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Faith MA, El-Behadli AF, Frazee LA, Pratt CD, Stromberg S. Parents' emotion socialization beliefs moderate relations between parent and patient coping, but not sibling coping, with pediatric cancer. Psychooncology 2019; 28:1559-1566. [PMID: 31134704 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated (a) differences in parents' emotion socialization (ES) beliefs for patients/siblings, (b) whether parents' ES beliefs predict patient/sibling coping, and (c) whether parents' ES beliefs moderate links between parent and patient/sibling coping with pediatric cancer. METHOD This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study of 134 pediatric cancer patients, their caregiver, and their nearest-age sibling. Participants could complete measures themselves via paper-and-pencil or telephone, or researchers could read questions aloud. RESULTS Parents' ES beliefs differed for patients/siblings. ES beliefs did not directly predict patient/sibling coping but did moderate relations between parent and patient coping. CONCLUSIONS Despite extent literature promoting universal emotion coaching ES, our study indicates that ES beliefs might have a complex relation with parent coping in predicting patient coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Faith
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Institute of Brain Protection Sciences, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ana F El-Behadli
- Children's Health-Children's Medical Center, Pauline Allen Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Laura A Frazee
- Children's Health-Children's Medical Center, Pauline Allen Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chelsea D Pratt
- Children's Health-Children's Medical Center, Pauline Allen Gill Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarah Stromberg
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Institute of Brain Protection Sciences, St. Petersburg, Florida
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2
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Brown EA, De Young A, Kimble R, Kenardy J. Review of a Parent’s Influence on Pediatric Procedural Distress and Recovery. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2018; 21:224-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-017-0252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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3
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Cousino MK, Rea KE, Schumacher KR, Magee JC, Fredericks EM. A systematic review of parent and family functioning in pediatric solid organ transplant populations. Pediatr Transplant 2017; 21. [PMID: 28181361 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The process of pediatric solid organ transplantation (SOT) places new and increased stressors on patients and family members. Measures of family functioning may predict psychological and health outcomes for pediatric patients and their families, and provide opportunity for targeted intervention. This systematic review investigated parent and family functioning and factors associated with poorer functioning in the pediatric SOT population. Thirty-seven studies were identified and reviewed. Studies featured a range of organ populations (eg, heart, liver, kidney, lung, intestine) at various stages in the transplant process. Findings highlighted that parents of pediatric SOT populations commonly report increased stress and mental health symptoms, including posttraumatic stress disorder. Pediatric SOT is also associated with increased family stress and burden throughout the transplant process. Measures of parent and family functioning were associated with several important health-related factors, such as medication adherence, readiness for discharge, and number of hospitalizations. Overall, findings suggest that family stress and burden persists post-transplant, and parent and family functioning is associated with health-related factors in SOT, highlighting family-level functioning as an important target for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Cousino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly E Rea
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt R Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John C Magee
- University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily M Fredericks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Transplant Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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4
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Predicting preschool pain-related anticipatory distress: the relative contribution of longitudinal and concurrent factors. Pain 2016; 157:1918-1932. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Racine NM, Riddell RRP, Khan M, Calic M, Taddio A, Tablon P. Systematic Review: Predisposing, Precipitating, Perpetuating, and Present Factors Predicting Anticipatory Distress to Painful Medical Procedures in Children. J Pediatr Psychol 2016; 41:159-81. [PMID: 26338981 PMCID: PMC4884904 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the factors predicting anticipatory distress to painful medical procedures in children. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to identify studies with factors related to anticipatory distress to painful medical procedures in children aged 0-18 years. The search retrieved 7,088 articles to review against inclusion criteria. A total of 77 studies were included in the review. RESULTS 31 factors were found to predict anticipatory distress to painful medical procedures in children. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was conducted, and a summary figure is presented. CONCLUSIONS Many factors were elucidated that contribute to the occurrence of anticipatory distress to painful medical procedures. The factors that appear to increase anticipatory distress are child psychopathology, difficult child temperament, parent distress promoting behaviors, parent situational distress, previous pain events, parent anticipation of distress, and parent anxious predisposition. Longitudinal and experimental research is needed to further elucidate these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Khan
- Department of Psychology, York University
| | - Masa Calic
- Department of Psychology, York University
| | - Anna Taddio
- Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto
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6
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Flowers SR, Birnie KA. Procedural Preparation and Support as a Standard of Care in Pediatric Oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62 Suppl 5:S694-723. [PMID: 26700922 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Youth with cancer undergo many repeated and invasive medical procedures that are often painful and highly distressing. A systematic review of published research since 1995 identified 65 papers (11 review articles and 54 empirical studies) that investigated preparatory information and psychological interventions for a variety of medical procedures in pediatric cancer. Distraction, combined cognitive-behavioral strategies, and hypnosis were identified as effective for reducing child pain and increasing child coping. Low- to high-quality evidence informed strong recommendations for all youth with cancer to receive developmentally appropriate preparatory information and psychological intervention for invasive medical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy R Flowers
- Department of Pediatric Psychology and Neuropsychology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kathryn A Birnie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
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7
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Hildenbrand AK, Clawson KJ, Alderfer MA, Marsac ML. Coping with pediatric cancer: strategies employed by children and their parents to manage cancer-related stressors during treatment. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2012; 28:344-54. [PMID: 22194147 DOI: 10.1177/1043454211430823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer patients and their families face significant physical, emotional, and psychosocial challenges. Few studies have investigated how children manage these challenges and how parents may help in the process. This qualitative study aimed to explore common cancer-related stressors for children and to examine child coping and parental assistance in coping with these stressors during treatment. Fifteen children undergoing cancer treatment and their parents participated in semistructured interviews. Four themes emerged capturing cancer-related stressors: cancer treatment/side effects, distressing emotions, disruption in daily routines, and social challenges. Six themes emerged regarding child coping strategies that were classified within an approach/avoidance coping framework. Approach coping strategies included the following: cognitive restructuring, relaxation, practical strategies, seeking social support, and emotional expression. Distraction was the only avoidant coping strategy. Parents tended to encourage approach coping strategies (eg, cognitive restructuring, social support). Within families, few coping strategies were reported (child: M = 1.47, SD = 0.99; parent: M = 3.33, SD = 1.18), suggesting that early family-based interventions teaching coping techniques for cancer-related stressors may be beneficial.
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8
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Hull K, Clarke D. Are paediatric oncology nurses acknowledging the effects of restraint? A review of the current policy and research. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2011; 15:513-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McMurtry MC, Chambers CT, McGrath PJ, Asp E. When “don't worry” communicates fear: Children's perceptions of parental reassurance and distraction during a painful medical procedure. Pain 2010; 150:52-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Hull K, Clarke D. Restraining children for clinical procedures: a review of the issues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 19:346-50. [DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2010.19.6.47233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Hull
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
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11
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Abstract
The authors review the current state of procedural sedation and analgesia research and clinical practice in adults and children, discuss the limitations in research methodology, and propose future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Miner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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12
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McMurtry CM, McGrath PJ, Asp E, Chambers CT. Parental Reassurance and Pediatric Procedural Pain: A Linguistic Description. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2007; 8:95-101. [PMID: 16949882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2006.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Certain parental behaviors are associated with child coping and others with child distress when children undergo painful medical procedures. The finding that parental reassurance is linked with increases in child distress is perplexing and counterintuitive. The objective of the present study was to provide a detailed linguistic description of the speech functions and tones parents use when reassuring during painful medical procedures. Videotapes of 28 5-year-old children (12 boys, 16 girls) receiving immunizations who were accompanied by their parents were examined. The majority of reassuring verbalizations were statements; minor clauses (eg, "okay") were the next most frequent type of utterance. Half of the reassuring verbalizations were spoken with a falling tone, which is indicative of speaker certainty and protectiveness. This detailed linguistic approach offers new insights into the qualities of parental reassurance during painful medical procedures. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interactions of tone, speech function, and reassurance and their effects on child distress. PERSPECTIVE This article presents a detailed description of parental reassurance during pediatric immunizations. The description of the linguistic qualities of reassurance can help inform future research examining which characteristics of reassurance are associated with child distress and can help guide parental behavior during immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meghan McMurtry
- Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Cline RJW, Harper FWK, Penner LA, Peterson AM, Taub JW, Albrecht TL. Parent communication and child pain and distress during painful pediatric cancer treatments. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63:883-98. [PMID: 16647174 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Children with cancer often consider treatment procedures to be more traumatic and painful than cancer itself. Previous research indicates that parents' behavior before and during painful medical procedures influences children's distress level. Understanding parents' naturally occurring communication patterns is essential to identifying families in need of an intervention to enhance coping and emotional well-being. Using the concept of definition of the situation from a symbolic interactionism theoretical framework, this study developed a typology of parent communication patterns and tested relationships between those patterns and children's responses to potentially painful treatment procedures. Analyses are based on video-recorded observations of 31 children and their primary parents (individuals functioning in a parenting role and serving as the primary familial caregivers during the observed procedure) in the USA during clinic visits for potentially painful pediatric oncology treatments. Four communication patterns emerged: normalizing, invalidating, supportive, and distancing. The most common communication patterns differed by clinic visit phase: normalizing during pre-procedure, supportive during procedure, and both distancing and supportive during post-procedure. Parents' communication also varied by procedure type. Supportive communication was most common during lumbar punctures; normalizing and distancing communication were most common during port starts. Six children (19.4%) experienced invalidation during at least one clinic visit phase. Analyses indicated that invalidated children experienced significantly more pain and distress than children whose parents used other communication patterns. This typology provides a theoretical approach to understanding previous research and offers a framework for the continuing investigation of the influence of parents' communication during potentially painful pediatric oncology procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J W Cline
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Vannorsdall T, Dahlquist L, Shroff Pendley J, Power T. The Relation Between Nonessential Touch and Children's Distress During Lumbar Punctures. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2004. [DOI: 10.1207/s15326888chc3304_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the results of a systematic review to determine the effects of parents' behavior on children's coping with cancer. METHODS Searches were conducted using Medline, EMBASE, PsycLit, and articles were subsequently selected on the basis of predefined criteria. RESULTS Twenty-four papers were identified. There were associations between parenting behaviors and child distress both before and during medical procedures. Parents who criticized the child, or apologized for what was happening had children who were more distressed. Parents who were very permissive had more problems with adherence to treatment regimens. CONCLUSIONS Parents' behavior is critical in determining children's responses during procedures and adherence to home care. There has been less work concerning how parents manage more everyday problems, such as encouraging the child to go to school. Longitudinal studies are recommended to determine how parenting behaviors affect longer term child adjustment. These findings may be helpful for clinic staff to understand parents' reactions, and may also inform the content of intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Vance
- Cancer Research UK Child and Family Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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16
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Gelfand KM, Dahlquist LM. An Examination of the Relation Between Child Distress and Mother and Nurse Verbal Responses During Pediatric Oncology Procedures. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2003. [DOI: 10.1207/s15326888chc3204_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Abstract
A sound and comprehensive knowledge base about symptoms in children experiencing cancer is necessary if health care professionals hope to effectively manage their symptoms. To date, there is still much to be discovered about how children with cancer and their families experience childhood cancer symptoms. Accordingly, a longitudinal qualitative study was undertaken between July 1998 and December 2000 to explore and describe the childhood cancer symptom course from the perspectives of children and their families. The study was conducted in three settings: the participants' homes and both an inpatient and outpatient pediatric cancer unit located in Western Canada. Thirty-nine children (4 1/2- to 18-year-old males and females) with mixed cancer diagnoses and their families (parents and siblings) participated in the study. The majority of the children were diagnosed with either leukemia or lymphoma (72%), had siblings (87%), and two parents (87.2%), and remained in remission at the completion of the study (90%). All the children received chemotherapy either alone (56%) or in combination with surgery (18%), radiation (5%), radiation and bone marrow transplant (8%), radiation and surgery (10%), and surgery, radiation, and bone marrow transplant (3%). Multiple methods of data collection were used including open-ended formal interviewing and participant observation. Interview and participant observation data were analyzed by the constant comparative method of data analysis. The creation of illness narratives added to the understanding of children's and families' experiences. In addition to providing a description of how the symptoms affected children's and families' daily living, findings related to how to health professionals can better understand and approach children's cancer symptoms emerged. When families, physicians, nurses, and other health professionals approached children's symptoms solely as side effects (e.g., nausea) or singular physical and psychological states, children provided minimal description of what they were actually experiencing. However, a greater understanding was achieved when the symptoms were approached as dynamic multidimensional experiences that occurred within a particular context. Children experienced symptoms as feeling states. Critical to children's feeling states were the meanings that children and their families assigned to the symptoms. Viewing cancer symptoms in the context of assigned meanings has implications for how symptoms are assessed and managed. The need to develop a children's symptom assessment tool based on assigned meanings is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lynn Woodgate
- Faculty of Nursing, Helen Glass Center for Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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