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Adamis D, Kasianenko D, Usman M, Saleem F, Wrigley M, Gavin B, McNicholas F. Prevalence of Personality Disorders in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). J Atten Disord 2023; 27:658-668. [PMID: 36927130 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231161531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of PDs according to Millon's evolution-based model among adult ADHD outpatients. METHOD Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients referred to an adult ADHD clinic. PDs were evaluated with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). RESULTS One-hundred-eighty-one participants had valid MCMI-III, of whom147 were diagnosed with ADHD. Mean age: 32.97, SD:11.56, females: 74 (50.3%). Among the 147 participants with ADHD, 29 (19.7%) did not meet criteria for any PD, 43 (29.3%) met the criteria for one PD, 34 (23.1%) for two PDs and the rest three or more. Most common PD was Dependent (n = 58) followed by Depressive (n = 45). Inattentive sub-type was associated with dependent PD, while combined type with antisocial, negativistic (passive/aggressive) and sadistic PD. CONCLUSION Particular personality profiles were more common with different ADHD subtypes. Given the developmental origins of PD, further research may help identify possible links with childhood difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Margo Wrigley
- National Clinical Programme for Adult ADHD, Dublin, Ireland
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Teva I, Marín-Morales A, Bueso-Izquierdo N, Pérez-García M, Hidalgo-Ruzzante N. Personality characteristics in specialist and generalist intimate partner violence perpetrators. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:86-96. [PMID: 35981717 PMCID: PMC10087251 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the most common types of violence against women. Although personality disorders have been associated with IPV, perpetration research regarding personality according to the classification specialist/generalist IPV perpetrators is scarce. The general aim of this study was to describe personality in a large sample of IPV Spanish male perpetrators considering their classification (specialist vs. generalist). Participants were 1093 men convicted of IPV crimes whose ages ranged from 18 to 76 years old (M = 40.15; SD = 10.32). Of them, 554 men were classified as specialist perpetrators and 539 men were classified as generalist perpetrators. Participants completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographic and violence aspects as well as the Spanish version of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III. Generalist perpetrators showed higher means in nearly all the personality disorders scales compared to specialist perpetrators. Prevalence rates in the majority of personality disorders were lower than 5%. Higher scores on the avoidant, histrionic, and self-defeating scales and lower scores on the aggressive, borderline, and drug dependence scales were related to being a specialist perpetrator. This study contributes to a better understanding of personality among generalist and specialist perpetrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Teva
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agar Marín-Morales
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Pérez-García
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Hidalgo-Ruzzante
- Brain, Mind and Behavior Research Center, CIMCYC, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Alareqe NA, Roslan S, Nordin MS, Ahmad NA, Taresh SM. Psychometric Properties of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III in an Arabic Clinical Sample Compared With American, Italian, and Dutch Cultures. Front Psychol 2021; 12:562619. [PMID: 34566736 PMCID: PMC8458952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.562619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory MCMI–III is a multidimensional measure of psychopathology with excellent construct validity, test-retest reliability as well as internal consistency. Factor analysis of the MCMI-III has produced mixed results, extracting parsimonious three-factor solutions, or replicating the original four-factor solution in psychiatric samples from Western countries. However, little work has been done on the psychometric properties of the MCMI–III, using non-Western psychiatric samples. Outpatients (N = 212) completed the MCMI–III during a semi-structured interview. Eight exploratory factor analysis (EFA) methods were used to explore the underlying structure of MCMI–III. Skewness, kurtosis, and descriptive statistics confirmed that scales of MCMI–III were normally distributed. High-internal consistency was found. The eight EFA methods applied to the 24 clinical scales identified a consensual three-factor solution: factor I (internalizing psychopathology; 18 scales), factor II (externalizing psychopathology; 4 scales) and factor III (psychological disturbance; 2 scales), accounting for a total of 72% of the common variance. Regarding the cross-cultural equivalence of the MCMI–III structure, Tucker's congruence coefficient (Φ) was used and confirmed that internalizing (F1) and externalizing psychopathology (F2) factors obtained in this study are similar to high vs. low psychopathology and emotional constraint factors provided by American study of Haddy et al. (2005) (Φ was 0.86 and 0.97). These two factors are also similar to the general adjustment and antisocial acting out factors provided by the American study of Craig and Bivens (1998) (Φ was 0.82 and 0.96). The first two factors in this study also reflect high similarity with the factor solutions obtained with the Italian and Dutch versions of MCMI-III (Rossi et al., 2007; Pignolo et al., 2017). Despite using a psychiatric sample from a non-Western culture, the two factors identified for this MCMI–III Arabic version were similar to those reported on studies with MCMI–III, using primarily Western samples (Craig and Bivens, 1998; Rossi et al., 2007).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Sahari Nordin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selayang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Sahar Mohammed Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.,Department of Kindergarten, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
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Siria S, Fernández-Montalvo J, Echauri JA, Arteaga A, Azkárate JM, Martínez M. Differential MCMI-III psychopathological profiles between intimate partner violence perpetrators with and without childhood family violence. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1020-1029. [PMID: 33496355 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the differential prevalence of personality disorders (PD) and clinical syndromes between male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) with and without a history of childhood family violence (CFV). A sample of 981 perpetrators of IPV was assessed with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Comparisons of sociodemographic characteristics and MCMI-III scales' scores between perpetrators with (n = 293) and without (n = 688) CFV were carried out. Results showed that IPV perpetrators with CFV had a lower level of education, were less frequently employed, and had higher rates of previous psychiatric history than perpetrators without CFV. Statistically significant differences between groups in almost all the MCMI-III scales were found. Perpetrators with CFV presented with higher scores on most of the evaluated scales and showed a more severe psychopathological profile than perpetrators without CFV. The multivariate analysis showed that the main MCMI-III domains related to CFV were higher scores on the disclosure and alcohol dependence scales and lower scores on the passive-aggressive scale. These findings reveal that CFV is associated with a more severe psychopathological profile in perpetrators of IPV. In order to develop tailored interventions, the presence of CFV and psychopathological symptoms should be assessed in IPV perpetrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Siria
- Departament of Health Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Montalvo
- Departament of Health Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose A Echauri
- Psimae Instituto de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Arteaga
- Departament of Health Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juana M Azkárate
- Psimae Instituto de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Martínez
- Psimae Instituto de Psicología Jurídica y Forense, Pamplona, Spain
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Abstract
Objective: To assess prevalence of personality traits and disorders according to Millon's evolution-based model and to identify the most representative personality profiles among adult ADHD outpatients. Method: Personality traits and disorders were evaluated using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in a consecutive sample of adult ADHD outpatients (N = 70) diagnosed by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-version 1.1 (ASRS-v1.1) and the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA 2.0). Results: More than half of our sample (57.1%) showed at least one personality disorder (PD). The most prevalent PDs were paranoid, schizotypal and negativistic (18.6% for all three PDs), depressive (17.1%), and sadistic (11.4%). No patient had a borderline PD. The EFA identified three personality profiles ("sadistic-antisocial-negativistic," "masochistic-depressive-dependent-avoidant," and "antihistrionic-schizoid"). Conclusion: High prevalence of PDs among adult ADHD patients was confirmed. The personality profiles seemed to reflect the persistence of ADHD and related childhood comorbidities in adulthood.
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Ramirez-Castillo D, Garcia-Roda C, Guell F, Fernandez-Montalvo J, Bernacer J, Morón I. Frustration Tolerance and Personality Traits in Patients With Substance Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:421. [PMID: 31258496 PMCID: PMC6588127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has suggested the prevalence of certain personality traits, some of which are related to a disorganized attachment, in substance abuse disorders. Further, frustration tolerance (FT) has been proposed as an important factor in addiction, both at the inception-following the "self-medication" hypothesis-and regarding treatment compliance. In turn, an inadequate response to frustrating events has been also associated with a disrupted attachment. Our goal is to explore the mediational role of FT in the relationship between personality traits and two different treatments for substance addiction: therapeutic community (TC) and ambulatory treatment (AT). Eighty-four subjects with substance abuse disorder were recruited in total (22 female), including 46 volunteers (13 female) in TC and 38 (9 female) in AT. They were assessed with Rosenzweig's test for FT and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) test to evaluate personality factors. By comparing with a control sample (335 volunteers, 268 female), we found that FT was lower in patients. Between therapeutic groups, FT was significantly lower in TC. Depressive, antisocial, sadistic, negativistic, schizotypal, borderline, paranoid, anxiety, dysthymia, alcohol use, drug use, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), thought disorder, and delusional disorder traits were suggestive of pathology in the clinical samples and were significantly different between control, AT, and TC groups. Further, anxiety and PTSD traits were higher in TC than in AT. A mediational analysis revealed that the effect of anxiety and PTSD scales on therapeutic group was partially mediated by FT. In conclusion, FT and its interplay with personality traits commonly related to disorganized attachment (anxiety and PTSD) might be important factors to consider within therapeutic programs for persons with substance addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramirez-Castillo
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Roda
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Guell
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Bernacer
- Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Fakharri A, Jahani A, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Farahbakhsh M, Asl AM. Personality patterns and Smoking behavior among students in Tabriz, Iran. Electron Physician 2017; 9:3950-3957. [PMID: 28461869 PMCID: PMC5407227 DOI: 10.19082/3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychological factors have always been considered for their role on risk taking behavior such as substance abuse, risky driving and smoking. The aim of this study was to determine the association between smoking behavior and potential personality patterns among high school students in Tabriz, Iran. Methods Through a multistage sampling in a cross-sectional study, 1000 students were enrolled to represent the final grade high school student population of Tabriz, Iran in 2013. The personality patterns along with smoking status and some background information were collected through standard questionnaires along with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Fourteen personality patterns and ten clinical syndromes. ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare numeric scales among the study participants, with respect to their smoking status. Stata version 13 statistical software package was used to analyze the data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict likelihood of smoking by personality status. Results Two logistic models were developed in both of whom male sex was identified as a determinant of regular smoking (1st model) and ever-smoking (2nd model). Depressive personality increased the likelihood of being a regular smoker by 2.8 times (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.3–6.1). The second personality disorder included in the model was sadistic personality with an odds ratio of 7.9 (96% CI: 1.2–53%). Histrionic personality increased the likelihood of experiencing smoking by 2.2 times (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.6–3.1) followed by borderline personality (OR=2.8, 95% CI: 0.97–8.1). Conclusion Histrionic and depressive personalities could be considered as strong associates of smoking, followed by borderline and sadistic personalities. A causal relationship couldn’t be assumed unless well controlled longitudinal studies reached the same findings using psychiatric interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fakharri
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jahani
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Department of Statistics & Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farahbakhsh
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpour Asl
- Department of Epidemiology & Statistics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Scaruffi E, Gambineri A, Cattaneo S, Turra J, Vettor R, Mioni R. Personality and psychiatric disorders in women affected by polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:185. [PMID: 25429283 PMCID: PMC4228916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder among fertile women. Studies show reduced quality of life, anxiety, depression, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder, and sexual dysfunction, but the etiology of these disturbs remains still debated. The aim of our study is to verify whether this hyperandrogenic syndrome characterizes a strong psycho(patho)logical personality. METHOD Sixty PCOS subjects (mean age 25.8 ± 4.7 years) were evaluated by anthropometric, metabolic, hormonal, clinical, and psychological parameters. After the certainty of the diagnosis of PCOS, the Rorschach test, according to Exner's comprehensive system (CS) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) were administered to each patient. The control group, on which the comparison was carried out, was composed by 40 healthy and aged compared women who were exclusively administered the Rorschach test according to CS. RESULTS MCMI-III evidenced axis II DSM-IV personality disorders [4.1% schizoid, depressive, sadistic, negativistic (passive-aggressive), and masochistic, 6.1% avoiding, 12.2% dependent, 20.4% histrionic, 16.3% narcissistic, 2.0% obsessive-compulsive], and axis I DSM-IV psychiatric disorders: 10.2% anxiety, 2.0% somatoform disorder and bipolar disorder, 16.3% major depressive disorder. Finally, we found 44.9% delusional disorder and 4.1% thought disorder. Rorschach test's results show 53.1% reduced coping abilities and social skills, 55.1% depression, 30.6% perceptual distortion and cognitive slippage, 24.5% constantly alert and worry, 8.1% at risk for suicide, and finally about 50% of our patients had chronic stress. CONCLUSION PCOS women have relevant personality and psychiatric disorders, when compared with normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Cattaneo
- Scuola Universitaria Interfacoltà in Scienze Motorie (SUISM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jenni Turra
- Clinical Medical 3, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Clinical Medical 3, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Mioni
- Clinical Medical 3, Department of Medicine, Hospital of Padua, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Mioni, Clinica Medica 3, Università di Padova, 9th floor Monoblocco, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy e-mail:
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Nasiri H, Abedi A, Ebrahimi A, Ameli SS, Samouei R. Personality profile of women affected with borderline personality disorder. Mater Sociomed 2013; 25:60-3. [PMID: 23687463 PMCID: PMC3655790 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2013.25.60-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main objective of the present study is to review the psychological profile of female patients with borderline personality disorder in the women referring to the Centers of Counseling and Psychological Services at Isfahan city based on MMPI-2 test and comparing them with ordinary women. METHOD The present study is of the type of cause-comparative and the selection of examinees was done in form of random sampling with 50 women with the BPD and 50 ordinary women and through confirmation of test recognition of MCMI-III and clinical interviews. In addition, 370 questions of MMPI-2 have also been implemented. RESULTS The results of this research showed a significant difference in validity of scales and the clinical scales of MMPI-2 test among women with BPD and regular women. The results of MANOVA test with the power of valuable test confirmed the existing differences. CONCLUSION The obtained results shows that female patients with BPD has a specific and different psychological profile as compared with ordinary (regular) women and the obtained profile can be used in recognition and forecasting any disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nasiri
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Isfahan, Iran
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