- European Tour Performance Institute, Surrey, UK
- England Golf, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Danny Glover
- Medical Department, Ladies European Tour, Uxbridge, UK
| | | | - Fiona Scott
- Medical Department, Ladies European Tour, Uxbridge, UK
- England Golf, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Anthony Turner
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Chris Bishop
- London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Scientific, The R&A, St Andrews, UK
- Medical Department, Ladies European Tour, Uxbridge, UK
- European Tour Performance Institute, Surrey, UK
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MacCormack JK, Bonar AS, Lindquist KA. Interoceptive beliefs moderate the link between physiological and emotional arousal during an acute stressor. Emotion 2024; 24:269-290. [PMID: 37498725 PMCID: PMC10818018 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Growing work suggests that interoception, that is, representations of one's internal bodily changes, plays a role in shaping emotional experiences. Past studies primarily examine how behavioral accuracy in detecting interoceptive signals (interoceptive ability) relates to emotional states, with less work examining self-reported interoceptive facets such as the characterizations of one's interoceptive abilities (interoceptive sensibility) or evaluative beliefs about the value versus danger of interoceptive signals (interoceptive beliefs). However, existing studies rarely examine physiological reactivity, behavioral, and self-reported dimensions of interoception together in the same sample. As such, it remains unclear whether and how much individual differences in interoceptive facets uniquely and in interaction with physiological reactivity may matter for emotional experience. Herein, 250 healthy young adults completed a heartbeat detection task assessing interoceptive ability and questionnaire measures of interoceptive sensibility and beliefs during an initial laboratory visit. At a follow-up session, 227 participants returned to undergo an acute psychosocial stressor. Measures of physiological arousal such as preejection period (PEP) and heart rate variability were acquired throughout the stressor with self-reported emotions acquired immediately after. Linear regressions revealed that greater sympathetic nervous system reactivity (i.e., PEP), poorer interoceptive ability (i.e., accuracy), and less positive interoceptive beliefs were related to more intense high arousal emotions during the stressor. Importantly, across models, interoceptive beliefs was the only interoceptive facet to moderate the concordance between physiological and emotional arousal. Implications for psychological theories of emotion, stress, and interoception are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrienne S Bonar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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22
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White I, Judd A, Castro H, Chappell E. Beliefs about antiretroviral therapy and their association with adherence in young people living with perinatal HIV in England: a cross-sectional analysis. AIDS Care 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38269578 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2300984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional analysis aimed to describe beliefs about antiretroviral therapy (ART) in young people living with perinatal HIV (PHIV) in England, and the association between these beliefs and adherence to ART. The Beliefs About Medicine Questionnaire (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy version), was used to measure participants' beliefs in the necessity of ("Necessity score") and concerns regarding ("Concerns score") ART. Participants were classified as having high/low total scores using midpoints of the score scales. Associations between beliefs and being Last Month Adherent (LMA; self-reported not missing more than 2 consecutive ART doses in the month prior to the interview) were analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Of 247 PHIV (median age = 18.6 years), 158 (64%) were LMA. 224 (91%) had a high Necessity score and 54 (22%) a high Concerns score. There was no association between high Necessity score and LMA in multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-5.28, p = 0.679); however, high Concerns score was independently associated with a reduced odds of being LMA (aOR = 0.19, CI = 0.07-0.47, p < 0.001). Interventions to address the concerns young people living with PHIV have about ART should be explored as a strategy to improve their adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona White
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, UCL, London, UK
| | - Ali Judd
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, UCL, London, UK
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Su S, Yu CCW, Cheing GLY, Chung RCK, Tsang SMH, Chan LL, Tang TWS, Cheung W, Lee QJ, Kwong PWH. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Knee Osteoarthritis Fears and Beliefs Questionnaire. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:310. [PMID: 38338195 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to adapt and validate the Knee Osteoarthritis Fears and Beliefs Questionnaire (KOFBeQ) for Chinese patients, thereby advancing the understanding of fear-avoidance behaviors. Adopting a cross-sectional design, data were collected for 241 subjects (78.8% women; mean age 68.0 ± 7.8 years) across various healthcare settings in Hong Kong. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in an 11-item questionnaire with three distinct subscales, covering fears and beliefs related to physicians and disease (six items), daily living activities (three items), and sports and leisure activities (two items). The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.86, indicating strong internal consistency. The questionnaire exhibited favorable convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a good model fit. Test-retest reliability analysis indicated a high intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.88, 0.96), and a Bland-Altman plot revealed a slight bias in two measurements (0.97 [0.19]) without a systematic trend. The adapted Chinese version of the KOFBeQ demonstrated robust psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability, providing an effective tool for surveying Chinese patients with knee osteoarthritis. These findings offer valuable insights for clinicians and patients, aiding in informed decision-making and improved rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Clare Chung-Wah Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Gladys Lai-Ying Cheing
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Chi-Keung Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sharon Man-Ha Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lok-Lok Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Winky Cheung
- Physiotherapy Department, Yan Chai Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Qunn Jid Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yan Chai Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Wai-Hang Kwong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Liew BXW, Darlow B. Exploring the complexity of commonly held attitudes and beliefs of low back pain-a network analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1327791. [PMID: 38327704 PMCID: PMC10847361 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1327791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The current study used a network analysis approach to explore the complexity of attitudes and beliefs held in people with and without low back pain (LBP). The study aimed to (1) quantify the adjusted associations between individual items of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ), and (2) identify the items with the strongest connectivity within the network. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of a previously published survey using the Back-PAQ (n = 602). A nonparametric Spearman's rank correlation matrix was used as input to the network analysis. We estimated an unregularised graphical Gaussian model (GGM). Edges were added or removed in a stepwise manner until the extended Bayesian information criterion (EBIC) did not improve. We assessed three measures of centrality measures of betweenness, closeness, and strength. Results The two pairwise associations with the greatest magnitude of correlation were between Q30-Q31 [0.54 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.60)] and Q15-Q16 [0.52 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.61)]. These two relationships related to the association between items exploring the influence of attentional focus and expectations (Q30-Q31), and feelings and stress (Q15-Q16). The three items with the greatest average centrality values, were Q22, Q25, and Q10. These items reflect beliefs about damaging the back, exercise, and activity avoidance, respectively. Conclusion Beliefs about back damage, exercise, and activity avoidance are factors most connected to all other beliefs within the network. These three factors may represent candidate targets that clinicians can focus their counseling efforts on to manage unhelpful attitudes and beliefs in people experiencing LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard X. W. Liew
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Darlow
- Department of Primary Healthcare and General Practice, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Naicker K. Noise-induced hearing loss and hearing protection: Attitudes at a South African coal mine. S Afr J Commun Disord 2024; 71:e1-e12. [PMID: 38299534 PMCID: PMC10839152 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative attitudes and beliefs are major contributing factors to the rising numbers of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) cases in coal mines both locally and internationally. International literature confirms limited knowledge surrounding employees' attitudes and beliefs regarding NIHL and hearing protection devices (HPDs), hence the need for the study. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the attitudes and beliefs about NIHL and HPD use among employees at a large scale underground coal mine in Mpumalanga. METHOD A descriptive and exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) on Beliefs about Hearing Protection and Hearing Loss (BHPHL). Participants (n = 241) included employees from a coal mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa. RESULTS Out of 241 completed surveys, this study found that 84% were aware of when to replace earmuffs; 95% believed wearing HPDs could prevent hearing loss in noisy environments; 83% felt their hearing was impacted by loud noise. Additionally, 86% mentioned discomfort from earmuff pressure; 95% emphasised HPD importance; and 95% used HPDs around loud sounds. Moreover, 98% knew how to properly wear earplugs, while lower education levels were linked to higher susceptibility to NIHL. CONCLUSION The study identified positive attitudes towards NIHL and HPD use, but existing NIHL cases must be acknowledged. Organisations can use the findings to develop tailored hearing conservation programmes (HCP), including education, involving employees in protection decisions and promoting diligent HPD usage.Contribution: This study contributes to the limited literature on noise perceptions, NIHL, and HPD use in mining, emphasising the impact attitude has on HPD use and assessing the effect of miners NIHL knowledge on compliance. The findings, unique to coal mining, hold significance for enhancing hearing conservation and reducing NIHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Naicker
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
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Koloi-Keaikitse S, Kasule M, Kwape I, Jankie D, Ralefala D, Ntseane DM, Mokone GG. Understanding cultural values, norms and beliefs that may impact participation in genome-editing related research: Perspectives of local communities in Botswana. Dev World Bioeth 2024. [PMID: 38205946 DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Gene-editing research is a complex science and foreign in most communities including Botswana. Adopting a qualitative deliberative framework with 109 participants from 7 selected ethnic communities in Botswana, we explored the perceptions of local communities on cultural values, norms, and beliefs that may motivate or deter likely participation in the use of gene-editing related research. What emerged as the ethnic community's motivators for research participation include the potential for gene-editing technologies to promote access to individualized medications, and the possibility of protecting family members from genetic related diseases. Deterrents for research participation include cultural values such as implications of lineage for chieftainship, trust, fear or anxiety, uncertainty, and sensitivity on the use of gene-editing. Findings of our study have implications for continuous engagement with local communities to explore potential ways of addressing cultural sensitivities that can further deter their participation in future gene-editing related research.
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Coelho J, Rey M, Labonne A, Adan A, Taillard J, Geoffroy PA, Cugy D, Dakar A, Philip P, Poirot I, Royant-Parola S, Hartley S, Vecchierini MF, Micoulaud-Franchi JA. Better characterizing sleep beliefs for personalized sleep health promotion: the French sleep beliefs scale validation study. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1293045. [PMID: 38274535 PMCID: PMC10808670 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1293045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS) is a well-known tool to design and monitor personalized sleep health promotion at an individual and population level. The lack of an established French version limits the development of effective interventions targeting these populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the French version of the SBS in a representative sample of the general population. Methods Quota sampling was used to recruit 1,004 participants (18-65 years, mean age: 43 years, 54% of female) who underwent an online survey to complete the SBS, and to assess sleep schedules, sleep quality and disorders, and mental health. Cronbach's α coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, item-internal consistency (IIC), and item discriminant validity (IDV) of the SBS were computed to assess internal validity while bivariate associations with sleep schedules, sleep quality and disorders, and mental health were used to assess external convergent and discriminant validity. Results The mean score on the SBS was 12.3 ± 4.9. Item 19 ("Quiet & Dark") showed the highest rate of correct answers (n = 801, 79.8%), while item 20 ("Recovering sleep") showed the lowest rate of correct answers (n = 246, 24.5%). Overall, the SBS showed satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.87) and confirmed the three-factor structure proposed by the original study. All items were found consistent (IIC > 0.4) and discriminant (IIC > IDV) except for item 20 ("recovering lost sleep by sleeping for a long time"). Females, older participants, and subjects with short time-in-bed, poor sleep quality, insomnia, and circadian rhythm disorder had higher SBS scores while participants with depressive symptoms had lower SBS scores. Conclusion We successfully translated and validated the French version of the SBS in a representative sample, making it a reliable instrument for researchers and clinicians to assess and target sleep beliefs. Correct answers vary from 25 to 80% which underlines the importance of continuing sleep health promotion campaigns by targeting poorly understood behaviors. Our findings also shed light on the fickleness of beliefs that are prone to vary within individuals across time, in step with societal changes. Several associated factors were identified, thus contributing to our understanding of sleep beliefs and offering insights for personalized approaches to enhance sleep health and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Coelho
- University Sleep Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Rey
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | | | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacques Taillard
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre-Alexis Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- GHU Paris-Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Didier Cugy
- University Sleep Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dakar
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
- Clinique Médicale et Cardiologique d’Aressy, Aressy, France
| | - Pierre Philip
- University Sleep Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Poirot
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
- Service de médecine physique et réadaptation pédiatrique, hospices civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Sylvie Royant-Parola
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
- Réseau Morphée, Garches, France
| | - Sarah Hartley
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Sleep Center, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Garches, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Vecchierini
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi
- University Sleep Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University Hospital of Bordeaux, CNRS, SANPSY, UMR 6033, Bordeaux, France
- Institut National du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
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Taresh SM, Morett LM, Zaid SM, Roslan S, Taresh Taleb M, Song P, Ahmad NA, Noman S. Preschool teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy concerning autism: A parallel mixed-methods study of an intervention to improve autism identification. Autism 2024; 28:239-253. [PMID: 37982401 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231211850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Preschool teachers can play a critical role in early detection of autism. Equipping preschool teachers with prerequisite knowledge and skills would allow them to identify children with probable autism and referral to diagnostic services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational module (EMiASD) that prepared preschool teachers to identify autism symptoms. The sample included 144 preschool teachers, of which 120 were stratified and randomly assigned to an intervention arm receiving training in EMiASD (n = 60) or a comparison arm receiving standard training (n = 60) using a parallel mixed-methods design. Responses to open-ended questions about video case studies revealed improvement in the identification of autism symptoms in preschool teachers in the intervention arm, in contrast to preschool teachers in the comparison arm. Moreover, significant changes in knowledge, belief, and self-efficacy about autism favoured EMiASD. Overall, these results demonstrate the influence of EMiASD in the Yemeni cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pu Song
- Guiyang Preschool Education College, China
| | | | - Sarah Noman
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Kimiywe J, Craig H, Agyapong A, Thorne‐Lyman A, Matsisa P, Kiige L, Codjia P, Rudert C, Katua S, Wambu R, Samburu B, Kamudoni P, Chimanya K, Nordhagen S. Diets of infants and young children in two counties of Kenya: Key drivers and barriers to improvement. Matern Child Nutr 2024; 20 Suppl 3:e13334. [PMID: 36468358 PMCID: PMC10782136 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are influenced by many context-specific factors related to local food systems as well as social and cultural practices. Understanding these local contextual perspectives is essential for designing effective programs and policies. This paper uses focused ethnographic study methods to examine challenges experienced by mothers related to IYCF in two counties in Kenya, a country with considerable heterogeneity in agriculture, food systems, and cultures. A two-phase qualitative study was undertaken in each of Kilifi County and West Pokot County, entailing interviews and rating activities with mothers, health workers, and vendors. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English, coded, and analysed by topic. Results show low levels of dietary diversity in both counties; in West Pokot, the level of adequate meal frequency is also low. Core foods in young child diets included maize porridge and family foods such as ugali (stiff maize porridge), vegetables, beans, fish, and plantains. Food safety, acceptability, and acquisition ease were the main drivers of food choice. Mothers generally felt that all core foods fed to young children are healthy and safe, but there was more variability regarding child acceptance, acquisition ease, cost, and convenience. Common barriers to feeding nutrient-dense foods to children included child illness, economic constraints, and limited knowledge of modification strategies, skills, or tools to make the foods suitable for young children. Potential actions to address these barriers include sharing information on child-appropriate recipes; raising awareness on local, affordable nutrient-dense foods; and improving WASH practices to reduce illness frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kimiywe
- Department of Food, Nutrition and DieteticsKenyatta University School of Public Health and Applied Human SciencesNairobiKenya
| | - Hope Craig
- Department of International HealthCenter for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Abigail Agyapong
- College of Agriculture and Life SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Thorne‐Lyman
- Department of International HealthCenter for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of International HealthCenter for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Patrick Matsisa
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya
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Struyf N, Vanwing T, Jacquet W, Ho-A-Tham N, Dankaerts W. What do we know about Indigenous Peoples with low back pain around the world? A topical review. Scand J Pain 2024; 24:sjpain-2023-0114. [PMID: 38497253 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2023-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) represents a worldwide burden with rising disability, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Indigenous Peoples are exposed to many risk factors for LBP and seem to have overall worse health and higher mortality compared to non-Indigenous. This article aims to provide a topical overview of LBP in Indigenous Peoples. METHODS A comprehensive search was done using the keywords "Indigenous" and "back pain." Secondly, a cross-reference search of the citations list of the included articles was conducted. RESULTS LBP is a prevalent, disabling health condition among Indigenous Peoples that impacts activities of daily living, emotional well-being, and cultural identity. Indigenous Peoples face numerous and unique barriers to obtain Western health care. LBP in Indigenous Peoples is partly iatrogenic and available health care lacks a culturally secure setting. In combination with racism and discrimination by health care providers, this leads to miscommunication, frustration, and poor outcome in Indigenous patients around the world. CONCLUSION Contextual considerations and interpretation of findings within the appropriate cultural context are needed in future research and treatment of LBP in Indigenous Peoples. However, our literature analysis exhibits disproportionate representation with the scarcity of studies of Indigenous Peoples of Asia and Africa. Addressing this gap in the literature could provide significant scientific value. Indigenous Peoples should not be forgotten in reducing the global burden for LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Struyf
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Onderzoeksgroep Musculoskeletale Revalidatie, Tervuursevest 101 - Bus 1501, 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Tom Vanwing
- Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Jacquet
- Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Oral Health Sciences ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nancy Ho-A-Tham
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Wim Dankaerts
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Parsamand T, Zarani F, Panaghi L, Kwok C. Conceptualization of Breast Cancer and Attitudes toward Breast Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study on Iranian and Australian Women. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:34-43. [PMID: 37982678 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2283866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular screening can lead to early diagnosis of breast cancer. Australia is one of the countries with a high rate of participation in breast cancer screening, while in Iran, most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages. This qualitative study used a thematic analysis method to examine the attitudes and beliefs of Iranian and Australian women toward breast cancer and breast cancer screening. METHOD In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Iranian and seven Australian women. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis with an inferential approach. RESULTS According to the results, four main themes were extracted for the perceptions of breast cancer, including "the meaning of breast cancer", "causes of breast cancer", "prevention of breast cancer" and "effects of significant people in life". Considering the perceptions of breast cancer screening, three themes were identified, including "beliefs about breast cancer screening," "sources of information about breast cancer screening," and "barriers to breast cancer screening." CONCLUSION Cultural and social factors influence women's perceptions of breast cancer and screening. Therefore, investigating the cultural meaning of breast cancer and breast cancer screening for women can be useful for screening and prevention purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Parsamand
- Ph.D. Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Zarani
- Ph.D. Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Panaghi
- Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cannas Kwok
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Mastrogiovanni N, Byrow Y, Nickerson A. The Development and Validation of a Measure of Mental Health, Help-Seeking Beliefs in Arabic-Speaking Refugees. Assessment 2023:10731911231220482. [PMID: 38159035 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231220482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite reporting elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), refugees are less likely than other groups to seek psychological treatment. Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of negative help-seeking beliefs in influencing treatment uptake. The current study sought to develop and psychometrically validate a novel measure indexing negative help-seeking beliefs for refugees (Help-Seeking Beliefs Scale [HSBS]). In this study, 262 Arabic-speaking refugee participants completed an online survey consisting of the HSBS along with measures indexing similar constructs (self-stigma of PTSD and help-seeking, perceived stigma, negative help-seeking attitudes, and help-seeking intentions). Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure aligning with key themes identified in the literature: (a) Fear of Negative Consequences, (b) Inappropriateness, and (c) Perceived Necessity. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent validity, and predicted reduced help-seeking intentions. Results support the utility of a novel measure capturing a prominent help-seeking barrier in a population with high psychopathology and low treatment uptake.
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Hill K, Hug S, Smith A, O’Sullivan P. The Role of Illness Perceptions in Dyspnoea-Related Fear in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 13:200. [PMID: 38202207 PMCID: PMC10780095 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dyspnoea is often the most distressing symptom described by people with a chronic respiratory condition. The traditional biomedical model of neuromechanical uncoupling that explains the physiological basis for dyspnoea is well accepted. However, in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), measures that are linked with neuromechanical uncoupling are poorly related to the restriction in activity during daily life attributed to dyspnoea. This suggests that activity restriction that results from dyspnoea is influenced by factors other than expiratory airflow limitation and dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation, such as the ways people perceive, interpret and respond to this sensation. This review introduces the common-sense model as a framework to understand the way an individual's lay beliefs surrounding sensations can lead to these sensations being perceived as a health threat and how this impacts their emotional and behavioural responses. The aim is to provide insight into the nuances that can shape an individual's personal construct of dyspnoea and offer practical suggestions to challenge unhelpful beliefs and facilitate cognitive re-structuring as a pathway to reduce distress and optimise health behaviours and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Hill
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Sarah Hug
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (P.O.)
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Perth Hospital, Victoria Square, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Anne Smith
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Peter O’Sullivan
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (S.H.); (A.S.); (P.O.)
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Yuen AWH, Sang JM, Wang L, Barath J, Lachowsky NJ, Lal A, Elefante J, Hart TA, Skakoon-Sparling S, Grey C, Grace D, Cox J, Lambert G, Noor SW, Apelian H, Parlette A, Card KG, Hull MW, Jollimore J, Moore DM. Attitudes of Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (GBM) toward Their Use of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Relation to Reducing Use in Three Canadian Cities. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:278-290. [PMID: 37867395 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2269577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored attitudes of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) toward their amphetamine-use and associations with reduced use over time. METHODS We recruited sexually-active GBM aged 16+ years in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Canada, from 02-2017 to 08-2019, with follow-up visits every 6-12 months until November 2020. Among participants who reported past-six-month (P6M) amphetamine-use at enrollment, we used logistic regression to identify demographic, psychological, social, mental health, other substance-use, and behavioral factors associated with reporting needing help reducing their substance-use. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to model reduced P6M amphetamine-use with perceived problematic-use as our primary explanatory variable. RESULTS We enrolled 2,449 GBM across sites. 15.5-24.7% reported P6M amphetamine-use at enrollment and 82.6 - 85.7% reported needing no help or only a little help in reducing their substance use. Reporting needing a lot/of help or completely needing help in reducing substance-use was associated with group sex participation (AOR = 2.35, 95%CI:1.25-4.44), greater anxiety symptomatology (AOR = 2.11, 95%CI:1.16-3.83), greater financial strain (AOR = 1.35, 95%CI:1.21-1.50), and greater Escape Motive scores (AOR = 1.07, 95%CI:1.03-1.10). Reductions in P6M amphetamine-use were less likely among GBM who perceived their amphetamine-use as problematic (AOR = 0.17 95% CI 0.10 - 0.29). CONCLUSIONS Most amphetamine-using GBM did not feel they needed help reducing their substance use, and many reported reduced amphetamine-use at subsequent visits. Those who perceived their use as problematic were less likely to reduce their use. Further interventions to assist GBM in reducing their use are needed to assist those who perceive their use as problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan M Sang
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justin Barath
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allan Lal
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Trevor A Hart
- Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Cox
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Lambert
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Syed W Noor
- Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Herak Apelian
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kiffer G Card
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mark W Hull
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - David M Moore
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kołtuniuk A, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J. Beliefs about Medicines and the Level of Intentional Non-Adherence to Treatment among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with First-Line Drugs. J Clin Med 2023; 13:182. [PMID: 38202189 PMCID: PMC10779660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. MS has no curable disease but drug modifying therapy (DMT) can delay the long-term disability progression of the disease. The effectiveness of MS treatment depends on the patient's adherence to therapy. AIM This study evaluated the level of intentional non-adherence and the relationship between beliefs about medication and the level of intentional non-adherence to treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A group of 146 patients with relapsing-remitting MS were included. To assess different aspect of adherence, the Intentional Non-Adherence Scale (INAS) was used. For evaluating patients' beliefs and opinions regarding medication, the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) was used. RESULTS The mean total INAS score was 51.41 ± 27.83 points. Patients were most concerned about the necessity to take medication and least concerned about the harm caused by medication. The overuse and harm domains of the BMQ were significantly correlated with INAS scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Independent determinant of intentional non-adherence was overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kołtuniuk
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Medina MS. Nine steps for writing an evidence-based precepting philosophy. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023:zxad340. [PMID: 38150574 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Medina
- University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Farag D, Akpede N, Waterson H, Asogun D, Faustina Funmilayo B, Nnadi C, Azi M, Achioyamen O, Achioyamen D, Sahu A, Verma A, Williams G. The impact of education level on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:i63-i70. [PMID: 38127562 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For effective Public Health measures, factors that influence Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) need to be understood. In this paper, we document the relationship between levels of education on the KAP towards COVID-19 among the population of Edo State, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional KAP questionnaire was delivered across 13 communities. The study population was dichotomized into those who had or had not completed secondary education. Chi-square tests were conducted to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Of the 538 participants, 30% had completed secondary education. Those with secondary education were significantly more likely to recognize symptoms of COVID-19 (P < 0.001). For attitudes, only one option showed a statistically significant association with 78.4% of those who did not complete secondary education having a high confidence in the church compared with 66% of those who had (P = 0.022). For practices, those who have completed secondary education practiced all of the supplied measures more than those who had not, except for taking herbal supplements. DISCUSSION Higher levels of education impacts on knowledge and practices but has less impact on attitudes regarding how well certain individuals/organizations can handle the pandemic. Findings highlighted the importance of tailoring public health communication and strategies to local populations to improve the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Farag
- The University of Manchester Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, the University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Nosa Akpede
- Precious Gems Africa, HOD, Public Health Department, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Hannah Waterson
- The University of Manchester, Epidemiology and Public Health Group (EPHG), Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Danny Asogun
- Precious Gems Africa, Precious Gems, Public Health Department, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Blackie Faustina Funmilayo
- Precious Gems Africa, Precious Gems, Public Health Department, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Chinelo Nnadi
- Precious Gems Africa, Precious Gems, Public Health Department, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Azi
- Precious Gems Africa, Precious Gems, Public Health Department, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Anjana Sahu
- The University of Manchester, Epidemiology and Public Health Group (EPHG), Heavitree Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Arpana Verma
- University of Manchester, Clinical Epideniology and Public Health Unit, Manchester, UK
| | - Greg Williams
- The University of Manchester, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Manchester, UK
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Schimmel-Bristow A, Boone DM, McDonald WC, Joy LN, Sobalvarro SE, Capobianco J, Stuckey A, Wasilewski S, Faith MA. Etiology Beliefs About Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (EB-SGM): Validation with College Students, Community Adults, and Pediatric Healthcare Providers. J Homosex 2023:1-26. [PMID: 38117910 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2275300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth are at risk for adverse health outcomes because of stigma and discrimination exposure. Individuals' beliefs about the biological origin of SGM identity are linked to their negative attitudes and biases against SGM populations, which can also apply to pediatric healthcare providers. The current study outlines validation of the Etiology Beliefs about Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (EB-SGM) scale, a 12-item measure designed to assess adults' beliefs about youths' biological versus environmental SGM etiology. College students (N = 285; study 1), community adults (N = 258; study 2), and pediatric providers (N = 104; study 3) completed the EB-SGM and other self-report measures. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in study 1 revealed a three-factor structure: beliefs about gender nonconforming behavior, beliefs about gender identity, and beliefs about sexual attraction/behavior. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in study 2 suggested a bi-factor structure, which was replicated in study 3. The EB-SGM demonstrated adequate concurrent and discriminant validity. We also examined bivariate correlations between etiology beliefs and sociodemographic characteristics across samples. Findings indicate that EB-SGM is a psychometrically sound instrument to measure adults' etiology beliefs. The EB-SGM has the potential to be used as a screening measure to enhance pediatric healthcare providers' SGM training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Schimmel-Bristow
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Dianna M Boone
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Wade C McDonald
- North Texas Adolescent and Young Adult Psychology, PLLC, Plano, Texas, USA
| | - Lendi N Joy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah E Sobalvarro
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julianna Capobianco
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Aubrianna Stuckey
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Serena Wasilewski
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa Anne Faith
- Center for Behavioral Health, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Sağtaş F, Gürsoy MY. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination among male nurses. Int J Nurs Pract 2023:e13228. [PMID: 38113644 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of male nurses towards human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination and to examine whether knowledge about the HPV vaccine affects attitudes and beliefs about HPV vaccines. BACKGROUND HPV is responsible for ≈5% of all cancers worldwide. Therefore, vaccination against HPV is recommended to prevent HPV infections and HPV-related cancers in men and women. METHODS The study group included 383 male nurses who were asked to complete online questionnaires. The data were collected using the following tools: a sociodeomographical characteristics form, the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (HPVKS), and The Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (CHIAS). RESULTS It was determined that the general HPV knowledge of the male nurses participating in the study was at a moderate level, but their knowledge of HPV screening test, HPV vaccination, and current HPV vaccination programmes were at a low level. Male nurses' HPV vaccination rates were relatively low, and most of them did not intend to be vaccinated. In addition, CHIAS Attitudes and Beliefs scores of the male nurses were at an average level and HPV knowledge affected the attitudes and beliefs of the nurses. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate an opportunity to improve information and awareness about HPV and vaccines by nursing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Sağtaş
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Yalçın Gürsoy
- Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Ayanto SY, Belachew Lema T, Wordofa MA. Women's and health professionals' perceptions, beliefs and barriers to cervical cancer screening uptake in Southern Ethiopia: a qualitative study. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2023; 31:2258477. [PMID: 37812407 PMCID: PMC10563609 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2258477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a public health problem worldwide. Screening for cervical cancer is poorly implemented in resource-limited settings. In Ethiopia, evidence from the community and health professionals regarding implementation of the screening programme is lacking. The objective of this study was to explore women's and health professionals' perceptions, beliefs, and barriers in relation to cervical screening in Southern Ethiopia. Five focus group discussions among women and six key informant interviews with health professionals were conducted from June to July 2022 to gather the required data from a total of 42 participants. The participants were purposively selected from a diverse group to ensure varied viewpoints. Data were collected through group discussions and face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. The interview sessions were tape-recorded. The data were analysed using a thematic approach. Women demonstrated a low level of awareness and perceived risk. Also, the perceived benefit of screening for cervical cancer during healthy periods was low. Individual and system-level barriers to screening include low awareness, stigma, poor perceptions towards health screening and causes of cervical cancer, low risk perception and competing domestic priorities, shortage of trained human and other resources, human resource turnover, low implementation and lack of close follow-up of screening programmes. In summary, lack of awareness, misconceptions, and poor perceptions were common. Screening implementation and uptake were low due to individual, psychosocial, and system-related barriers. Therefore, behavioural change communication and system-strengthening efforts need to be in place to effectively tackle the observed gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Yohannes Ayanto
- Assistant Professor, Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew Lema
- Professor, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Muluemebet Abera Wordofa
- Associate Professor, Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tomás JM, Yupanqui-Lorenzo DE, Valencia PD, Carbajal-León C, Vilca LW, Ventura-León J, Paredes-Angeles R, Arias Gallegos WL, Reyes-Bossio M, Delgado-Campusano M, Gallegos M, Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Cervigni M, Martino P, Lobos-Rivera ME, Moreta-Herrera R, Palacios Segura DA, Samaniego-Pinho A, Buschiazzo Figares A, Puerta-Cortés DX, Camargo A, Torales J, Monge Blanco JA, González P, Smith-Castro V, Petzold-Rodriguez O, Corrales-Reyes IE, Calderón R, Matute Rivera WY, Ferrufino-Borja D, Ceballos-Vásquez P, Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia A, Palacios J, Burgos-Videla C, Florez León AME, Vergara I, Vega D, Shulmeyer MK, Barria-Asenjo NA, Urrutia Rios HT, Lira Lira AE. Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19, Conspiracy Beliefs About Vaccines and Intention to Vaccinate Against COVID-19: A Cross-National Indirect Effect Model in 13 Latin American Countries. Eval Health Prof 2023; 46:371-383. [PMID: 37439361 PMCID: PMC10345832 DOI: 10.1177/01632787231186621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the predictive capacity of fear of COVID-19 on the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and the influence in this relationship of conspiracy beliefs as a possible mediating psychological variable, in 13 Latin American countries. A total of 5779 people recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling participated. To collect information, we used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Vaccine conspiracy beliefs Scale-COVID-19 and a single item of intention to vaccinate. A full a priori Structural Equation Model was used; whereas, cross-country invariance was performed from increasingly restricted structural models. The results indicated that, fear of COVID-19 positively predicts intention to vaccinate and the presence of conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines. The latter negatively predicted intention to vaccinate against COVID-19. Besides, conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 vaccines had an indirect effect on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the 13 countries assessed. Finally, the cross-national similarities of the mediational model among the 13 participating countries are strongly supported. The study is the first to test a cross-national mediational model across variables in a large number of Latin American countries. However, further studies with other countries in other regions of the world are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, España
| | | | - Pablo D. Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlanepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Rubí Paredes-Angeles
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Programa de Pós-graduação de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Comportamiento (LICIC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Andrés Camargo
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Torales
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Vanessa Smith-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | | | - Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, Bayamo, Cuba
| | - Raymundo Calderón
- Colegio Estatal de Psicólogos en Intervención de Jalisco A.C. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Daniela Ferrufino-Borja
- Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Paula Ceballos-Vásquez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Agueda Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Escuela de Postgrado, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jorge Palacios
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Burgos-Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | | | - Ibeth Vergara
- Asociación Panameña de Psicólogos, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Diego Vega
- Escuela de Psicologia, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marion K. Shulmeyer
- Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
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Alshammari F, Sim J, Mcerlean G, Lapkin S. Registered Nurses' beliefs about end-of-life care: A mixed method study. Nurs Open 2023; 10:7796-7810. [PMID: 37846434 PMCID: PMC10643821 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine registered nurses' (RNs) behavioural, normative and control beliefs about end-of-life care for patients who are diagnosed with advanced and life-limiting illnesses; and to identify the barriers and facilitators they experience when providing end-of-life care. DESIGN A sequential explanatory mixed methods study. METHOD An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Care for Terminally Ill Patient tool among 1293 RNs working across five hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Online individual semi-structured interviews with a subgroup of survey respondents were then undertaken. Data were collected between October 2020 to February 2021. RESULTS A total of 415 RNs completed the online survey, with 16 of them participating in individual interviews. Over half of the participants expressed the belief that end-of-life care is most efficiently delivered through multidisciplinary team collaboration. The majority of participants also believed that discussing end-of-life care with patients or families leads to feelings of hopelessness. Paradoxically, the study revealed that more than half of the participants held the negative belief that patients at the end of life should optimally receive a combination of both curative and palliative care services. The results showed that nurses' beliefs were significantly associated with their age, religion, ward type, level of education and frequency of providing end-of-life care. Data from the qualitative interviews identified four themes that explored RNs' beliefs and its related factors. The four themes were 'holistic care', 'diversity of beliefs', 'dynamics of truth-telling' and 'experiences of providing end-of-life care.' IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Wherever possible, patients at the end-of-life should be cared for in specialist settings by multidisciplinary teams to ensure effective, high-quality care. Where this is not possible, organisations should ensure that teams of multidisciplinary staff, including nurses, receive education and resources to support end-of-life care in non-specialist settings. Hospitals that employ foreign-trained nurses should consider providing targeted education to enhance their cultural competence and reduce the impact of different beliefs on end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Alshammari
- School of NursingUniversity of WollongongNew South WalesWollongongAustralia
- College of Applied Medical SciencesUniversity of Hafr Al BatinHafr Al BatinKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenny Sim
- School of NursingUniversity of WollongongNew South WalesWollongongAustralia
- School of Nursing & MidwiferyUniversity of NewcastleNew South WalesCallaghanAustralia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nursing, Midwifery & Health DevelopmentUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Gemma Mcerlean
- School of NursingUniversity of WollongongNew South WalesWollongongAustralia
| | - Samuel Lapkin
- School of NursingUniversity of WollongongNew South WalesWollongongAustralia
- Discipline of Nursing, Faculty of HealthSouthern Cross University, Gold Coast CampusNew South WalesLismoreAustralia
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Drum EE, Kovats A, Jones MD, Dennis S, Naylor J, Mills K, Thom JM. Creaky knees: Is there a reason for concern? A qualitative study of the perspectives of people with knee crepitus. Musculoskeletal Care 2023; 21:1114-1124. [PMID: 37341878 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Crepitus is a feature of osteoarthritis that may affect one's participation in exercise. An informed understanding is required of the perceptions that people have of their knee crepitus and how it affects their exercise behaviours. This study aims to investigate the role that crepitus may play in beliefs about exercise and knee health. METHODS Focus group and individual interviews were conducted online with participants who had knee crepitus. The transcripts were thematically analysed through an inductive approach. RESULTS Five main themes were identified from 24 participants: (1) individual variation of, (2) occurrence of, (3) meaning of knee crepitus, (4) attitudes and exercise behaviours regarding crepitus, and (5) knowledge deficits and needs concerning crepitus during exercise. The variety of crepitus sounds described occurred with a range of exercises or after inactivity. For those already with osteoarthritis or other symptoms, crepitus was of less concern than symptoms such as pain. Most participants had not ceased exercise but may have modified movement due to crepitus and associated symptoms; some had increased intentional strength training to try alleviating it. Participants agreed that more understanding about the processes causing crepitus and what exercise was safe for knee health would be beneficial. CONCLUSION Crepitus does not appear to be a major cause of concern for people who experience it. However, it is a factor that influences exercise behaviours as is pain. If health professionals could guide people with concerns about their crepitus, they may be more confident in exercising to benefit their joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise E Drum
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandre Kovats
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew D Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Dennis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justine Naylor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Orthopaedic Department, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Mills
- Department of Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeanette M Thom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Porto M, Marôco J, Mascarenhas T, Pimenta F. Beliefs and strategies about urinary incontinence: a possible moderation role between symptoms and sexual function, and quality of life. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1252471. [PMID: 38098533 PMCID: PMC10720902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1252471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary Incontinence (UI) has numerous repercussions in women's lives, and it is underreported/underdiagnosed. Objective The present study aimed to understand: (1) the differences between women with and without urine loss regarding Quality of Life (QoL) and Sexual Function (SF); (2) the possible moderation role of UI-related beliefs and strategies on the relationship between UI-symptom severity and SF and QoL, in women with UI. Methods Cross-sectional Design. Participants: Primary aim: Overall, 2,578 women aged 40-65 (Mage = 49.94, DPage = 6.76) were collected online. Secondary aim: 1,538 women who self-reported having urine loss occasionally/frequently (Mage = 50.19, DPage = 6.58). All data analyses were done with IBM SPSS Statistics and R statistical system 4.0 through RStudio. Statistical Path analysis was performed with the lavaan package to study the hypothetical association and moderating effects between the variables. Results Primary aim: women without UI had a better SF [t(2576) = 3.13, p = 0.002; 95% C.I., 0.18 to 0.80] and QoL [t(2576) = 7.71, p < 0.001; 95% C.I., 3.14 to 5.28] than their counterparts with UI. Secondary aim: UI-related coping strategies attenuated the impact of UI-symptom severity on SF(β = -0.07; p = 0.041); the more dysfunctional the UI-related beliefs were, the poorer QoL was (β = -0.06; p = 0.031); the more frequent the UI-related hiding/defensive strategies were, the poorer QoL was (β = -0.26; p < 0.001). Discussion Limitations: online data collection, which thwarted the clarification of participants, if needed; absence of a UI medical diagnosis (only self-reported measures were used). Strengths and practical implications: (i) the crucial role of UI-related beliefs and strategies in the QoL of women with UI; (ii) the impact that UI-concealing/defensive strategies have in attenuating the impact of UI-symptom severity on SF, which might be perceived as a short-term benefit and hence contribute to maintaining the UI condition and constitute a barrier to help-seeking, (iii) impact of UI-symptom severity on QoL and SF (including a comparison group entailing women without UI, which is scarcely used); and (iv) the use of gold-standard and psychometrically robust instruments. Conclusion Changing dysfunctional UI-related beliefs and strategies in clinical settings may improve the QoL; UI-concealing strategies may reinforce themselves by immediate effects on SF, but are not functional in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Porto
- William James Center for Research, Ispa – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research, Ispa – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
- FLU Pedagogy, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Teresa Mascarenhas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHSJ-EPE/Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pimenta
- William James Center for Research, Ispa – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ahuja A, Duggal M, Liu JY, Sharma P, Hosapatna Basavarajappa D, Bagga R, El Ayadi AM, Kankaria A, Kumar V, Singh P, Diamond-Smith NG. A qualitative study to understand sociocultural beliefs around perinatal and neonatal health in rural areas of Mohali, Punjab, India. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1147762. [PMID: 38099272 PMCID: PMC10720706 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1147762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globally, 600,000 mothers (15-49 years) die every year due to pregnancy and childbirth-related complications. Wide variations are seen in cultural practices and beliefs surrounding this period of a woman's life. The present study explores the cultural beliefs and practices of women and families during pregnancy and the postnatal period in order to understand what behavioral management strategies are required to improve maternal and infant outcomes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Methods The study was conducted in a rural area of Punjab, from December 2019 to March 2021. A total of 20 women (up to 3 months postpartum, age >18 years, were interviewed. Results In general, women described eating varied and fairly healthy diets during pregnancy, especially nutritious warm food, following traditional practices. Other cultural practices included restrictions on movement and mobile phone use and the use of unsafe home remedies to promote infant safety and wellbeing, such as using gripe water, applying black pencil to the baby's eyes, and feeding the baby honey. A few were not inclined to engage with these and other cultural expectations, preferring instead to follow contemporary practices influenced by social media. These practices included being accompanied by a family member during delivery, celebrating the baby's birth regardless of sex, and early bathing post-delivery. Discussion It can be concluded that while many traditional practices are still followed in India, there are new beliefs and behaviors arising from an intersection between culture and technology. Developing strategies that acknowledge older beliefs and modern approaches is essential to promoting better antenatal and postpartum care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Ahuja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mona Duggal
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jane Y. Liu
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Preetika Sharma
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Darshan Hosapatna Basavarajappa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashmi Bagga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Alison M. El Ayadi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ankita Kankaria
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Survival for Women and Children Foundation, Panchkula, India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Nadia G. Diamond-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Bamfield-Cummings S, Bufkin K, Jones S, Bayhaghi G, Kashyap H, De Leo G. Interprofessional Education in NAACLS MLT and MLS Programs: Results of a National Survey. Lab Med 2023; 54:555-561. [PMID: 36896685 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional education is essential for students enrolled in health care professional programs. OBJECTIVES We assessed the attitudes towards and the beliefs about interprofessional education (IPE) among program directors of medical laboratory science (MLS) and medical laboratory technician (MLT) programs accredited by the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences (NAACLS). We also investigated the inclusion of IPE in the curricula of such programs. METHODS We emailed the link to an anonymous 22-item cross-sectional survey to 468 program directors and tabulated the responses. RESULTS Program directors who support the need to include IPE within the curricula of MLT and MLS programs showed a generally positive attitude towards IPE. The beliefs about IPE among our respondents were not homogeneous. Program directors who have not yet implemented IPE in the curriculum may not have had an opportunity to experience the practical benefits of IPE. CONCLUSION Although barriers to IPE implementation exist, half of the respondents reported having already implemented IPE within their curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kendra Bufkin
- Clinical Pathology-Core Hematology Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, US
| | - Stephanie Jones
- College of Allied Health Sciences Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, US
| | - Giti Bayhaghi
- Clinical Laboratory Program, and Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, US
| | - Hari Kashyap
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, US
| | - Gianluca De Leo
- College of Allied Health Sciences Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA, US
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Ponomareva IV, Pakhomova YN, Tsiring DA. Subjective and Personal Characteristics of Women with Breast Cancer: A Factorial Model of Disease Risks and the Course of Disease. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3931-3938. [PMID: 38019253 PMCID: PMC10772762 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychological factors influencing the incidence of breast cancer in women. METHODS Basic beliefs, coping strategies, hardiness, subjective control, personal helplessness and independence were studied in 184 women, of which 80 women diagnosed with breast cancer, 104 women without a cancer diagnosis. All study participants completed psychodiagnostic methods and sociodemographic questionnaires. First, we analyzed differences in the psychological characteristics of women depending on the presence of an oncological diagnosis (F - Fisher's test). Second, we conducted factor analysis (principal component analysis with Varimax with Kaiser Normalization) to obtain psychological risk factors for breast cancer in women. RESULTS Distinctive psychological characteristics of women with breast cancer have been discovered. Women with breast cancer underestimate their worth and importance (p=0.021), as well as their luck (p=0.006) and the ability to control events in their lives (p=0.019). Women with breast cancer are very independent (arrogance) (p=0.000), rarely use confrontation-type coping (p=0.05), positive reappraisal (p=0.05), and planful problem-solving (p=0.035). Women diagnosed with breast cancer have an external locus of control (p=0.002), and are low hardiness (p=0.029). The listed features that distinguish women with breast cancer from cancer-free women were considered as probabilistic psychological risk factors for breast cancer. As a result of factor analysis, a model was obtained that included psychological factors associated with breast cancer in women: Independence (arrogance) (28.88% of variance), Belief system (24.83% of variance), Maladaptive coping (20.17% of variance). CONCLUSIONS Extreme independence, beliefs about one's failure, insignificance and inability to control life, as well as maladaptive coping are probabilistic psychological risk factors for breast cancer among Russian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Vladimirovna Ponomareva
- Psychology Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
- Psychology and Pedagogy, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Yana N Pakhomova
- Psychology Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
- Psychology and Pedagogy, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Diana A Tsiring
- Psychology Faculty, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
- Psychology and Pedagogy, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
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Cracco E, Liepelt R, Brass M, Genschow O. Top-Down Modulation of Motor Priming by Belief About Animacy. Exp Psychol 2023; 70:355-365. [PMID: 38602116 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown that people automatically imitate others and that this tendency is stronger when the other person is a human compared with a nonhuman agent. However, a controversial question is whether automatic imitation is also modulated by whether people believe the other person is a human. Although early research supported this hypothesis, not all studies reached the same conclusion and a recent meta-analysis found that there is currently neither evidence in favor nor against an influence of animacy beliefs on automatic imitation. One of the most prominent studies supporting such an influence is the study by Liepelt and Brass (2010), who found that automatic imitation was stronger when participants believed an ambiguous, gloved hand to be human, as opposed to wooden. In this registered report, we provide a high-powered replication of this study (N = 199). In contrast to Liepelt and Brass (2010), we did not find an effect of animacy beliefs on automatic imitation. However, we did find a correlation between automatic imitation and perceived self-other similarity. Together, these results suggest that the gloved hand procedure does not reliably influence automatic imitation, but interindividual differences in perceived similarity do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Cracco
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Roman Liepelt
- Department of General Psychology: Judgment, Decision Making, Action, Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Genschow
- Department of Cognitive, Social- and Economic Psychology, Institute for Management and Organization, Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
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Oeberst A, Imhoff R. Toward Parsimony in Bias Research: A Proposed Common Framework of Belief-Consistent Information Processing for a Set of Biases. Perspect Psychol Sci 2023; 18:1464-1487. [PMID: 36930530 PMCID: PMC10623627 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221148147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the essential insights from psychological research is that people's information processing is often biased. By now, a number of different biases have been identified and empirically demonstrated. Unfortunately, however, these biases have often been examined in separate lines of research, thereby precluding the recognition of shared principles. Here we argue that several-so far mostly unrelated-biases (e.g., bias blind spot, hostile media bias, egocentric/ethnocentric bias, outcome bias) can be traced back to the combination of a fundamental prior belief and humans' tendency toward belief-consistent information processing. What varies between different biases is essentially the specific belief that guides information processing. More importantly, we propose that different biases even share the same underlying belief and differ only in the specific outcome of information processing that is assessed (i.e., the dependent variable), thus tapping into different manifestations of the same latent information processing. In other words, we propose for discussion a model that suffices to explain several different biases. We thereby suggest a more parsimonious approach compared with current theoretical explanations of these biases. We also generate novel hypotheses that follow directly from the integrative nature of our perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Oeberst
- Department of Media Psychology, University of Hagen
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Department of Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
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Reeves SL, Nguyen T, Scholer AA, Fujita K, Spencer SJ. Examining Beliefs About the Benefits of Self-Affirmation for Mitigating Self-Threat. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2023; 49:1615-1632. [PMID: 36065608 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-affirmation-reflecting on a source of global self-integrity outside of the threatened domain-can mitigate self-threat in education, health, relationships, and more. Whether people recognize these benefits is unknown. Inspired by the metamotivational approach, we examined people's beliefs about the benefits of self-affirmation and whether individual differences in these beliefs predict how people cope with self-threat. The current research revealed that people recognize that self-affirmation is selectively helpful for self-threat situations compared with other negative situations. However, people on average did not distinguish between self-affirmation and alternative strategies for coping with self-threat. Importantly, individual differences in these beliefs predicted coping decisions: Those who recognized the benefits of self-affirmation were more likely to choose to self-affirm rather than engage in an alternative strategy following an experience of self-threat. We discuss implications for self-affirmation theory and developing interventions to promote adaptive responses to self-threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Reeves
- Indiana University Bloomington, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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