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Weijzen MEG, Kohlen M, Monsegue A, Houtvast DCJ, Nyakayiru J, Beijer S, Geerlings P, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC. Access to a pre-sleep protein snack increases daily energy and protein intake in surgical hospitalized patients. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1073-1078. [PMID: 38579369 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM In hospitalized patients, daily protein intake remains far below WHO requirements for healthy adults (0.8 g·kg-1·d-1) as well as ESPEN guidelines for patients (1.2-1.5 g·kg-1·d-1). Providing access to a pre-sleep protein dense snack between dinner and going to bed may serve as a great opportunity to increase daily energy and protein intake in hospitalized patients. However, it remains to be assessed whether protein provision prior to sleep effectively increases protein intake, or may reduce food intake throughout the remainder of the day(s). The present study evaluated the impact of giving access to a pre-sleep snack on daily energy and protein intake in patients throughout their hospitalization. METHODS Patients admitted to the surgical wards of the Maastricht University Medical Centre+ were randomly allocated to usual care (n = 51) or given access to a pre-sleep snack (n = 50). The pre-sleep snack consisted of 103 g cheese cubes (30 g protein) provided between 7:30 and 9:30 PM, prior to sleep. All food provided and all food consumed was weighed and recorded throughout (2-7 days) hospitalization. Daily energy and protein intake and distribution were calculated. Data were analyzed by independent T-Tests with P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. RESULTS Daily energy intake was higher in the pre-sleep group (1353 ± 424 kcal d-1) when compared to the usual care group (1190 ± 402 kcal·d-1; P = 0.049). Providing patients access to a pre-sleep snack resulted in a 17% (11 ± 9 g) higher daily protein intake (0.81 ± 0.29 g·kg-1·d-1) when compared to the usual care group (0.69 ± 0.28 g·kg-1·d-1; P = 0.045). Protein intake at breakfast, lunch, and dinner did not differ between the pre-sleep and usual care groups (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Providing access to a pre-sleep protein snack, in the form of protein dense food items such as cheese, represents an effective dietary strategy to increase daily energy and protein intake in hospitalized patients. Patients consuming pre-sleep protein snacks do not compensate by lowering energy or protein intake throughout the remainder of the days. Pre-sleep protein dense food provision should be implemented in hospital food logistics to improve the nutritional intake of patients. TRIAL REGISTER NO NL8507 (https://trialsearch.who.int/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E G Weijzen
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime Kohlen
- Department of Dietetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Monsegue
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands
| | - Dion C J Houtvast
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sandra Beijer
- Department of Dietetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands
| | - Phil Geerlings
- Department of Dietetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands.
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2
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Sciacchitano S, Carola V, Nicolais G, Sciacchitano S, Napoli C, Mancini R, Rocco M, Coluzzi F. To Be Frail or Not to Be Frail: This Is the Question-A Critical Narrative Review of Frailty. J Clin Med 2024; 13:721. [PMID: 38337415 PMCID: PMC10856357 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Many factors have contributed to rendering frailty an emerging, relevant, and very popular concept. First, many pandemics that have affected humanity in history, including COVID-19, most recently, have had more severe effects on frail people compared to non-frail ones. Second, the increase in human life expectancy observed in many developed countries, including Italy has led to a rise in the percentage of the older population that is more likely to be frail, which is why frailty is much a more common concern among geriatricians compared to other the various health-care professionals. Third, the stratification of people according to the occurrence and the degree of frailty allows healthcare decision makers to adequately plan for the allocation of available human professional and economic resources. Since frailty is considered to be fully preventable, there are relevant consequences in terms of potential benefits both in terms of the clinical outcome and healthcare costs. Frailty is becoming a popular, pervasive, and almost omnipresent concept in many different contexts, including clinical medicine, physical health, lifestyle behavior, mental health, health policy, and socio-economic planning sciences. The emergence of the new "science of frailty" has been recently acknowledged. However, there is still debate on the exact definition of frailty, the pathogenic mechanisms involved, the most appropriate method to assess frailty, and consequently, who should be considered frail. This narrative review aims to analyze frailty from many different aspects and points of view, with a special focus on the proposed pathogenic mechanisms, the various factors that have been considered in the assessment of frailty, and the emerging role of biomarkers in the early recognition of frailty, particularly on the role of mitochondria. According to the extensive literature on this topic, it is clear that frailty is a very complex syndrome, involving many different domains and affecting multiple physiological systems. Therefore, its management should be directed towards a comprehensive and multifaceted holistic approach and a personalized intervention strategy to slow down its progression or even to completely reverse the course of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Giampaolo Nicolais
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (G.N.)
| | - Simona Sciacchitano
- Department of Psychiatry, La Princesa University Hospital, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Surgical and Medical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Monica Rocco
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Department of Surgical and Medical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Flaminia Coluzzi
- Unit of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.C.)
- Department Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy
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3
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Schaumburger N, Pally J, Moraru II, Kositsawat J, Kuchel GA, Blinov ML. Dynamic model assuming mutually inhibitory biomarkers of frailty suggests bistability with contrasting mobility phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1079070. [PMID: 37216041 PMCID: PMC10192762 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1079070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bistability is a fundamental biological phenomenon associated with "switch-like" behavior reflecting the capacity of a system to exist in either of two stable states. It plays a role in gene regulation, cell fate switch, signal transduction and cell oscillation, with relevance for cognition, hearing, vision, sleep, gait and voiding. Here we consider a potential role for bistability in the existence of specific frailty states or phenotypes as part of disablement pathways. We use mathematical modeling with two frailty biomarkers (insulin growth factor-1, IGF-1 and interleukin-6, IL-6), which mutually inhibit each other. In our model, we demonstrate that small variations around critical IGF-1 or IL-6 blood levels lead to strikingly different mobility outcomes. We employ deterministic modeling of mobility outcomes, calculating the average trends in population health. Our model predicts the bistability of clinical outcomes: the deterministically-computed likelihood of an individual remaining mobile, becoming less mobile, or dying over time either increases to almost 100% or decreases to almost zero. Contrary to statistical models that attempt to estimate the likelihood of final outcomes based on probabilities and correlations, our model predicts functional outcomes over time based on specific hypothesized molecular mechanisms. Instead of estimating probabilities based on stochastic distributions and arbitrary priors, we deterministically simulate model outcomes over a wide range of physiological parameter values within experimentally derived boundaries. Our study is "a proof of principle" as it is based on a major assumption about mutual inhibition of pathways that is oversimplified. However, by making such an assumption, interesting effects can be described qualitatively. As our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in aging deepens, we believe that such modeling will not only lead to more accurate predictions, but also help move the field from using mostly studies of associations to mechanistically guided approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Schaumburger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Joel Pally
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Ion I. Moraru
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Michael L. Blinov
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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Park MJ, Choi KM. Interplay of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: sarcopenic obesity. Metabolism 2023; 144:155577. [PMID: 37127228 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is becoming a global health concern, owing to the rising older population, causing cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Loss of muscle exceeding normal age-related changes has been revealed to be associated with obesity, aggravating each other through complex interactions. Physiological regeneration and proliferation of muscle tissue are achieved through harmonious processes of regulated inflammation, autophagy, muscle satellite cell proliferation, and signaling molecule function. Adipokines and myokines are signaling molecules from adipose tissue and muscle, respectively, that exert autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects on fat and muscle tissues. These signaling molecules interact with each other to regulate metabolic homeostasis. However, excessive adiposity creates pro-inflammatory conditions, leading to metabolic disorders and the disorganization of systemic homeostasis. Therefore, obesity impedes muscle tissue regeneration and induces the loss of muscle mass and function. Numerous studies have attempted to demonstrate the pathophysiological interaction between sarcopenia and obesity, but the interwoven matrix of the relationship between myokines and adipokines has made it difficult for researchers to understand them. This review briefly describes updated information about the crosstalk between muscle and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Z, Nilsson E, Lindholm B, Heimbürger O, Barany P, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Chen J. Low-Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Associates With Increased Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Reduced Muscle Strength. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:298-306. [PMID: 35792256 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to metabolic and nutritional abnormalities including resistance to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) action, and reduced muscle mass and strength. Low IGF-1 as well as low hand-grip muscle strength (HGS) are independent predictors of increased mortality in CKD patients. METHODS In 685 patients (CKD Stage 3-5, median age 58 years; 62% men), baseline measurements of IGF-1, HGS, subjective global assessment (SGA), lean body mass index (LBMI), and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers potentially linked to IGF-1 were analyzed in relation to mortality during 5 years of follow-up. We compared survival in 4 groups with high or low (cut-offs defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis) levels of IGF-1 and HGS. RESULTS Patients with low IGF-1 were older; had lower BMI, HGS, and LBMI, were more likely to have diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and malnutrition (SGA >1); and had high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. During 5 years of follow-up, 208 patients died. The mortality rate was highest among patients with Low IGF-1 + Low HGS. In competing-risk regression analysis, Low IGF-1 + Low HGS was independently associated with 2.8 times higher all-cause mortality risk than Low IGF-1 + High HGS, after adjusting for Framingham's CVD risk score, presence of CVD, SGA, dialysis status, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, albumin, LBMI, and sample time in freezer. CONCLUSION Low IGF-1 was associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients who also had low HGS but not in those with high HGS, suggesting that the association of IGF-1 with survival in CKD patients depends on nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, China; Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Nilsson
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Heimbürger
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, China.
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6
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Laaksi A, Laaksi I, Pihlajamäki H, Vaara JP, Luukkaala T, Kyröläinen H. Associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with physical performance and anabolic hormones in young men. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1049503. [PMID: 36824467 PMCID: PMC9941541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1049503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study examined the association of vitamin D measured by serum 25(OH)D with physical performance outcomes and serum levels of anabolic hormones in young men. Methods: 412 young men (age 19 ± 1 year) entering their compulsory military service volunteered to participate in the study. The study consisted of two groups from two different military bases: Group A was studied in January and group B in July. The groups were first compared with each other and due to statistically significant (p < 0.001 analyzed with independent samples t-test) differences in physical condition (sit-up, push-up, and standing long jump-tests and testosterone levels) between the groups, groups were analyzed separately. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, testosterone (TES), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Physical performance tests consisted of muscular fitness (sit-ups, push-ups, standing long jump) and aerobic fitness (12-minute-running) tests. The association of serum 25(OH)D with physical performance tests and anabolic hormones was analyzed using linear regression. Results: After controlling for the group, body mass index, and leisure-time physical activity, serum 25(OH)D level was positively associated with aerobic and muscular fitness (β = 0.15-0.20, all p < 0.05). Also, the participants with sufficient serum 25(OH)D levels (≥75 nmol/L) had better aerobic and muscular fitness and higher TES in group B, and better upper extremity muscular fitness in group A (all p < 0.05). In group A, there were 166 participants with serum levels of 25(OH) D < 75 nmol/L and 18 ≥ 75 nmol/L. In group B, the amounts were 92 (<75 nmol/L) and 136 (≥75 nmol/L), respectively. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with both aerobic and muscular fitness and those with sufficient vitamin D levels, had higher levels of TES. Thus, maintaining a sufficient serum 25(OH)D level may be beneficial for physical performance and anabolic state in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akseli Laaksi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,*Correspondence: Akseli Laaksi,
| | - Ilkka Laaksi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Harri Pihlajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jani P. Vaara
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the endogenous hormonal factors related to dominant handgrip strength (HGS) in postmenopausal women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 402 postmenopausal women aged 47 to 83 years. The following variables were recorded: age, age at menopause, smoking status, adiposity, HGS, and physical activity. Hormonal parameters (follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, ∆4 androstenedione, insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1], vitamin D, and parathormone levels) were measured and results reported as odds ratios (ORs), β coefficients and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A directed acyclic graph was used to identify potential confounding variables and was adjusted in the regression model to assess associations between endogenous hormones and HGS. RESULTS The mean dominant HGS was 22.8 ± 3.7 kg, and 25.6% of women had dynapenia. There were significant differences in plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00), cortisol (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00) between women with normal HGS and those who presented with dynapenia. After adjusting for confounding variables, no significant association was found between endogenous hormones and HGS. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that studied ovarian steroids, adrenal hormones, IGF-1, parathormone, and vitamin D were not associated with HGS.
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8
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Gonçalves RSDSA, Maciel ÁCC, Rolland Y, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Frailty biomarkers under the perspective of geroscience: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101737. [PMID: 36162706 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular aging biomarkers might contribute to identify at-risk individuals for frailty before overt clinical manifestations appear. Although studies on the associations of aging biomarkers and frailty exist, no investigation has gathered this information using a structured framework for identifying aging biomarkers; as a result, the evidence on frailty and aging biomarkers is diffuse and incomplete. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to gather information on the associations of the hallmarks of aging and frailty under the perspective of geroscience. The literature on human studies on this topic is sparse and mainly composed of cross-sectional investigations performed in small study samples. The main putative aging biomarkers associated to frailty were: mitochondrial DNA copy number (genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction), telomere length (telomere attrition), global DNA methylation (epigenetic alterations), Hsp70 and Hsp72 (loss of proteostasis), IGF-1 and SIRT1 (deregulated nutrient-sensing), GDF-15 (mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence and altered intercellular communication), CD4 + and CD8 + cell percentages (cellular senescence), circulating osteogenic progenitor (COP) cells (stem cell exhaustion), and IL-6, CRP and TNF-alpha (altered intercellular communication). IGF-1, SIRT1, GDF-15, IL-6, CRP and TNF-alpha presented more evidence among these biomarkers, highlighting the importance of inflammation and nutrient sensing on frailty. Further longitudinal studies investigating biomarkers across the hallmarks of aging would provide valuable information on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yves Rolland
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; CERPOP, Inserm 1295, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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9
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Effect of Intake of Leucine-Rich Protein Supplement in Parallel with Resistance Exercise on the Body Composition and Function of Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214501. [PMID: 36364764 PMCID: PMC9655197 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sarcopenia has been dealt with in several studies, the standardized guidelines for preventing sarcopenia resulting from increased life expectancy are still insufficient. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of daily resistance exercise and the intake of leucine-rich protein supplements daily for 12 weeks on the body composition and physical function of healthy adults aged >50 years living in Korea. The study analyzed 50 healthy people without medical conditions, who were randomly assigned to two groups (taking either protein powder or placebo powder) twice a day for 12 weeks. All participants performed resistance exercises regularly that could be repeated 8−12 times using a TheraBand for 12 weeks. A total of 41 participants completed the study. When measured via bioimpedance analysis (BIA), body fat mass (kg) and body fat (%) significantly decreased, and lean body mass (LBM) (kg) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (kg) significantly increased, in both groups. However, when measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), LBM was significantly increased only in the protein powder group. The LBM and SMM change measured via BIA was significantly greater in the protein powder group than in the placebo powder group (LBM: 0.95 ± 0.91 kg in the protein powder group vs. 0.38 ± 1.06 kg in the placebo powder group, p = 0.043; SMM: 0.69 ± 0.58 kg in the protein powder group vs. 0.29 ± 0.65 kg in the placebo powder group, p = 0.039, respectively). In the senior fitness test (SFT), significant functional improvement was found within the two groups, but no significant difference was found between the groups in the degree of improvement. In conclusion, in older people aged >50, to prevent sarcopenia, is more effective to combine resistance exercise and leucine-rich protein supplementation than to simply perform resistance exercise.
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10
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Nakamura M, Imaoka M, Nakao H, Hida M, Tazaki F, Imai R, Hashizume H. Association between serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and locomotive syndrome in community-dwelling older people. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:766. [PMID: 35948948 PMCID: PMC9367023 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05738-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a condition in which mobility decreases, and it is known as a risk factor for elderly persons needing care in connection with sarcopenia and frailty. Prevention or delay of the onset of these diseases is important for preventing the need for care, and identification of biomarkers as indicators for appropriate intervention is useful. The present study aimed to clarify whether the serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level, which has been reported to be related to sarcopenia and frailty, is related to LS. Methods The study participants were 133 elderly people living in a rural area in Japan. LS was assessed using Locomo-25, which is a self-administered questionnaire, and LS was defined as a Locomo-25 score ≥ 7 points. Serum IGF-1 and albumin levels were measured. A self-completed medical history questionnaire was used. Results On multiple linear regression analysis, age, IGF-1, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis were significantly associated with the Locomo-25 score. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis of the IGF-1 level showed a threshold value of 82.0 ng/mL for discriminating non-LS and LS. The logistic regression analysis adjusted for osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and the propensity score estimated from sex, age, and BMI showed that the odds ratio (OR) of the IGF-1 level for LS was 1.019 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002–1.039; p = 0.027), and the OR of IGF-1 ≤ 82 ng/mL for LS was 2.275 (95% CI 0.993–5.324; p = 0.052). Conclusions The present findings suggest that osteoporosis and osteoarthritis were associated with early LS, and a decrease of the serum IGF-1 level was a significant independent factor for early LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Nakamura
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan. .,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Imaoka
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nakao
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Hida
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan
| | - Fumie Tazaki
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan
| | - Ryota Imai
- Cognitive Reserve Research Center, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, Mizuma, 1558, Kaizuka City, Osaka, 597-0104, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashizume
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.,School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University, Mikazura 580, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 640-0011, Japan
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11
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Castro JBD, Lima VP, Mello DBD, Lopes GC, Peixoto JC, Santos AOD, Nunes RAD, Souza Vale RGD. Effects of Pilates with and without elastic resistance on health variables in postmenopausal women with low back pain. Pain Manag 2022; 12:509-520. [PMID: 35152706 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the effects of Pilates with and without accessories on biochemical markers, pain intensity, functional disability and muscle strength in postmenopausal women with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Materials & methods: Twenty-two participants were randomized to a group of Pilates without (PG; n = 11) and with elastic resistance (PAG; n = 11) for 8 weeks, twice a week. We analyzed IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cortisol, creatine kinase, pain intensity, functional disability, abdominal and back strengths. Results: Both groups had lower pain intensity and functional disability and increased lumbar strength postinterventions. PAG exhibited an increase in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and reduction in creatine kinase compared with PG. Conclusion: Both interventions were effective in the treatment of low back pain. However, PAG presented better responses than PG. Clinical Trial Registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: ReBEC (RBR-9jwcykc), www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9jwcykc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Bp de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise & Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise & Sport (LABEES), Institute of Physical Education & Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vicente P Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise & Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise & Sport (LABEES), Institute of Physical Education & Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Research Group of Performance, Biodynamics, Exercise & Health (BIODESA), Castelo Branco University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielli B de Mello
- Physical Education College of Brazilian Army (EsEFEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise & Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise & Sport (LABEES), Institute of Physical Education & Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Ob Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise & Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise & Sport (LABEES), Institute of Physical Education & Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Research Group of Performance, Biodynamics, Exercise & Health (BIODESA), Castelo Branco University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Am de Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise & Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise & Sport (LABEES), Institute of Physical Education & Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G de Souza Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise & Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise & Sport (LABEES), Institute of Physical Education & Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Estácio de Sá University, Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Bahat Z, Bahat G. Commentary: Association of Sarcopenia with Toxicity and Survival in Postoperative Recurrent Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 11:806858. [PMID: 35071011 PMCID: PMC8766294 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.806858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zumrut Bahat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Bahat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Angiotensin II inhibition: a potential treatment to slow the progression of sarcopenia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2503-2520. [PMID: 34751393 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. The etiology of sarcopenia has been postulated to be multifactorial with genetics, aging, immobility, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, stress, and endocrine factors all contributing to the imbalance of muscle anabolism and catabolism. The prevalence of sarcopenia is estimated to range from 13 to 24% in adults over 60 years of age and up to 50% in persons aged 80 and older. As the population continues to age, the prevalence of sarcopenia continues to increase and is expected to affect 500 million people by the year 2050. Sarcopenia impacts the overall health of patients through limitations in functional status, increase in hospital readmissions, poorer hospital outcomes, and increase in overall mortality. Thus, there exists a need to prevent or reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms and current studies regarding angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on reducing the development of sarcopenia through the associated changes in cardiovascular function, renal function, muscle fiber composition, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic efficiency, and mitochondrial function.
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14
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Effects of Milk or Soy Milk Combined with Mild Resistance Exercise on the Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in Very Old Nursing Home Residents with Sarcopenia. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112581. [PMID: 34828861 PMCID: PMC8623877 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Sarcopenia is recognized as a major public health issue, because it is prevalent in the elderly, especially those who live in long-term care facilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of milk or soy milk combined with resistance exercise on the muscle mass and muscle strength of individual elderly nursing home residents with sarcopenia. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial (clincaltrials.gov as NCT05035121) that recruited very old (>75 years) subjects with sarcopenia in a nursing home (Su-Ao and Yuanshan Branches, Taipei Veterans General Hospital) from June to December 2017. Thirty-five elderly (84.9 ± 6.1 years old) subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: control (n = 12), milk supplemented (n = 12), and soy milk supplemented (n = 11). All participants joined a mild resistance exercise training program three times a week (30 min/time). Moreover, elderly subjects in the milk and soy milk groups drank 200 mL of milk or soy milk for breakfast and as a snack after exercise. Results: After 12 weeks, compared to the baseline, calf circumferences had significantly increased in the control and soy milk groups (p = 0.0362 and p = 0.0197, respectively). Hand grip strength had significantly improved in the milk and soy milk groups (p = 0.0407 and p = 0.0096, respectively). In addition, there was no difference among the three groups. Conclusions: Mild resistance exercise combined with milk or soy milk improved the calf circumference and hand grip strength in very old nursing home residents with sarcopenia.
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15
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Perry CA, Van Guilder GP, Hossain M, Kauffman A. Cardiometabolic Changes in Response to a Calorie-Restricted DASH Diet in Obese Older Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:647847. [PMID: 33816541 PMCID: PMC8017169 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.647847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the response of a calorie-restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet on indicators of cardiometabolic health in a cohort of sedentary obese older adults. Design: This was a controlled-feeding trial with a parallel design. Each participant consumed either 3 oz (85 g; n = 15) or 6 oz (170.1 g; n = 13) of lean fresh beef within a standardized calorie-restricted DASH-like diet for 12-weeks. Fasted blood samples were collected and used to measure conventional biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory health. Participants: Caucasian older (70.8 years), obese (BMI: 32 ± 6.9 kg/m2; WC: 101 ± 16.4 cm) females (n = 17) and males (n = 11) from the rural community of Brookings, South Dakota. Results: 28 participants completed the 12-week feeding trial, with no differences (p > 0.05) among the biomarkers of cardiometabolic health between the 3 and 6 oz beef intake groups. However, when the beef intake groups were combined, all biomarkers changed concentration in response to the intervention diet. Total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-C (p = 0.004), HDL-C (p < 0.0001), insulin (p = 0.014), glucose (p = 0.008), HOMA-IR (p < 0.05), IL-12 (p < 0.001), and CRP (p = 0.006) all decreased in response to the study diet. IGF-1 (p < 0.001) and IL-8 (p = 0.005) increased in response to the intervention. Correlations among cardiometabolic biomarkers and body composition measures were observed. By study end, the decrease in insulin (R 2 = 0.22; P = 0.012) and HOMA-IR (R 2 = 0.22; P = 0.01) was positively correlated with the decrease in waist circumference. The increase in IGF-1 was significantly correlated with the decrease in waist circumference (R 2 = 0.21; p = 0.014). The increase in IGF-1 was significantly correlated with the increase in sit-to-stand (R 2 = 0.21; p = 0.016). The increase in IL-8 was significantly correlated with decreases in total cholesterol (R 2 = 0.24; P = 0.008), LDL-C (R 2 = 0.17; P = 0.031) and glucose (R 2 = 0.44; P = 0.0001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a DASH-like diet with restricted calories may potentially improve biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in sedentary obese older adults. These results also point to interrelationships between body composition changes and changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers. Lastly, regardless of meat intake amount, positive impacts on cardiometabolic biomarkers were observed in this cohort of older adults with an obese phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydne A Perry
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Gary P Van Guilder
- High Altitude Exercise Physiology Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, United States
| | - Mosharraf Hossain
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Alyssa Kauffman
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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16
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Li TC, Wu CW, Li CI, Wu FY, Liao LN, Liu CS, Lin CH, Wang MC, Yang CW, Lin CC. Interactions among IGF-1, AKT2, FOXO1, and FOXO3 variations and between genes and physical activities on physical performance in community-dwelling elders. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239530. [PMID: 32986769 PMCID: PMC7521683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the interactions among IGF-1, AKT2, FOXO1, and FOXO3 variations and the interactions of gene and physical activity on handgrip strength, arm muscle mass-adjusted handgrip (armGrip), gait speed (GS), timed up and go (TUG), and leg press strength (LPS). Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) containing three IGF-1 SNPs (rs6214, rs5742692, and rs35767), two AKT2 SNPs (rs892119 and rs35817154), two FOXO1 SNPs (rs17446593 and rs10507486), and two FOXO3 SNPs (rs9480865 and rs2153960) were genotyped in 472 unrelated elders with a mean age of 73.8 years. We observed significant interactions of IGF-1 SNP rs6214 and rs35767 with regular physical activity on TUG and GS; and AKT2 SNP rs892119 and FOXO3 SNP rs9480865 with regular physical activity on armGrip. Genotype GG of IGF-1 rs6214 and rs35767 in individuals without regular physical activity had poor performance in TUG and GS, as well as GG of AKT2 rs892119 decreased armGrip in individuals without regular physical activity. After FDR adjustment, no significant gene-gene interactions were found. A sedentary lifestyle may increase the risk of impairing physical performance and regular physical activity is a remedy for sarcopenia, even a little regular physical activity can overcome carrying some risk alleles in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chung Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yang Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Na Liao
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Cyun Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Body Mass Index and risk of frailty in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Ma L, Chan P. Understanding the Physiological Links Between Physical Frailty and Cognitive Decline. Aging Dis 2020; 11:405-418. [PMID: 32257550 PMCID: PMC7069469 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in both physical and cognitive function are associated with increasing age. Understanding the physiological link between physical frailty and cognitive decline may allow us to develop interventions that prevent and treat both conditions. Although there is significant epidemiological evidence linking physical frailty to cognitive decline, a complete understanding of the underpinning biological basis of the two disorders remains fragmented. This narrative review discusses insights into the potential roles of chronic inflammation, impaired hypothalamic-pituitary axis stress response, imbalanced energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine dysfunction linking physical frailty with cognitive decline. We highlight the importance of easier identification of strategic approaches delaying the progression and onset of physical frailty and cognitive decline as well as preventing disability in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China.,2China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China.,2China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Beijing, China.,3Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,4Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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19
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Alalwan TA. Phenotypes of Sarcopenic Obesity: Exploring the Effects on Peri-Muscular Fat, the Obesity Paradox, Hormone-Related Responses and the Clinical Implications. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5010008. [PMID: 32075166 PMCID: PMC7151126 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity combines the words sarcopenia and obesity. This definition of obesity should be better differentiated between visceral and subcutaneous fat phenotypes. For this reason, this review lays the foundation for defining the subcutaneous and the visceral fat into the context of sarcopenia. Thus, the review aims to explore the missing links on pathogenesis of visceral fat and its relationship on age: defining the peri-muscular fat as a new entity and the subcutaneous fat as a first factor that leads to the obesity paradox. Last but not least, this review underlines and motivates the mechanisms of the hormonal responses and anti-inflammatory adipokines responsible for the clinical implications of sarcopenic visceral obesity, describing factor by factor the multiple axis between the visceral fat-sarcopenia and all mortality outcomes linked to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, polycystic ovary, disability and postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
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20
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Interaction of recommended levels of physical activity and protein intake is associated with greater physical function and lower fat mass in older women: Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor- (OSTPRE) and Fracture-Prevention Study. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:826-839. [PMID: 31910914 PMCID: PMC7054249 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the interaction of physical activity (PA) and protein intake is associated with physical function (PF). The women from the Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Fracture Prevention Study (n 610) completed a questionnaire on lifestyle factors and PA and underwent PF and body composition measurements at baseline (BL) and over 3 years of follow-up (3y-FU). PA was categorised according to WHO cut-off PA = 0, 0 < PA < 2·5 and PA ≥ 2·5 h/week. Protein intake was calculated from the 3-d food record at baseline and categorised according to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations <1·1 and ≥1·1 g/kg body weight (BW). The results showed in univariate ANOVA at the baseline and at the 3-year follow-up, women with high PA ≥ 2·5 h/week and protein intake ≥ 1·1 g/kg BW had higher grip strength adjusted for BMI, higher mean number of chair rises, faster mean walking speed, higher modified mean short physical performance battery score and lower mean fat mass compared with other interaction groups. High PA and protein intake were associated with lower BMI despite significantly higher energy intake. In conclusion, higher PA and protein intake interaction was associated with greater PF and lower fat mass, but the association with relative skeletal muscle index and muscle mass was inconclusive. The present study gives noteworthy information for preventing sarcopenia.
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21
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Praksch D, Sandor B, Kovacs D, Petrovics P, Kovacs K, Toth K, Szabados E. Impact of home- and center- based physical training program on cardio-metabolic health and IGF-1 level in elderly women. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2019; 16:13. [PMID: 31417661 PMCID: PMC6688290 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data in the literature concerning the effects of physical activity on lipid and IGF-1levels are controversial in postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to determine the combined effects of a 12 weeks home-based walking program aiming to achieve 10,000 steps daily and a center- based aerobic exercise training on functional capacity, some important cardio-metabolic parameters, IGF-1 level and psychological items among elderly female patients. Sixty female patients (67.4 ± 5 years) with moderate to high cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned either to an exercise training program for 12 weeks or to the control group. Results Our organized training program resulted in a significantly improved daily physical activity (4232 [IQR: 3162–7219] to 8455 [IQR: 6757–11,488]; p < 0.001 ft-steps), functional capacity (MET) (8.17 ± 1.57 to 8.87 ± 1.76) (p = 0.002), metabolic status including total cholesterol (5.17 ± 1.13 to 4.77 ± 1.12 mmol/l), LDL cholesterol (3.37 ± 1.05 to 2.81 ± 0.98 mmol/l), triglyceride (1.68 ± 0.71 to 1.28 ± 0.71 mmol/l) and HgbA1c (6.24 ± 0.67 to 6.06 ± 0.58 mmol/l), as well as IGF-1 (59.68 ± 27.37 to 66.79 ± 22.74 ng/ml) levels (p < 0.05) in the training group. From psychological tests only physical functionality improved significantly (p = 0.03) in the training group. The training group significantly differed from the control group in four parameters including MET (p = 0.003), LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.046), triglyceride (p = 0.001) and IGF-1 levels (p < 0.001) after the intervention. Conclusion The applied home-, and- center based training program effectively increased the daily physical activity of the elderly female patients and improved several cardio-metabolic parameters. Further investigations are needed on larger patient population to establish our findings and examine how these positive changes may decrease CV events and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Praksch
- 1First Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Sandor
- 1First Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - David Kovacs
- 1First Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Peter Petrovics
- 2First Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, University of Pécs, Medical School, Rákóczi Street 2, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovacs
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1First Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabados
- 2First Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, University of Pécs, Medical School, Rákóczi Street 2, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
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22
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Carbone S, Billingsley HE, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Kirkman DL, Garten R, Franco RL, Lee DC, Lavie CJ. Lean Mass Abnormalities in Heart Failure: The Role of Sarcopenia, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Cachexia. Curr Probl Cardiol 2019; 45:100417. [PMID: 31036371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of body composition in patients with heart failure (HF) has been receiving much attention in the last few years. Particularly, reduced lean mass (LM), the best surrogate for skeletal muscle mass, is independently associated with abnormal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength, ultimately leading to reduced quality of life and worse prognosis. While in the past, reduced CRF in patients with HF was thought to result exclusively from cardiac dysfunction leading to reduced cardiac output at peak exercise, current evidence supports the concept that abnormalities in LM may also play a critical role. Abnormalities in the LM body composition compartment are associated with the development of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and cachexia. Such conditions have been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of HF. However, identification of such conditions remains challenging, as universal definitions for sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and cachexia are lacking. In this review article, we describe the most common body composition abnormalities related to the LM compartment, including skeletal and respiratory muscle mass abnormalities, and the consequences of such anomalies on CRF and muscle strength in patients with HF. Finally, we discuss the potential nonpharmacologic therapeutic strategies such as exercise training (ie, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise) and dietary interventions (ie, dietary supplementation and dietary patterns) that have been implemented to target body composition, with a focus on HF.
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23
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Rubio-Ruiz ME, Guarner-Lans V, Pérez-Torres I, Soto ME. Mechanisms Underlying Metabolic Syndrome-Related Sarcopenia and Possible Therapeutic Measures. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030647. [PMID: 30717377 PMCID: PMC6387003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are several reviews that report the interrelationship between sarcopenia and obesity and insulin resistance, the relation between sarcopenia and the other signs that compose the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been extensively revised. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying MetS-related sarcopenia and discuss the possible therapeutic measures proposed. A vicious cycle between the loss of muscle and the accumulation of intramuscular fat might be associated with MetS via a complex interplay of factors including nutritional intake, physical activity, body fat, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hormonal changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The enormous differences in lipid storage capacities between the two genders and elevated amounts of endogenous fat having lipotoxic effects that lead to the loss of muscle mass are discussed. The important repercussions of MetS-related sarcopenia on other illnesses that lead to increased disability, morbidity, and mortality are also addressed. Additional research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of MetS-related sarcopenia and its consequences. Although there is currently no consensus on the treatment, lifestyle changes including diet and power exercise seem to be the best options.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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24
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Poggiogalle E, Cherry KE, Su LJ, Kim S, Myers L, Welsh DA, Jazwinski SM, Ravussin E. Body Composition, IGF1 Status, and Physical Functionality in Nonagenarians: Implications for Osteosarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:70-75.e2. [PMID: 30149984 PMCID: PMC7001873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Body composition alterations occur during aging. The purpose of the present analysis was to explore the functional consequences of the overlap of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, and the potential role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in their development in the oldest old. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Eighty-seven nonagenarians from the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study were included. MEASURES The definition of sarcopenia was based on appendicular lean mass (ALM). Osteoporosis was diagnosed based on bone mineral density (BMD) T score. Four phenotypes were compared: (1) healthy body composition, that is, nonosteoporotic nonsarcopenic (CO, control group), (2) osteoporotic (O, low BMD T score), (3) sarcopenic (S, low ALM), and (4) osteosarcopenic (OS, low BMD T score and low ALM). Sex- and age-specific IGF1-Standard Deviation Scores (SDS) were calculated. The Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance (CS-PFP) test was performed. RESULTS In OS men, IGF1-SDS values (-0.61 ±0.37 vs -0.04 ± 0.52, P = .02) were lower than those in CO males (control group), whereas IGF1-SDS were similar in the 4 body composition phenotypes in women. In men only, ALM was positively associated with IGF1-SDS values (P = .01) independent of age and C-reactive protein concentration. Regarding bone health, we found no association between IGF1-SDS values and BMD. IGF1-SDS was not associated with functional performance (CS-PFP) in men and women. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS IGF1 sensitivity in skeletal muscle and bone may differ by sex in the oldest old. IGF1 status did not appear to affect physical functionality. Determinants and clinical and functional characteristics of osteosarcopenia need to be further investigated in order to define conclusive diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; Department of Experimental Medicine- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Katie E Cherry
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - L Joseph Su
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Sangkyu Kim
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Leann Myers
- Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Richards SJG, Frizelle FA, Geddes JA, Eglinton TW, Hampton MB. Frailty in surgical patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33:1657-1666. [PMID: 30218144 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-3163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the current definitions, aetiology, assessment tools and clinical implications of frailty in modern surgical practice. BACKGROUND Frailty is a critical issue in modern surgical practice due to its association with adverse health events and poor post-operative outcomes. The global population is rapidly ageing resulting in more older patients presenting for surgery. With this, the number of frail patients presenting for surgery is also increasing. Despite the identification of frailty as a significant predictor of poor health outcomes, there is currently no consensus on how to define, measure and diagnose this important syndrome. METHODS Relevant references were identified through keyword searches of the Cochran, MEDLINE and EMbase databases. RESULTS Despite the lack of a gold standard operational definition, frailty can be conceptualised as a state of increased vulnerability resulting from a decline in physiological reserve and function across multiple organ systems, such that the ability to withstand stressors is impaired. Multiple studies have shown a strong association between frailty and adverse peri-operative outcomes. Frailty may be assessed using multiple tools; however, the ideal tool for use in a clinical setting has yet to be identified. Despite the association between frailty and adverse outcomes, few interventions have been shown to improve outcomes in these patients. CONCLUSION Frailty encompasses a group of individuals at high risk of adverse post-operative outcomes. Further work exploring ways to optimally assess and target interventions towards these patients should be the focus of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J G Richards
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. .,Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Riccarton Ave, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Frank A Frizelle
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Riccarton Ave, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Tim W Eglinton
- University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Riccarton Ave, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ma L, Sha G, Zhang Y, Li Y. Elevated serum IL-6 and adiponectin levels are associated with frailty and physical function in Chinese older adults. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:2013-2020. [PMID: 30410318 PMCID: PMC6197209 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s180934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Frailty is associated with adverse health outcomes. Its biological markers are essential to enhance diagnostic ease and would contribute to surveillance of the condition. Considering the involvement of pro-inflammatory and nutritional states in frailty, we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory mediators and adipokines are associated with frailty and their relationship with physical function. Patients and methods We recruited 130 older adults (90 nonfrail participants and 40 frail participants, mean age: 72.80±8.61 years) who underwent a comprehensive medical history and frailty assessment. The biochemical indicators (eg, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], and hemoglobin [HGB]), insulin pathway (glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]), circulating inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and C-reactive protein), and adipokines (adiponectin, vaspin, and leptin) were compared between the two groups. We further analyzed their correlation with physical function. Results Frail older adults showed higher levels of BUN, IL-6, adiponectin, vaspin, and glucose and lower levels of IGF-1, HDL, and HGB compared with nonfrail participants. Serum IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with both grip strength (P=0.03) and gait speed (P=0.04). Levels of circulating adiponectin and leptin were adversely correlated with grip strength (P=0.01) and gait speed (P=0.03), respectively. After adjustment for age and sex, the only markers correlated with physical function were IL-6 (r=−0.180, P=0.044) and adiponectin (r=−0.195, P=0.029). Conclusion High levels of IL-6, adiponectin, vaspin, and glucose as well as low levels of IGF-1 were found in frail older adults. Furthermore, IL-6, adiponectin, and leptin levels were negatively correlated with physical function, suggesting that inflammatory mediators and adipokines are biomarkers for frailty and decreased function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, China,
| | - Guiming Sha
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, China,
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, China,
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, China,
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Handelsman DJ, Hirschberg AL, Bermon S. Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:803-829. [PMID: 30010735 PMCID: PMC6391653 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elite athletic competitions have separate male and female events due to men's physical advantages in strength, speed, and endurance so that a protected female category with objective entry criteria is required. Prior to puberty, there is no sex difference in circulating testosterone concentrations or athletic performance, but from puberty onward a clear sex difference in athletic performance emerges as circulating testosterone concentrations rise in men because testes produce 30 times more testosterone than before puberty with circulating testosterone exceeding 15-fold that of women at any age. There is a wide sex difference in circulating testosterone concentrations and a reproducible dose-response relationship between circulating testosterone and muscle mass and strength as well as circulating hemoglobin in both men and women. These dichotomies largely account for the sex differences in muscle mass and strength and circulating hemoglobin levels that result in at least an 8% to 12% ergogenic advantage in men. Suppression of elevated circulating testosterone of hyperandrogenic athletes results in negative effects on performance, which are reversed when suppression ceases. Based on the nonoverlapping, bimodal distribution of circulating testosterone concentration (measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry)-and making an allowance for women with mild hyperandrogenism, notably women with polycystic ovary syndrome (who are overrepresented in elite athletics)-the appropriate eligibility criterion for female athletic events should be a circulating testosterone of <5.0 nmol/L. This would include all women other than those with untreated hyperandrogenic disorders of sexual development and noncompliant male-to-female transgender as well as testosterone-treated female-to-male transgender or androgen dopers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angelica L Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephane Bermon
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Education, Sport, Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Health and Science Department, International Association of Athletics Federations, Monaco
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28
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Muscle profile and cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1861-1866. [PMID: 30084072 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disease is one of the main contributing factors affecting muscle atrophy. However, this intriguing brain-muscle axis has been explained by the unsubstantial mechanisms. Although there have been several studies that have evaluated the muscle profile and its relation to cognition in patients with dementia, there is still lack of data using standardized methods and only few published studies on Korean populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship of muscle mass and strength to cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD). METHODS We recruited 91 patients with probable AD without weakness. We assessed patients' basic demographic characteristics, vascular risk, body mass index, and global cognitive assessment scores. Muscle mass was measured using body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was assessed by isokinetic knee extensor using an isokinetic device at an angular velocity of 60°/s in nm/kg. RESULTS The muscle mass and strength were not related to each other in both male and female groups. Only muscle strength, but not muscle mass, was negatively related to cognition. After adjusting for covariates, the relationship between muscle strength and cognition still remained in the male group, however, was attenuated in the female group. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AD dementia, abundant muscle mass did not mean strong power. The simple lower-extremity muscle strength assessment is more effective in predicting cognition than a muscle mass measure in male patients.
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van Nieuwpoort IC, Vlot MC, Schaap LA, Lips P, Drent ML. The relationship between serum IGF-1, handgrip strength, physical performance and falls in elderly men and women. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:73-84. [PMID: 29789408 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human aging is accompanied by a decrease in growth hormone secretion and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels. Also, loss of muscle mass and strength and impairment of physical performance, ending in a state of frailty, are seen in elderly. We aimed to investigate whether handgrip strength, physical performance and recurrent falls are related to serum IGF-1 levels in community-dwelling elderly. DESIGN Observational cohort study (cross-sectional and prospective). METHODS We studied the association between IGF-1 and handgrip strength, physical performance and falls in participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. A total of 1292 participants were included (633 men, 659 women). Serum IGF-1 levels were divided into quartiles (IGF-1-Q1 to IGF-1-Q4). Data on falls were collected prospectively for a period of 3 years. All analyses were stratified for age and physical activity and adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS Men with a low physical activity score in IGF-1-Q1 and IGF-1-Q2 of the younger age group had a lower handgrip strength compared to IGF-1-Q4. In younger more active males in IGF-1-Q2 physical performance was worse. Recurrent fallers were less prevalent in older, low active males with low IGF-1 levels. In females, recurrent fallers were more prevalent in older, more active females in IGF-1-Q2. IGF-1 quartile may predict changes in handgrip strength and physical performance in men and women. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that lower IGF-1 levels are associated with lower handgrip strength and worse physical performance, but less recurrent fallers especially in men. Associations were often more robust in IGF-1-Q2. Future studies on this topic are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C van Nieuwpoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C Vlot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L A Schaap
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO Institute), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M L Drent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chen LY, Wu YH, Liu LK, Lee WJ, Hwang AC, Peng LN, Lin MH, Chen LK. Association Among Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Frailty, Muscle Mass, Bone Mineral Density, and Physical Performance Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Taiwan. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:270-277. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Chen
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Wu
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuo Liu
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, Yilan City, Taiwan
| | - An-Chun Hwang
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ning Peng
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bielecka-Dabrowa A, Fabis J, Mikhailidis DP, von Haehling S, Sahebkar A, Rysz J, Banach M. Prosarcopenic Effects of Statins May Limit Their Effectiveness in Patients with Heart Failure. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:331-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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A Boolean network of the crosstalk between IGF and Wnt signaling in aging satellite cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195126. [PMID: 29596489 PMCID: PMC5875862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process, which determines the life span of an organism. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt signaling pathways govern the process of aging. Both pathways share common downstream targets that allow competitive crosstalk between these branches. Of note, a shift from IGF to Wnt signaling has been observed during aging of satellite cells. Biological regulatory networks necessary to recreate aging have not yet been discovered. Here, we established a mathematical in silico model that robustly recapitulates the crosstalk between IGF and Wnt signaling. Strikingly, it predicts critical nodes following a shift from IGF to Wnt signaling. These findings indicate that this shift might cause age-related diseases.
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Doi T, Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Makino K, Suzuki T, Shimada H. Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Frailty among Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:68-72. [PMID: 29300424 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty is a course experienced in advanced aging. Identification of a biological factor associated with frailty is required. Although serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a potential factor related with frailty, consensus has not been reached regarding this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the association between IGF-1 and frailty in older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Cohort study that was part of the "National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromes." PARTICIPANTS The study participants were 4133 older adults (mean age, 71.8 ± 5.4 years). MEASUREMENTS We assessed serum IGF-1 levels and frailty status and collected demographic variables, including cognitive function, as covariates. RESULTS Frailty and pre-frailty were present in 274 subjects (7%) and 1930 subjects (47%), respectively. Subjects were divided into four groups based on quartiles of IGF-1 levels. Multinomial logistic analysis showed that the lowest group had significant odds of pre-frailty (crude model: odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-1.90, p < .001; adjusted model: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13-1.68, p = .002) and frailty (crude model: OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.38-4.92, p < .001; adjusted model: OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.02-2.32, p = .039), compared with the highest group. CONCLUSION Lower serum IGF-1 levels were independently related with frailty in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Doi
- Takehiko Doi, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan, Tel.: +81-562-44-5651, Fax: +81-562-46-8294, E-mail:
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Zhou X, Xing B, He G, Lyu X, Zeng Y. The Effects of Electrical Acupuncture and Essential Amino Acid Supplementation on Sarcopenic Obesity in Male Older Adults: A Randomized Control Study. Obes Facts 2018; 11:327-334. [PMID: 30089292 PMCID: PMC6189537 DOI: 10.1159/000491797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging which is accompanied by loss of skeletal muscle and increase of body fat in some adults older than 60 years does not only result in remarkable influences on daily life function but also increases the risk of cardiovascular events. This study used electrical acupuncture together with essential amino acid supplementation to treat sarcopenic obesity (SO) in male older adults. METHODS A total of 48 male participants with SO (>60 years old) were randomized to electrical acupuncture with oral essential amino acids (EA + AA) or oral essential amino acids alone (AA). Acupuncture points on the limbs were punctured and stimulated electrically once every 3 days for 12 weeks. All participants received essential amino acids orally, twice per day for 28 weeks. Body fat percentage (BFP) and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASM/H2) was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS Both groups exhibited significant changes in BFP after 12, 20, and 28 weeks compared with baseline values; for ASM/H2, there were significant differences to baseline values after 12, 20, and 28 weeks in the EA + AA group, but only after 28 weeks in the AA group. Between the two groups, there were significant differences in BFP after 12, 20, and 28 weeks, and in ASM/H2 after 20 and 28 weeks. CONCLUSION Both methods decrease BFP and increase ASM/H2. In male older adults, electrical acupuncture with oral essential amino acids is more effective and can increase muscle mass in a shorter time than oral essential amino acids alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Xin Zhou, Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, ZhongShan 2 Road 58, 510080 Guangzhou, China,
| | - Bingfeng Xing
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanheng He
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou Lyu
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sbardelotto ML, Pedroso GS, Pereira FT, Soratto HR, Brescianini SM, Effting PS, Thirupathi A, Nesi RT, Silveira PC, Pinho RA. The Effects of Physical Training are Varied and Occur in an Exercise Type-Dependent Manner in Elderly Men. Aging Dis 2017; 8:887-898. [PMID: 29344422 PMCID: PMC5759381 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise can decrease the deleterious effects of aging and limit the development and progression of chronic disease in elderly people, depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of different physical training programs on oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory and neurotrophic mediators in the serum of elderly men. Healthy male volunteers [60 to 80 years; n=55] were divided into four groups: control [Ctr, n=14], aerobic training on dry land [ATdl, n=12]; and combined training on dry land [CTdl, n=12] or in water [CTw, n=17]. The training protocols were performed over 8 weeks, three times per week. Each 1 h session included 5 min warming-up exercise, 50 min specific training [aerobic, strength, or combined], and 5 min stretching. Blood samples were drawn 72 h before [baseline] the beginning of the 8 weeks’ protocol and 48 h after the last training session, processed, and the serum was aliquoted and stored at -70 °C until biochemical assessment of oxidative damage, antioxidant system and neurotrophic, growth and inflammatory factors. Elevated BDNF or IGF-1 levels were observed in the ATdl or CTdl groups, respectively. Overall oxidative stress parameters were improved including reduced lipid oxidative damage and increased thioredoxin reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total glutathione. Significant decreases in the inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 were observed; IL-6 was more susceptible to the effects of type of physical training. Thus, the effects of training in elderly men vary in an exercise type-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari L Sbardelotto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giulia S Pedroso
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda T Pereira
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helen R Soratto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Stella Ms Brescianini
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pauline S Effting
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cl Silveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Sun YS, Kao TW, Chang YW, Fang WH, Wang CC, Wu LW, Yang HF, Liaw FY, Chen WL. Calf Circumference as a Novel Tool for Risk of Disability of the Elderly Population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16359. [PMID: 29180622 PMCID: PMC5703943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disability became increasingly common with age, and crude rates of disability were rising around the globe. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between calf circumference (CC) and disability in the U.S. elderly population. From the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 4,245 participants with an age range of 60-84 years were included. Disability was defined as the total number of difficulties within the following 5 major domains of disability, such as activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL, general physical activities, lower extremity mobility, and leisure and social activities. The association between CC and disability was investigated through the regression model adjusted for multiple covariates. According to the fully adjusted model regarding disability, the β coefficients for each quartile of increasing CC were -0.041 for quartile 2 (P = 0.096), -0.060 for quartile 3 (P = 0.027), and -0.073 for quartile 4 (P = 0.026) respectively, compared with lowest quartile. There was a negative association between CC and disability among the elderly population. Calf circumference may be a novel risk assessment for disability of elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Sun
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fang Yang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Erlandson KM, Fiorillo SP, Cardoso SW, Riviere C, Sanchez J, Hakim J, Kumarasamy N, Badal-Faesen S, Lalloo U, Kumwenda J, Campbell TB, Brown TT. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Is Associated with Changes in Body Composition with Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:929-934. [PMID: 28403619 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 axis abnormalities have been associated with body composition changes among HIV-infected persons with wasting or lipodystrophy. Little is known of GH/IGF-1 axis alterations with antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation or differing ART therapies. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS) study was a prospective, randomized clinical trial of ART initiation with emtricitabine/tenofovir + efavirenz (FTC/TDF+EFV) versus lamivudine/zidovudine + efavirenz (3TC/ZDV+EFV) in HIV-1-infected individuals from resource-diverse settings. IGF-1 was measured from baseline, week 48, and week 96 stored serum samples. Multivariate models were constructed. 415 participants were included: 170 (41%) were randomized to FTC/TDF+EFV and 245 (59%) to 3TC/ZDV+EFV. The mean age was 35 years, 60% were black, 42% women. The mean IGF-1 level did not change significantly from baseline to week 96 (-0.65 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.18-3.87), p = .78 and there were no differences by treatment arm at week 96, p = .74. Lower baseline IGF-1 was associated with age, non-white race, greater waist-hip ratio (WHR), low CD4 count, and lower baseline albumin (all p < .01) but not plasma HIV-1 RNA, body mass index, or treatment arm. Greater change in IGF-1 from baseline to 96 weeks was associated with female sex, smaller WHR change, lower baseline albumin, and higher baseline HIV-1 RNA (all p < .01). ART initiation with either ZDV or TDF did not significantly impact overall IGF-1 levels. Baseline and on-treatment changes in IGF-1 with ART initiation may be related to the body composition changes that occur after ART initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Sanchez
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James Hakim
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Sharlaa Badal-Faesen
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Umesh Lalloo
- Durban International Clinical Research Site, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Todd T. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Vale RGDS, Ferrão MLD, Nunes RDAM, Silva JBD, Nodari Júnior RJ, Dantas EHM. MUSCLE STRENGTH, GH AND IGF-1 IN OLDER WOMEN SUBMITTED TO LAND AND AQUATIC RESISTANCE TRAINING. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172304163788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Aging leads to decline in multiple organ systems associated to hormone alterations and loss of muscle mass and strength. Objective: To evaluate the effects of land and water resistance training on muscle strength, basal serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in elderly women. Methods: Subjects were distributed in three groups: land resistance training (LRT; n=10; age: 66.10±2.77 years), water resistance training (WRT; n=10; age: 67.10±3.54 years) and control (CG; n=10; age: 68.80±5.41 years). Muscle strength was assessed with the 1-RM test in bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) exercises. Serum levels of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 were analyzed by chemiluminescence. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed elevated muscle strength in the BP only in LRT (D%=60.2%; p=0.0001) when compared to the CG (D%=46.73%, p=0.0001) and WRT (D%=32.49%, p=0.004). LRT and WRT increased muscle strength in LP (D%LRT=57.14%; p=0.004; D%WRT=42.3%; p=0.033). There was an increase in LRT and WRT in the LP when compared to CG (D%=45.59%, p=0.019; D%=43.97%, p=0.026, respectively). IGF-1 was elevated only in LRT (D%=49.72%, p=0.004) from pre- to post-test and when compared to WRT (D%=56.76%, p=0.002) and CG (D%=74.63%, p=0.0001). IGFBP3 levels showed that only WRT increased (D%=26.79%, p=0.044) from pre- to post-test. The IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio demonstrated that LRT reached intragroup elevation (D%=52.66%, p=0.002) and when compared to WRT (D%=94.11%, p=0.0001) and CG (D%=73.45%, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in GH. Conclusion: Land resistance training may provide better anabolic effects in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Brazil; Universidade Estácio de Sá, Brazil
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Chen HT, Chung YC, Chen YJ, Ho SY, Wu HJ. Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and IGF-1 in the Elderly with Sarcopenic Obesity. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:827-832. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ting Chen
- Physical Education Office; Ming Chuan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chung
- Center for General Education; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology; MacKay Memorial Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science; Chinese Culture University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Huey-June Wu
- Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science; Chinese Culture University; Taipei Taiwan
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Tanaka KI, Kanazawa I, Kaji H, Sugimoto T. Association of osteoglycin and FAM5C with bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bone 2017; 95:5-10. [PMID: 27836731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests a reciprocal relationship between muscle and bone. Previous in vitro studies showed that the muscle-derived factors, osteoglycin (OGN) and family with sequence similarity 5, member C (FAM5C), regulate osteoblastic differentiation. However, there are no reports investigating the association between circulating OGN and FAM5C and bone metabolism in humans. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study and investigated the association of serum OGN and FAM5C levels and muscle mass examined by whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, and the presence of vertebral fractures (VFs) in 156 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESULTS Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, serum creatinine, and log(hemoglobin A1c) showed that log(OGN) was negatively associated with BMD at the femoral neck (β=-0.17, p=0.014). Serum OGN levels were higher in subjects with VFs than in those without VFs [mean±standard deviation (SD): 100.2±84.7 vs. 74.4±31.7pg/mL, p=0.013]. Moreover, logistic regression analysis adjusted for the confounding factors described above showed that the serum OGN level was positively associated with the presence of VFs (odds ratio=1.84, 95% confidence interval=1.03-3.29 per SD increase, p=0.039). In contrast, neither the serum FAM5C level nor muscle mass indices were associated with bone turnover markers and the presence of VFs. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed for the first time that higher serum OGN levels were associated with decreased BMD and increased risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Ippei Kanazawa
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Toshitsugu Sugimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
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Extermann M, Leeuwenburgh C, Samiian L, Sehovic M, Xu J, Cubitt C, Jacobsen PB, Pahor M, Grobmyer SR, Manini TM. Impact of chemotherapy on medium-term physical function and activity of older breast cancer survivors, and associated biomarkers. J Geriatr Oncol 2017; 8:69-75. [PMID: 27743848 PMCID: PMC5299045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemotherapy is less often prescribed in older individuals due to concerns about post-treatment morbidity and quality of life. We evaluated the physical performance of breast cancer survivors treated with and without adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study in 56 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer survivors (BCS) on adjuvant aromatase inhibitors 1-2years after definitive surgery. Cases had received adjuvant chemotherapy (n=27; age 70.5±3.6years) versus age-matched controls who had not (n=29; age 70.0±4.3years). Measures of grip strength, physical activity and performance, walking speed, fatigue, and self-reported physical function were collected. Biological correlates of inflammation, frailty and markers of DNA and RNA oxidation were compared. RESULTS Grip strength (controls: 21±7.4 vs. CASES 29.7±5.0kg, p=0.20), physical activity (5403±3204 vs. 6801±9320steps/day, p=0.45), physical performance (short physical performance battery score: 10.1±1.8 vs. 10.4±1.1, p=0.52) and long-distance walking speed (1.2±0.21 vs. 1.3±0.41m/s, p=0.17) were similar between the two groups. Self-reported physical function was marginally lower in cases than controls (controls: 72±24 vs. CASES 57±34AU, p=0.07). Fatigue disruptiveness was not different between groups (controls: 11.1±13.0 vs. CASES 15.7±16.2AU, p=0.24). Similarly, the inflammation, oxidation, and frailty markers did not present a significant difference between groups, except for vitamin D levels (p=0.04). CONCLUSION Older women who received chemotherapy reported having slightly lower physical function, but a similar physical performance compared to women who did not. These data suggest that older BCS treated with chemotherapy recover to an extent similar to survivors who only received hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laila Samiian
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Marina Sehovic
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinze Xu
- Division of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Paul B Jacobsen
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marco Pahor
- Division of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Todd M Manini
- Division of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Wilson CL, Chemaitilly W, Jones KE, Kaste SC, Srivastava DK, Ojha RP, Yasui Y, Pui CH, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Ness KK. Modifiable Factors Associated With Aging Phenotypes Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2509-15. [PMID: 27001572 PMCID: PMC4962734 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.64.9525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for low bone mineral density (BMD) and frail health, outcomes potentially modifiable by altering health behaviors and/or treating endocrine abnormalities. We evaluated associations between lifestyle and hormonal deficits with risk of low BMD and frailty among survivors of ALL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants included 862 survivors of ALL (median age, 31.3 years [range, 18.4 to 59.7 years]) enrolled in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort study. Bone density was measured using quantitative computed tomography of L1 through L2 vertebrae; low BMD was defined as an age- and sex-standardized z score < -1. The presence of frailty or prefrailty was defined as having at least two of the following: low muscle mass, self-reported exhaustion, low energy expenditure, slow walking speed, and weakness. Hormonal deficiencies were determined according to medical history, medications, and laboratory findings (insulin-like growth factor 1, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, and activity levels) and deficiencies in growth hormone (GHD) and/or sex steroids with low BMD and frailty. RESULTS Thirty percent of survivors met criteria for low BMD, and 18.6% for frailty/prefrailty. After adjusting for body mass index, low BMD was associated with GHD (odds ratio [OR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.13) and current smoking (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.85) among men; and GHD (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.26 to 3.78) and moderate alcohol consumption (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.83) among women. After adjusting for current age, the odds of frailty/prefrailty were increased among men with GHD (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.56 to 5.67) and those who smoked (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.65 to 6.43); there were no significant associations among women. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that survivors of ALL should receive counseling regarding lifestyle and undergo screening for hormonal deficits to minimize the risk of low BMD and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L Wilson
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN.
| | - Wassim Chemaitilly
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Kendra E Jones
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Sue C Kaste
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Deo Kumar Srivastava
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Rohit P Ojha
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Carmen L. Wilson, Wassim Chemaitilly, Kendra E. Jones, Sue C. Kaste, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Rohit P. Ojha, Yutaka Yasui, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Melissa M. Hudson, and Kirsten K. Ness, St Jude Children's Research Hospital; Sue C. Kaste and Ching-Hon Pui, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
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Sarcopenic obesity and the pathogenesis of exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2016; 12:205-14. [PMID: 25750186 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-015-0257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common form of heart failure (HF) in older adults. The primary chronic symptom in patients with HFpEF, even when well compensated, is severe exercise intolerance. Cardiac and peripheral functions contribute equally to exercise intolerance in HFpEF, though the latter has been the focus of fewer studies. Of note, multiple studies with exercise training have shown that exercise intolerance can improve significantly in the absence of improvements in exercise cardiac output, indicating a role of peripheral, noncardiac adaptations. In addition, clinical drug trials performed to date in HFpEF, all of which have focused on influencing cardiovascular function, have not been positive on primary clinical outcomes and most have not improved exercise capacity. Mounting evidence indicates that sarcopenic obesity, characterized by the coexistence of excess fat mass and decreased muscle mass, could contribute to the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in older HFpEF patients and may provide avenues for novel treatments.
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Ikudome S, Mori S, Unenaka S, Kawanishi M, Kitamura T, Nakamoto H. Effect of Long-Term Body-Mass-Based Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function in Elderly People. J Appl Gerontol 2016; 36:1519-1533. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464815625834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined the effect of a body-mass-based home exercise program on cognitive functioning among 170 male and female elderly people (52-81 years). This program comprised five kinds of resistance exercises that elderly people can perform at home without supervision or specialized equipment using only their body mass for resistance. Various cognitive tasks were used to assess cognitive functioning, including a simple reaction task, Go/No-Go reaction task, Stroop task, serial subtraction task, and coincident timing task. These tasks were performed before and after a 3-month body-mass-based home exercise program. Although there were no significant improvements in the simple reaction and coincident timing tasks, significant improvement was shown in the Go/No-Go reaction task and serial subtraction task. This study shows that even simple resistance exercise, using only body mass for resistance, may be an effective method for preventing age-related cognitive decline of inhibitory control and working memory among elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Ikudome
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Mori
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Japan
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Wagner D, Büttner S, Kim Y, Gani F, Xu L, Margonis GA, Amini N, Kamel IR, Pawlik TM. Clinical and morphometric parameters of frailty for prediction of mortality following hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery in the elderly. Br J Surg 2015; 103:e83-92. [PMID: 26604018 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although frailty is a known determinant of poor postoperative outcomes, it can be difficult to identify in patients before surgery. The authors sought to develop a preoperative frailty risk model to predict mortality among patients aged 65 years or more. METHODS Clinical and morphometric data including total psoas area (TPA), total psoas volume (TPV) and psoas density (Hounsfield unit average calculation, HUAC) were collected for patients undergoing hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery between 2012 and 2014. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify preoperative risk factors associated with 1-year mortality. RESULTS The median age of the 518 patients included in the study was 72 (i.q.r. 68-76) years; 55·6 per cent of patients were men, and half of the cohort had multiple co-morbidities (Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI) of 4 or more, 55·6 per cent). TPA cut-offs to define sarcopenia were 552·7 mm(2) /m(2) in women and 702·9 mm(2) /m(2) in men; cut-offs for TPV were 18·2 cm(3) /m(2) in women and 26·2 cm(3) /m(2) in men, whereas HUAC cut-offs were 31·1 HU in women and 33·3 HU in men. The overall 1-year mortality rate was 14·1 per cent. In multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with 1-year mortality included CCI of 4 or above (hazard ratio (HR) 2·91, 95 per cent c.i. 1·47 to 5·77; P = 0·002), malignant disease (HR 3·94, 1·17 to 13·30; P = 0·027) and sarcopenia by HUAC (HR 1·85, 1·10 to 3·10; P = 0·021). A weighted 25-point composite score was developed to stratify patients at risk of 1-year postoperative mortality. The 1-year mortality rate was noted to be 2·5 per cent among patients scoring 0-10 (low risk), 17·3 per cent among patients scoring 11-20 (intermediate risk) and 29·2 per cent among those scoring between 21 and 25 (high risk) (P < 0·001). CONCLUSION Clinical and morphometric measures of frailty accurately predict the risk of 1-year mortality following HPB surgery in elderly patients, and can be used to risk-stratify patients appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Büttner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Gani
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Xu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - G A Margonis
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - N Amini
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - I R Kamel
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Tanaka KI, Kanazawa I, Sugimoto T. Reduction in Endogenous Insulin Secretion is a Risk Factor of Sarcopenia in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:385-90. [PMID: 25850525 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has recently attracted widespread attention, because it increases risks of fall and bedridden. Although patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known to have lower muscle mass of limbs than healthy people, the mechanism is still unclear. We thus examined the association of muscle mass with parameters of endogenous insulin secretion such as fasting immunoreactive insulin, fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR), and daily urine CPR in 191 men with T2DM. Muscle mass of arms and legs was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and we calculated relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI), which is useful for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, duration of T2DM, serum creatinine, HbA1c, and insulin-like growth factor-I showed that each parameter of endogenous insulin was significantly and positively correlated with muscle mass of arms and legs as well as RSMI (p < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounding factors mentioned above showed that each parameter of endogenous insulin was significantly lower in subjects with sarcopenia than those without it (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduction in endogenous insulin secretion is an independent risk factor of sarcopenia in men with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Ippei Kanazawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshitsugu Sugimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan.
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Doi T, Shimada H, Makizako H, Tsutsumimoto K, Hotta R, Nakakubo S, Suzuki T. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Related to Disability Among Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:797-802. [PMID: 26424830 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disability is a crucial health problem in aging. Identifying a biological contributory factor would be useful. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the endocrine system and is associated with frailty. However, there is no consensus about the relationship between IGF-1 and disability. This study aimed to examine whether IGF-1 related to incident disability among older adults. METHODS The study included 4,133 older adults (mean age, 71.8±5.4 years) who were participants in the "Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly" cohort study. We collected information on demographic variables, measured gait speed, Mini Mental State Examination score, and serum IGF-1 at baseline. During follow-up, incident disability was monitored by Long-Term Care Insurance certification. RESULTS Disability was observed in 212 participants during a mean follow-up duration period of 29.2 months. A log rank test indicated that lower levels of serum IGF-1 were related to incident disability (p = .004). A Cox hazard regression showed a lower quartile in IGF-1 related to disability compared with the highest quartile (Q4), even when adjusting for covariates including gait speed and Mini Mental State Examination score (Q1: hazard ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence intervals: 1.06-2.81; Q2: hazard ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence intervals: 0.99-2.71; Q3: hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence intervals: 0.76-2.25). In the analysis, stratified by sex, there was also significant relationship between IGF-1 and disability among women, but not men. CONCLUSIONS Lower serum IGF-1 was independently related to disability among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Doi
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan. Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Hotta
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Functioning Activation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Nishiwaki M, Yonemura H, Kurobe K, Matsumoto N. Four weeks of regular static stretching reduces arterial stiffness in middle-aged men. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:555. [PMID: 26435901 PMCID: PMC4583555 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trunk flexibility may be associated with arterial stiffness in young, middle-aged, and older healthy men after adjusting for blood pressure. This study assessed the effects of 4 weeks of regular static stretching on arterial stiffness in middle-aged men. Sixteen healthy men (43 ± 3 years) were assigned to control or intervention groups (n = 8 each). The control group did not alter their physical activity levels throughout the study period. The intervention group participated in five supervised stretching sessions per week for 4 weeks. Each session comprised 30 min of mild stretching that moved the major muscle groups through the full range of motion and stretches were held three times for 20 s at the end range. Flexibility was assessed by sit-and-reach test. Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Four weeks of stretching increased sit-and-reach (Control, Pre: 31.4 ± 2.1, Post: 30.8 ± 2.7 vs. Intervention, Pre: 30.6 ± 5.3, Post: 43.9 ± 4.3 cm), and reduced baPWV (Control, Pre: 1204 ± 25, Post: 1205 ± 38 vs. Intervention, Pre: 1207 ± 28, Post: 1145 ± 19 cm/s) and CAVI (Control, Pre: 7.6 ± 0.3, Post: 7.5 ± 0.3 vs. Intervention, Pre: 7.7 ± 0.2, Post: 7.2 ± 0.2 units) in the intervention group. However, the change in sit-and-reach did not significantly correlate with the changes in arterial stiffness. These findings suggest that short-term regular stretching induces a significant reduction in arterial stiffness in middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nishiwaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585 Japan
| | - Haruka Yonemura
- Faculty of Environmental Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kurobe
- Faculty of Business, Sports Management Course, Hannan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Environmental Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
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Gielen E, O'Neill TW, Pye SR, Adams JE, Wu FC, Laurent MR, Claessens F, Ward KA, Boonen S, Bouillon R, Vanderschueren D, Verschueren S. Endocrine determinants of incident sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly European men. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2015; 6:242-52. [PMID: 26401471 PMCID: PMC4575556 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In men, the long-term consequences of low serum levels of sex steroids, vitamin D metabolites, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the evolution of muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance are unclear. Moreover, there are no data about the relationship between these hormones and incident sarcopenia defined as low muscle mass and function. The aim of this study was to determine whether the baseline levels of sex hormones, vitamin D metabolites, and IGF-1 predict changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and incident sarcopenia. METHODS In 518 men aged 40-79 years, recruited for participation in the European Male Ageing Study, total, free, and bioavailable testosterone (T), oestradiol (E), sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and parathyroid hormone were assessed at baseline. Appendicular lean mass (aLM), gait speed, and grip strength were measured at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. Sarcopenia was defined by the definition of Baumgartner (relative aLM ≤7.26 kg/m(2)), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). RESULTS aLM significantly decreased from age 50 years, while gait speed and grip strength significantly decreased from age 70 years. The incidence of sarcopenia by the definitions of Baumgartner, IWGS, and EWGSOP was 8.1%, 3.0%, and 1.6%, respectively. After adjustment for age, centre, body mass index, smoking, and number of comorbidities at baseline, baseline levels of T and vitamin D metabolites were not associated with change in aLM, gait speed, and/or grip strength, while a high baseline level of total E2 was associated with a greater decrease in aLM. In men aged ≥70 years, low IGF-1 was associated with a greater decrease in gait speed. Baseline endocrine variables were not independently associated with an increased risk of incident sarcopenia by any definition. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of T and 25OHD do not predict loss of muscle mass, gait speed, or grip strength in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling European men. Low IGF-1 predicts change in gait speed in men aged ≥70 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology & NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen R Pye
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology & NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit Manchester, UK
| | - Judith E Adams
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and Radiology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester, UK
| | - Frederick C Wu
- Andrology Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Michaël R Laurent
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kate A Ward
- Nutrition and Bone Health, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Boonen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Yang CW, Li TC, Li CI, Liu CS, Lin CH, Lin WY, Lin CC. Insulinlike Growth Factor-1 and Its Binding Protein-3 Polymorphisms Predict Circulating IGF-1 Level and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass in Chinese Elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:365-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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