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Al-Shargie F, Taresh SM, Al-Ezzi A. Mental Stress and Cognitive Deficits Management. Brain Sci 2024; 14:316. [PMID: 38671968 PMCID: PMC11047847 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental stress is a prevalent aspect of contemporary life that affects individuals from diverse backgrounds [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Al-Shargie
- Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Alfares for Research and Development Consultancy, Dubai 341041, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Faculty of Social Science, Arts and Humanities, Lincoln University College, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia;
| | - Abdulhakim Al-Ezzi
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA
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Taresh SM, Morett LM, Zaid SM, Roslan S, Taresh Taleb M, Song P, Ahmad NA, Noman S. Preschool teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy concerning autism: A parallel mixed-methods study of an intervention to improve autism identification. Autism 2024; 28:239-253. [PMID: 37982401 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231211850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Preschool teachers can play a critical role in early detection of autism. Equipping preschool teachers with prerequisite knowledge and skills would allow them to identify children with probable autism and referral to diagnostic services. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an educational module (EMiASD) that prepared preschool teachers to identify autism symptoms. The sample included 144 preschool teachers, of which 120 were stratified and randomly assigned to an intervention arm receiving training in EMiASD (n = 60) or a comparison arm receiving standard training (n = 60) using a parallel mixed-methods design. Responses to open-ended questions about video case studies revealed improvement in the identification of autism symptoms in preschool teachers in the intervention arm, in contrast to preschool teachers in the comparison arm. Moreover, significant changes in knowledge, belief, and self-efficacy about autism favoured EMiASD. Overall, these results demonstrate the influence of EMiASD in the Yemeni cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pu Song
- Guiyang Preschool Education College, China
| | | | - Sarah Noman
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Zaid SM, Fadel AM, Taresh SM, Mohammed LA, Fitriana N. Psychologists' perspective of mental health in Yemen during the civil war and COVID-19: a qualitative inquiry. Curr Psychol 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36258893 PMCID: PMC9560880 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to other Middle Eastern nations that are experiencing conflicts and wars, Yemen has the greatest rate of mental health issues since the war was accompanied by distressing experiences and severe chronic psychological crises. This study aims to examine the current state of psychological problems from the perspectives of psychologists and psychiatrists in light of the ongoing civil war and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study included 20 psychologists and psychiatrists in total. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the psychologists and psychiatrists were done between October 2021 and December 2021 and between May 2022 and June 2022. Handwritten notes and field notes were used to record the interview process. The transcripts were inductively analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analytic approach to get the main themes and subthemes. The four major themes that emerged from the emerging codes are the impact of war on mental health, the impact of COVID-19 on mental health, the healthcare system, and the lack of awareness about mental health. These themes reveal how the civil war and COVID-19 contributed to Yemenis' mental health issues and resulting psychological disorders. Yemenis' mental health and well-being are under several threats; thus, the government and other relevant authorities must take urgent measures to lessen the impact of mental illness on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaia Mohammed Zaid
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Art and Human Science, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Ahlam Mohammed Fadel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Art and Human Science, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | | | - Lubna Ali Mohammed
- Department of TESL, Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts, and Humanities, Lincoln University College (LUC), Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nina Fitriana
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Mercu Buana University of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Alareqe NA, Roslan S, Nordin MS, Ahmad NA, Taresh SM. Psychometric Properties of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III in an Arabic Clinical Sample Compared With American, Italian, and Dutch Cultures. Front Psychol 2021; 12:562619. [PMID: 34566736 PMCID: PMC8458952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.562619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory MCMI–III is a multidimensional measure of psychopathology with excellent construct validity, test-retest reliability as well as internal consistency. Factor analysis of the MCMI-III has produced mixed results, extracting parsimonious three-factor solutions, or replicating the original four-factor solution in psychiatric samples from Western countries. However, little work has been done on the psychometric properties of the MCMI–III, using non-Western psychiatric samples. Outpatients (N = 212) completed the MCMI–III during a semi-structured interview. Eight exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methods were used to explore the underlying structure of MCMI–III. Skewness, kurtosis, and descriptive statistics confirmed that scales of MCMI–III were normally distributed. High-internal consistency was found. The eight EFA methods applied to the 24 clinical scales identified a consensual three-factor solution: factor I (internalizing psychopathology; 18 scales), factor II (externalizing psychopathology; 4 scales) and factor III (psychological disturbance; 2 scales), accounting for a total of 72% of the common variance. Regarding the cross-cultural equivalence of the MCMI–III structure, Tucker's congruence coefficient (Φ) was used and confirmed that internalizing (F1) and externalizing psychopathology (F2) factors obtained in this study are similar to high vs. low psychopathology and emotional constraint factors provided by American study of Haddy et al. (2005) (Φ was 0.86 and 0.97). These two factors are also similar to the general adjustment and antisocial acting out factors provided by the American study of Craig and Bivens (1998) (Φ was 0.82 and 0.96). The first two factors in this study also reflect high similarity with the factor solutions obtained with the Italian and Dutch versions of MCMI-III (Rossi et al., 2007; Pignolo et al., 2017). Despite using a psychiatric sample from a non-Western culture, the two factors identified for this MCMI–III Arabic version were similar to those reported on studies with MCMI–III, using primarily Western samples (Craig and Bivens, 1998; Rossi et al., 2007).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Sahari Nordin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selayang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Kindergarten, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
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Zaid SM, Hutagalung FD, Bin Abd Hamid HS, Taresh SM. Sadness regulation strategies and measurement: A scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256088. [PMID: 34388181 PMCID: PMC8362967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Accurate measurement and suitable strategies facilitate people regulate their sadness in an effective manner. Regulating or mitigating negative emotions, particularly sadness, is crucial mainly because constant negative emotions may lead to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. This paper presents an overview of sadness regulation strategies and related measurement. METHOD Upon adhering to five-step scoping review, this study combed through articles that looked into sadness regulation retrieved from eight databases. RESULTS As a result of reviewing 40 selected articles, 110 strategies were identified to regulate emotions, particularly sadness. Some of the most commonly reported strategies include expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, seeking social or emotional support, and rumination. The four types of measures emerged from the review are self-reported, informant report (parents or peers), open-ended questions, and emotion regulation instructions. Notably, most studies had tested psychometric properties using Cronbach's alpha alone, while only a handful had assessed validity (construct and factorial validity) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha or test-retest) based on responses captured from questionnaire survey. CONCLUSION Several sadness regulation strategies appeared to vary based on gender, age, and use of strategy. Despite the general measurement of emotion regulation, only one measure was developed to measure sadness regulation exclusively for children. Future studies may develop a comprehensive battery of measures to assess sadness regulation using multi-component method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaia Mohammed Zaid
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Psychology, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Fonny Dameaty Hutagalung
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alareqe NA, Roslan S, Taresh SM, Nordin MS. Universality and Normativity of the Attachment Theory in Non-Western Psychiatric and Non-Psychiatric Samples: Multiple Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5770. [PMID: 34072158 PMCID: PMC8198184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study tests for the first time the validity of universality and normativity assumptions related to the attachment theory in a non-Western culture, using a novel design including psychiatric and non-psychiatric samples as part of a comprehensive exploratory and advanced confirmatory framework. Three attachment assessments were distributed to 212 psychiatric outpatients and 300 non-psychiatric samples in Yemen. The results of the fourteen approaches of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) produce a similar result and assertion that the psychiatric outpatients tend to explore attachment outcomes based on multi-methods, while the non-psychiatric samples suggest an attachment orientation based on multi-traits (self-other). The multiple group-confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) demonstrates that the multi-method model fits the psychiatric samples better than the non-psychiatric samples. Equally, the MG-CFA suggests that the multi-traits model also fits the psychiatric samples better than the non-psychiatric samples. Implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad Sahari Nordin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Selangor 53100, Malaysia;
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Taresh SM, Ahmad NA, Roslan S, Ma’rof AM. Preschool Teachers' Beliefs towards Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Yemen. Children (Basel) 2020; 7:children7100170. [PMID: 33036166 PMCID: PMC7601273 DOI: 10.3390/children7100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is perplexing that some preschool teachers not only advise parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to go to religious healers, but also attribute such neurological disorders to the curse of the “evil eye” or vaccines. Although it is now the twentieth century, this behavior simply reflects the concerns of over-protective teachers and the cultural misperceptions about the actual definition of ASD. In Yemen, the term “ASD”, with its wide range of symptoms, is still ambiguous among preschool teachers. Thus, in a rather insightful piece for the education community, this study has attempted to look beneath the surface of the beliefs (religious belief–social belief–personal belief) of Yemeni preschool teachers regarding ASD. Based on the data collected from 213 teachers (20–30\31–40-~≥40 age) in the Taiz district, this study found that misconceptions specific to autism spectrum disorder were strongly evidenced among teachers who taught preschoolers. Due to personal ignorance and growing superstitions, these teachers tend to believe the society’s perceptions of ASD, thus resulting in the ignorance of scientific views. However, the mass media can increase this group’s awareness of ASD by continually assessing the inaccurate views on ASD, and correcting them. And by influencing the teachers to take a more conceptual scientific approach in serving their special needs students, furthermore, by informing preschool teachers of children’s rights in normal life in the future through providing children with an optimal chance of development by early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
- Department of Kindergarten, Faculty of Education, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Aini Marina Ma’rof
- Department of Foundation of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
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Mohammed Taresh S, Aniza Ahmad N, Roslan S, Ma’rof AM, Mohammed Zaid S. Mainstream Preschool Teachers' Skills at Identifying and Referring Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17124284. [PMID: 32560042 PMCID: PMC7344551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Early intervention will help children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to attain early learning reinforcement. This study focuses on exploring the ability of preschool teachers to identify children with ASD and their referral decision-making process. Method: This is a mixed-method study (qualitative and quantitative methods) involving 20 respondents. The qualitative study is based on an open question case study, while the quantitative study consists of questionnaire with demographic variables to identify the effect of the demographic variables on the preschool teachers’ ability to identify children with ASD. Sample: The sample was selected via convenience sampling among mainstream preschool teachers. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and thematic analysis. Results: The findings show that preschool teachers did not have skills at identifying children with ASD, and the majority of them labelled children with ASD as spoilt or hyperactive children. They also viewed children with ASD as having other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or communication disorders such as introversion. Moreover, preschool teachers expressed that the reason for the child’s behaviour could be due to the parents’ inability to properly educate their child. Additionally, the demographic variables of the preschool teachers, such as age, education level and teaching experience, were found not to affect their ASD identification skills. Conclusion: Preschool teachers need to improve their skills in identifying ASD among children via training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Aini Marina Ma’rof
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
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