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Chang SW, Yoshihara T, Machida S, Naito H. Circadian rhythm of intracellular protein synthesis signaling in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 9:153-158. [PMID: 28956001 PMCID: PMC5614553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling exhibits circadian variation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and liver. However, it is unclear whether circadian regulation also extends to intracellular signaling pathways in the cardiac and skeletal muscles. Here, we examined circadian variation in the intracellular mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, which regulate protein synthesis in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles. Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2, ZT6, ZT10, ZT14, ZT18, and ZT22 (ZT0, lights on; ZT12, lights off). The cardiac, plantaris, and soleus muscles were removed after a 12-h fasting period, and signal transducers involved in protein synthesis (mTOR, p70S6K, and ERK) were analyzed by western blotting. Circadian rhythms of signal transducers were observed in both cardiac (mTOR, p70S6K, and ERK) and plantaris (p70S6K and ERK) muscles (p<0.05), but not in the soleus muscle. In the cardiac muscle, the phosphorylation rate of mTOR was significantly higher at ZT6 (peak) than at ZT18 (bottom), and the phosphorylation rate of p70S6K was significantly higher at ZT2 (peak) than at ZT18 (bottom). In contrast, in the plantaris muscle, the phosphorylation rate of ERK was significantly lower at ZT2 (bottom) than at ZT18 (peak). Our data suggested that protein synthesis via mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling molecules exhibits circadian variation in rat cardiac and fast-type plantaris muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Wen Chang
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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Saleh MA, Haro PJ, Winget CM. Loss of circadian rhythmicity in body temperature and locomotor activity following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09291017709359599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Katinas G, Syutkina EV, Sothern RB, Zaslavskaya R, Halberg F, Watanabe Y, Schwartzkopff O, Otsuka K, Tarquini R, Frederico P, Siggelova J. Transdisciplinary unifying implications of circadian findings in the 1950s. J Circadian Rhythms 2003; 1:2. [PMID: 14728726 PMCID: PMC317388 DOI: 10.1186/1740-3391-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 10/29/2003] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Afew puzzles relating to a small fraction of my endeavors in the 1950s are summarized herein, with answers to a few questions of the Editor-in-Chief, to suggest that the rules of variability in time complement the rules of genetics as a biological variability in space. I advocate to replace truisms such as a relative constancy or homeostasis, that have served bioscience very well for very long. They were never intended, however, to lower a curtain of ignorance over everyday physiology. In raising these curtains, we unveil a range of dynamics, resolvable in the data collection and as-one-goes analysis by computers built into smaller and smaller devices, for a continued self-surveillance of the normal and for an individualized detection of the abnormal. The current medical art based on spotchecks interpreted by reference to a time-unqualified normal range can become a science of time series with tests relating to the individual in inferential statistical terms. This is already doable for the case of blood pressure, but eventually should become possible for many other variables interpreted today only based on the quicksand of clinical trials on groups. These ignore individual differences and hence the individual's needs. Chronomics (mapping time structures) with the major aim of quantifying normalcy by dynamic reference values for detecting earliest risk elevation, also yields the dividend of allowing molecular biology to focus on the normal as well as on the grossly abnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Halberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - George Katinas
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elena V Syutkina
- Institute of Pediatrics, Scientific Center for Children's Health, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Robert B Sothern
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Francine Halberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Kuniaki Otsuka
- Tokyo Women Medical University, School of Medicine, Daini Hospital, Division of Neurocardiology and Chronoecology, Nishiogu 2-1-10, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-856, Japan
| | | | | | - Jarmila Siggelova
- Clinic of Functional Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, St. Anna Faculty Hospital and Masaryk University of Brno, Pekaská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
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Halberg F, Cornélissen G, Otsuka K, Schwartzkopff O, Halberg J, Bakken E. Chronomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(01)90022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Cockerill D, Chang LW, Hough A, Bivins F. Effects of trimethyltin on the mouse hippocampus and adrenal cortex. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1987; 22:149-61. [PMID: 3669098 DOI: 10.1080/15287398709531059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of trimethyltin (TMT) on the mouse adrenal histology and its relationship with neuropathology occurrence was studied. Young, male CD-1 mice were divided into three groups: group I, injected on 3 consecutive days with 1.0 mg TMT/kg body weight (b.w.); group II, injected on 2 consecutive days with 1.5 mg TMT/kg b.w.; and group III, injected with a single acute dose of 3.0 mg TMT/kg b.w. Control animals were injected with saline solution. The brain and adrenal glands were sampled for light-microscopic examination. Although all animals received the same total amount of TMT, pathological changes in the granule cells of the fascia dentate appeared to be group III greater than group II greater than group I, suggesting that acute exposures produced a more severe damage to the fascia dentate neurons. Likewise, the adrenal weights of the animals were group III greater than group II greater than group I greater than or equal to control. Significant proliferation and enlargement of the eosinophilic or the "X zone" were observed in the TMT-treated, particularly groups II and III, animals. The expansion of the eosinophilic cell layer (X zone) was accomplished at the expense of the cortical fasciculata cells. Transformation of fasciculata cells into eosinophilic cells could also be demonstrated. As the eosinophilic cells are known to be active in corticosterone production as seen in stress situations, the proliferation of these cells may reflect a feedback response to the hippocampal hyperexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cockerill
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205
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Siegers CP, Schenke M, Younes M. Influence of cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, and sodium vanadate on the glutathione-conjugating enzyme system in liver, kidney, and brain of mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1987; 22:141-8. [PMID: 3669097 DOI: 10.1080/15287398709531058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal doses of CdCl2 (3 mg/kg iv), HgCl2 (2 mg/kg iv), or NaVO3 (6 mg/kg iv) did not alter the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the livers of mice during the 24-h observation period. In the kidneys, a tendency to increased GSH content was seen, especially after HgCl2 treatment; in lung and brain the GSH levels were significantly lowered upon the treatment with all three metals. The activities of GSH S-transferase toward an aryl substrate (CDNB; 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) was enhanced in all tissues by the administration of HgCl2 greater than NaVO3 greater than CdCl2. The activity of GSH S-transferase toward an epoxide substrate [1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane was only measurable in the livers and was inhibited 1 and 2 h after the administration of HgCl2 and NaVO3. It is concluded that sublethal doses of CdCl2, HgCl2, or NaVO3 do not impair the GSH concentration and GSH-conjugating enzyme activities toward the aryl substrate in different target organs of their toxicity, which is in contrast to results obtained in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Siegers
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical University of Lübeck, Federal Republic of Germany
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