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Nair A, Anish RJ, Moorthy SN. A review on the role of functional foods and derivatives for diabetes management. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2025; 62:799-809. [PMID: 40182674 PMCID: PMC11961806 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-025-06234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global metabolic disorder affecting the quality of life. The continuous usage of hypoglycaemic agents can control diabetic pathogenesis in patient; however it is challenging to minimize the severe side effects and metabolic contraindications. So, it is necessary to find novel drug candidates or dietary derivatives with minimum side effects, and excellent biological efficacy to meet the demands of the growing population. As a metabolic disorder, DM requires a food based therapy for better recovery. Including various functional foods (legumes, spices and whole grains) in optimal quantity in routine diet can prevent the complications associated with DM. Recent research revealed that the functional foods (FFs) combinations can accelerate the recovery time, promote a clinical total effective rate, and minimize endothelial dysfunction and microvascular episodes, associated with diabetic pathogenesis and provides novel possibilities of cost-effective treatment options for DM management. Innovative technology associated with artificial intelligence (AI), imaging techniques, and metabolic engineering tools help to understand the signalling mechanisms associated with DM and reveal sensitive targets for novel drug interactions, further opening a crucial turning point in DM research. In conclusion, the current review summarized the direct intake of FFs or derivatives, such as food protein and bioactive peptides, can be exploited as promising anti-diabetic agents in the near future. AI's influential role in bioactive peptide design and revealing the newer targets of FFs and FF derivatives (FFDs) in signalling are appraised as promising approaches for DM management. The current findings point to the fact that regulated FFs intake along with health care monitoring can control the complications associated with DM. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, 695581 India
| | | | - S. Narayana Moorthy
- Division of Crop Utilization, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Sreekariyam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695017 India
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Gjorgjieva M, Calo N, Sobolewski C, Portius D, Pitetti JL, Berthou F, Ay AS, Peyrou M, Bourgoin L, Maeder C, Fournier M, Correia de Sousa M, Delangre E, Vinet L, Montet X, Sempoux C, Nef S, Foti M. Hepatic IR and IGF1R signaling govern distinct metabolic and carcinogenic processes upon PTEN deficiency in the liver. JHEP Rep 2025; 7:101305. [PMID: 40115165 PMCID: PMC11925173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Hepatocyte-specific deficiency of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) triggers steatosis and the development of hepatic tumors. The hepatoprotective effect of PTEN may partly depend on its ability to block insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling. This study aimed to evaluate the individual/combined contributions of IR and IGF1R to hepatic metabolism and tumorigenesis induced by PTEN deficiency. Methods Mouse models with hepatocyte-specific deletions of Insr, Igf1r, or both, in addition to Pten, were used to investigate the distinct/combined roles of IR and IGF1R. Analyses focused on the impact of these deletions on hepatic steatosis and metabolism, whole-body adiposity, and liver tumor incidence. Results IR and IGF1R signaling contribute to steatosis induced by Pten ablation through distinct mechanisms. Hepatic IGF1R regulates hepatic glucose output and glycogen storage (2.1-fold increase in hepatic glycogen in PTEN-IGF1RKO mice [n = 10], compared with PTENKO mice [n = 7], p <0.0001). In contrast, hepatic IR exerts a stringent regulation on whole-body adiposity (4-fold increase in white adipose tissue volume in PTEN-IRKO mice [n = 5], compared with PTENKO mice [n = 6], p = 0.0004). Interestingly, triple knockout (Insr, Igf1r, and Pten) in hepatocytes of young adult mice is largely asymptomatic, indicating that PTEN deficiency exerts a major overriding control on the effects of Insr and Igf1r deletion. Furthermore, the combined loss of IR and IGF1R signaling in PTEN-deficient livers restrains liver carcinogenesis, but both receptors have individually distinct effects on the malignancy of liver cancers, with IR deficiency reducing overall cancer incidence and IGF1R deficiency promoting malignancy. Conclusions These findings increase our understanding of the intricate interplay between PTEN, IR, and IGF1R signaling and provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic interventions in hepatic disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma. Impact and implications This study underscores the pivotal roles of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), insulin receptor (IR), and IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) in controlling liver metabolism, systemic adiposity, and liver cancer progression. Our findings on the distinct and combined effects of these receptors in PTEN-deficient mice offer key insights into the mechanisms driving metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and related hepatocarcinogenesis. In addition, this research reveals the potential of IR and IGF1R as biomarkers in liver cancer development, presenting new opportunities for therapeutic targeting and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Calo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Portius
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Pitetti
- Animal Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flavien Berthou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Ay
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Bourgoin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Delangre
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Vinet
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Montet
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tamura M, Watanabe J, Noguchi T, Nishikawa T. High poly-γ-glutamic acid-containing natto improves lipid metabolism and alters intestinal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:47-56. [PMID: 38292115 PMCID: PMC10822762 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several beneficial effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) have been reported. To test whether natto, a fermented soy food rich in γ-PGA, can improve intestinal microbiota content and lipid metabolism in a high-fat diet, we compared the intestinal microbiota content, plasma, liver, and fecal contents, and changes in gene expression in the livers and large intestines of a group of mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cooked soybeans (SC group) and a group fed a high-fat diet supplemented with natto (NA group) for 42 days; high-fat diet-fed mice were used as a control (Con group). Hepatic lipid levels were significantly lower, the fecal bile acid and lipid levels were significantly greater, and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was significantly higher in the SC and NA groups as compared to Con group. Additionally, plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, the expression of liver fatty acid synthase, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly higher in the NA group than in the Con group. Although both natto and cooked soybeans impacted the metabolic response to a high-fat diet, the addition of natto had a greater effect on glucose and lipid metabolism. γ-PGA may play an important role in natto functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Noguchi
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Ibaraki 311-3195, Japan
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Mesgari-Abbasi M, Valizadeh H, Mirzakhani N, Vahdatpour T. Protective effects of di- and tri-peptides containing proline, glycine, and leucine on liver enzymology and histopathology of diabetic mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:59-68. [PMID: 31496300 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1662453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Small peptides as multifunctional biomolecules can prevent the metabolic disorders such as diabetes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of small peptides on the enzymes and histopathology of the liver in mice exposed to diabetes. METHODS Di- and tri-peptides containing proline, glycine, and leucine were produced by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocol. The effects of produced peptides as well as carnosine (Ala-His) and glutathione (Glu-Cys-Gly) were evaluated on hepatic enzymes activity by enzymatic method and histopathology of liver using hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining to assess histologic changes and apoptosis in diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLDS). RESULTS The Ala-His, Leu-Gly and Pro-Gly-Pro peptides had the higher protective effects against the effects of diabetes on the enzymes and histologic changes of liver in mice. CONCLUSION These peptides can be raised as considerable pharmaceutical preventive agent against diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navideh Mirzakhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Tohid Vahdatpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
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Amanah HZ, Tunny SS, Masithoh RE, Choung MG, Kim KH, Kim MS, Baek I, Lee WH, Cho BK. Nondestructive Prediction of Isoflavones and Oligosaccharides in Intact Soybean Seed Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Techniques. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020232. [PMID: 35053964 PMCID: PMC8774574 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for rapid and nondestructive methods to determine chemical components in food and agricultural products is proliferating due to being beneficial for screening food quality. This research investigates the feasibility of Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to predict total as well as an individual type of isoflavones and oligosaccharides using intact soybean samples. A partial least square regression method was performed to develop models based on the spectral data of 310 soybean samples, which were synchronized to the reference values evaluated using a conventional assay. Furthermore, the obtained models were tested using soybean varieties not initially involved in the model construction. As a result, the best prediction models of FT-NIR were allowed to predict total isoflavones and oligosaccharides using intact seeds with acceptable performance (R2p: 0.80 and 0.72), which were slightly better than the model obtained based on FT-IR data (R2p: 0.73 and 0.70). The results also demonstrate the possibility of using FT-NIR to predict individual types of evaluated components, denoted by acceptable performance values of prediction model (R2p) of over 0.70. In addition, the result of the testing model proved the model’s performance by obtaining a similar R2 and error to the calibration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanim Z. Amanah
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.Z.A.); (S.S.T.); (W.-H.L.)
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Salma Sultana Tunny
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.Z.A.); (S.S.T.); (W.-H.L.)
| | - Rudiati Evi Masithoh
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Myoung-Gun Choung
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Dogye Campus, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Gene Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Moon S. Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Powder Mill Road, BARC-East, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (M.S.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Insuck Baek
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Powder Mill Road, BARC-East, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (M.S.K.); (I.B.)
| | - Wang-Hee Lee
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.Z.A.); (S.S.T.); (W.-H.L.)
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.Z.A.); (S.S.T.); (W.-H.L.)
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-8216-715
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Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Jara EL, Salazar LA, Kregiel D, Uprety Y, Akram M, Iqbal M, Martorell M, Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Daştan SD, Cruz-Martins N, Ozdemir FA, Kumar M, Cho WC. Therapeutic Potential of Isoflavones with an Emphasis on Daidzein. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6331630. [PMID: 34539970 PMCID: PMC8448605 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6331630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be useful with a dual-directional purpose by substituting/hindering with estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, daidzein puts forth shielding effects against a great number of diseases, especially those associated with the control of estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, daidzein also has other ER-independent biological activities, such as oxidative damage reduction acting as an antioxidant, immune regulator as an anti-inflammatory agent, and apoptosis regulation, directly linked to its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, the present review is aimed at providing a deepen analysis of daidzein pharmacodynamics and its implications in human health, from its best-known effects alleviating postmenopausal symptoms to its potential anticancer and antiaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Evelyn L. Jara
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL Group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol 1200, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Wang B, Zhang X, Liu M, Li Y, Zhang J, Li A, Zhang H, Xiu R. Insulin protects against type 1 diabetes mellitus-induced ultrastructural abnormalities of pancreatic islet microcirculation. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 69:381-390. [PMID: 32648910 PMCID: PMC7711913 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet microcirculation, consisting of pancreatic islet microvascular endothelial cells (IMECs) and pericytes (IMPCs), provides crucial support for the physiological function of pancreatic islet. Emerging evidence suggests that pancreatic islet microcirculation is impaired in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Here, we investigated the potential ultrastructural protective effects of insulin against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced ultrastructural abnormalities of the pancreatic islet microcirculation in T1DM mouse model. For this purpose, pancreatic tissues were collected from control, STZ-induced T1DM and insulin-treated mice, and a pancreatic IMECs cell line (MS1) was cultured under control, 35 mM glucose with or without 10−8 M insulin conditions. Transmission and scanning electron microscopies were employed to evaluate the ultrastructure of the pancreatic islet microcirculation. We observed ultrastructural damage to IMECs and IMPCs in the type 1 diabetic group, as demonstrated by destruction of the cytoplasmic membrane and organelles (mainly mitochondria), and this damage was substantially reversed by insulin treatment. Furthermore, insulin inhibited collagenous fiber proliferation and alleviated edema of the widened pancreatic islet exocrine interface in T1DM mice. We conclude that insulin protects against T1DM-induced ultrastructural abnormalities of the pancreatic islet microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Pathology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ailing Li
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiu
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
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Bakhtiari A, Hajian-Tilaki K, Omidvar S, Nasiri-Amiri F. Clinical and metabolic response to soy administration in older women with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:47. [PMID: 31249633 PMCID: PMC6584999 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many studies on the health effects of soy, only a few describe the effects of the simultaneous use of two types of soy on multiple components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study was designed to determine the effects of roasted soy-nut and textured soy protein (TSP) intake on clinical and metabolic status of older women with MetS borderline parameters. METHOD This randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial included 75 women ≥ 60 years old with a diagnosis of MetS based on ATP III criteria. The participants were randomly allocated into three groups of 25 people; soy-nut, TSP and control groups for 12 week. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the trial to compare the metabolic responses. All participants provided three dietary records and physical activity records during the intervention. We used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA, ANCOVA, paired-t test, and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) repeated measures analysis. RESULTS Dietary intake and physical activity of the participants in two groups were not significantly different. After 12 weeks of intervention the participants who received soy-nut had a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B100, fasting blood glucose, insulin (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR, malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01) level. Morever, a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p < 0.01) level compared with the control group. At the same time, the TSP brought significant decrease only in TC, insulin, MDA (p < 0.05) level and a significant increase in total TAC (p < 0.05) level. We did not find any significant effect in intervention groups, on apolipoprotein AI, triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), TG/HDL, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels after intervention. CONCLUSION Short-term intakes of roasted soy-nut and TSP have shown to improve the lipid profiles, markers of glucose intolerance and oxidative stress; although the roasted soy-nut was more effective than TSP. Therefore, a moderate daily intake of roasted soy-nut as snacks or TSP as a meal complement by individuals with borderline parameters of MetS can be a safe and a practical modality to avoid the progression of the disease as well as to limit the side effects of drug intake.Trial registration MUBABOL.REC.1388.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Bakhtiari
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shabnam Omidvar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri-Amiri
- Infertility and Health Reproductive Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Bax EN, Cochran KE, Mao J, Wiedmeyer CE, Rosenfeld CS. Opposing effects of S-equol supplementation on metabolic and behavioral parameters in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2018; 64:39-48. [PMID: 30802721 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, such as daidzein and genistein, may be used to treat various hormone-dependent disorders. Daidzein can be metabolized by intestinal microbes to S-equol. However, not all individuals possess bacteria producing this metabolite, resulting in categorization of equol vs nonequol producers. Past human and rodent studies have suggested that supplementation of this compound might yield beneficial metabolic and behavioral effects. We hypothesized that administration of S-equol to diet-induced obese male and female mice would mitigate potential diet-induced metabolic and comorbid neurobehavioral disorders. To test this possibility, we placed 5-week-old C57 mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic the diet currently consumed by many Western adults. Animals were randomly assigned to S-equol supplementation (10 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle control group. After 4 weeks on HFD with or without S-equol supplementation, metabolic and behavioral phenotyping was performed. Although the initial hypothesis proposed that S-equol treatment would improve metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes, this supplementation instead exacerbated aspects of HFD-induced metabolic disease, as indicated by suppressed physical activity in treated individuals, reduced energy expenditure in treated males, and serum chemistry changes (hyperglycemia in treated individuals; hyperinsulinemia and hypoleptinemia in treated males). Conversely, S-equol individuals exhibited less anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, as evidenced by increased exploratory time in the elevated plus maze by treated males and increased time spent mobile in the tail suspension test for treated individuals. In summary, S-equol may be beneficial in mitigating depression and anxiety disorders in individuals, but for indeterminate reasons, supplementation may worsen facets of metabolic disorders in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Bax
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Karlee E Cochran
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jiude Mao
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Charles E Wiedmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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10
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Butcher JT, Mintz JD, Larion S, Qiu S, Ruan L, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW. Increased Muscle Mass Protects Against Hypertension and Renal Injury in Obesity. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009358. [PMID: 30369309 PMCID: PMC6201396 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity compromises cardiometabolic function and is associated with hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Exercise ameliorates these conditions, even without weight loss. Although the mechanisms of exercise's benefits remain unclear, augmented lean body mass is a suspected mechanism. Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass that is upregulated in obesity and downregulated with exercise. The current study tested the hypothesis that deletion of myostatin would increase muscle mass and reduce blood pressure and kidney injury in obesity. Methods and Results Myostatin knockout mice were crossed to db/db mice, and metabolic and cardiovascular functions were examined. Deletion of myostatin increased skeletal muscle mass by ≈50% to 60% without concomitant weight loss or reduction in fat mass. Increased blood pressure in obesity was prevented by the deletion of myostatin, but did not confer additional benefit against salt loading. Kidney injury was evident because of increased albuminuria, which was abolished in obese mice lacking myostatin. Glycosuria, total urine volume, and whole kidney NOX-4 levels were increased in obesity and prevented by myostatin deletion, arguing that increased muscle mass provides a multipronged defense against renal dysfunction in obese mice. Conclusions These experimental observations suggest that loss of muscle mass is a novel risk factor in obesity-derived cardiovascular dysfunction. Interventions that increase muscle mass, either through exercise or pharmacologically, may help limit cardiovascular disease in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. Butcher
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - James D. Mintz
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Sebastian Larion
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Shuiqing Qiu
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - Ling Ruan
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - David J. Fulton
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Department of PharmacologyMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology CenterMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
- Department of PhysiologyMedical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGA
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11
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Liu J, Mi S, Du L, Li X, Li P, Jia K, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhao W, Gao Y. The associations between plasma phytoestrogens concentration and metabolic syndrome risks in Chinese population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194639. [PMID: 29558501 PMCID: PMC5860756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become an important issue in the healthcare systems of both developed and developing countries. Phytoestrogens have shown estrogenic effects, which may involve in the etiology of MetS. The current study consisted of 293 MetS cases and 264 healthy controls. The concentrations of seven plasma phytoestrogens (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, equol, enterolactone, enterodiol and coumestrol) were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. Adjusted unconditional logistic regression was used to assess the associations between plasma phytoestrogens concentration and risks of MetS, as well as the associations between plasma phytoestrogens concentration and MetS components. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between equol concentration in equol-producers and MetS components. Higher concentrations of total isoflavone and equol were associated with decreased risk of MetS. The equol concentration was negatively associated with waist circumference and positively associated with HDL-C level. Increased daidzein was associated with both lower waist circumference and lower fasting blood glucose levels. Our results suggested that higher plasma total isoflavone, equol and daidzein might decrease MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengquan Mi
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Du
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (WZ)
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YG); (WZ)
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12
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Hsu C, Wu BY, Chang YC, Chang CF, Chiou TY, Su NW. Phosphorylation of Isoflavones by Bacillus subtilis BCRC 80517 May Represent Xenobiotic Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:127-137. [PMID: 29231720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The soy isoflavones daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN) have beneficial effects on human health. However, their oral bioavailability is hampered by their low aqueous solubility. Our previous study revealed two water-soluble phosphorylated conjugates of isoflavones, daidzein 7-O-phosphate and genistein 7-O-phosphate, generated via biotransformation by Bacillus subtilis BCRC80517 cultivated with isoflavones. In this study, two novel derivatives of isoflavones, daidzein 4'-O-phosphate and genistein 4'-O-phosphate, were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR, and their biotransformation roadmaps were proposed. Primarily, isoflavone glucosides were deglycosylated and then phosphorylated predominantly into 7-O-phosphate conjugates with traces of 4'-O-phosphate conjugates. Inevitably, trace quantities of glucosides were converted into 6″-O-succinyl glucosides. GEN was more efficiently phosphorylated than DAI. Nevertheless, the presence of GEN prolonged the time until the exponential phase of cell growth, whereas the other isoflavones showed little effect on cell growth. Our findings provide new insights into the novel microbial phosphorylation of isoflavones involved in xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hsu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yuan Wu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chang
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ying Chiou
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology , Kitami 090-8507, Japan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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13
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Faria WCS, Giordani MA, da Silva Arcas A, Cavenaghi DFLC, de Oliveira AP, Dos Santos JF, Barros WM. Novel soybean-based high protein bar rich in isoflavones improves insulin sensitivity in diabetic Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:21-32. [PMID: 29358792 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of whey protein substitution with isolated soy protein in protein bar (PB) formulations at 25% (PB2), 50% (PB3), or 75% (PB1) weight/weight on the proximate and mineral composition, sensory, and antidiabetic properties. Sensory evaluation was conducted within diabetic (DB) and non-diabetic (NDB) consumers by preference ranking and acceptance test. The formulations were analysed in terms of moisture, ash, protein, lipid, carbohydrates, fibers and mineral content. The consumers did not distinguish the formulations by preference ranking test. However, the acceptability test showed a rating of 9 most frequent for PB1 (36.30%), followed by PB2 and PB3 (both 34.09%), among DB consumers. The PB1 and PB3 showed higher content of total, soluble and insoluble fibers and, PB 2 presented higher carbohydrate content. Potassium, sodium and calcium showed the highest mineral content in the formulations. PB3 was assessed for glycaemic and lipidemic control in diabetics and non-diabetics female Wistar rats, for this 20% of PB was added in the ration consumed ad libitum, besides, the rats received 100 mg/kg b. w. by gavage daily. The treatment did not reduce significantly fasting glucose, lipid profile, or peripheral glucose disposal in DB or NDB rats. However, it significantly improved insulin tolerance test values in diabetic rats. The results suggest that the formulations showed good acceptance and potentially ameliorate insulin resistance both in control group and in animal model of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Costa Silva Faria
- 1Food Science and Technology Post-Graduate Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), Cuiabá Campus - Bela Vista, Av. Juliano da Costa Marques s/n, Bela Vista, Cuiabá, MT 78050-560 Brazil
| | - Morenna Alana Giordani
- 2Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, 1200, Setor Industrial, Sinop, MT 78557-267 Brazil
| | - Ariadny da Silva Arcas
- 3Food Engineering Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), Cuiabá Campus - Bela Vista, Av. Juliano da Costa Marques s/n, Bela Vista, Cuiabá, MT 78050-560 Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernanda Lima Carvalho Cavenaghi
- 1Food Science and Technology Post-Graduate Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), Cuiabá Campus - Bela Vista, Av. Juliano da Costa Marques s/n, Bela Vista, Cuiabá, MT 78050-560 Brazil
| | - Adriana Paiva de Oliveira
- 1Food Science and Technology Post-Graduate Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), Cuiabá Campus - Bela Vista, Av. Juliano da Costa Marques s/n, Bela Vista, Cuiabá, MT 78050-560 Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Fiuza Dos Santos
- 4Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá Campus. Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900 Brazil
| | - Wander Miguel Barros
- 1Food Science and Technology Post-Graduate Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso (IFMT), Cuiabá Campus - Bela Vista, Av. Juliano da Costa Marques s/n, Bela Vista, Cuiabá, MT 78050-560 Brazil
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14
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Huang G, Xu J, Lefever DE, Glenn TC, Nagy T, Guo TL. Genistein prevention of hyperglycemia and improvement of glucose tolerance in adult non-obese diabetic mice are associated with alterations of gut microbiome and immune homeostasis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:138-148. [PMID: 28412308 PMCID: PMC5592136 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have linked soy phytoestrogen 4,7,4-trihydroxyisoflavone genistein (GEN) to reduced type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk, the mechanism of dietary GEN on T1D remains unknown. In our studies, adult non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model was employed to investigate the effects of GEN exposure on blood glucose level (BGL), glucose tolerance, gut microbiome, and immune responses. Adult male and female NOD mice were fed with either soy-based or casein-based diet, and received GEN at 20mg/kg body weight by gavage daily. The BGL and immune responses (represented by serum antibodies, cytokines and chemokines, and histopathology) were monitored, while the fecal gut microbiome was sequenced for 16S ribosomal RNA to reveal any alterations in gut microbial communities. A significantly reduced BGL was found in NOD males fed with soy-based diet on day 98 after initial dosing, and an improved glucose tolerance was observed on both diets. In addition, an anti-inflammatory response (suggested by reduced IgG2b and cytokine/chemokine levels, and alterations in the microbial taxonomy) was accompanied by an altered β-diversity in gut microbial species. Among the NOD females exposed to GEN, a later onset of T1D was observed. However, the profiles of gut microbiome, antibodies and cytokines/chemokines were all indicative of pro-inflammation. This study demonstrated an association among GEN exposure, gut microbiome alteration, and immune homeostasis in NOD males. Although the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GEN in NOD mice need to be explored further, the current study suggested a GEN-induced sex-specific effect in inflammatory status and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, United States
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Daniel E Lefever
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, United States
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States.
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15
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Characterization of the post-prandial insulinemic response and low glycaemic index of a soy beverage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182762. [PMID: 28793331 PMCID: PMC5549974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is recognized as rich source of bioactive compounds for the improvement of glucose homeostasis. However, the post-prandial mechanisms of action have not been extensively described. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in glucose homeostasis and related factors after acute intake of a soy beverage. Twenty-nine subjects (15 women and 14 men, with an average age of 19.5 ± 1.2) ingested 500 mL of water, glucose (20.5 g/500 mL) and soy beverage (20 g of carbohydrate) in three separate sessions. Capillary blood glucose was monitored every 15 min until 120 min post-prandial, and blood samples were collected at baseline and after 60 min for insulin, incretin, free amino acids, antioxidant capacity and inflammation marker analysis. The increase in capillary glucose after soy-beverage intake was negligible. This is explained in part by an increase in 83% in insulin levels than induced with glucose alone, which is mainly mediated by a low insulin degradation ratio (determined by c-peptide ratio), incretins and likely also by the modulation of the antioxidant environment. No associations were observed between the insulin levels and soy amino acid uptake. It could be concluded that the acute low glycaemic response of a soy beverage may involves a relationship between incretin and insulin secretion and insulin degradation.
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16
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The α' subunit of β-conglycinin and various glycinin subunits of soy are not required to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism in rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1157-1168. [PMID: 28324208 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of soy proteins with depletion of different subunits of the two major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, on hepatic lipids and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in rats, since the bioactive component of soy responsible for lipid-lowering is unclear. METHODS Weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 20% casein protein in the absence (casein) or presence (casein + ISF) of isoflavones or 20% alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI) or 20% soy protein concentrates derived from a conventional (Haro) or 2 soybean lines lacking the α' subunit of β-conglycinin and the A1-3 (1TF) or A1-5 (1a) subunits of glycinin. After 8 weeks, the rats were necropsied and liver proteins and lipids were extracted and analysed. RESULTS The results showed that soy protein diets reduced lipid droplet accumulation and content in the liver compared to casein diets. The soy protein diets also decreased the level of hepatic mature SREBP-1 and FAS in males, with significant decreases in diets 1TF and 1a compared to the casein diets. The effect of the soy protein diets on female hepatic mature SREBP-1, FAS, and HMGCR was confounded since casein + ISF decreased these levels compared to casein alone perhaps muting the decrease by soy protein. A reduction in both phosphorylated and total STAT3 in female livers by ISF may account for the gender difference in mechanism in the regulation and protein expression of the lipid modulators. CONCLUSIONS Overall, soy protein deficient in the α' subunit of β-conglycinin and A1-5 subunits of glycinin maintain similar hypolipidemic function compared to the conventional soy protein. The exact bioactive component(s) warrant identification.
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17
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Zaheer K, Humayoun Akhtar M. An updated review of dietary isoflavones: Nutrition, processing, bioavailability and impacts on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1280-1293. [PMID: 26565435 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.989958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycitein) are bioactive compounds with mildly estrogenic properties and often referred to as phytoestrogen. These are present in significant quantities (up to 4-5 mg·g-1 on dry basis) in legumes mainly soybeans, green beans, mung beans. In grains (raw materials) they are present mostly as glycosides, which are poorly absorbed on consumption. Thus, soybeans are processed into various food products for digestibility, taste and bioavailability of nutrients and bioactives. Main processing steps include steaming, cooking, roasting, microbial fermentation that destroy protease inhibitors and also cleaves the glycoside bond to yield absorbable aglycone in the processed soy products, such as miso, natto, soy milk, tofu; and increase shelf lives. Processed soy food products have been an integral part of regular diets in many Asia-Pacific countries for centuries, e.g. China, Japan and Korea. However, in the last two decades, there have been concerted efforts to introduce soy products in western diets for their health benefits with some success. Isoflavones were hailed as magical natural component that attribute to prevent some major prevailing health concerns. Consumption of soy products have been linked to reduction in incidence or severity of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, breast and prostate cancers, menopausal symptoms, bone loss, etc. Overall, consuming moderate amounts of traditionally prepared and minimally processed soy foods may offer modest health benefits while minimizing potential for any adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Humayoun Akhtar
- b Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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18
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van Bree BWJ, Lenaers E, Nabben M, Briedé JJ, Jörgensen JA, Schaart G, Schrauwen P, Hoeks J, Hesselink MKC. A genistein-enriched diet neither improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity nor prevents the transition towards advanced insulin resistance in ZDF rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22854. [PMID: 26973284 PMCID: PMC4789602 DOI: 10.1038/srep22854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a natural food compound mainly present in soybeans, is considered a potent antioxidant and to improve glucose homeostasis. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed whether genistein could antagonize the progression of the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic state (pre-diabetes) toward full-blown T2DM in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats by decreasing mitochondrial oxidative stress and improving skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Rats were assigned to three groups: (1) lean control (CNTL), (2) fa/fa CNTL, and (3) fa/fa genistein (GEN). GEN animals were subjected to a 0.02% (w/w) genistein-enriched diet for 8 weeks, whereas CNTL rats received a standard diet. We show that genistein did not affect the overall response to a glucose challenge in ZDF rats. In fact, genistein may exacerbate glucose intolerance as fasting glucose levels were significantly higher in fa/fa GEN (17.6 ± 0.7 mM) compared with fa/fa CNTL animals (14.9 ± 1.4 mM). Oxidative stress, established by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, carbonylated protein content and UCP3 levels, remained unchanged upon dietary genistein supplementation. Furthermore, respirometry measurements revealed no effects of genistein on mitochondrial function. In conclusion, dietary genistein supplementation did not improve glucose homeostasis, alleviate oxidative stress, or augment skeletal muscle metabolism in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca W J van Bree
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Lenaers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Zang Y, Igarashi K, Yu C. Anti-obese and anti-diabetic effects of a mixture of daidzin and glycitin on C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:117-23. [PMID: 25209298 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.955453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a mixture of daidzin and glycitin, which are the glycoside-form isoflavones of daidzein and glycitein, respectively, on body weight, lipid levels, diabetic markers, and metabolism in a high-fat diet (HF) fed C57BL/6J mice for 92 days. The mice were divided into basic diet group (CON), HF group, and HF companied with the isoflavone mixture group (HFISO). Results showed that mice in HFISO had a significantly lower body weight and adipose tissue compared to HF group. Blood glucose, serum HbA1c, and serum insulin also showed lower levels in HFISO group. In addition, higher hepatic GSH level and lower serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level were found in HFISO group mice. This suggests that the regulation of oxidative stress by daidzin and glycitin was closely related to the suppression of adipose tissue and the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zang
- a College of Food Science , Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
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20
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van Nielen M, Feskens EJM, Rietman A, Siebelink E, Mensink M. Partly replacing meat protein with soy protein alters insulin resistance and blood lipids in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity. J Nutr 2014; 144:1423-9. [PMID: 25008579 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.193706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing protein intake and soy consumption appear to be promising approaches to prevent metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the effect of soy consumption on insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, and other characteristics of MetS is not frequently studied in humans. We aimed to investigate the effects of a 4-wk, strictly controlled, weight-maintaining, moderately high-protein diet rich in soy on insulin sensitivity and other cardiometabolic risk factors. We performed a randomized crossover trial of 2 4-wk diet periods in 15 postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity to test diets with 22 energy percent (En%) protein, 27 En% fat, and 50 En% carbohydrate. One diet contained protein of mixed origin (mainly meat, dairy, and bread), and the other diet partly replaced meat with soy meat analogues and soy nuts containing 30 g/d soy protein. For our primary outcome, a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) was performed at the end of both periods. Plasma total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein were assessed, and blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and intrahepatic lipid content were measured at the start and end of both periods. Compared with the mixed-protein diet, the soy-protein diet resulted in greater insulin sensitivity [FSIGT: insulin sensitivity, 34 ± 29 vs. 22 ± 17 (mU/L)(-1) · min(-1), P = 0.048; disposition index, 4974 ± 2543 vs. 2899 ± 1878, P = 0.038; n = 11]. Total cholesterol was 4% lower after the soy-protein diet than after the mixed-protein diet (4.9 ± 0.7 vs. 5.1 ± 0.6 mmol/L, P = 0.001), and LDL cholesterol was 9% lower (2.9 ± 0.7 vs. 3.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L, P = 0.004; n = 15). Thus, partly replacing meat with soy in a moderately high-protein diet has clear advantages regarding insulin sensitivity and total and LDL cholesterol. Therefore, partly replacing meat products with soy products could be important in preventing MetS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01694056.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique van Nielen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Rietman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of soy protein in improving the metabolic abnormalities in the liver and skeletal muscle of dyslipemic insulin resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:407-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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