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Ha NM, Son NT. Health benefits of fraxetin: From chemistry to medicine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400092. [PMID: 38501886 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Fraxetin is a bioactive molecule present in various natural plants, especially Cortex Fraxini. Evidenced outcomes in phytochemical and biological analyses for this agent are now available in the literature, but an insightful review is yet unknown. The goal of the current research is to offer a panoramic illustration of natural observation, biosynthesis, synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics for fraxetin. Esculetin and ferulic acid acted as precursors in the enzymatic biosynthetic route, whereas fraxetin could be easily synthesized from simple phenols. A great deal of interest was obtained in using this molecule for pharmacological targets. Herein, its pharmacological value included anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antimicrobial activities, as well as the protection of the liver, neurons, heart, bone, lung, kidney, and others. Anticancer activity may involve the inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration, together with apoptotic induction. Health benefits from this molecule were deduced from its ability to suppress cytokines and protect the immune syndrome. Various signaling pathways, such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NLRP3, Akt/AMPK, have been proposed for in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of action. Fraxetin is highly distributed to rat plasma and several organs. However, more pharmacokinetic studies to improve its bioavailability are needed since its solubility in water is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Ha
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Sun X, Jin X, Wang L, Lin Z, Feng H, Zhan C, Liu X, Cheng G. Fraxetin ameliorates symptoms of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23295. [PMID: 38163213 PMCID: PMC10755303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the primary inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and causes a serious threat to human public health around the world. Currently, there are no proven safe and effective treatment options to treat UC. Fraxetin (Fxt) is a widely recognized antioxidant and anti-inflammatory legume derived from ash bark. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of Fxt on UC. Our results showed that Fxt significantly attenuated the body weight, colon length reduction, tissue damage, and disease activity index induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Moreover, the DSS-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasomes was inhibited, and the inflammatory response was reduced. Fxt restored gut barrier function by increasing the number of goblet cells and the levels of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). In addition, Fxt can alter the intestinal microbiota by enhancing the diversity of the microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. These results revealed that Fxt alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating the inflammatory response, enhancing epithelial barrier integrity and regulating the gut microbiota. This study may provide a scientific basis for the potential therapeutic effect of Fxt in the prevention of colitis and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Sun
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lumeng Wang
- Shengming Biological Technology (Zhengzhou) Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhengdan Lin
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Helong Feng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cunlin Zhan
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang T, Su X, Peng J, Tan X, Yang G, Zhang T, Chen F, Wang C, Ma K. Deciphering the pharmacological mechanisms of Fraxini Cortex for ulcerative colitis treatment based on network pharmacology and in vivo studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:152. [PMID: 37161415 PMCID: PMC10170718 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common type of inflammatory bowel disease. Due to the elusive pathogenesis, safe and effective treatment strategies are still lacking. Fraxini Cortex (FC) has been widely used as a medicinal herb to treat some diseases. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of FC for UC treatment are still unclear. METHODS An integrated platform combining network pharmacology and experimental studies was introduced to decipher the mechanism of FC against UC. The active compounds, therapeutic targets, and the molecular mechanism of action were acquired by network pharmacology, and the interaction between the compounds and target proteins were verified by molecular docking. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model was employed to assess the therapeutic effect of FC on UC, and validate the molecular mechanisms of action predicted by network pharmacology. RESULTS A total of 20 bioactive compounds were retrieved, and 115 targets were predicted by using the online databases. Ursolic acid, fraxetin, beta-sitosterol, and esculetin were identified as the main active compounds of FC against UC. PPI network analysis identified 28 FC-UC hub genes that were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. Molecular docking confirmed that the active compounds had high binding affinities to the predicted target proteins. GEO dataset analysis showed that these target genes were highly expressed in the UC clinical samples compared with that in the healthy controls. Experimental studies showed that FC alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms, reduced inflammatory cytokines release, and suppressed the expression levels of IL1β, COX2, MMP3, IL-17 and RORγt in colon tissues. CONCLUSION FC exhibits anti-UC properties through regulating multi-targets and multi-pathways with multi-components. In vivo results demonstrated that FC alleviated DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Su
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Tan
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangshan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyue Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelong Ma
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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Shi F, Li R, Wang W, Yu X, Zhu F, Huang Y, Wang J, Zhang Z. Carboxymethyl starch as a solid dispersion carrier to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of piperine and 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:30-41. [PMID: 36803327 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2182120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the applicability of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) as a carrier to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of piperine (PIP) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (β-GA) (PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs) and to explore the influence of drug properties on carrier selection. SIGNIFICANCE The low oral bioavailability of natural therapeutic molecules, including PIP and β-GA, severely restricts their pharmaceutical applications. Moreover, CMS, a natural polymer, is rarely reported as a carrier for SDs. METHODS PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for formulation characterization. Additionally, drug release characteristics were investigated. RESULTS In vitro dissolution studies showed that the dissolutions of PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs were 1.90-2.04 and 1.97-2.22 times higher than pure PIP and β-GA, respectively, at a drug:polymer ratio of 1:6. DSC, XRPD, FT-IR, and SEM analyses confirmed the formation of SDs in their amorphous states. Significant improvements in Cmax and AUC0-24 h of PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs (17.51 ± 8.15 μg/mL and 210.28 ± 117.13 μg·h/mL, respectively) and (32.17 ± 9.45 μg/mL and 165.36 ± 38.75 μg·h/mL, respectively) were observed in the pharmacokinetic study. Compared with weakly acidic β-GA, loading weakly basic PIP seemed to have a profound effect on stability through intermolecular forces. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed CMS could be a promising carrier for SDs, and loading weakly basic drug may be more suitable, especially in binary SDs system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenxia Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
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Huang S, Zhai B, Fan Y, Sun J, Cheng J, Zou J, Zhang X, Shi Y, Guo D. Development of Paeonol Liposomes: Design, Optimization, in vitro and in vivo Evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5027-5046. [PMID: 36303804 PMCID: PMC9594912 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s363135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the intractable diseases recognized by the World Health Organization, and paeonol has been proven to have therapeutic effects. However, the low solubility of paeonol limits its clinical application. To prepare and optimize paeonol liposome, study its absorption mechanism and the anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, in order to provide experimental basis for the further development of paeonol into an anti-inflammatory drug in the future. METHODS Paeonol loaded liposomes were prepared and optimized by thin film dispersion-ultrasonic method. The absorption mechanism of paeonol-loaded liposomes was studied by pharmacokinetics, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and Caco-2 cell monolayer model, the anti-inflammatory activity was studied in a mouse ulcerative model. RESULTS Box-Behnken response surface methodology permits to screen the best formulations. The structural and morphological characterization showed that paeonol was entrapped inside the bilayer in liposomes. Pharmacokinetic studies found that the AUC0-t of Pae-Lips was 2.78 times than that of paeonol suspension, indicating that Pae-Lips significantly improved the absorption of paeonol. In situ single intestinal perfusion and Caco-2 monolayer cell model results showed that paeonol was passively transported and absorbed, and was the substrate of P-gp, MRP2 and BCRP, and the Papp value of Pae-Lips was significantly higher than that of paeonol. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory experiments showed that compared with paeonol, Pae-Lips exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION In this study, Pae-Lips were successfully prepared to improve the oral absorption of paeonol. Absorption may involve passive diffusion and efflux transporters. Moreover, Pae-Lips have excellent anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, which preliminarily clarifies the feasibility of further development of Pae-Lips into oral anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangxue Cheng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dongyan Guo, Tel +86-029-38185180, Email
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A biodegradable long-term contraceptive implant with steady levonorgestrel release based on PLGA microspheres embedded in PCL-coated implant. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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