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Brennan AM, Coen PM, Mau T, Hetherington-Rauth M, Toledo FG, Kershaw EE, Cawthon PM, Kramer PA, Ramos SV, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Forman DE, Yeo RX, Distefano G, Miljkovic I, Justice JN, Molina AJ, Jurczak MJ, Sparks LM, Kritchevsky SB, Goodpaster BH. Associations between regional adipose tissue distribution and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in older men and women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1125-1135. [PMID: 38803308 PMCID: PMC11139412 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine associations of ectopic adipose tissue (AT) with skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 829 adults ≥70 years of age were used. Abdominal, subcutaneous, and visceral AT and thigh muscle fat infiltration (MFI) were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. SM mitochondrial energetics were characterized in vivo (31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ATPmax) and ex vivo (high-resolution respirometry maximal oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS]). ActivPal was used to measure physical activity ([PA]; step count). Linear regression adjusted for covariates was applied, with sequential adjustment for BMI and PA. RESULTS Independent of BMI, total abdominal AT (standardized [Std.] β = -0.21; R2 = 0.09) and visceral AT (Std. β = -0.16; R2 = 0.09) were associated with ATPmax (p < 0.01; n = 770) but not following adjustment for PA (p ≥ 0.05; n = 658). Visceral AT (Std. β = -0.16; R2 = 0.25) and thigh MFI (Std. β = -0.11; R2 = 0.24) were associated with carbohydrate-supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA (p < 0.05; n = 609). Total abdominal AT (Std. β = -0.19; R2 = 0.24) and visceral AT (Std. β = -0.17; R2 = 0.24) were associated with fatty acid-supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA (p < 0.05; n = 447). CONCLUSIONS Skeletal MFI and abdominal visceral, but not subcutaneous, AT are inversely associated with SM mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults independent of BMI. Associations between ectopic AT and in vivo mitochondrial bioenergetics are attenuated by PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Brennan
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frederico G.S. Toledo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip A. Kramer
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sofhia V. Ramos
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel E. Forman
- Department of Medicine-Divisions of Geriatrics and Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Care (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reichelle X. Yeo
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie N. Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J.A. Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael J. Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren M. Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Brennan AM, Coen PM, Mau T, Hetherington-Rauth M, Toledo FGS, Kershaw EE, Cawthon PM, Kramer PA, Ramos SV, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Forman DE, Yeo RX, DiStefano G, Miljkovic I, Justice JN, Molina AJA, Jurczak MJ, Sparks LM, Kritchevsky SB, Goodpaster BH. Associations between regional adipose tissue distribution and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in older men and women. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.10.23298359. [PMID: 37986822 PMCID: PMC10659498 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23298359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective Examine the association of ectopic adipose tissue (AT) with skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults. Methods Cross-sectional data from 829 older adults ≥70 years was used. Total abdominal, subcutaneous, and visceral AT; and thigh muscle fat infiltration (MFI) was quantified by MRI. SM mitochondrial energetics were characterized using in vivo 31 P-MRS (ATP max ) and ex vivo high-resolution respirometry (maximal oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)). ActivPal was used to measure PA (step count). Linear regression models adjusted for covariates were applied, with sequential adjustment for BMI and PA. Results Independent of BMI, total abdominal (standardized (Std.) β=-0.21; R 2 =0.09) and visceral AT (Std. β=-0.16; R 2 =0.09) were associated with ATP max ( p <0.01), but not after further adjustment for PA (p≥0.05). Visceral AT (Std. β=-0.16; R 2 =0.25) and thigh MFI (Std. β=-0.11; R 2 =0.24) were negatively associated with carbohydrate-supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA ( p <0.05). Total abdominal AT (Std. β=-0.19; R 2 =0.24) and visceral AT (Std. β=-0.17; R 2 =0.24) were associated with fatty acid-supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA (p<0.05). Conclusions Skeletal MFI and abdominal visceral, but not subcutaneous AT, are inversely associated with SM mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults independent of BMI. Associations between ectopic AT and in vivo mitochondrial bioenergetics are attenuated by PA.
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Type 2 Diabetes Related Mitochondrial Defects in Peripheral Mononucleated Blood Cells from Overweight Postmenopausal Women. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010121. [PMID: 36672627 PMCID: PMC9855941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multisystem disease that is the subject of many studies, but the earliest cause of the disease has yet to be elucidated. Mitochondrial impairment has been associated with diabetes in several tissues. To extend the association between T2D and mitochondrial impairment to blood cells, we investigated T2D-related changes in peripheral mononucleated blood cells’ (PBMCs) mitochondrial function in two groups of women (CTRL vs. T2D; mean age: 54.1 ± 3.8 vs. 60.9 ± 4.8; mean BMI 25.6 ± 5.2 vs. 30.0 ± 5), together with a panel of blood biomarkers, anthropometric measurements and physiological parameters (VO2max and strength tests). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan analysis, cardio-pulmonary exercise test and blood biomarkers confirmed hallmarks of diabetes in the T2D group. Mitochondrial function assays performed with high resolution respirometry highlighted a significant reduction of mitochondrial respiration in the ADP-stimulated state (OXPHOS; −30%, p = 0.006) and maximal non-coupled respiration (ET; −30%, p = 0.004) in PBMCs samples from the T2D group. The total glutathione antioxidant pool (GSHt) was significantly reduced (−38%: p = 0.04) in plasma samples from the T2D group. The fraction of glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) was positively associated with markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein-CRP r = 0.618; p = 0.006) and of dyslipidemia (triglycerides-TG r = 0.815; p < 0.0001). The same marker (Hb1Ac) was negatively associated with mitochondrial activity levels (OXPHOS r = −0.502; p = 0.034; ET r = −0.529; p = 0.024). The results obtained in overweight postmenopausal women from analysis of PBMCs mitochondrial respiration and their association with anthropometric and physiological parameters indicate that PBMC could represent a reliable model for studying T2D-related metabolic impairment and could be useful for testing the effectiveness of interventions targeting mitochondria.
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Bellissimo MP, Fleischer CC, Reiter DA, Goss AM, Zhou L, Smith MR, Kohlmeier J, Tirouvanziam R, Tran PH, Hao L, Crain BH, Wells GD, Jones DP, Ziegler TR, Alvarez JA. Sex differences in the relationships between body composition, fat distribution, and mitochondrial energy metabolism: a pilot study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:37. [PMID: 35597962 PMCID: PMC9123728 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiposity and mitochondrial dysfunction are related factors contributing to metabolic disease development. This pilot study examined whether in vivo and ex vivo indices of mitochondrial metabolism were differentially associated with body composition in males and females. METHODS Thirty-four participants including 19 females (mean 27 yr) and 15 males (mean 29 yr) had body composition assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Monocyte reserve capacity and maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were determined ex vivo using extracellular flux analysis. In vivo quadriceps mitochondrial function was measured using 31P-MR spectroscopy based on post-exercise recovery kinetics (τPCr). The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated from fasting glucose and insulin levels. Variables were log-transformed, and Pearson correlations and partial correlations were used for analyses. RESULTS Mitochondrial metabolism was similar between sexes (p > 0.05). In males only, higher fat mass percent (FM%) was correlated with lower reserve capacity (r = - 0.73; p = 0.002) and reduced muscle mitochondrial function (r = 0.58, p = 0.02). Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue was inversely related to reserve capacity in males (r = - 0.75, p = 0.001), but in females was correlated to higher maximal OCR (r = 0.48, p = 0.046), independent of FM. In females, lean mass was related to greater reserve capacity (r = 0.47, p = 0.04). In all participants, insulin (r = 0.35; p = 0.04) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.34; p = 0.05) were associated with a higher τPCr. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings demonstrate distinct sex-dependent associations between monocyte and skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism with body composition. With further study, increased understanding of these relationships may inform sex-specific interventions to improve mitochondrial function and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah P Bellissimo
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Candace C Fleischer
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David A Reiter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy M Goss
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professionals, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Center for Systems Imaging Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep/Apnea, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Phong H Tran
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Li Hao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin H Crain
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Greg D Wells
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dean P Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, WMRB 1313, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, WMRB 1313, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, WMRB 1313, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Lee SR, Jo SL, Heo JH, Kim TW, Lee KP, Hong EJ. The aqueous fraction of Castanea crenata inner shell extract reduces obesity and intramuscular lipid accumulation via induction of mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation in muscle. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153974. [PMID: 35144137 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is responsible for free fatty acid (FFA) disposal via mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Obesity triggers high levels of circulating FFAs, which can cause intramuscular lipid (IMCL) deposition. Diverse phytochemicals, including crude Castanea crenata inner shell extract (CCE), have been shown to possess an anti-obesity effect. PURPOSE We aimed to demonstrate whether the aqueous fraction of CCE (ACCE) provides an anti-obesity effect with a decrease in plasma FFAs and reduces IMCL. METHODS High-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice received ACCE via water intake. A204 cells incubated with fatty acids were treated with ACCE. Lipid accumulation and mitochondrial metabolism were assessed using histological and molecular techniques. RESULTS ACCE possessed a notably higher gallic acid content than CCE among the constituents. ACCE-administered mice exhibited reduced plasma FFA levels, adiposity, and IMCL. Muscle lipotoxicity was suppressed, including apoptosis, ER stress, and inflammation. The anti-lipid effect of ACCE was observed with the induction of mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation in muscle. CONCLUSIONS ACCE increases mitochondrial respiration and FAO in skeletal muscle and protects muscle from IMCL and lipotoxicity, reducing plasma FFA and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Lae Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun H Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Pil Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Coto-Montes A, González-Blanco L, Antuña E, Menéndez-Valle I, Bermejo-Millo JC, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Potes Y. The Interactome in the Evolution From Frailty to Sarcopenic Dependence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:792825. [PMID: 34926470 PMCID: PMC8675940 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.792825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential tools for accurate diagnosis and effective prevention, but their validation is a pending challenge that limits their usefulness, even more so with constructs as complex as frailty. Sarcopenia shares multiple mechanisms with frailty which makes it a strong candidate to provide robust frailty biomarkers. Based on this premise, we studied the temporal evolution of cellular interactome in frailty, from independent patients to dependent ones. Overweight is a recognized cause of frailty in aging, so we studied the altered mechanisms in overweight independent elderly and evaluated their aggravation in dependent elderly. This evidence of the evolution of previously altered mechanisms would significantly support their role as real biomarkers of frailty. The results showed a preponderant role of autophagy in interactome control at both different functional points, modulating other essential mechanisms in the cell, such as mitochondrial capacity or oxidative stress. Thus, the overweight provoked in the muscle of the elderly an overload of autophagy that kept cell survival in apparently healthy individuals. This excessive and permanent autophagic effort did not seem to be able to be maintained over time. Indeed, in dependent elderly, the muscle showed a total autophagic inactivity, with devastating effects on the survival of the cell, which showed clear signs of apoptosis, and reduced functional capacity. The frail elderly are in a situation of weakness that is a precursor of dependence that can still be prevented if detection is early. Hence biomarkers are essential in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura González-Blanco
- Área de Sistemas de Producción Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Menéndez-Valle
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Szczerbinski L, Taylor MA, Puchta U, Konopka P, Paszko A, Citko A, Szczerbinski K, Goscik J, Gorska M, Larsen S, Kretowski A. The Response of Mitochondrial Respiration and Quantity in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue to Exercise in Humans with Prediabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113013. [PMID: 34831236 PMCID: PMC8616473 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but its contribution to the early stages of dysglycemia remains poorly understood. By collecting a high-resolution stage-based spectrum of dysglycemia, our study fills this gap by evaluating derangement in both the function and quantity of mitochondria. We sampled mitochondria in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of subjects with progressive advancement of dysglycemia under a three-month exercise intervention. Methods: We measured clinical metabolic parameters and gathered skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies before and after the three-month exercise intervention. We then assayed the number of mitochondria via citrate synthase (CS) activity and functional parameters with high-resolution respirometry. Results: In muscle, there were no differences in mitochondrial quantity or function at baseline between normoglycemics and prediabetics. However, the intervention caused improvement in CS activity, implying an increase in mitochondrial quantity. By contrast in adipose tissue, baseline differences in CS activity were present, with the lowest CS activity coincident with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (IFG + IGT). Finally, CS activity, but few of the functional metrics, improved under the intervention. Conclusions: We show that in prediabetes, no differences in the function or amount of mitochondria (measured by CS activity) in skeletal muscle are apparent, but in adipose tissue of subjects with IFG + IGT, a significantly reduced activity of CS was observed. Finally, metabolic improvements under the exercise correlate to improvements in the amount, rather than function, of mitochondria in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-8150
| | - Mark Alan Taylor
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Urszula Puchta
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Paulina Konopka
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Adam Paszko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Karol Szczerbinski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Steen Larsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (U.P.); (K.S.); (M.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (M.A.T.); (P.K.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
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Wahwah N, Kras KA, Roust LR, Katsanos CS. Subpopulation-specific differences in skeletal muscle mitochondria in humans with obesity: insights from studies employing acute nutritional and exercise stimuli. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E538-E553. [PMID: 31990577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00463.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria from skeletal muscle of humans with obesity often display alterations with respect to their morphology, proteome, biogenesis, and function. These changes in muscle mitochondria are considered to contribute to metabolic abnormalities observed in humans with obesity. Most of the evidence describing alterations in muscle mitochondria in humans with obesity, however, lacks reference to a specific subcellular location. This is despite data over the years showing differences in the morphology and function of subsarcolemmal (found near the plasma membrane) and intermyofibrillar (nested between the myofibrils) mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Recent studies reveal that impairments in mitochondrial function in obesity with respect to the subcellular location of the mitochondria in muscle are more readily evident following exposure of the skeletal muscle to physiological stimuli. In this review, we highlight the need to understand skeletal muscle mitochondria metabolism in obesity in a subpopulation-specific manner and in the presence of physiological stimuli that modify mitochondrial function in vivo. Experimental approaches employed under these conditions will allow for more precise characterization of impairments in skeletal muscle mitochondria and their implications in inducing metabolic dysfunction in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Wahwah
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Katon A Kras
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Lori R Roust
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Christos S Katsanos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona
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Potes Y, Pérez-Martinez Z, Bermejo-Millo JC, Rubio-Gonzalez A, Fernandez-Fernández M, Bermudez M, Arche JM, Solano JJ, Boga JA, Oliván M, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A. Overweight in the Elderly Induces a Switch in Energy Metabolism that Undermines Muscle Integrity. Aging Dis 2019; 10:217-230. [PMID: 31011474 PMCID: PMC6457058 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). Obesity exacerbates age-related decline and lead to frailty. Skeletal muscle fat infiltration increases with aging and seems to be crucial for the progression of sarcopenia. Additionally, skeletal muscle plasticity modulates metabolic adaptation to different pathophysiological situations. Thus, cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial profile were studied in the skeletal muscle of overweight aged people without reaching obesity to prevent this extreme situation. Overweight aged muscle lacked ATP production, as indicated by defects in the phosphagen system, glycolysis and especially mostly by oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway. Overweight subjects exhibited an inhibition of mitophagy that was linked to an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis that underlies the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and encourages the onset of sarcopenia. As a strategy to maintain cellular homeostasis, overweight subjects experienced a metabolic switch from oxidative to lactic acid fermentation metabolism, which allows continued ATP production under mitochondrial dysfunction, but without reaching physiological aged basal levels. This ATP depletion induced early signs of impaired contractile function and a decline in skeletal muscle structural integrity, evidenced by lower levels of filamin C. Our findings reveal the main effector pathways at an early stage of obesity and highlight the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in overweight and obese individuals. Exploiting mitochondrial profiles for therapeutic purposes in humans is an ambitious strategy for treating muscle impairment diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Potes
- 1Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain
| | | | - Juan C Bermejo-Millo
- 1Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain
| | - Adrian Rubio-Gonzalez
- 1Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | | | - Jose M Arche
- 4Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan J Solano
- 2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain.,4Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jose A Boga
- 3Microbiology Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mamen Oliván
- 2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain.,5Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Asturias, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- 1Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- 1Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- 1Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Spain
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Larsen S, Dandanell S, Kristensen KB, Jørgensen SD, Dela F, Helge JW. Influence of exercise amount and intensity on long-term weight loss maintenance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial ROS production in humans. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:958-964. [PMID: 30664360 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sustaining a weight loss after a lifestyle intervention is challenging. The objective of the present study was to investigate if mitochondrial function is associated with the ability to maintain a weight loss. Sixty-eight former participants in an 11-12-week lifestyle intervention were recruited into 2 groups; weight loss maintenance (WLM; body mass index (BMI): 32 ± 1 kg/m2) and weight regain (WR; BMI: 43 ± 2 kg/m2) based on weight loss measured at a follow-up visit (WLM: 4.8 ± 0.4; WR: 7.6 ± 0.8 years after lifestyle intervention). Maximal oxygen consumption rate, physical activity level, and blood and muscle samples were obtained at the follow-up experiment. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. Fasting blood samples were used to calculate glucose homeostasis index. WR had impaired glucose homeostasis and decreased maximal oxygen uptake and physical activity level compared with WLM. The decreased physical activity in WR was due to a lower activity level at vigorous and moderate intensities. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and citrate synthase (CS) activity was higher in WLM, but intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity (mitochondrial respiratory capacity corrected for mitochondrial content (CS activity)) was similar. ROS production was higher in WR compared with WLM, which was accompanied by a decreased content of antioxidant proteins in WR. Intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle is not associated with the ability to maintain a long-term weight loss. WLM had a higher maximal oxygen uptake, physical activity level, mitochondrial respiratory capacity and CS activity compared with WR. The reduced glucose tolerance was concurrent with increased ROS production per mitochondria in WR, and could also be associated with the lower physical activity level in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Larsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Sune Dandanell
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Kasper Birch Kristensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sofie Drevsholt Jørgensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, XLab, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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11
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Tran L, Langlais PR, Hoffman N, Roust L, Katsanos CS. Mitochondrial ATP synthase β-subunit production rate and ATP synthase specific activity are reduced in skeletal muscle of humans with obesity. Exp Physiol 2018; 104:126-135. [PMID: 30362197 DOI: 10.1113/ep087278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Humans with obesity have lower ATP synthesis in muscle along with lower content of the β-subunit of the ATP synthase (β-F1-ATPase), the catalytic component of the ATP synthase. Does lower synthesis rate of β-F1-ATPase in muscle contribute to these responses in humans with obesity? What is the main finding and its importance? Humans with obesity have a lower synthesis rate of β-F1 -ATPase and ATP synthase specific activity in muscle. These findings indicate that reduced production of subunits forming the ATP synthase in muscle may contribute to impaired generation of ATP in obesity. ABSTRACT The content of the β-subunit of the ATP synthase (β-F1 -ATPase), which forms the catalytic site of the enzyme ATP synthase, is reduced in muscle of obese humans, along with a reduced capacity for ATP synthesis. We studied 18 young (37 ± 8 years) subjects of which nine were lean (BMI = 23 ± 2 kg m-2 ) and nine were obese (BMI = 34 ± 3 kg m-2 ) to determine the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and gene expression of β-F1 -ATPase, as well as the specific activity of the ATP synthase. FSR of β-F1 -ATPase was determined using a combination of isotope tracer infusion and muscle biopsies. Gene expression of β-F1 -ATPase and specific activity of the ATP synthase were determined in the muscle biopsies. When compared to lean, obese subjects had lower muscle β-F1 -ATPase FSR (0.10 ± 0.05 vs. 0.06 ± 0.03% h-1 ; P < 0.05) and protein expression (P < 0.05), but not mRNA expression (P > 0.05). Across subjects, abundance of β-F1 -ATPase correlated with the FSR of β-F1 -ATPase (P < 0.05). The specific activity of muscle ATP synthase was lower in obese compared to lean subjects (0.035 ± 0.004 vs. 0.042 ± 0.007 arbitrary units; P < 0.05), but this difference was not significant after the activity of the ATP synthase was adjusted to the β-F1 -ATPase content (P > 0.05). Obesity impairs the synthesis of β-F1 -ATPase in muscle at the translational level, reducing the content of β-F1 -ATPase in parallel with reduced capacity for ATP generation via the ATP synthase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Tran
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85297, USA
| | - Paul R Langlais
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Nyssa Hoffman
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85297, USA
| | - Lori Roust
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Christos S Katsanos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85297, USA.,College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
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13
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Yu HT, Fu XY, Liang B, Wang S, Liu JK, Wang SR, Feng ZH. Oxidative damage of mitochondrial respiratory chain in different organs of a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1957-1967. [PMID: 28573457 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. METHODS In this study, we dynamically observed the characteristics of mitochondrial damage in a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). From the 2nd to the 10th week, animals were killed every 2 weeks and the heart, liver, kidney, and testicular tissues were harvested. Mitochondria were isolated and the activities of respiratory chain complexes I, II, III, and IV as well as the 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine content were determined. Reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were measured. RESULTS Mitochondrial damages were observed in the heart and liver of DIO and DR rats, and the damages occurred later in DR group than that in DIO group. The mitochondrial membrane potential of heart and liver decreased in DIO and DR groups. The activity of the heart mitochondria complexes I, III, and IV (composing NADH oxidative respiratory) was higher in the early stage of DIO and lower in the end of week 10. The higher activity of the liver complexes I, III, and IV was found until the end of week 10 in DIO and DR groups, accompanied with enhanced oxidative stress. Besides, mitochondrial DNA damages were observed in all tissues. CONCLUSION In DIO rats, the heart mitochondrial dysfunction occurred first and the liver presented the strongest compensatory ability against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yu
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, 5 Jilin Street, FengMan District, Jilin City, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Fu
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, 5 Jilin Street, FengMan District, Jilin City, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Liang
- HaiNan Branch of P.L.A. General Hospital, Sanya, 572014, Hainan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, TongZhou, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Jian-Kang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 W. Xian-ning Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shanxi, China
| | - Shu-Ran Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, 5 Jilin Street, FengMan District, Jilin City, 132013, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Feng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 W. Xian-ning Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shanxi, China.
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14
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Willig AL, Kramer PA, Chacko BK, Darley-Usmar VM, Heath SL, Overton ET. Monocyte bioenergetic function is associated with body composition in virologically suppressed HIV-infected women. Redox Biol 2017; 12:648-656. [PMID: 28395172 PMCID: PMC5388916 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Women living with HIV may present with high levels of body fat that are associated with altered bioenergetic function. Excess body fat may therefore exacerbate the bioenergetic dysfunction observed with HIV infection. To determine if body fat is associated with bioenergetic function in HIV, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 42 women with HIV who were virologically suppressed on antiretroviral therapy. Body composition was determined via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of monocytes was sorted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from participants in the fasting state. Differences in bioenergetic function, as measured by OCR, was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlations adjusted for age, race, and smoking status. Participants were 86% Black, 45.5 years old, 48% current smokers, and 57% were obese (body mass index ≥30). Nearly all women (93%) had >30% total fat mass, while 12% had >50% total fat mass. Elevated levels of total fat mass, trunk fat, and leg fat were inversely correlated with measures of bioenergetic health as evidenced by lower maximal and reserve capacity OCR, and Bioenergetic Health Index. Measures of extracellular acidification (ECAR) in the absence (basal) or maximal (with oligomycin) were positively correlated with measures of bioenergetics, except proton leak, and were negatively correlated with fat mass. Despite virological suppression, women with HIV present with extremely high levels of adiposity that correlate with impaired bioenergetic health. Without effective interventions, this syndemic of HIV infection and obesity will likely have devastating consequences for our patients, potentially mediated through altered mitochondrial and glycolytic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Willig
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Philip A Kramer
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Balu K Chacko
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Sonya L Heath
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - E Turner Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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15
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O'Brien LC, Wade RC, Segal L, Chen Q, Savas J, Lesnefsky EJ, Gorgey AS. Mitochondrial mass and activity as a function of body composition in individuals with spinal cord injury. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13080. [PMID: 28193782 PMCID: PMC5309572 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is accompanied by deterioration in body composition and severe muscle atrophy. These changes put individuals at risk for insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. To determine the relationships between skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass, activity, and body composition, 22 men with motor complete SCI were studied. Body composition assessment was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to measure citrate synthase (CS) and complex III (CIII) activity. CS activity was inversely related to %body fat (r = -0.57, P = 0.013), %leg fat (r = -0.52, P = 0.027), %trunk fat (r = -0.54, P = 0.020), and %android fat (r = -0.54, P = 0.017). CIII activity was negatively related to %body fat (r = -0.58, P = 0.022) and %leg fat (r = -0.54, P = 0.037). Increased visceral adipose tissue was associated with decreased CS and CIII activity (r = -0.66, P = 0.004; r = -0.60, P = 0.022). Thigh intramuscular fat was also inversely related to both CS and CIII activity (r = -0.56, P = 0.026; r = -0.60, P = 0.024). Conversely, lean mass (r = 0.75, P = 0.0003; r = 0.65, P = 0.008) and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA; r = 0.82, P = 0.0001; r = 0.84; P = 0.0001) were positively related to mitochondrial parameters. When normalized to thigh muscle CSA, many body composition measurements remained related to CS and CIII activity, suggesting that %fat and lean mass may predict mitochondrial mass and activity independent of muscle size. Finally, individuals with SCI over age 40 had decreased CS and CIII activity (P = 0.009; P = 0.004), suggesting a decrease in mitochondrial health with advanced age. Collectively, these findings suggest that an increase in adipose tissue and decrease in lean mass results in decreased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity in individuals with chronic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C O'Brien
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rodney C Wade
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Liron Segal
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeannie Savas
- Department of Surgery, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Medical Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Association of triglyceride-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio to cardiorespiratory fitness in men. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:1414-1422.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Bharadwaj MS, Tyrrell DJ, Leng I, Demons JL, Lyles MF, Carr JJ, Nicklas BJ, Molina AJA. Relationships between mitochondrial content and bioenergetics with obesity, body composition and fat distribution in healthy older adults. BMC OBESITY 2015; 2:40. [PMID: 26448868 PMCID: PMC4594906 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-015-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial function declines with age; however, the relationship between adiposity and mitochondrial function among older adults is unclear. This study examined relationships between skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and electron transport chain complex 2 driven respiration with whole body and thigh composition, body fat distribution, and insulin sensitivity in older adults. Methods 25 healthy, sedentary, weight-stable men (N = 13) and women (N = 12) >65 years of age, with a BMI range of 18-35 kg/m2, participated in this study. Vastus lateralis biopsies were analyzed for citrate synthase (CS) activity and succinate mediated respiration of isolated mitochondria. Whole body and thigh composition were measured by DXA and CT. HOMA-IR was calculated using fasting glucose and insulin as an estimate of insulin sensitivity. Results Similar to reports in middle-aged adults, skeletal muscle CS activity was negatively correlated with BMI (R = −0.43) in our cohort of older adults. Higher total and thigh adiposity were correlated with lower CS activity independent of BMI (R = −0.50 and −0.71 respectively). Maximal complex 2 driven mitochondrial respiration was negatively correlated with lower body adiposity in males (R = −0.66). In this cohort of non-diabetic older adults, both HOMA-IR and insulin were positively correlated with CS activity when controlling for BMI (R = 0.57 and 0.66 respectively). Conclusions Adiposity and body composition are correlated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and electron transport chain function in healthy, sedentary, community dwelling, older adults. Specific relationships of mitochondrial bioenergetics with gender and insulin sensitivity are also apparent. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01049698 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-015-0070-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish S Bharadwaj
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Iris Leng
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Jamehl L Demons
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Mary F Lyles
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Sticht Center on Aging & Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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18
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Effect of regional muscle location but not adiposity on mitochondrial biogenesis-regulating proteins. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 116:11-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Moinard C, Le Plenier S, Noirez P, Morio B, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Kharchi C, Ferry A, Neveux N, Cynober L, Raynaud-Simon A. Citrulline Supplementation Induces Changes in Body Composition and Limits Age-Related Metabolic Changes in Healthy Male Rats. J Nutr 2015; 145:1429-37. [PMID: 26019250 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with profound metabolic disturbances, and citrulline may be of use to limit them. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term effect of citrulline supplementation on metabolism in healthy aged rats. METHODS Twenty-month-old male rats were randomly assigned to be fed (ad libitum) for 12 wk with either a citrulline-enriched diet (1 g ⋅ kg(-1) ⋅ d(-1)) or a standard diet [rendered isonitrogenous by addition of nonessential amino acids (NEAAs)]. Motor activity and muscle strength were measured, body composition was assessed, and muscle metabolism (protein structure, mitochondrial exploration, and transductional factors) and lipid metabolism (lipoprotein composition and sensitivity to oxidative stress) were explored. RESULTS Compared with the NEAA-treated group, citrulline supplementation was associated with lower mortality (0% vs. 20%; P = 0.05), 9% higher lean body mass (P < 0.05), and 13% lower fat mass (P < 0.05). Compared with the NEAA-treated group, citrulline-treated rats had greater muscle mass (+14-48% depending on type of muscle; P < 0.05 for tibialis, gastrocnemius, and plantaris). Susceptibility to oxidation of lipoproteins, as measured by the maximal concentration of 7-ketocholesterol after copper-induced VLDL and LDL oxidation, was lower in citrulline-treated rats than in NEAA-treated rats (187 ± 8 μmol/L vs. 243 ± 7 μmol/L; P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Citrulline treatment in male aged rats favorably modulates body composition and protects against lipid oxidation and, thus, emerges as an interesting candidate to help prevent the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Noirez
- Department of Experimental, Metabolic, and Clinical Biology, EA 4466
| | - Béatrice Morio
- National Institute for Agronomic Research, Mixed Research Unit 1019, Human Nutrition Unit, Human Nutrition Research Center Auvergne and Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Public Assistance of Parisian Hospital (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Kharchi
- Animalerie Centrale, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques de l'Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- National Institute for Medical Research U974, National Scientific Research Center, Mixed Research Unit 7215, Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Department of Experimental, Metabolic, and Clinical Biology, EA 4466, Service Biochimie Interhospitalier Hôtel-Dieu et Cochin, Public Assistance of Parisian Hospital, Paris, France; and
| | - Luc Cynober
- Department of Experimental, Metabolic, and Clinical Biology, EA 4466, Service Biochimie Interhospitalier Hôtel-Dieu et Cochin, Public Assistance of Parisian Hospital, Paris, France; and
| | - Agathe Raynaud-Simon
- Department of Experimental, Metabolic, and Clinical Biology, EA 4466, Département de Gériatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Bichat et Beaujon, AP-HP, Faculté de Médecine Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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20
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Soto-Urquieta MG, López-Briones S, Pérez-Vázquez V, Saavedra-Molina A, González-Hernández GA, Ramírez-Emiliano J. Curcumin restores mitochondrial functions and decreases lipid peroxidation in liver and kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. Biol Res 2014; 47:74. [PMID: 25723052 PMCID: PMC4289591 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrosative and oxidative stress play a key role in obesity and diabetes-related mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective was to investigate the effect of curcumin treatment on state 3 and 4 oxygen consumption, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, ATPase activity and lipid oxidation in mitochondria isolated from liver and kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. Results Hyperglycaemia increased oxygen consumption and decreased NO synthesis in liver mitochondria isolated from diabetic mice relative to the control mice. In kidney mitochondria, hyperglycaemia increased state 3 oxygen consumption and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels in diabetic mice relative to control mice. Interestingly, treating db/db mice with curcumin improved or restored these parameters to normal levels; also curcumin increased liver mitochondrial ATPase activity in db/db mice relative to untreated db/db mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that hyperglycaemia modifies oxygen consumption rate, NO synthesis and increases TBARS levels in mitochondria from the liver and kidneys of diabetic mice, whereas curcumin may have a protective role against these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Soto-Urquieta
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. León, 37320, Obregón, GTO, México.
| | - Sergio López-Briones
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. León, 37320, Obregón, GTO, México.
| | - Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. León, 37320, Obregón, GTO, México.
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, MICH, México. .,University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Joel Ramírez-Emiliano
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. León, 37320, Obregón, GTO, México.
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21
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Demine S, Reddy N, Renard P, Raes M, Arnould T. Unraveling biochemical pathways affected by mitochondrial dysfunctions using metabolomic approaches. Metabolites 2014; 4:831-78. [PMID: 25257998 PMCID: PMC4192695 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction(s) (MDs) can be defined as alterations in the mitochondria, including mitochondrial uncoupling, mitochondrial depolarization, inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, mitochondrial network fragmentation, mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations and the mitochondrial accumulation of protein aggregates. All these MDs are known to alter the capacity of ATP production and are observed in several pathological states/diseases, including cancer, obesity, muscle and neurological disorders. The induction of MDs can also alter the secretion of several metabolites, reactive oxygen species production and modify several cell-signalling pathways to resolve the mitochondrial dysfunction or ultimately trigger cell death. Many metabolites, such as fatty acids and derived compounds, could be secreted into the blood stream by cells suffering from mitochondrial alterations. In this review, we summarize how a mitochondrial uncoupling can modify metabolites, the signalling pathways and transcription factors involved in this process. We describe how to identify the causes or consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction using metabolomics (liquid and gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry analysis, NMR spectroscopy) in the obesity and insulin resistance thematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Demine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Nagabushana Reddy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Martine Raes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NARILIS (Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium.
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22
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Larsen S, Skaaby S, Helge JW, Dela F. Effects of exercise training on mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:482-492. [PMID: 25126394 PMCID: PMC4127583 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a decreased ability of insulin to facilitate glucose uptake into insulin sensitive tissue, i.e., skeletal muscle. The mechanism behind this is at the moment unresolved. It has been suggested that increased amount of lipids inside the skeletal muscle (intramuscular triglyceride, diacylglycerol and ceramides) will impair insulin action in skeletal muscle, but data are not consistent in the human literature. It has also been hypothesized that the impaired insulin sensitivity is due to a dysfunction in the mitochondria resulting in an impaired ability to oxidize lipids, but the majority of the literature is not supporting this hypothesis. Recently it has been suggested that the production of reactive oxygen species play an essential role in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. It is well accepted that physical activity (endurance, strength and high intensity training) improves insulin sensitivity in healthy humans and in patients with type 2 diabetes. Whether patients with type 2 diabetes have the same beneficial effects (same improvement) as control subjects, when it comes to regular physical activity in regard to mitochondrial function, is not established in the literature. This review will focus only on the effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle (mitochondrial function) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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23
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Boirie Y, Morio B, Caumon E, Cano NJ. Nutrition and protein energy homeostasis in elderly. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 136-137:76-84. [PMID: 24486557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein-energy homeostasis is a major determinant of healthy aging. Inadequate nutritional intakes and physical activity, together with endocrine disturbances are associated with of sarcopenia and frailty. Guidelines from scientific societies mainly address the quantitative aspects of protein and energy nutrition in elderly. Besides these quantitative aspects of protein load, perspective strategies to promote muscle protein synthesis and prevent sarcopenia include pulse feeding, the use of fast proteins and the addition of leucine or citrulline to dietary protein. An integrated management of sarcopenia, taking into account the determinants of muscle wasting, i.e. nutrition, physical activity, anabolic factors such as androgens, vitamin D and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids status, needs to be tested in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. The importance of physical activity, specifically resistance training, is emphasized, not only in order to facilitate muscle protein anabolism but also to increase appetite and food intake in elderly people at risk of malnutrition. According to present data, healthy nutrition in elderly should respect the guidelines for protein and energy requirement, privilege a Mediterranean way of alimentation, and be associated with a regular physical activity. Further issues relate to the identification of the genetics determinants of protein energy wasting in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Boirie
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, BP 321, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 01, France.
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, BP 321, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 01, France.
| | - Elodie Caumon
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Noël J Cano
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, BP 321, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand cedex 01, France.
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24
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Insulin resistance and its related diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have been linked to changes in aerobic metabolism, pointing to a possible role of mitochondria in the development of insulin resistance. RECENT ADVANCES Refined methodology of ex vivo high-resolution respirometry and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy now allows describing several features of mitochondria in humans. In addition to measuring mitochondrial function at baseline and after exercise-induced submaximal energy depletion, the response of mitochondria to endocrine and metabolic challenges, termed mitochondrial plasticity, can be assessed using hyperinsulinemic clamp tests. While insulin resistant states do not uniformly relate to baseline and post-exercise mitochondrial function, mitochondrial plasticity is typically impaired in insulin resistant relatives of T2DM, in overt T2DM and even in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). CRITICAL ISSUES The variability of baseline mitochondrial function in the main target tissue of insulin action, skeletal muscle and liver, may be attributed to inherited and acquired changes in either mitochondrial quantity or quality. In addition to certain gene polymorphisms and aging, circulating glucose and lipid concentrations correlate with both mitochondrial function and plasticity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite the associations between features of mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity, the question of a causal relationship between compromised mitochondrial plasticity and insulin resistance in the development of obesity and T2DM remains to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jelenik
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Rider OJ, Cox P, Tyler D, Clarke K, Neubauer S. Myocardial substrate metabolism in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37:972-9. [PMID: 23069666 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to a wide variety of cardiac changes, from subclinical diastolic dysfunction to end-stage systolic heart failure. Obesity causes changes in cardiac metabolism, which make ATP production and utilization less efficient, producing functional consequences that are linked to the increased rate of heart failure in this population. As a result of the increases in circulating fatty acids and insulin resistance that accompanies excess fat storage, several of the proteins and genes that are responsible for fatty acid uptake and metabolism are upregulated, and the metabolic machinery responsible for glucose utilization and oxidation are inhibited. The resultant increase in fatty acid metabolism, and the inherent alterations in the proteins of the electron transport chain used to create the gradient needed to drive mitochondrial ATP production, results in a decrease in efficiency of cardiac work and a relative increase in oxygen usage. These changes in cardiac mitochondrial metabolism are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of obesity-related heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Rider
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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26
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Rider OJ, Francis JM, Tyler D, Byrne J, Clarke K, Neubauer S. Effects of weight loss on myocardial energetics and diastolic function in obesity. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 29:1043-50. [PMID: 23269470 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-012-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A reduced myocardial phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio is linked to both diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. Although obesity is well known to cause diastolic dysfunction a link to impaired cardiac energetics has only recently been established. We assessed whether or not long-term weight loss in obesity, which is known to reduce mortality, is accompanied by both improved cardiac energetics and diastolic function. Normal weight (BMI 22 ± 2; n = 18) and obese subjects (BMI 34 ± 4; n = 13) underwent cine-MRI (1.5 Tesla) to determine left ventricular diastolic function using volume-time curve analysis, and (31)P-MR spectroscopy (3 Tesla) to assess cardiac energetics (PCr/ATP ratio). Obese subjects (n = 13) underwent repeat assessment after 1 year of supervised weight loss. Obesity, in the absence of identifiable cardiovascular risk factors, was associated with significantly impaired myocardial high energy phosphate metabolism (PCr/ATP ratio, normal; 2.03 ± 0.27 vs. obese; 1.58 ± 0.47, p = 0.002) and significantly lower peak diastolic filling rate (normal; 4.8 ± 0.8 vs. obese; 3.8 ± 0.7 EDV/s, p = 0.01). Weight loss (on average 9 kg, 55% excess weight) over 1 year resulted in a 24% increase in PCr/ATP ratio (p = 0.01) and an 18% improvement in peak diastolic filling rate (p = 0.01). Myocardial PCr/ATP ratio remained positively correlated with peak diastolic filling rate after weight loss (r = 0.63, p = 0.02). In obesity, weight loss improves impaired cardiac energetics and myocardial relaxation. Improved myocardial energetics appear to play a key role in diastolic functional recovery accompanying weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Rider
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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27
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Rider OJ, Francis JM, Ali MK, Holloway C, Pegg T, Robson MD, Tyler D, Byrne J, Clarke K, Neubauer S. Effects of catecholamine stress on diastolic function and myocardial energetics in obesity. Circulation 2012; 125:1511-9. [PMID: 22368152 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.069518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by impaired cardiac energetics, which may play a role in the development of diastolic dysfunction and inappropriate shortness of breath. We assessed whether, in obesity, derangement of energetics and diastolic function is further altered during acute cardiac stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Normal-weight (body mass index, 22±2 kg/m(2); n=9-17) and obese (body mass index, 39±7 kg/m(2); n=17-46) subjects underwent assessment of diastolic left ventricular function (cine magnetic resonance imaging volume-time curve analysis) and cardiac energetics (phosphocreatine/ATP ratio; (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy) at rest and during dobutamine stress (heart rate increase, 65±22% and 69±14%, respectively; P=0.61). At rest, obesity was associated with a 22% lower peak filling rate (P<0.001) and a 15% lower phosphocreatine/ATP ratio (1.73±0.40 versus 2.03±0.28; P=0.048). Peak filling rate correlated with fat mass, left ventricular mass, leptin, waist-to-hip ratio, and phosphocreatine/ATP ratio. On multivariable analysis, phosphocreatine/ATP was the only independent predictor of peak filling rate (β=0.50; P=0.03). During stress, a further reduction in phosphocreatine/ATP occurred in obese (from 1.73±0.40 to 1.53±0.50; P=0.03) but not in normal-weight (from 1.98±0.24 to 2.04±0.34; P=0.50) subject. For similar levels of inotropic stress, there were smaller increases in peak filling rate in obesity (38% versus 70%; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS In obesity, cardiac energetics are further deranged during inotropic stress, in association with continued diastolic dysfunction. Myocardial energetics may play a key role in the impairment of diastolic function in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Rider
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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28
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Barquissau V, Morio B. Physiopathologie de l’insulinorésistance dans le muscle squelettique et implication des fonctions mitochondriales. NUTR CLIN METAB 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Ji C, Chen X, Gao C, Jiao L, Wang J, Xu G, Fu H, Guo X, Zhao Y. IL-6 induces lipolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction, but does not affect insulin-mediated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:367-75. [PMID: 21732177 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as an important cytokine involved in the regulation of metabolism. However, the role of IL-6 in the etiology of obesity and insulin resistance is not fully understood. Mitochondria are key organelles of energy metabolism, and there is growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated insulin resistance. In this study, we determined the direct effect of IL-6 on lipolysis in adipocytes, and the effects of IL-6 on mitochondrial function were investigated. We found that cells treated with IL-6 displayed fewer lipids and an elevated glycerol release rate. Further, IL-6 treatment led to decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased cellular ATP production, and increased intracellular ROS levels. The mitochondria in IL-6-treated cells became swollen and hollow with reduced or missing cristae. However, insulin-stimulated glucose transport was unaltered. PGC-1α, NRF1, and mtTFA mRNA levels were markedly increased, and the mitochondrial contents were also increased. Our results demonstrate that IL-6 can exert a direct lipolytic effect and induce mitochondrial dysfunction. However, IL-6 did not affect insulin sensitivity in adipocytes in vitro. We deduce that in these cells, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis might play a compensatory role in glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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