1
|
Khan R, Laumet G, Leinninger GM. Hungry for Relief: Potential for Neurotensin to Address Comorbid Obesity and Pain. Appetite 2024:107540. [PMID: 38852785 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain and obesity frequently occur together. An ideal therapy would alleviate pain without weight gain, and most optimally, could promote weight loss. The neuropeptide neurotensin (Nts) has been separately implicated in reducing weight and pain but could it be a common actionable target for both pain and obesity? Here we review the current knowledge of Nts signaling via its receptors in modulating body weight and pain processing. Evaluating the mechanism by which Nts impacts ingestive behavior, body weight, and analgesia has potential to identify common physiologic mechanisms underlying weight and pain comorbidities, and whether Nts may be common actionable targets for both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabail Khan
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Perez-Leighton C, Kerr B, Scherer PE, Baudrand R, Cortés V. The interplay between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 regulates food intake and feeding behaviour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:653-674. [PMID: 38072002 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional, endocrine, and neurological signals converge in multiple brain centres to control feeding behaviour and food intake as part of the allostatic regulation of energy balance. Among the several neuroendocrine systems involved, the leptin, glucocorticoid, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) systems have been extensively researched. Leptin is at the top hierarchical level since its complete absence is sufficient to trigger severe hyperphagia. Glucocorticoids are key regulators of the energy balance adaptation to stress and their sustained excess leads to excessive adiposity and metabolic perturbations. GLP1 participates in metabolic adaptation to food intake, regulating insulin secretion and satiety by parallel central and peripheral signalling systems. Herein, we review the brain and peripheral targets of these three hormone systems that integrate to regulate food intake, feeding behaviour, and metabolic homeostasis. We examine the functional relationships between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 at the central and peripheral levels, including the cross-regulation of their circulating levels and their cooperative or antagonistic actions at different brain centres. The pathophysiological roles of these neuroendocrine systems in dysregulated intake are explored in the two extremes of body adiposity - obesity and lipodystrophy - and eating behaviour disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Perez-Leighton
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina-CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Carmen Sylva 2444, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - René Baudrand
- Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
- Centro Translacional de Endocrinología (CETREN), Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Departmento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, 830024, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma J, Yanase S, Udagawa L, Kuwaki T, Kusumoto-Yoshida I. Activation of neurons in the insular cortex and lateral hypothalamus during food anticipatory period caused by food restriction in mice. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:34. [PMID: 38066417 PMCID: PMC10717706 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mice fed a single meal daily at a fixed time display food anticipatory activity (FAA). It has been reported that the insular cortex (IC) plays an essential role in food anticipation, and lateral hypothalamus (LH) regulates the expression of FAA. However, how these areas contribute to FAA production is still unclear. Thus, we examined the temporal and spatial activation pattern of neurons in the IC and LH during the food anticipation period to determine their role in FAA establishment. We observed an increase of c-Fos-positive neurons in the IC and LH, including orexin neurons of male adult C57BL/6 mice. These neurons were gradually activated from the 1st day to 15th day of restricted feeding. The activation of these brain regions, however, peaked at a distinct point in the food restriction procedure. These results suggest that the IC and LH are differently involved in the neural network for FAA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Sakurako Yanase
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Lisa Udagawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Braine A, Georges F. Emotion in action: When emotions meet motor circuits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105475. [PMID: 37996047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a remarkably complex organ responsible for a wide range of functions, including the modulation of emotional states and movement. Neuronal circuits are believed to play a crucial role in integrating sensory, cognitive, and emotional information to ultimately guide motor behavior. Over the years, numerous studies employing diverse techniques such as electrophysiology, imaging, and optogenetics have revealed a complex network of neural circuits involved in the regulation of emotional or motor processes. Emotions can exert a substantial influence on motor performance, encompassing both everyday activities and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to explore how emotional states can shape movements by connecting the neural circuits for emotional processing to motor neural circuits. We first provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of different emotional states on motor control in humans and rodents. In line with behavioral studies, we set out to identify emotion-related structures capable of modulating motor output, behaviorally and anatomically. Neuronal circuits involved in emotional processing are extensively connected to the motor system. These circuits can drive emotional behavior, essential for survival, but can also continuously shape ongoing movement. In summary, the investigation of the intricate relationship between emotion and movement offers valuable insights into human behavior, including opportunities to enhance performance, and holds promise for improving mental and physical health. This review integrates findings from multiple scientific approaches, including anatomical tracing, circuit-based dissection, and behavioral studies, conducted in both animal and human subjects. By incorporating these different methodologies, we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the emotional modulation of movement in both physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Braine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feldmeyer D. Structure and function of neocortical layer 6b. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1257803. [PMID: 37744882 PMCID: PMC10516558 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1257803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical layer 6b is considered by many to be a remnant of the subplate that forms during early stages of neocortical development, but its role in the adult is not well understood. Its neuronal complement has only recently become the subject of systematic studies, and its axonal projections and synaptic input structures have remained largely unexplored despite decades of research into neocortical function. In recent years, however, layer 6b (L6b) has attracted increasing attention and its functional role is beginning to be elucidated. In this review, I will attempt to provide an overview of what is currently known about the excitatory and inhibitory neurons in this layer, their pre- and postsynaptic connectivity, and their functional implications. Similarities and differences between different cortical areas will be highlighted. Finally, layer 6b neurons are highly responsive to several neuropeptides such as orexin/hypocretin, neurotensin and cholecystokinin, in some cases exclusively. They are also strongly controlled by neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine. The interaction of these neuromodulators with L6b microcircuitry and its functional consequences will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Feldmeyer
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 10 (INM-10), Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine (JARA Brain), Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Petzold A, van den Munkhof HE, Figge-Schlensok R, Korotkova T. Complementary lateral hypothalamic populations resist hunger pressure to balance nutritional and social needs. Cell Metab 2023; 35:456-471.e6. [PMID: 36827985 PMCID: PMC10028225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Animals continuously weigh hunger and thirst against competing needs, such as social contact and mating, according to state and opportunity. Yet neuronal mechanisms of sensing and ranking nutritional needs remain poorly understood. Here, combining calcium imaging in freely behaving mice, optogenetics, and chemogenetics, we show that two neuronal populations of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) guide increasingly hungry animals through behavioral choices between nutritional and social rewards. While increased food consumption was marked by increasing inhibition of a leptin receptor-expressing (LepRLH) subpopulation at a fast timescale, LepRLH neurons limited feeding or drinking and promoted social interaction despite hunger or thirst. Conversely, neurotensin-expressing LH neurons preferentially encoded water despite hunger pressure and promoted water seeking, while relegating social needs. Thus, hunger and thirst gate both LH populations in a complementary manner to enable the flexible fulfillment of multiple essential needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Petzold
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Hanna Elin van den Munkhof
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Rebecca Figge-Schlensok
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tatiana Korotkova
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Regulation of feeding and therapeutic application of bioactive peptides. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Kurt G, Kodur N, Quiles CR, Reynolds C, Eagle A, Mayer T, Brown J, Makela A, Bugescu R, Seo HD, Carroll QE, Daniels D, Robison AJ, Mazei-Robison M, Leinninger G. Time to drink: Activating lateral hypothalamic area neurotensin neurons promotes intake of fluid over food in a time-dependent manner. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113707. [PMID: 35063424 PMCID: PMC8844224 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is essential for ingestive behavior but has primarily been studied in modulating feeding, with comparatively scant attention on drinking. This is partly because most LHA neurons simultaneously promote feeding and drinking, suggesting that ingestive behaviors track together. A notable exception are LHA neurons expressing neurotensin (LHANts neurons): activating these neurons promotes water intake but modestly restrains feeding. Here we investigated the connectivity of LHANts neurons, their necessity and sufficiency for drinking and feeding, and how timing and resource availability influence their modulation of these behaviors. LHANts neurons project broadly throughout the brain, including to the lateral preoptic area (LPO), a brain region implicated in modulating drinking behavior. LHANts neurons also receive inputs from brain regions implicated in sensing hydration and energy status. While activation of LHANts neurons is not required to maintain homeostatic water or food intake, it selectively promotes drinking during the light cycle, when ingestive drive is low. Activating LHANts neurons during this period also increases willingness to work for water or palatable fluids, regardless of their caloric content. By contrast, LHANts neuronal activation during the dark cycle does not promote drinking, but suppresses feeding during this time. Finally, we demonstrate that the activation of the LHANts → LPO projection is sufficient to mediate drinking behavior, but does not suppress feeding as observed after generally activating all LHANts neurons. Overall, our work suggests how and when LHANts neurons oppositely modulate ingestive behaviors.
Collapse
Key Words
- ARC, Arcuate nucleus
- CEA, Central amygdala
- CNO, Clozapine N-Oxide
- CPP, Conditioned place preference
- DR, Dorsal raphe
- DREADD
- DREADD, Designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs
- FR-1, Fixed ratio-1
- LHA
- LHA(Nts), Lateral hypothalamic area neuotensin-expressing
- LHA, Lateral hypothalamic area
- LPO, Lateral preoptic area
- LT, Lateral terminalis
- LepRb, Long form of the leptin receptor
- MnPO, Median preoptic area
- ModRabies, Genetically modified rabies virus, EnvA-∆G-Rabies-mCherry
- NTS, Nucleus of solitary tract
- Nts, Neurotensin
- NtsR1, Neurotensin receptor-1
- NtsR2, Neurotensin receptor-2
- OVLT, Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis
- PAG, Periaqueductal gray
- PB, Parabrachial area
- PR, Progressive ratio
- PVH, Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
- SFO, Subfornical organ
- SNc, Substantia nigra compacta
- SO, Supraoptic nucleus
- TVA, avian viral receptor protein
- VEH, Vehicle
- VTA, Ventral tegmental area
- WT, Wild type
- Water
- aCSF, Artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- body weight
- feeding
- homeostasis
- lHb, Lateral habenula
- lateral preoptic area (LPO)
- neurotensin receptor
- reward
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kurt
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nandan Kodur
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrew Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tom Mayer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Juliette Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anna Makela
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Harim Delgado Seo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Quinn E Carroll
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14226, USA
| | - Derek Daniels
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14226, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Gina Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Watts AG, Kanoski SE, Sanchez-Watts G, Langhans W. The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:689-813. [PMID: 34486393 PMCID: PMC8759974 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable degree of cell specificity, particularly at the cell signaling level, and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections: a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts, including ones that still engender vigorous debate, that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciela Sanchez-Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yousefvand S, Hamidi F. Role of Lateral Hypothalamus Area in the Central Regulation of Feeding. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Mietlicki-Baase EG, Santollo J, Daniels D. Fluid intake, what's dopamine got to do with it? Physiol Behav 2021; 236:113418. [PMID: 33838203 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining fluid balance is critical for life. The central components that control fluid intake are only partly understood. This contribution to the collection of papers highlighting work by members of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior focuses on the role that dopamine has on fluid intake and describes the roles that various bioregulators can have on thirst and sodium appetite by influencing dopamine systems in the brain. The goal of the review is to highlight areas in need of more research and to propose a framework to guide that research. We hope that this framework will inspire researchers in the field to investigate these interesting questions in order to form a more complete understanding of how fluid intake is controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Mietlicki-Baase
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Jessica Santollo
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - Derek Daniels
- Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramirez-Virella J, Leinninger GM. The Role of Central Neurotensin in Regulating Feeding and Body Weight. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6144574. [PMID: 33599716 PMCID: PMC7951050 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The small peptide neurotensin (Nts) is implicated in myriad processes including analgesia, thermoregulation, reward, arousal, blood pressure, and modulation of feeding and body weight. Alterations in Nts have recently been described in individuals with obesity or eating disorders, suggesting that disrupted Nts signaling may contribute to body weight disturbance. Curiously, Nts mediates seemingly opposing regulation of body weight via different tissues. Peripherally acting Nts promotes fat absorption and weight gain, whereas central Nts signaling suppresses feeding and weight gain. Thus, because Nts is pleiotropic, a location-based approach must be used to understand its contributions to disordered body weight and whether the Nts system might be leveraged to improve metabolic health. Here we review the role of Nts signaling in the brain to understand the sites, receptors, and mechanisms by which Nts can promote behaviors that modify body weight. New techniques permitting site-specific modulation of Nts and Nts receptor-expressing cells suggest that, even in the brain, not all Nts circuitry exerts the same function. Intriguingly, there may be dedicated brain regions and circuits via which Nts specifically suppresses feeding behavior and weight gain vs other Nts-attributed physiology. Defining the central mechanisms by which Nts signaling modifies body weight may suggest strategies to correct disrupted energy balance, as needed to address overweight, obesity, and eating disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jariel Ramirez-Virella
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gina M Leinninger
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Correspondence: Gina M. Leinninger, PhD, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 5400 ISTB, 766 Service Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chai P, Yu J, Jia R, Wen X, Ding T, Zhang X, Ni H, Jia R, Ge S, Zhang H, Fan X. Generation of onco-enhancer enhances chromosomal remodeling and accelerates tumorigenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:12135-12150. [PMID: 33196849 PMCID: PMC7708045 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling impacts the structural neighborhoods and regulates gene expression. However, the role of enhancer-guided chromatin remodeling in the gene regulation remains unclear. Here, using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we identified for the first time that neurotensin (NTS) serves as a key oncogene in uveal melanoma and that CTCF interacts with the upstream enhancer of NTS and orchestrates an 800 kb chromosomal loop between the promoter and enhancer. Intriguingly, this novel CTCF-guided chromatin loop was ubiquitous in a cohort of tumor patients. In addition, a disruption in this chromosomal interaction prevented the histone acetyltransferase EP300 from embedding in the promoter of NTS and resulted in NTS silencing. Most importantly, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the ability of tumor formation was significantly suppressed via deletion of the enhancer by CRISPR-Cas9. These studies delineate a novel onco-enhancer guided epigenetic mechanism and provide a promising therapeutic concept for disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruobing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Ding
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harris T, Bugescu R, Kelly J, Makela A, Sotzen M, Sisk C, Atkin G, Pratt R, Crockett E, Leinninger G. DLK1 Expressed in Mouse Orexin Neurons Modulates Anxio-Depressive Behavior but Not Energy Balance. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120975. [PMID: 33322758 PMCID: PMC7764426 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) neurons expressing the neuropeptide orexin (OX) are implicated in obesity and anxio-depression. However, these neurons release OX as well as a host of other proteins that might contribute to normal physiology and disease states. We hypothesized that delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1), a protein reported to be co-expressed by all OX neurons, contributes to the regulation of energy balance and/or anxio-depression. Consistent with previous reports, we found that all rat OX neurons co-express DLK1. Yet, in mice and humans only a subset of OX neurons co-expressed DLK1. Since human OX-DLK1 distribution is more similar to mice than rats, mice are a comparable model to assess the human physiologic role of DLK1. We therefore used a viral lesion strategy to selectively delete DLK1 within the LHA of adult mice (DLK1Null) to reveal its role in body weight and behavior. Adult-onset DLK1 deletion had no impact on body weight or ingestive behavior. However, DLK1Null mice engaged in more locomotor activity than control mice and had decreased anxiety and depression measured via the elevated plus maze and forced swim tests. These data suggest that DLK1 expression via DLK1-expressing OX neurons primarily contributes to anxio-depression behaviors without impacting body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiyana Harris
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.H.); (R.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.H.); (R.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Jaylyn Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.H.); (R.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Makela
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.H.); (R.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Morgan Sotzen
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.H.); (R.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Cheryl Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Graham Atkin
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Rebecca Pratt
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
| | - Elahé Crockett
- Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Gina Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.H.); (R.B.); (J.K.); (A.M.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahmoudi M, Maleki-Roveshti M, Karimi-Haghighi S, Haghparast A. Chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus induced seeking behaviors in rats: Involvement of orexin receptors in the ventral tegmental area. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Fakhoury M, Salman I, Najjar W, Merhej G, Lawand N. The Lateral Hypothalamus: An Uncharted Territory for Processing Peripheral Neurogenic Inflammation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:101. [PMID: 32116534 PMCID: PMC7029733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the hypothalamus and particularly the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the regulation of inflammation and pain have been widely studied. The LH consists of a parasympathetic area that has connections with all the major parts of the brain. It controls the autonomic nervous system (ANS), regulates feeding behavior and wakeful cycles, and is a part of the reward system. In addition, it contains different types of neurons, most importantly the orexin neurons. These neurons, though few in number, perform critical functions such as inhibiting pain transmission and interfering with the reward system, feeding behavior and the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA). Recent evidence has identified a new role for orexin neurons in the modulation of pain transmission associated with several inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis. Here, we review recent findings on the various physiological functions of the LH with special emphasis on the orexin/receptor system and its role in mediating inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Israa Salman
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Najjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George Merhej
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Lawand
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Levitas-Djerbi T, Sagi D, Lebenthal-Loinger I, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Appelbaum L. Neurotensin Enhances Locomotor Activity and Arousal and Inhibits Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Signaling. Neuroendocrinology 2020; 110:35-49. [PMID: 31030196 DOI: 10.1159/000500590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothalamic neurotensin (Nts)-secreting neurons regulate fundamental physiological processes including metabolism and feeding. However, the role of Nts in modulation of locomotor activity, sleep, and arousal is unclear. We previously identified and characterized Nts neurons in the zebrafish hypothalamus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to study the role of Nts, nts mutant (nts-/-), and overexpressing zebrafish were generated. RESULTS The expression of both nts mRNA and Nts protein was reduced during the night in wild-type zebrafish. Behavioral assays revealed that locomotor activity was decreased during both day and night, while sleep was increased exclusively during the nighttime in nts-/- larvae. Likewise, inducible overexpression of Nts increased arousal in hsp70:Gal4/uas:Nts larvae. Furthermore, the behavioral response to light-to-dark transitions was reduced in nts-/- larvae. In order to elucidate potential contenders that may mediate Nts action on these behaviors, we profiled the transcriptome of 6 dpf nts-/- larvae. Among other genes, the expression levels of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1b were increased in nts-/- larvae. Furthermore, a portion of promelanin-concentrating hormone 1 (pmch1) and pmch2 neurons expressed the nts receptor. In addition, expression of the the two zebrafish melanin-concentrating hormone (Mch) orthologs, Mch1 and Mch2, was increased in nts-/- larvae. CONCLUSION These results show that the Nts and Mch systems interact and modulate locomotor activity and arousal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talia Levitas-Djerbi
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dana Sagi
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Tali Lerer-Goldshtein
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel,
- The Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arrigoni E, Chee MJS, Fuller PM. To eat or to sleep: That is a lateral hypothalamic question. Neuropharmacology 2018; 154:34-49. [PMID: 30503993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a functionally and anatomically complex brain region that is involved in the regulation of many behavioral and physiological processes including feeding, arousal, energy balance, stress, reward and motivated behaviors, pain perception, body temperature regulation, digestive functions and blood pressure. Despite noteworthy experimental efforts over the past decades, the circuit, cellular and synaptic bases by which these different processes are regulated by the LH remains incompletely understood. This knowledge gap links in large part to the high cellular heterogeneity of the LH. Fortunately, the rapid evolution of newer genetic and electrophysiological tools is now permitting the selective manipulation, typically genetically-driven, of discrete LH cell populations. This, in turn, permits not only assignment of function to discrete cell groups, but also reveals that considerable synergistic and antagonistic interactions exist between key LH cell populations that regulate feeding and arousal. For example, we now know that while LH melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin/hypocretin neurons both function as sensors of the internal metabolic environment, their roles regulating sleep and arousal are actually opposing. Additional studies have uncovered similarly important roles for subpopulations of LH GABAergic cells in the regulation of both feeding and arousal. Herein we review the role of LH MCH, orexin/hypocretin and GABAergic cell populations in the regulation of energy homeostasis (including feeding) and sleep-wake and discuss how these three cell populations, and their subpopulations, may interact to optimize and coordinate metabolism, sleep and arousal. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Hypothalamic Control of Homeostasis'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Melissa J S Chee
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Latifi B, Adamantidis A, Bassetti C, Schmidt MH. Sleep-Wake Cycling and Energy Conservation: Role of Hypocretin and the Lateral Hypothalamus in Dynamic State-Dependent Resource Optimization. Front Neurol 2018; 9:790. [PMID: 30344503 PMCID: PMC6183196 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypocretin (Hcrt) system has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions from sleep-wake regulation to cardiovascular, behavioral, metabolic, and thermoregulagtory control. These wide-ranging physiological effects have challenged the identification of a parsimonious function for Hcrt. A compelling hypothesis suggests that Hcrt plays a role in the integration of sleep-wake neurophysiology with energy metabolism. For example, Hcrt neurons promote waking and feeding, but are also sensors of energy balance. Loss of Hcrt function leads to an increase in REM sleep propensity, but a potential role for Hcrt linking energy balance with REM sleep expression has not been addressed. Here we examine a potential role for Hcrt and the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in state-dependent resource allocation as a means of optimizing resource utilization and, as a result, energy conservation. We review the energy allocation hypothesis of sleep and how state-dependent metabolic partitioning may contribute toward energy conservation, but with additional examination of how the loss of thermoregulatory function during REM sleep may impact resource optimization. Optimization of energy expenditures at the whole organism level necessitates a top-down network responsible for coordinating metabolic operations in a state-dependent manner across organ systems. In this context, we then specifically examine the potential role of the LH in regulating this output control, including the contribution from both Hcrt and melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons among a diverse LH cell population. We propose that this hypothalamic integration system is responsible for global shifts in state-dependent resource allocations, ultimately promoting resource optimization and an energy conservation function of sleep-wake cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blerina Latifi
- Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Experimental Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute, Dublin, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|