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Neupane R, Boddu SHS, Al-Tabakha MM, Jacob S, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Percutaneous absorption and Skin accumulation of Lorazepam-Diphenhydramine- Haloperidol Carbopol gel in Porcine Ear Skin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:183. [PMID: 37700110 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the formulation and evaluation of an ABH Carbopol gel containing lorazepam (Ativan®), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl®), and haloperidol (Haldol®) for treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in hospice patients. ABH PLO gel is widely used for this purpose due to its low cost and presumed efficacy. However, previous studies, including one conducted by the authors, have reported insufficient drug absorption from the ABH PLO gel. Here we hypothesized that the ABH Carbopol gel would provide superior percutaneous absorption of the drugs. ABH Carbopol gel was characterized for pH, viscosity, thermal properties, and infrared spectroscopy. The percutaneous absorption and skin retention of the gel was evaluated across porcine ear skin using Franz diffusion cells, and the drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pH of the ABH Carbopol gel was found to be 6.80 ± 0.33, and the retention time of diphenhydramine, haloperidol, and lorazepam were 4.73, 7.11, and 18.69 minutes, respectively. The thermogram of the ABH Carbopol gel indicates the drugs were present in the dissolved state. Based on the flux data, the estimated steady-state concentration (Css) of diphenhydramine, haloperidol, and lorazepam were found to be 44.64 ng/ml, 2.58 ng/ml, and 20.1 ng/ml, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained from the ABH PLO gel. In conclusion, the ABH Carbopol gel provides a promising alternative to the ABH PLO gel for treating CINV in hospice patients. Further studies are required to validate these findings in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, The University of Toledo, 3000, Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O., Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Moawia M Al-Tabakha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, P.O., Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
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Peerapattana J, Hattori Y, Otsuka M. Simultaneous quantitative analysis of indomethacin and benzoic acid in gel using ultra-violet-visible spectrophotometry and chemometrics. Biomed Mater Eng 2018; 30:73-84. [PMID: 30562890 DOI: 10.3233/bme-181034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to manufacture pharmaceutical products, real-time monitoring in the manufacturing process is necessary, but large equipment cost is required to achieve it. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to use ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy along with chemometrics procedure to simultaneously carry out quantitative analysis of indomethacin (IMC) and benzoic acid (BA) in the gel during pharmaceutical manufacturing process. METHODS The gel preparations contained 0.1-1.5% IMC, 0.015-0.225% BA, 2% carbopol® 941 and 95% ethanol solution. The calibration models were constructed using the partial least square regression (PLS). RESULTS The relationships of the measured and predicted concentrations for both IMC and BA had linear plots. The developed PLS calibration models were used to monitor the IMC and BA concentrations during mixing of the gels by the planetary centrifugal and conventional mixers, respectively. IMC and BA were gradually dispersed, dissolved and completely homogeneous within 30 min by the centrifugal mixer. In contrast, IMC and BA were slowly dispersed, dissolved and completely homogeneous at more than 60 min by the conventional mixer. CONCLUSIONS The ultra-violet-visible spectrophotometric method couples with multivariate chemometric techniques for quantitative data analysis were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of major component IMC and trace component BA in the gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomjai Peerapattana
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Shinmachi, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Shinmachi, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
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Rheological effect of gamma radiation on gel-like formulation: Appraisal for the construction of radiopharmaceuticals for cutaneous application. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Loftsson T, Hreinsdôttir D. Quantitation of drug content in a low dosage formulation by transmission near infrared spectroscopy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 7:E206-E214. [PMID: 16584160 PMCID: PMC2750711 DOI: 10.1208/pt070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A transmission near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic method has been developed for the nondestructive determination of drug content in tablets with less than 1% weight of active ingredient per weight of formulation (m/m) drug content. Tablets were manufactured with drug concentrations of ∼0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% (m/m) and ranging in drug content from 0.71 to 2.51 mg per tablet. Transmission NIR spectra were obtained for 110 tablets that constituted the training set for the calibration model developed with partial least squares regression. The reference method for the calibration model was a validated UV spectrophotometric method. Several data preprocessing methods were used to reduce the effect of scattering on the NIR spectra and base the calibration model on spectral changes related to the drug concentration changes. The final calibration model included the spectral range from 11 216 to 8662 cm-1 the standard normal variate (SNV), and first derivative spectral pretreatments. This model was used to predict an independent set of 48 tablets with a root mean standard error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.14 mg, and a bias of only -0.05 mg per tablet. The study showed that transmission NIR spectroscopy is a viable alternative for nondestructive testing of low drug content tablets, available for the analysis of large numbers of tablets during process development and as a tool to detect drug agglomeration and evaluate process improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dagný Hreinsdôttir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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5
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Inoue M, Hisada H, Koide T, Carriere J, Heyler R, Fukami T. In Situ Monitoring of Crystalline Transformation of Carbamazepine Using Probe-Type Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Inoue
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hisada
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Koide
- Division
of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, 158-8501 Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Carriere
- Ondax Inc., Duarte Rd, Monrovia, 91016 California, United States
| | - Randy Heyler
- Ondax Inc., Duarte Rd, Monrovia, 91016 California, United States
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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Egesel CÖ, Kahrıman F, Ekinci N, Kavdır İ, Büyükcan MB. Analysis of Fatty Acids in Kernel, Flour, and Oil Samples of Maize by NIR Spectroscopy Using Conventional Regression Methods. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-15-0247-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ömer Egesel
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kahrıman
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Ekinci
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Lapseki Vocational School, Department of Food Processing, 17800, Lapseki, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - İsmail Kavdır
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - M. Burak Büyükcan
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, 17020, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Khan AN, Khar RK, Ajayakumar PV. Diffuse reflectance near infrared-chemometric methods development and validation of amoxicillin capsule formulations. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2016; 8:152-60. [PMID: 27134469 PMCID: PMC4832907 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.175973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of present study was to establish near infrared-chemometric methods that could be effectively used for quality profiling through identification and quantification of amoxicillin (AMOX) in formulated capsule which were similar to commercial products. In order to evaluate a large number of market products easily and quickly, these methods were modeled. Materials and Methods: Thermo Scientific Antaris II near infrared analyzer with TQ Analyst Chemometric Software were used for the development and validation of the identification and quantification models. Several AMOX formulations were composed with four excipients microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, croscarmellose sodium and colloidal silicon dioxide. Development includes quadratic mixture formulation design, near infrared spectrum acquisition, spectral pretreatment and outlier detection. According to prescribed guidelines by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and European Medicine Agency (EMA) developed methods were validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and robustness. Results: On diffuse reflectance mode, an identification model based on discriminant analysis was successfully processed with 76 formulations; and same samples were also used for quantitative analysis using partial least square algorithm with four latent variables and 0.9937 correlation of coefficient followed by 2.17% root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), 2.38% root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), 2.43% root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV). Conclusion: Proposed model established a good relationship between the spectral information and AMOX identity as well as content. Resulted values show the performance of the proposed models which offers alternate choice for AMOX capsule evaluation, relative to that of well-established high-performance liquid chromatography method. Ultimately three commercial products were successfully evaluated using developed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nawaz Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Roop Krishen Khar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, B. S. Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Alampur, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - P V Ajayakumar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Mohamed HM. Green, environment-friendly, analytical tools give insights in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Lê LMM, Caudron E, Baillet-Guffroy A, Eveleigh L. Non-invasive quantification of 5 fluorouracil and gemcitabine in aqueous matrix by direct measurement through glass vials using near-infrared spectroscopy. Talanta 2013; 119:361-6. [PMID: 24401426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used for quantitative analysis of two cytotoxic drugs used in pharmaceutical infusion, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and gemcitabine (GEM), at therapeutic concentrations in aqueous matrix. Spectra were collected from 4000 cm(-1) to 13,000 cm(-1) by direct measurement through standard glass vials and calibration models were developed for 5FU and GEM using partial least-squares regression. NIR determination coefficient (R(2)) greater than 0.9992, root-mean-square-error of cross-validation (RMESCV) of 0.483 mg/ml for 5FU and 0.139 mg/ml for GEM and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.519 for 5FU and 0.108 mg/ml for GEM show a good prediction ability of NIR spectroscopy to predict 5FU and GEM concentrations directly through a glass packaging. According to accuracy profile, the linearity was validated from 7 to 50mg/ml and 2 to 40 mg/ml for 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine respectively. This new approach for cytotoxic drugs control at hospital has shown the feasibility of near infrared spectroscopy to quantify antineoplastic drugs in aqueous matrix by a direct measurement through glass vial in less than 1 min and by non-invasive measurement perfect to limit exposure of operator to cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Minh Mai Lê
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, Department of Pharmacy, Paris, France; Paris Sud University, Groupe de Chimie Analytique Paris Sud EA 4041, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Eric Caudron
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, Department of Pharmacy, Paris, France; Paris Sud University, Groupe de Chimie Analytique Paris Sud EA 4041, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Arlette Baillet-Guffroy
- Paris Sud University, Groupe de Chimie Analytique Paris Sud EA 4041, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Luc Eveleigh
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1145 GENIAL, F-91300 Massy, France; INRA, UMR 1145 GENIAL, F-91300 Massy, France
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10
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Abstract
Chemometrics involves application of various statistical methods for drawing vital information from various manufacturing-related processes. Multiway chemometric models like parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), Tucker-3, N-partial least square (N-PLS), and bilinear models like principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) have been discussed in the paper. Chemometric approaches can be used to analyze the data obtained from various instruments including near infrared (NIR), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and terahertz pulse spectroscopy. The technique has been used in the quality assurance and quality control of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. Moreover, application of chemometric methods in the evaluation of properties of pharmaceutical powders and tablet parametric tests has also been discussed in the review. It has been suggested as a useful method for the real-time in-process testing and is a valuable process analytical tool.
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11
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Ajayakumar P, Chanda D, Pal A, Singh MP, Samad A. FT-NIR spectroscopy for rapid and simple determination of nimesulide in rabbit plasma for pharmacokinetic analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 58:157-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Rosas JG, Blanco M, González JM, Alcalá M. Quality by design approach of a pharmaceutical gel manufacturing process, part 2: Near infrared monitoring of composition and physical parameters. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4442-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Arzamastsev AP, Sadchikova NP, Titova AV. Current state of IR spectroscopy applied to pharmaceutical analysis. Pharm Chem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-008-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Donoso M, Ghaly ES. Use of Near-Infrared for Quantitative Measurement of Viscosity and Concentration of Active Ingredient in Pharmaceutical Gel. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 11:389-97. [PMID: 16895849 DOI: 10.1080/10837450600770502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is gaining worldwide interest as an analytical tool for quality control of raw materials, intermediate products, and final dosage forms. This technique can be used without sample preparation, therefore, avoiding the need for reagents and solvents. Quantitative NIR analyses involve calibration by sophisticated mathematical techniques that have been used extensively since the advent of microcomputing and chemometrics. The main objective of this investigation was to use transmission near-Infrared spectroscopy to measure the potency of an active ingredient in a topical gel preparation. A second objective was to evaluate the effect of gel viscosity on the NIR reflectance spectra. Four gel formulations with different ibuprofen concentrations were used for quantitative determination of the active ingredient, and five gel formulations with different viscosity values were used for the evaluation of the effect of viscosity change on the near-infrared reflectance spectra. The laboratory ibuprofen quantitative determination was compared to near-infrared transmission data using linear, quadratic, cubic and partial least square techniques to determine the relationship between ultraviolet (UV) determination and near-infrared spectra. For viscosity, the laboratory data were compared to near-infrared diffuse reflectance data using the same techniques used to determine the relationship between Brookfield viscometer determination and near-infrared spectra. The results demonstrated that an increase in ibuprofen concentration and viscosity produced an increase in near-infrared absorbance. Series of model equations were developed from the calibration of laboratory vs. the near-infrared data for each formulation. The near-infrared spectroscopy method is an alternative method that does not require sample pretreatment for quantitative measurement of active ingredient and viscosity of pharmaceutical gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Donoso
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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15
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Roggo Y, Chalus P, Maurer L, Lema-Martinez C, Edmond A, Jent N. A review of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in pharmaceutical technologies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:683-700. [PMID: 17482417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast and non-destructive analytical method. Associated with chemometrics, it becomes a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. Indeed, NIRS is suitable for analysis of solid, liquid and biotechnological pharmaceutical forms. Moreover, NIRS can be implemented during pharmaceutical development, in production for process monitoring or in quality control laboratories. This review focuses on chemometric techniques and pharmaceutical NIRS applications. The following topics are covered: qualitative analyses, quantitative methods and on-line applications. Theoretical and practical aspects are described with pharmaceutical examples of NIRS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Roggo
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Bempong DK, Bhattacharyya L. Development and validation of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for ketoprofen topical penetrating gel. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:341-6. [PMID: 15909539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic RP-HPLC procedure has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of ketoprofen in a topical gel. The HPLC procedure consist of a YMC ODS-AQ, 5-microm particle size analytical column (150 mm x 4.6 mm); Alltech Econosphere C18, 5-microm particle size guard column; detection at 233 nm; 1 ml/min flow rate; 20-microl injection volume. The mobile phase consisted of pH 3.5 phosphate buffer-water-acetonitrile (8:43:49, v/v). Sample preparation was a simple extraction of ketoprofen with mobile phase. The above conditions resolved and eluted ketoprofen, excipients, and potential degradants within 35 min, with ketoprofen eluting at about 6.5 min. The procedure was validated with respect to specificity, accuracy, precision, and linearity. The accuracy of the procedure, determined by spike recovery measurements, was 100.1-100.5%. The intra- and inter-day precisions were demonstrated by the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.3-0.6% and 0.5%, respectively. The intermediate precision was determined by comparing the results obtained with four independently prepared samples by two chemists using two columns on different days. The results indicate no significant difference (P = 0.17). The procedure showed linearity over the concentration range 4 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-1) mg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Bempong
- Information and Standards Development, US Pharmacopeia, 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Islam MT, Rodríguez-Hornedo N, Ciotti S, Ackermann C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of neutralizer-Carbomer and surfactant-Carbomer interactions in aqueous, hydroalcoholic, and anhydrous gel formulations. AAPS JOURNAL 2004; 6:e35. [PMID: 15760100 PMCID: PMC2751231 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj060435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the polymer-surfactant and polymer-neutralizer interactions in topical aqueous, anhydrous, and hydroalcoholic gel formulations using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The gels were prepared by dispersing Carbomer (Carbopol 980) in water and ethanol for aqueous and anhydrous systems, respectively. Glycerol and propylene glycol were also added to ensure that the compositions of gels closely resembled those used in typical topical gel formulations. Comparisons of the spectra of Carbopol dispersions in aqueous, anhydrous, and hydroalcoholic systems, performed for the first time, show Carbopol-neutralizer and Carbopol-surfactant interactions vary depending on the nature of the solvents used for gel formation. Analysis of the spectra of aqueous gel formulations indicates significant presence of ionized carboxyl groups only at higher pH (approximately 8.0). Drying of the aqueous gels causes a shift in the carbonyl stretch band toward higher energy, suggesting changes in polymer-neutralizer interaction. Anhydrous gels exhibit 2 different carbonyl stretch bands: the one at approximately 1653 cm(-1) is related to the carboxyl group that is hydrogen bonded and is akin to hydrous gels; the second one at approximately 1717 cm(-1) is indicative of free carbonyl groups. The carbonyl bands of dried gels appear at different energy levels than the solvated gels. This shift resulting from solvent evaporation, reported for the first time, indicates changes in hydrogen bond characteristics. The results show that FTIR can be a good technique compared with other more time-consuming means of analysis for topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T. Islam
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Susan Ciotti
- />Pfizer, Inc, 2800 Plymouth Rd, 48105 Ann Arbor, MI
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Woo YA, Kim HJ. Rapid determination of hydrogen peroxide in whitening patches for teeth using a new portable near-infrared spectrometer. Microchem J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tumuluri SVS, Prodduturi S, Crowley MM, Stodghill SP, McGinity JW, Repka MA, Avery BA. The use of near-infrared spectroscopy for the quantitation of a drug in hot-melt extruded films. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2004; 30:505-11. [PMID: 15244086 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-120037481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to demonstrate the utility of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for quantitative analysis of a model drug in hot-melt extruded film formulations. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) films with clotrimazole (CT) as a model drug were prepared by hot-melt extrusion (HME) incorporating drug concentrations ranging from 0-20% and analyzed using a Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectrophotometer in the reflectance mode, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was the reference method used for this study. The NIR calibration model derived for CT was composed of 21 frequency ranges that were correlated to the values quantified using the HPLC reference method. The NIR method developed resulted in an assayed CT amount in the film matrix to be within 3.5% of the quantity determined by the reference method. These studies clearly demonstrate that NIRS is a powerful method for the quantitation of active drug substances contained in films produced by HME and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Venkata S Tumuluri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA
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