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Lin Y, Li L, Li Y, Wang K, Wei D, Xu S, Feng B, Che L, Fang Z, Li J, Zhuo Y, Wu D. Interpretation of Fiber Supplementation on Offspring Testicular Development in a Pregnant Sow Model from a Proteomics Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184549. [PMID: 31540305 PMCID: PMC6770271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of maternal fiber supplementation during pregnancy on the testicular development of male offspring and its possible mechanisms, 36 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were allocated to either a control diet (n = 18) or a fiber diet (the control diet supplemented with 22.60 g/kg inulin and 181.60 g/kg cellulosic; n = 18) during pregnancy. The body and testes weight of the offspring, 7-day-old piglets, was recorded. Testes were collected for further analyses. Results showed that the testicular organ index and the number of spermatogonia in single seminiferous tubule were higher in piglets from the fiber group than from the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of glucose, lactate, and lipids in the testes was found in the fiber group (p < 0.05). Proteomic analysis suggested that there were notable differences in glucolipid transport and metabolism, oxidation, and male reproduction-related proteins expression between the two groups (p < 0.05). Results revealed that the most enriched signaling pathways in the fiber group testes included starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the renin-angiotensin system. mRNA expression analyzes further confirmed the importance of some signaling pathways in maternal fiber nutrition regulating offspring testicular development. Our results shed new light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of maternal fiber nutrition on offspring testicular development and provided a valuable insight for future explorations of the effect of maternal fiber nutrition on man reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Lujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Dongqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (B.F.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Wenjiang 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (D.W.)
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Review on molecular and biochemical insights of arsenic-mediated male reproductive toxicity. Life Sci 2018; 212:37-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Borchert A, Kalms J, Roth SR, Rademacher M, Schmidt A, Holzhutter HG, Kuhn H, Scheerer P. Crystal structure and functional characterization of selenocysteine-containing glutathione peroxidase 4 suggests an alternative mechanism of peroxide reduction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1095-1107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Huang Q, Luo L, Alamdar A, Zhang J, Liu L, Tian M, Eqani SAMAS, Shen H. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of rat testis: Mechanism of arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32518. [PMID: 27585557 PMCID: PMC5009432 DOI: 10.1038/srep32518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a widespread metalloid in environment, whose exposure has been associated with a broad spectrum of toxic effects. However, a global view of arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity is still lack, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Our results revealed that arsenic exposure decreased testosterone level and reduced sperm quality in rats. By conducting an integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis, the present study aims to investigate the global influence of arsenic exposure on the proteome and metabolome in rat testis. The abundance of 70 proteins (36 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated) and 13 metabolites (8 increased and 5 decreased) were found to be significantly altered by arsenic treatment. Among these, 19 proteins and 2 metabolites were specifically related to male reproductive system development and function, including spermatogenesis, sperm function and fertilization, fertility, internal genitalia development, and mating behavior. It is further proposed that arsenic mainly impaired spermatogenesis and fertilization via aberrant modulation of these male reproduction-related proteins and metabolites, which may be mediated by the ERK/AKT/NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway. Overall, these findings will aid our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity, and from such studies useful biomarkers indicative of arsenic exposure could be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.,Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, PR China
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361008, PR China
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Meiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | | | - Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
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Ingold I, Aichler M, Yefremova E, Roveri A, Buday K, Doll S, Tasdemir A, Hoffard N, Wurst W, Walch A, Ursini F, Friedmann Angeli JP, Conrad M. Expression of a Catalytically Inactive Mutant Form of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) Confers a Dominant-negative Effect in Male Fertility. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14668-78. [PMID: 25922076 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.656363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The selenoenzyme Gpx4 is essential for early embryogenesis and cell viability for its unique function to prevent phospholipid oxidation. Recently, the cytosolic form of Gpx4 was identified as an upstream regulator of a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death, called ferroptosis, whereas the mitochondrial isoform of Gpx4 was previously shown to be crucial for male fertility. Here, we generated and analyzed mice with a targeted mutation of the active site selenocysteine of Gpx4 (Gpx4_U46S). Mice homozygous for Gpx4_U46S died at the same embryonic stage (E7.5) as Gpx4(-/-) embryos as expected. Surprisingly, male mice heterozygous for Gpx4_U46S presented subfertility. Subfertility was manifested in a reduced number of litters from heterozygous breeding and an impairment of spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes in vitro. Morphologically, sperm isolated from heterozygous Gpx4_U46S mice revealed many structural abnormalities particularly in the spermatozoa midpiece due to improper oxidation and polymerization of sperm capsular proteins and malformation of the mitochondrial capsule surrounding and stabilizing sperm mitochondria. These findings are reminiscent of sperm isolated from selenium-deprived rodents or from mice specifically lacking mitochondrial Gpx4. Due to a strongly facilitated incorporation of Ser in the polypeptide chain as compared with selenocysteine at the UGA codon, expression of the catalytically inactive Gpx4_U46S was found to be strongly increased. Because the stability of the mitochondrial capsule of mature spermatozoa depends on the moonlighting function of Gpx4 both as an enzyme oxidizing capsular protein thiols and as a structural protein, tightly controlled expression of functional Gpx4 emerges as a key for full male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ingold
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena Yefremova
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Katalin Buday
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Doll
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adrianne Tasdemir
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nils Hoffard
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e. V. (DZNE) Standort München, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 Munich, Germany, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Adolf-Butenandt-Institut Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schillerstrasse 44, 80336 Munich, Germany, and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Lehrstuhl für Entwicklungsgenetik c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- From the Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrassse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,
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Brütsch SH, Wang CC, Li L, Stender H, Neziroglu N, Richter C, Kuhn H, Borchert A. Expression of inactive glutathione peroxidase 4 leads to embryonic lethality, and inactivation of the Alox15 gene does not rescue such knock-in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:281-93. [PMID: 25313597 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glutathione peroxidases (Gpx) and lipoxygenases (Alox) are functional counterplayers in the metabolism of hydroperoxy lipids that regulate cellular redox homeostasis. Gpx4 is a moonlighting protein that has been implicated not only as an enzyme in anti-oxidative defense, gene expression regulation, and programmed cell death, but also as a structural protein in spermatogenesis. Homozygous Gpx4 knock-out mice are not viable, but molecular reasons for intrauterine lethality are not completely understood. This study was aimed at investigating whether the lack of catalytic activity or the impaired function as structural protein is the dominant reason for embryonic lethality. We further explored whether the pro-oxidative enzyme mouse 12/15 lipoxygenase (Alox15) plays a major role in embryonic lethality of Gpx4-deficient mice. RESULTS To achieve these goals, we first created knock-in mice, which express a catalytically inactive Gpx4 mutant (Sec46Ala). As homozygous Gpx4-knock-out mice Sec46Ala-Gpx4(+/+) knock-in animals are not viable but undergo intrauterine resorption between embryonic day 6 and 7 (E6-7). In contrast, heterozygous knock-in mice (Sec46Ala-Gpx4(-/+)) are viable, fertile and do not show major phenotypic alterations. Interestingly, homozygous Alox15 deficiency did not rescue the U46A-Gpx4(+/+) mice from embryonic lethality. In fact, when heterozygous U46A-Gpx4(-/+) mice were stepwise crossed into an Alox15-deficent background, no viable U46A-Gpx4(+/+)+Alox15(-/-) individuals were obtained. However, we were able to identify U46A-Gpx4(+/+)+Alox15(-/-) embryos in the state of resorption around E7. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These data suggest that the lack of catalytic activity is the major reason for the embryonic lethality of Gpx4(-/-) mice and that systemic inactivation of the Alox15 gene does not rescue homozygous knock-in mice expressing catalytically silent Gpx4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hanna Brütsch
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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Ahsan U, Kamran Z, Raza I, Ahmad S, Babar W, Riaz MH, Iqbal Z. Role of selenium in male reproduction - a review. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146:55-62. [PMID: 24613013 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of Se and various selenoproteins in male reproductive performance is reviewed. Development of male reproductive tissue requires an optimal level of Se in testis, and a small deviation, either deficiency or excess, leads to abnormal development. Selenium is a constituent of selenoproteins including GPx1, GPx3, mGPx4, cGPx4, and GPx5 that protect against oxidative damage to spermatozoa throughout the process of sperm maturation, whereas selenoproteins, such as mGPx4 and snGPx4, serve as structural components of mature spermatozoa. Thus Se and selenoproteins ensure viability of spermatozoa as well as providing protection against reactive oxygen species. Gene knock-out studies of selenoproteins revealed that their absence during spermatogenesis results in abnormal spermatozoa, which in turn affects semen quality and fertility. Deviation from the optimal quantities of dietary Se, both above or below, may cause multiple abnormalities of spermatozoa and affect motility and fertility. Libido may also be increased by Se. Dietary Se should be in optimal quantity to maintain reproductive function in males and to avoid infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ahsan
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Z Kamran
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - I Raza
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - W Babar
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M H Riaz
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Z Iqbal
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Gu G, Lu L, Feng J, Guo Q, Ding Z. Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1): an obesity-induced rat testicular marker of reduced fertility. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:55-65. [PMID: 24302477 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Male obesity may lead to declines in testosterone levels, reproductive hormonal profile, and semen quantity. To assess the effects of obesity on spermatogenesis, Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet served as a model of induced obesity. The litter sizes for females mated to obese males were significantly lower as compared to females mated with normal-diet-fed controls. Their serum high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and estradiol levels increased in obese males, but testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels decreased. Testicular morphology disruptions included Sertoli-cell atrophy, disrupted tight junctions, and mitochondrial degeneration in spermatogenic cells. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms leading to high-fat-diet-induced changes, we employed testicular proteomic analysis on rats fed both types of diet. Three spots were up-regulated in rats fed a high-fat diet whereas two others were downregulated. One of the upregulated spots was palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1), a lipoprotein metabolizing related enzyme localized to Sertoli cells. In a Sertoli-cell line cultured in a high-fat supplemented medium, PPT1 abundance was accompanied by increases in the endocytic vesicle-associated protein, clathrin, and decreases in the tight junctional proteins, ZO-1 and occludin. In conclusion, declines in rat male fertility induced by a high-fat diet are associated with an altered testicular protein expression pattern as well as disruption of testicular Sertoli-cell and spermatogenic-cell morphology. PPT1 expression may provide a testicular marker of reduced fertility in obese males, as increases in its expression may be detrimental to Sertoli-cell function during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Esakky P, Hansen DA, Drury AM, Moley KH. Molecular analysis of cell type-specific gene expression profile during mouse spermatogenesis by laser microdissection and qRT-PCR. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:238-52. [PMID: 22941942 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112452939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser microdissection (LMD) is a selective cell isolation technique that enables the separation of desired homogenous cell subpopulations from complex tissues such as the testes under direct microscopic visualization. The LMD accompanied by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) represents an indispensable tool in quantifying messenger RNA (mRNA) expression among defined cell populations. Gene expression is temporally and spatially regulated at 3 sequential phases of mitotic, meiotic, and postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. The present study demonstrates a short modified LMD protocol based upon hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Stage-specific LMD success was validated by the use of mRNA profiling of "marker genes" which are conserved across species and are known to be differentially expressed during spermatogenesis. Magea4, Hspa2, Cox6b2, Tnp1, Prm1, and Prm2 are used to differentiate among the microdissected cell populations, namely spermatogonia (group I), spermatocytes (group II), round and condensing spermatids (group III), and elongated and condensed spermatids (group IV), respectively. The LMD combined with qRT-PCR is further extended to assess the cell stage-specific distribution of selected stress response genes such as Hsp90aa1, Gpx4, Ucp2, Sod1, and Sod2. The germ cell-specific mRNA profiles are suitably complemented by Western blot of the LMD samples, immunohistochemistry, and confocal localization of the corresponding proteins. The current study suggests that LMD can successfully isolate cell subpopulations from the complex tissues of the testes; and establish cell stage-specific basal expression patterns of selected stress response genes and proteins. It is our hypothesis that the baseline expression of stress response genes will differ by cell stage to create discrete stage-specific vulnerabilities to reproductive toxicants.
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Devine PJ, Perreault SD, Luderer U. Roles of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in ovarian toxicity. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:27. [PMID: 22034525 PMCID: PMC3290661 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.095224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the ovary is critical to maintain fertility and overall health, and ovarian function depends on the maintenance and normal development of ovarian follicles. This review presents evidence about the potential impact of oxidative stress on the well-being of primordial, growing and preovulatory follicles, as well as oocytes and early embryos, examining cell types and molecular targets. Limited data from genetically modified mouse models suggest that several antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play important roles in follicular development and/or survival. Exposures to agents known to cause oxidative stress, such as gamma irradiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, induce rapid primordial follicle loss; however, the mechanistic role of ROS has received limited attention. In contrast, ROS may play an important role in the initiation of apoptosis in antral follicles. Depletion of glutathione leads to atresia of antral follicles in vivo and apoptosis of granulosa cells in cultured antral follicles. Chemicals, such as cyclophosphamide, dimethylbenzanthracene, and methoxychlor, increase proapoptotic signals, preceded by increased ROS and signs of oxidative stress, and cotreatment with antioxidants is protective. In oocytes, glutathione levels change rapidly during progression of meiosis and early embryonic development, and high oocyte glutathione at the time of fertilization is required for male pronucleus formation and for embryonic development to the blastocyst stage. Because current evidence suggests that oxidative stress can have significant negative impacts on female fertility and gamete health, dietary or pharmacological intervention may prove to be effective strategies to protect female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Devine
- Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sally D. Perreault
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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Shi LG, Xun WJ, Yue WB, Zhang CX, Ren YS, Wang Q, Wu XY, Shi L, Yang RJ, Lei FL. Cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of goat (Capra hircus) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:316-26. [PMID: 20582224 PMCID: PMC2892295 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), as a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme in the glutathione peroxidases (GPx) family, plays multiple roles in organisms. However, there is very little information on PHGPx in goats (Capra hircus). In this study, a full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized from Taihang black goat testes. The 844 bp cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 597 bp. The goat PHGPx nucleotide sequence contains a selenocysteine (sec) codon TGA244-246, two potential start codons ATG20-22 and ATG108-110, a polyadenylation signal AATAAA813-818 and selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) motif AUGA688-691, UGA729-731 and AAA703-705. As a selenoprotein, the active-site motifs and GPx family signature motifs LAFPCNQF101-108 and WNFEK165-170 were also found. The order of PHGPx mRNA expression levels was: testes >> heart > brain > epididymis > kidney > liver > lung > spleen > muscle. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed similar expression differences in different age testes, with high expression levels during adolescence. Immunofluorescence results suggested that PHGPx mainly expressed in Leydig cells and spermatids in mature goat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-guang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Hermo L, Pelletier RM, Cyr DG, Smith CE. Surfing the wave, cycle, life history, and genes/proteins expressed by testicular germ cells. Part 4: intercellular bridges, mitochondria, nuclear envelope, apoptosis, ubiquitination, membrane/voltage-gated channels, methylation/acetylation, and transcription factors. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:364-408. [PMID: 19941288 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As germ cells divide and differentiate from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, they share a number of structural and functional features that are common to all generations of germ cells and these features are discussed herein. Germ cells are linked to one another by large intercellular bridges which serve to move molecules and even large organelles from the cytoplasm of one cell to another. Mitochondria take on different shapes and features and topographical arrangements to accommodate their specific needs during spermatogenesis. The nuclear envelope and pore complex also undergo extensive modifications concomitant with the development of germ cell generations. Apoptosis is an event that is normally triggered by germ cells and involves many proteins. It occurs to limit the germ cell pool and acts as a quality control mechanism. The ubiquitin pathway comprises enzymes that ubiquitinate as well as deubiquitinate target proteins and this pathway is present and functional in germ cells. Germ cells express many proteins involved in water balance and pH control as well as voltage-gated ion channel movement. In the nucleus, proteins undergo epigenetic modifications which include methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, with each of these modifications signaling changes in chromatin structure. Germ cells contain specialized transcription complexes that coordinate the differentiation program of spermatogenesis, and there are many male germ cell-specific differences in the components of this machinery. All of the above features of germ cells will be discussed along with the specific proteins/genes and abnormalities to fertility related to each topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hermo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC Canada H3A 2B2.
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Conrad M, Schweizer U. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms behind selenium-related diseases through knockout mouse studies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:851-65. [PMID: 19803749 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), in the form of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine, is an integral part of selenoproteins and essential for mammals. While a large number of health claims for Se has been proposed in a diverse set of diseases, little is known about the precise molecular mechanisms and the physiological roles of selenoproteins. With the recent and rigorous application of reverse genetics in the mouse, great strides have been made to address this on a more molecular level. In this review, we focus on results obtained from the application of mouse molecular genetics in mouse physiology and discuss these insights into the physiological actions of selenoproteins in light of evidence from human genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, Munich, Germany.
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Conrad M. Transgenic mouse models for the vital selenoenzymes cytosolic thioredoxin reductase, mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:1575-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ramalho-Santos J, Varum S, Amaral S, Mota PC, Sousa AP, Amaral A. Mitochondrial functionality in reproduction: from gonads and gametes to embryos and embryonic stem cells. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15:553-72. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Selenium, a Key Element in Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 636:65-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09597-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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