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Gharaibeh SF, Tahaineh L. Effect of strength and porosity of tablets on the magnitudes of subdivision forces. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:138-142. [PMID: 36622883 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2167089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a hardness tester was modified by attaching a metal blade to its testing area to obtain the minimum forces required to subdivide tablets along their diameters (F'). Moreover, the tensile strengths of subdividing tablets (TS') were calculated. Tablets of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) weighing 0.5 g were produced at applied compression pressures of 21, 31, 41, 50, and 60 MPa. In addition, tablets of Ludipress®, and a 5:2 mixture of paracetamol to MCC weighing 0.7 g were produced at applied compression pressures of 77, 116, 154, 193, and 232 MPa. It was found that F' increased as the applied compression pressure used to produce the tablets increased until a maximum value was reached. This maximum value was at around 100 N for MCC and Ludipress® tablets and at around 76 N for paracetamol/MCC tablets. Moreover, a maximum value of TS' was reached at a porosity of 0.37 for MCC, 0.15 for Ludipress®, and 0.11 for paracetamol/MCC tablets. The maximum TS' values were at around 1.5 MPa for MCC and Ludipress® tablets and at around 0.9 MPa for paracetamol/MCC tablets. Therefore, both inter particulate bonding (tablet strength) and porosity (packing) affected the magnitudes of F' and TS'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi F Gharaibeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
| | - Linda Tahaineh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Concerns regarding tablet splitting: a systematic review. BJGP Open 2022; 6:BJGPO.2022.0001. [PMID: 35193886 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2022.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tablet splitting can provide dose flexibility and cost savings; however, pharmaceutical representatives typically discourage the practice. AIM To identify and summarise all published concerns related to tablet splitting and to present the experimental evidence that investigates those concerns. DESIGN & SETTING Systematic review and qualitative synthesis of tablet-splitting concerns and evidence. METHOD Medline and EMBASE databases were searched over all years of publication for articles in English discussing the splitting of tablets. Eligible articles included original research, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and expert opinion. RESULTS After removing duplicates, 1837 potentially relevant articles underwent dual review, whereupon 1612 articles were excluded based on title and abstract. After examination of 225 full texts, 138 articles were included (one systematic review, four narrative reviews, 101 original research articles, and 32 opinion articles). The described concerns included difficulty breaking tablets, loss of mass, weight variability, chemical instability, overly rapid dosing if sustained-release medications are split, non-compliance, and patient confusion resulting in medication errors. No substantive evidence was found to support concerns regarding loss of mass, weight variability, chemical instability, or non-compliance. Evidence does support some older adults struggling to split tablets without tablet splitters, and the inappropriateness of splitting sustained-release preparations, given the potential for alteration of the rate of drug release for some products. CONCLUSION With the exception of sustained-release tablets, which should not be split, and excepting those older people who may struggle to split tablets based on physical limitations, there is little evidence to support tablet-splitting concerns.
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Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Assessment of Polymer-Ceramic Composites Loaded with Salvia officinalis Extract. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206000. [PMID: 34683591 PMCID: PMC8540233 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, hydroxyapatite-polymer materials were developed. The preparation, as well as characterization of the ceramic-polymer composites based on polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate, and gelatin were described. The system was enriched with the addition of common sage extract (Salvia officinalis). The antioxidant potential of sage aqueous extract and total polyphenol content was determined. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of extract were equal to 86.06 ± 0.49% and 16.21 ± 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight, respectively. Incubation studies in selected biological liquids were carried out to determine the biomineralization capacity on the surface of the composites and to examine the kinetics of release of the active substances from within the material. As a result of the incubation, a gradual release of the extract over time from the polymer matrix was observed; moreover, the appearance of new apatite layers on the composite surface was recorded as early as after 14 days, which was also confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis. The composites were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the morphology was recorded by scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. The in vitro biological studies allowed their cytotoxic effect on the reference L929 fibroblasts to be excluded. Further analysis of the biomaterials showed that enrichment with polyphenols does not support the adhesion of L929 cells to the surface of the material. However, the addition of these natural components stimulates human monocytes that constitute the first step of tissue regeneration.
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Bedogni GR, Pires FQ, Chaker JA, Sa-Barreto LL, Seremeta K, Okulik N, Salomon CJ, Cunha-Filho M. Elucidating the Splitting Behavior of Tablets to Optimize the Pharmacotherapy in Veterinary Medicine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:67. [PMID: 33554316 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the splitting of tablets can bring serious risks to the health of the treated animals, e.g., the possible adverse reactions caused by overdoses of fenbendazole or aspirin. In this regard, this work aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the splitting behavior of commercial veterinary tablets and identifying the technological aspects that interfere in this process. Tablets were cut in halves using a tablet splitter and were analyzed regarding mass variation, mass loss, friability, and hardness. Microstructural and morphological evaluations were also performed. For most of the tablets, organic flavor additives provided more uniformity and cohesive matrix, which preserved its hardness after the cut and led to subdivision results within acceptable limits for mass measurements and friability. Apart from the microstructure, the most critical technological aspect for a correct splitting performance in such tablets was the presence of a score. Thus, the results presented here allow us to guide the manufacturing of veterinary drug products in order to produce tablets more adapted to the splitting process.
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Lima AL, Pinho LAG, Chaker JA, Sa-Barreto LL, Marreto RN, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, Cunha-Filho M. Hot-Melt Extrusion as an Advantageous Technology to Obtain Effervescent Drug Products. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080779. [PMID: 32824475 PMCID: PMC7464369 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we assessed the feasibility of hot-melt extrusion (HME) to obtain effervescent drug products for the first time. For this, a combined mixture design was employed using paracetamol as a model drug. Extrudates were obtained under reduced torque (up to 0.3 Nm) at 100 °C to preserve the stability of the effervescent salts. Formulations showed vigorous and rapid effervescent disintegration (<3 min), adequate flow characteristics, and complete solubilization of paracetamol instantly after the effervescent reaction. Formulations containing PVPVA in the concentration range of 15–20% m/m were demonstrated to be sensitive to accelerated aging conditions, undergoing marked microstructural changes, since the capture of water led to the agglomeration and loss of their functional characteristics. HPMC matrices, in contrast, proved to be resistant to storage conditions in high relative humidity, showing superior performance to controls, including the commercial product. Moreover, the combined mixture design allowed us to identify significant interactions between the polymeric materials and the disintegrating agents, showing the formulation regions in which the responses are kept within the required levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HME can bring important benefits to the elaboration of effervescent drug products, simplifying the production process and obtaining formulations with improved characteristics, such as faster disintegration, higher drug solubilization, and better stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Lima
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (A.L.L.); (L.A.G.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Ludmila A. G. Pinho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (A.L.L.); (L.A.G.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Juliano A. Chaker
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil; (J.A.C.); (L.L.S.-B.)
| | - Livia L. Sa-Barreto
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil; (J.A.C.); (L.L.S.-B.)
| | - Ricardo Neves Marreto
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (A.L.L.); (L.A.G.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Guilherme M. Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (A.L.L.); (L.A.G.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (A.L.L.); (L.A.G.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-61-31071990
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Melo VV, Pereira GR, Soares AQ, Silva IC, Taveira SF, Cunha-Filho M, Marreto RN. Prevalence of tablet splitting in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2020; 18:1910. [PMID: 32566050 PMCID: PMC7290181 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2020.2.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although a highly common practice in hospital care, tablet splitting can cause dose variation and reduce drug stability, both of which impair drug therapy. Objective: To determine the overall prevalence of tablet splitting in hospital care as evidence supporting the rational prescription of split tablets in hospitals. Methods: Data collected from inpatients’ prescriptions were analyzed using descriptive statistics and used to calculate the overall prevalence of tablet splitting and the percentage of split tablets that had at least one lower-strength tablet available on the market. The associations between the overall prevalence and gender, age, and hospital unit of patients were also assessed. The results of laboratory tests, performed with a commercial splitter, allowed the calculation of the mass loss, mass variation, and friability of the split tablets. Results: The overall prevalence of tablet splitting was 4.5%, and 78.5% of tablets prescribed to be split had at least one lower-strength tablet on the market. The prevalence of tablet splitting was significantly associated with the patient’s age and hospital unit. Laboratory tests revealed mean values of mass loss and variation of 8.7% (SD 1.8) and 11.7% (SD 2.3), respectively, both of which were significantly affected by the presence of coating and scoreline. Data from laboratory tests indicated that the quality of 12 of the 14 tablets deviated in at least one parameter examined. Conclusions: The high percentage of unnecessary tablet splitting suggests that more regular, rational updates of the hospital’s list of standard medicines are needed. Also, inappropriate splitting behavior suggests the need to develop tablets with functional scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne V Melo
- MSc. Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás. Goiânia, GO (Brazil).
| | - Gessyka R Pereira
- MSc. Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás. Goiânia, GO (Brazil).
| | - Amanda Q Soares
- PhD, MSc. Pharmacy Service, University Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás. Goiânia, GO (Brazil).
| | - Izabel C Silva
- PhD, Msc. Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF (Brazil).
| | - Stephania F Taveira
- PhD, MSc. Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás. Goiânia, GO (Brazil).
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- PhD, MSc. Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF (Brazil).
| | - Ricardo N Marreto
- PhD. Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás. Goiânia, GO (Brazil).
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Gharaibeh SF, Tahaineh L. Effect of different splitting techniques on the characteristics of divided tablets of five commonly split drug products in Jordan. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2020; 18:1776. [PMID: 32377280 PMCID: PMC7194171 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2020.2.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the accuracy, variability, and weight uniformity of tablet subdivision techniques utilized to divide the tablets of five drug products that are commonly prescribed for use as half tablets in Jordan. Methods Ten random tablets of five commonly subdivided drug products were weighed and subdivided using three subdivision techniques: hand breaking, kitchen knife, and tablet cutter. The five commonly subdivided drug products (warfarin 5 mg, levothyroxine 50 μg, levothyroxine 100 μg, candesartan 16 mg, and carvedilol 25 mg) were weighed. The weights were analyzed for acceptance, accuracy, and variability. Weight variation acceptance criteria were adopted in this work as a tool to indicate the properness of the subdivision techniques used to produce acceptable half tablets. Other relevant physical characteristics of the five products such as tablet shape, dimensions, face curvature, score depth, and crushing strength were measured. Results All tablets were round in shape, had weights that ranged between 100.63 mg (standard deviation=0.99) and 379.04 mg (standard deviation=3.00), and had crushing strengths that ranged between 23.29 N (standard deviation=3.58)and 103.35 N (standard deviation=14.98). Both candesartan and carvedilol were bi-convex in shape with an extent of face curvature equal to about 33%. In addition, percentage score depth of the tablets had a range between 0% and 24%. The accuracy and variability of subdivision varied according to the subdivision technique used and tablet characteristics. Accuracy range was between 81% and 109.8%. Moreover, the relative standard deviation was between 1.5% and 17.4%. Warfarin 5 mg subdivided tablets failed the weight variation test regardless of the subdivision technique used. Subdivision by hand produced half tablets that were acceptable for levothyroxine 50 μg and levothyroxine 100 μg. Subdivision by knife produced half tablets that were acceptable only for candesartan tablets. However, the tablet cutter produced half tablets that passed the weight variation test for four out of the five drug products tested in this study. Conclusions The tablet cutter performed better than the other subdivision techniques used. It produced half tablets that passed the weight uniformity test for four drug products out of the five.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi F Gharaibeh
- PhD. Associate Professor. Faculty of Pharmacy, Jerash University. Jerash (Jordan).
| | - Linda Tahaineh
- PharmD, MS. Professor. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology. Irbid (Jordan).
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Abstract
Tablet splitting is a practice disseminated among health professionals for dose adjustments, swallowing facilitation or even treatment cost reduction. Nevertheless, tablets not designed for this purpose cause imprecise dosage and stability loss with important therapeutic repercussions. Novel technologies of modified drug release tablets have come to market including new materials and innovative production processes, for example, polymeric matrix, orodispersible, 3D printing, MUPs, etc. The heterogeneity and complexity of these tablets go well beyond a traditional gastroresistant coating tablet, making orientations on the practice of tablet subdivision difficult. This editorial aims to provide a critical and up-to-date evaluation of this scenario based on the most recent studies involving the subdivision of modified-release tablets.
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van Riet-Nales D, Donkerbroek L, Nicia A, Oussoren C, de Boer A, van den Bemt B. The development of a test battery to assess the hand-eye functions relevant in predicting easy and accurate tablet subdivision in older people: A pilot study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 86:1969-1981. [PMID: 31875976 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tablets may be subdivided for dose adaptations or to ease swallowing. The handling is common in older patients but can be difficult and inaccurate. Currently, it is not known which hand-eye functions determine the ability of older people to break tablets by hand and to do so with acceptable ease and accuracy. The aim of this study was to develop a test battery to assess the hand-eye functions relevant in predicting easy and accurate tablet subdivision in older people. METHODS A mixed methods study was conducted including literature reviews and a pilot experiment. The reviews were conducted in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Dutch journals and professional standards. The first review tried to identify the hand-eye functions relevant to tablet subdivision and the second the associated measuring instruments, testing protocols and normative data. A test battery was empanelled. A pilot experiment was conducted in 30 adult volunteers to optimize and evaluate the test battery. RESULTS Five domains were considered relevant: hand size, hand strength, flexibility/manual dexterity, vision and coordination. Hand size could best be measured by finger circumference, hand strength by pinch- and grip strength, flexibility by active range of joint motion, manual dexterity (and flexibility, coordination, cognition, vision) by pegboard function, vision by near visual acuity. Older people preferred the use of tablet splitters over hand breaking. CONCLUSION Easy and accurate tablet subdivision is essential to the good use of medicines. We developed a test battery for older people, but probably of value to all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnes Nicia
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christien Oussoren
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anthonius de Boer
- Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van den Bemt
- Out-Patient Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek, Ubbergen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Teixeira MT, Sa-Barreto LL, Taveira SF, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, Marreto RN, Silva IC, Cunha-Filho M. The Influence of Matrix Technology on the Subdivision of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 21:8. [PMID: 31797144 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The subdivision of sustained release tablets is a controversial issue, especially concerning its impact on dissolution profiles. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the behavior upon subdivision of this class of tablets. For this, three common sustained release matrices containing different technologies were selected, e.g., a tablet comprised of a multiple-unit particulate system (MUPS), a lipid matrix tablet, and a polymeric inert matrix tablet. These tablets were studied concerning their physicochemical performance, dissolution rate, and kinetic profile before and after their subdivision. When subdivision occurred in the scoreline, mass variation and mass loss were below the mean values described in the literature. The dissolution of tablets with inert matrices and some lipid tablets that had their matrices preserved along the dissolution was influenced directly by tablet surface area, which increased after the subdivision. Such a result implies possible clinical consequences, especially in the case of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, such as clomipramine. Conversely, the subdivision of MUPS tablets did not interfere in the dissolution profile since the drug was released from the granules that resulted from tablet disintegration. Hence, MUPS technology is the most recommended to produce sustained release matrix tablets intended for dose adjustment upon subdivision.
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Tablet Scoring: Current Practice, Fundamentals, and Knowledge Gaps. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9153066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral solid dosage formulations and/or tablets have remained the preferred route of administration by both patients and health care practitioners. Oral tablets are easy to administer, they are non-invasive and cause less risk adversity. Because of the lack of commercially available tablet dose options, tablets are being split or partitioned by users. Tablet scoring refers to the breakage of a tablet to attain a desired efficacy dose and is an emerging concept in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary reason for the tablet scoring practice is to adjust the dose: dose tapering or dose titrating. Other reasons for tablet partitioning are to facilitate dose administration, particularly among the pediatric and the geriatric patient population, and to mitigating the high cost of prescription drugs. The scope of this review is to: (1) evaluate the advantages and inconveniences associated with tablet scoring/portioning, and (2) identify factors in the formulation and the manufacturing of tablets that influence tablet splitting. Whereas tablet partitioning has been a common practice, there is a lack of understanding regarding the fundamentals underpinning the performance of tablets with respect to splitting. Several factors can influence tablet partitioning: tablet size, shape, and thickness. A requirement has recently been set by the European Pharmacopoeia and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the uniformity of mass of subdivided tablets. For breaking ease, an in-vivo reference test and a routinely applicable in-vitro test need to be established.
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Cunha-Filho M, Teixeira MT, Santos-Rosales V, Sa-Barreto LL, Marreto RN, Martin-Pastor M, García-González CA, Landin M. The subdivision behavior of polymeric tablets. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118554. [PMID: 31336153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The subdivision behavior of polymeric tablets produced with the well-known polymers Soluplus® (SOL), polyvinyl pyrrolidone co-vinyl acetate (PVPVA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was evaluated in this study. The polymeric tablets were submitted to different post-treatments (aging, thermal and exposure to compressed gaseous carbon dioxide) and its mechanical, spectroscopic and microstructure properties were assessed. SOL tablets showed the best results for tablet subdivision, particularly, the mean mass variation (3.9%) was significantly lower than the other two polymeric tablets (7.2% and 9.1% for PVPVA and HPMC, respectively), and showed better results than common tablets produced from powder matrices (7-14%). SOL tablets were also more sensitive to the different post-treatments applied, which reduced the mass loss and friability from 1.5% and 0.8%, respectively, to values close to zero and without altering their porosity. The thermal treatment of PVPVA tablets, in turn, also led to similar subdivision results, with mass loss of 0.3% and friability of 0.02%. In contrast, the granules of HPMC presented compaction difficulties making its tablets unsuitable for the subdivision process, even after additional post-treatment. Polymeric matrices with uniform internal structure and appropriate mechanical strength are the key to a better adaptation for the tablet subdivision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Maíra T Teixeira
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Víctor Santos-Rosales
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Livia L Sa-Barreto
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Marreto
- Laboratory of Nanosystems and Drug Delivery Devices (NanoSYS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Manuel Martin-Pastor
- Unidad de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, RIAIDT, CACTUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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