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Iglesias-Osma MC, Blanco EJ, Carretero-Hernandez M, Catalano-Iniesta L, Sanchez-Robledo V, Garcia-Barrado MJ, Vicente-Garcia T, Burks DJ, Carretero J. The influence of the lack of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) on the thyroid gland. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5673. [PMID: 30952933 PMCID: PMC6450905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Involvement of IRS2 in the proliferative effects of IGF-I of follicular thyroid cells has been described, but there are no evidences for in vivo participation of IRS2. This study aimed to analyse the in vivo relevance of IRS2 in the proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid cells by immunocytochemical studies for PCNA, Ki67, and active-caspase-3 in thyroid cells of IRS2 knockout (IRS2-KO) mice, jointly to TUNEL assay. Thyroid hormones were lower in IRS2-KO mice than in their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Increases in the area, perimeter and diameter of thyroid follicles of IRS2-KO mice were observed, which also showed increased proliferation rate of follicular cells and decreased percentage of apoptotic cells that was more evident in the central than in the marginal region of the gland. Sex-related differences were also found, since the follicular epithelium height was higher in male than in female mice. The percentage of proliferating cells showed significant changes in male but not in female mice, and apoptotic cells were more abundant in female than in male IRS2-KO animals, without significant differences between WT-animals. Therefore, our results suggest that IRS2 could be involved in the maintenance of thyroid cells population and in the normal physiology of the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Iglesias-Osma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Enrique J Blanco
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero-Hernandez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leonardo Catalano-Iniesta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Sanchez-Robledo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Garcia-Barrado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicente-Garcia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Deborah J Burks
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Carretero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCyL), and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Zung A, Yaron A, Altman Y, Zadik Z. Beta-adrenergic hyperresponsiveness in compensated hypothyroidism associated with Down syndrome. Pediatr Res 2005; 58:66-70. [PMID: 15774852 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000156227.64424.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although compensated hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common thyroid impairment in Down syndrome (DS), its pathogenesis remains elusive. Because primary gonadal failure is another DS-associated endocrinopathy, we hypothesized that an impaired signal-transduction pathway shared by several organs may provide a unifying explanation for both endocrinopathies. We assessed two possible transduction-pathway components associated with CH in DS: the G-protein adenylate-cyclase (AC) system and beta-adrenergic responsiveness, previously reported to be enhanced in DS fibroblasts. Twenty-one DS patients and 14 control subjects were studied. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PMCs) were incubated with G-protein modulators [prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and cholera toxin (CTx)], an AC stimulator (forskolin), and a beta-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol), and cAMP levels were determined. All participants had normal plasma thyroid hormone levels, but 11 of the DS patients had elevated TSH levels (hTSH), whereas in the 10 others, they were normal (nTSH). cAMP levels in response to forskolin, PGE1, and CTx were similar in all groups, whereas isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP levels were significantly higher in the hTSH group than in the nTSH group and control subjects (45 +/- 30 versus 22 +/- 9 and 21 +/- 9 pmol . 10(6) cells(-1) . 10 min(-1), respectively; p = 0.02). Four patients in the DS hTSH subgroup had impaired sexual development. We found hyperresponsiveness of PMCs to a beta-adrenergic agonist in a subgroup of DS patients with CH. If this observation is applicable to the thyroid gland, then it may reflect a mechanism in which negative effects on cell growth or responsiveness to TSH lead to CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Zung
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Kaplan Medical Center/Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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