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López-Cervantes JP, Lønnebotn M, Jogi NO, Calciano L, Kuiper IN, Darby MG, Dharmage SC, Gómez-Real F, Hammer B, Bertelsen RJ, Johannessen A, Würtz AML, Mørkve Knudsen T, Koplin J, Pape K, Skulstad SM, Timm S, Tjalvin G, Krauss-Etschmann S, Accordini S, Schlünssen V, Kirkeleit J, Svanes C. The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12684. [PMID: 34886409 PMCID: PMC8657011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult since the human reproductive cycle spans decades and the access to germ cells is limited. The exposome is defined as the cumulative measure of external exposures on an organism (external exposome), and the associated biological responses (endogenous exposome) throughout the lifespan, from conception and onwards. An exposome approach implies a targeted or agnostic analysis of the concurrent and temporal multiple exposures, and may, together with recent technological advances, improve the assessment of the environmental contributors to health and disease. This review describes the current knowledge on preconception environmental exposures as related to respiratory health outcomes in offspring. We discuss the usefulness and feasibility of using an exposome approach in this research, advocating for the preconception exposure window to become included in the exposome concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo López-Cervantes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Nils Oskar Jogi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Matthew G. Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Francisco Gómez-Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Hammer
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Ane Johannessen
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Toril Mørkve Knudsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathrine Pape
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Research Unit, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
| | - Gro Tjalvin
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | | | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
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Goldberg M, Ciesielski Jones AJ, McGrath JA, Barker-Cummings C, Cousins DS, Kipling LM, Meadows JW, Kesner JS, Marcus M, Monteilh C, Sandler DP. Urinary and salivary endocrine measurements to complement Tanner staging in studies of pubertal development. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251598. [PMID: 33984062 PMCID: PMC8118248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies investigating pubertal development use Tanner staging to assess maturation. Endocrine markers in urine and saliva may provide an objective, sensitive, and non-invasive method for assessing development. Objective Our objective was to examine whether changes in endocrine levels can indicate the onset of pubertal development prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Methods Thirty-five girls and 42 boys aged 7 to 15 years were enrolled in the Growth and Puberty (GAP) study, a longitudinal pilot study conducted from 2007–2009 involving children of women enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa. We collected saliva and urine samples and assessed pubertal development by self-rated Tanner staging (pubic hair, breast development (girls), genital development (boys)) at three visits over six months. We measured dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva and creatinine-adjusted luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) concentrations in first morning urine. We evaluated the relationships over time between Tanner stage and each biomarker using repeated measures analysis. Results Among girls still reporting Tanner breast stage 1 at the final visit, FSH levels increased over the 6-month follow-up period and were no longer lower than higher stage girls at the end of follow-up. We observed a similar pattern for testosterone in boys. By visit 3, boys still reporting Tanner genital stage 1 or pubic hair stage 1 had attained DHEA levels that were comparable to those among boys reporting Tanner stages 2 or 3. Conclusions Increasing concentrations of FSH in girls and DHEA and testosterone in boys over a 6-month period revealed the start of the pubertal process prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Repeated, non-invasive endocrine measures may complement the more subjective assessment of physical markers in studies determining pubertal onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Goldberg
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MG); (DPS)
| | | | - John A. McGrath
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Deborah S. Cousins
- Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Kipling
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Juliana W. Meadows
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - James S. Kesner
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michele Marcus
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Departments of Environmental Health and Pediatrics, Emory University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Monteilh
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MG); (DPS)
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Sawal N, Kaur J, Kaur K, Gombar S. Dihydrotestosterone in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-The missing link? Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01645. [PMID: 33047895 PMCID: PMC7667368 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testosterone has been postulated to be involved in ALS causation. MATERIALS AND METHODS CSF levels of free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured in 13 ALS patients [7 males, 6 females] and 22 controls [12 males, 10 females]. RESULTS CSF free testosterone levels did not show any significant differences but CSF dihydrotestosterone levels were significantly decreased in all male and female ALS patients. CONCLUSIONS DHT is probably integral to survival of motor neurons. In patients predisposed to develop ALS, there is possibly a sort of "testosterone resistance" at level of blood-brain barrier [BBB] existing right from birth and is likely the result of dysfunctional transport protein involved in testosterone transfer across the BBB. In these patients, lesser amount of testosterone is able to breach the BBB and enter the central neural axis. Lesser amount of testosterone is available to 5 α reductase in the anterior pituitary to be converted to DHT and lesser amount of DHT is generated. There is inadequate negative feedback suppression of LH at the level of anterior pituitary by DHT. As a result of higher LH levels, testosterone levels rise in the peripheral testosterone fraction [the fraction outside the BBB] and this explains the various physical attributes of ALS patients like lower Ratio of the index and ring finger lengths (2D:4D ratio), increased incidence of early onset alopecia etc. This deficiency of DHT leads to motor neuron death causing ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishit Sawal
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Government Medical college and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasbinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical college and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical college and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Satinder Gombar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Government Medical college and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Pilsner JR, Shershebnev A, Medvedeva YA, Suvorov A, Wu H, Goltsov A, Loukianov E, Andreeva T, Gusev F, Manakhov A, Smigulina L, Logacheva M, Shtratnikova V, Kuznetsova I, Speranskiy-Podobed P, Burns JS, Williams PL, Korrick S, Lee MM, Rogaev E, Hauser R, Sergeyev O. Peripubertal serum dioxin concentrations and subsequent sperm methylome profiles of young Russian adults. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 78:40-49. [PMID: 29550351 PMCID: PMC6130911 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the peripubertal period with subsequent sperm DNA methylation is unknown. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of peripubertal serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concentrations with whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of sperm collected in young adulthood. METHODS The Russian Children's Study is a prospective cohort of 516 boys who were enrolled at 8-9 years of age and provided semen samples at 18-19 years of age. WGBS of sperm was conducted to identify differentially methylated regions (DMR) between highest (n = 4) and lowest (n = 4) peripubertal TCDD groups. RESULTS We found 52 DMRs that distinguished lowest and highest peripubertal serum TCDD concentrations. One of the top scoring networks, "Cellular Assembly and Organization, Cellular Function and Maintenance, Carbohydrate Metabolism", identified estrogen receptor alpha as its central regulator. CONCLUSION Findings from our limited sample size suggest that peripubertal environmental exposures are associated with sperm DNA methylation in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Alex Shershebnev
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Yulia A Medvedeva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology Russian Academy of Sciences, 60 let Oktjabrja pr-t, 7, Bld. 1, 117312, Moscow, Russia; Department of Computational Biology, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Andrey Goltsov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 4 Oparin St., 117997, Moscow, Russia; Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Loukianov
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Andreeva
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Fedor Gusev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey Manakhov
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Luidmila Smigulina
- Chapaevsk Medical Association, 3a Meditsinskaya st., 446100, Chapaevsk, Samara region, Russia.
| | - Maria Logacheva
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, 119992, Moscow, Russia; Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143028, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Victoria Shtratnikova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, 119992, Moscow, Russia; Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143028, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina Kuznetsova
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Peter Speranskiy-Podobed
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Jane S Burns
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Susan Korrick
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mary M Lee
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, 01604 Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Oleg Sergeyev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina St., 119991, Moscow, Russia; Chapaevsk Medical Association, 3a Meditsinskaya st., 446100, Chapaevsk, Samara region, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, House 1, Building 40, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
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Wu H, Hauser R, Krawetz SA, Pilsner JR. Environmental Susceptibility of the Sperm Epigenome During Windows of Male Germ Cell Development. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 2:356-66. [PMID: 26362467 PMCID: PMC4623071 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-015-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Male germ cells require multiple epigenetic reprogramming events during their lifespan to achieve reproductive capacity. An emerging body of compelling data demonstrates that environmental exposures can be embodied within the developing male germ cell as epigenetic marks. In turn, these epigenetic marks can impart information at fertilization to affect the trajectory of offspring health and development. While it is recognized that in utero epigenetic reprogramming of male germ cells is a particularly susceptible window to environmental exposures, other such windows exist during germ cell development. The objective of this review is to discuss epigenetic reprogramming events during male germ cell development and to provide supporting evidence from animal and human studies that during specific periods of development, germ cells are susceptible to environmentally induced epigenetic errors. Moving forward, the nascent field of sperm epigenetics research is likely to advance our understanding of paternal environmental determinants of offspring health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 149 Goessmann, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Building I 14th Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Building I 14th Floor, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East. Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 149 Goessmann, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Marceau K, Ruttle PL, Shirtcliff EA, Essex MJ, Susman EJ. Developmental and contextual considerations for adrenal and gonadal hormone functioning during adolescence: Implications for adolescent mental health. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 57:742-68. [PMID: 24729154 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Substantial research has implicated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes independently in adolescent mental health problems, though this literature remains largely inconclusive. Given the cross-talk between the HPA and HPG axes and their increased activation in adolescence, a dual-axis approach that examines both axes simultaneously is proposed to predict the emergence and persistence of adolescent mental health problems. After briefly orienting readers to HPA and HPG axis functioning, we review the literature examining associations between hormone levels and changes with behavior during adolescence. Then, we provide a review of the literature supporting examination of both axes simultaneously and present the limited research that has taken a dual-axis approach. We propose future directions including consideration of between-person and within-person approaches to address questions of correlated changes in HPA and HPG hormones. Potential moderators are considered to increase understanding of the nuanced hormone-behavior associations during key developmental transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. .,Brown University, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Providence, RI. .,Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.
| | - Paula L Ruttle
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Elizabeth A Shirtcliff
- Iowa State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, New Orleans, LA
| | - Marilyn J Essex
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Marceau K, Ruttle PL, Shirtcliff EA, Hastings PD, Klimes-Dougan B, Zahn-Waxler C. Within-person coupling of changes in cortisol, testosterone, and DHEA across the day in adolescents. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 57:654-69. [PMID: 24166536 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We comprehensively examined within-person and between-person associations between cortisol and DHEA and cortisol and testosterone across the day. Data are from a sample of 213 adolescents aged 11-16 (M = 13.7, SD = 1.5 years) from the Northeastern US who were oversampled for psychopathology symptoms. Six repeated measures of hormone levels across 3 days were used to test three specific questions of cortisol-DHEA and cortisol-testosterone associations within individuals (coupling) across the day, and one question of cortisol-DHEA and cortisol-testosterone diurnal slopes were associated between adolescents. Results consistently revealed positive cortisol-DHEA and cortisol-testosterone coupling across the day, often more pronounced in girls relative to boys. Cortisol and DHEA slopes were positively associated, whereas cortisol and testosterone were negatively associated between-adolescents. Findings suggest multiple mechanisms and highlight the multifaceted nature of associations of hormone changes during adolescence and importance of considering both axes for between- and within-person aspects of neuroendocrine development.
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Rosenfield RL, Bordini B, Yu C. Comparison of detection of normal puberty in boys by a hormonal sleep test and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:4596-604. [PMID: 23043188 PMCID: PMC3513543 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The magnitude of sleep-related gonadotropin rise required to activate pubertal gonadal function is not established. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the normal relationship between sleep-related pubertal hormone levels and pituitary-testicular responsiveness to a GnRH agonist (GnRHag) test across the pubertal transition. DESIGN/SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a prospective study in a General Clinical Research Center with healthy 9- to 15-yr-old volunteer boys. INTERVENTIONS INTERVENTIONS included overnight blood sampling followed by leuprolide acetate injection (10 μg/kg). PRIMARY OUTCOME VARIABLES LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were evaluated. RESULTS LH levels during sleep and post-GnRHag rose steadily during the late prepubertal years. Sleep peak LH correlated highly with the LH response to GnRHag across groups (r = 0.913). A sleep peak LH level of at least 3.7 U/liter predicted pubertal testicular activation with 100% accuracy. LH of at least 14.8 and at least 19.0 U/liter 4 h after GnRHag, respectively, predicted puberty with 100% sensitivity/94% specificity and 100% specificity/94% sensitivity. Overweight pubertal boys had transiently prolonged responses to GnRHag. FSH rose during both waking and sleeping hours during the prepubertal years, and all pubertal boys had an FSH level of at least 0.9 U/liter awake and at least 1.2 U/liter asleep. Sleep LH was more closely related than FSH to testicular size. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a critical LH level during sleep (≥3.7 U/liter) heralds the onset of pubertal virilization and that this level is predictable by LH of at least 14.8-19 U/liter 4 h after GnRHag. These data also suggest that LH stimulation of testicular androgen production plays a role in stimulating testicular tubule growth once a critical level of FSH is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, 5841 South Maryland Avenue (MC-5053), Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Shaw ND, Butler JP, McKinney SM, Nelson SA, Ellenbogen JM, Hall JE. Insights into puberty: the relationship between sleep stages and pulsatile LH secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2055-62. [PMID: 22948756 PMCID: PMC3485602 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT During the pubertal transition, LH secretion initially increases only during sleep; however, its relationship to sleep stage is unknown. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine whether the initiation of LH pulses is related to a specific sleep stage in pubertal children. DESIGN AND SETTING Frequent blood sampling and polysomnographic studies were performed in a Clinical Research Center. SUBJECTS Fourteen studies were performed in nine healthy pubertal children, ages 9.9-15.6 yr. INTERVENTIONS Subjects underwent one to two overnight studies with polysomnography and blood sampling for LH at 10-min intervals. RESULTS Alignment of polysomnographic records and LH pulses demonstrated that LH pulses (n = 58) occurred most frequently during slow-wave sleep (SWS) (1.1 pulse/h, n = 30) compared with all other sleep stages or periods of wake after sleep onset (P < 0.001). There was also a significant increase in the amount of SWS in the 15 min preceding and the 5 min following each pulse compared with the amount of SWS seen across the study night (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS During puberty, the majority of LH pulses that occur after sleep onset are preceded by SWS, suggesting that SWS is intimately involved in the complex control of pubertal onset. These studies raise concerns about the potential hormonal repercussions of the increasing prevalence of sleep disturbances in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Shaw
- Reproductive Endocrine Unit, BHX-5, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is a transient state of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with prolongation of childhood phase of growth, delayed skeletal maturation, delayed and attenuated pubertal growth spurt, and relatively low insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion. In a considerable number of cases, the final adult height (Ht) does not reach the mid-parental or the predicted adult Ht for the individual, with some degree of disproportionately short trunk. In the pre-pubertal male, testosterone (T) replacement therapy can be used to induce pubertal development, accelerate growth and relieve the psychosocial complaints of the adolescents. However, some issues in the management are still unresolved. These include type, optimal timing, dose and duration of sex steroid treatment and the possible use of adjunctive or alternate therapy including: oxandrolone, aromatase inhibitors and human growth hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf T. Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vincenzo De Sanctis
- Pediatric and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Quisisana Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Lee PA, Gollenberg AL, Hediger ML, Himes JH, Zhang Z, Louis GMB. Luteinizing hormone, testosterone and inhibin B levels in the peripubertal period and racial/ethnic differences among boys aged 6-11 years: analyses from NHANES III, 1988-1994. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 73:744-51. [PMID: 20825425 PMCID: PMC3169091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the initial physical findings of puberty are accompanied by hormonal evidence of pubertal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and whether racial/ethnic differences exist, we have analysed hormone levels in relation to age, onset of puberty and race/ethnicity. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and inhibin B from banked sera from a representative sample of US boys aged 6·0-11·99 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. PATIENTS Eight hundred and twenty-eight boys having sera including 228 non-Hispanic white (NHW), 266 non-Hispanic black (NHB), 288 Mexican-American (MA) and 46 'other'. MEASUREMENTS Using analysis of variance and linear regression techniques, concentrations of LH, T and inhibin B were compared by race/ethnicity for all boys and pubertal status (Tanner's Staging 1, 2 and 3+) for boys aged 8 years and older. Receiver operating curves were utilized to identify cut-points predictive of pubertal HPG status. RESULTS Mean hormones levels progressively increased with age. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicate hormones are consistent with pubertal onset as indicated by Tanner stage 2, except for T and genital stage 2. Inhibin B and LH levels increased significantly by genital stage after adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, while LH and T concentrations increased significantly across pubic hair stages. Levels of inhibin B were significantly higher for NHB boys compared with other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS In these cross-sectional findings, hormone levels rise gradually as boys approach the peripubertal age, whereas an abrupt rise was not associated with the onset of physical changes of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Human aromatase deficiency is a very rare syndrome characterized by congenital estrogen deprivation that is caused by loss-of-function mutations in CYP19A1, which encodes aromatase. Here, we review the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of aromatase deficiency in men to provide useful advice for clinical management of the condition. At presentation, all men with aromatase deficiency have tall stature, delayed bone maturation, osteopenia or osteoporosis and eunuchoid skeletal proportions. Diagnosis of the condition is supported by the presence of unfused epiphyses and undetectable serum estradiol levels; the condition can be further substantiated by genetic sequencing of CYP19A1. Transdermal estradiol treatment at a daily dose of about 25 microg might be adequate for lifelong replacement therapy. BMD and levels of serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone and testosterone should be monitored carefully and considered powerful biochemical markers of adequate estrogen substitution in clinical practice. Early diagnosis is important to initiate estrogen therapy as soon after puberty as possible to avoid the skeletal complications that are associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Rochira
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism and Geriatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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13
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Bao S, Peng Y, Sheng S, Lin Q. Assessment of urinary total testosterone production by a highly sensitive time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay. J Clin Lab Anal 2009; 22:403-8. [PMID: 19021270 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) that involves purification of the analyte by organic solvent extraction is widely used. Although the extraction RIA is reliable when properly validated, it is time consuming and radioactive, we measure urinary total testosterone with a highly sensitive rapid and accurate time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) method. High affinity antitestosterone antibody and Eu(3+) labeled Donkey antisheep IgG as tracers were used. The assay was evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, analytical recovery, precision and dilution linearity by the TRFIA method on urine samples. A satisfactory standard curve for testosterone TRFIA has been developed with good sensitivity (5.1 pmol/L). The validity of the assay for urinarytotal testosterone was confirmed by the good correlation between the results obtained by TRFIA (X) and those RIA (Y) (Y=0.075+0.971X, R=0.992). Specificity, analytical recovery, precision and dilution linearity studies were determined and all found to be satisfactory. Male urinary total testosterone excretion ranged from 64.00 to 374.11 nmol/24 hr, which was about four times more than the range for women urinary testosterone excretion (14.16-100.65 nmol/24 hr), which suggests that a direct, reliable, easy to automate, highly sensitive and specific TRFIA type assay for the measurement of total testosterone in urine samples has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Bao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Ankarberg-Lindgren C, Norjavaara E. Twenty-four hours secretion pattern of serum estradiol in healthy prepubertal and pubertal boys as determined by a validated ultra-sensitive extraction RIA. BMC Endocr Disord 2008; 8:10. [PMID: 18817534 PMCID: PMC2565689 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-8-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of estrogens in male physiology has become evident. However, clinically useful normative data for estradiol secretion in boys has not previously been established due to the insensitivity of current methods used in clinical routine. By use of a validated ultra-sensitive extraction RIA, our aim was to establish normative data from a group consisting of healthy boys in prepuberty and during pubertal development. METHODS Sixty-two 24-hours serum profiles (6 samples/24 hours) were obtained from 44 healthy boys (ages; 7.2-18.6 years) during their pubertal development, classified into five stages: prepuberty (testis, 1-2 mL), early (testis, 3-6 mL), mid (testis, 8-12 mL), late-1 (testis,15-25 mL, not reached final height) and late-2 (testis,15-25 mL, reached final height). Serum estradiol was determined by an ultra- sensitive extraction radioimmunoassay with detection limit 4 pmol/L and functional sensitivity 6 pmol/L. RESULTS Mean estradiol concentrations during 24-hours secretion increased from prepuberty (median: <4 (5-95 percentiles: <4 - 7) pmol/L) to early puberty (6 (<4 - 12 pmol/L) but then remained relatively constant until a marked increase between mid-puberty (8 (4 - 17) pmol/L) and late-1 (21 (12 - 37) pmol/L) puberty, followed by a slower increase until late-2 puberty (32 (20 - 47) pmol/L). The diurnal rhythm of serum estradiol was non-measurable in pre- and early puberty, but discerned in mid-puberty, and become evident in late pubertal stages with peak values at 0600 to 1000 h. CONCLUSION With the use of an ultra-sensitive extraction RIA, we have provided clinically useful normative data for estradiol secretion in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ankarberg-Lindgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, S-41685 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ensio Norjavaara
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, S-41685 Göteborg, Sweden
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