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Bourgeois S, Coenen S, Degroote L, Willems L, Van Mulders A, Pierreux J, Heremans Y, De Leu N, Staels W. Harnessing beta cell regeneration biology for diabetes therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38644094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The pandemic scale of diabetes mellitus is alarming, its complications remain devastating, and current treatments still pose a major burden on those affected and on the healthcare system as a whole. As the disease emanates from the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, a real cure requires their restoration and protection. An attractive strategy is to regenerate β-cells directly within the pancreas; however, while several approaches for β-cell regeneration have been proposed in the past, clinical translation has proven challenging. This review scrutinizes recent findings in β-cell regeneration and discusses their potential clinical implementation. Hereby, we aim to delineate a path for innovative, targeted therapies to help shift from 'caring for' to 'curing' diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Coenen
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Degroote
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lien Willems
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Pierreux
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico De Leu
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium.
| | - Willem Staels
- Genetics, Reproduction, and Development (GRAD), Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universiteit Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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López-Bermudo L, Luque-Sierra A, Maya-Miles D, Gallego-Durán R, Ampuero J, Romero-Gómez M, Berná G, Martín F. Contribution of Liver and Pancreatic Islet Crosstalk to β-Cell Function/Dysfunction in the Presence of Fatty Liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892672. [PMID: 35651973 PMCID: PMC9148952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-to-tissue crosstalk regulates organ function, according to growing data. This phenomenon is relevant for pancreatic β-cells and the liver, as both tissues are involved in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The ability to fine-tune regulation and adaptive responses is enabled through communication between pancreatic β-cells and the liver. However, the crosstalk between both tissues changes when metabolic dysregulation is present. Factors and cargo from extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by liver and pancreatic β-cells that reach the circulation form the words of this interaction. The molecules released by the liver are called hepatokines and are usually secreted in response to the metabolic state. When hepatokines reach the pancreatic islets several mechanisms are initiated for their protection or damage. In the case of the crosstalk between pancreatic β-cells and the liver, only one factor has been found to date. This protein, pancreatic derived factor (PANDER) has been proposed as a novel linker between insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and could be considered a biomarker for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2D. Furthermore, the cargo released by EVs, mainly miRNAs, plays a significant role in this crosstalk. A better knowledge of the crosstalk between liver and pancreatic β-cells is essential to understand both diseases and it could lead to better prevention and new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Bermudo
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Luque-Sierra
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Genoveva Berná
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University Pablo Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Franz Martín, ; Genoveva Berná,
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HGF can reduce accumulation of inflammation and regulate glucose homeostasis in T2D mice. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:613-624. [PMID: 34363605 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been studied as a protective factor for the survival of islet β cells and regulatory glucose transport and metabolism in many studies. The addition of exogenous HGF to cells or mice is the most common way to study HGF, but the persistence and stability of the administered HGF are unclear. In this experiment, wild-type C57BL6 (WT) mice and HGF-overexpressing transgenic (HGF-Tg) mice were divided into a normal diet (ND) group and an HFD group. The HGF protein level in the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, and VAT of HGF-Tg-ND mice was upregulated compared to that of WT-ND mice, and it was also upregulated in HGF-Tg-HFD mice compared to that in WT-HFD mice. In the ND group, though the HGF-Tg-ND mice showed higher fasted blood glucose levels and larger integrated density (IOD) of glucagon-positive cells than WT-ND mice, we found that HGF-Tg-ND mice can still maintain normal glucose tolerance based on an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT). In the HFD group, the HGF-Tg-HFD mice showed insulin sensitivity in IPGTT and IPITT and had larger areas and higher IOD values of islet β cells and smaller areas and IOD values of islet α cells than the WT-HFD mice. HGF-Tg-HFD mice had lower level of serum insulin than WT-HFD mice. The HGF-Tg-HFD mice showed inhibited accumulation of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Ly6G+ neutrophils, and F4/80+ macrophages in the blood and tissues and protected liver and kidney functions. Oil Red O-stained liver sections revealed that WT-HFD mice had larger areas and higher IOD values of Oil Red O-positive cells than HGF-Tg-HFD mice, and WT-HFD mice had higher score of NASH. PAS-stained kidney sections found WT-HFD has higher mesangial area/glomerular area × 100% than HGF-Tg-HFD mice. Comparative analyses demonstrated that HGF reduces the proportions of inflammatory cells in the blood and tissues, and protects liver and kidney tissues by regulating glucose homeostasis of type 2 diabetic mice.
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Nemati M, Karbalaei N, Mokarram P, Dehghani F. Effects of platelet-rich plasma on the pancreatic islet survival and function, islet transplantation outcome and pancreatic pdx 1 and insulin gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Growth Factors 2020; 38:137-151. [PMID: 33569978 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1881502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a therapeutic option in different fields based on its growth factors. We investigated influence of PRP on islet survival, function, transplantation outcomes, and pancreatic genes expression in diabetic rats. In vitro: pancreatic isolated islets were incubated with/without PRP then viability, insulin secretion, and content were assessed. In vivo: Series 1 were designed to determine whether islet treatment with PRP improves transplantation outcome in diabetic rats by evaluating plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and oxidative parameters. Series 2, effects of PRP subcutaneous injection were evaluated on pancreatic genes expression and glucose tolerance test in diabetic rats. PRP enhanced viability and secretary function of islet. Reduced glucose and malondialdehyde levels as well as increased insulin levels, superoxide dismutase activity, and expressions of pdx1 and insulin were observed in diabetic rats. PRP treatment has positive effects on islet viability, function, transplantation outcome, and pancreatic genes expression in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nemati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dehghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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Meivar-Levy I, Zoabi F, Nardini G, Manevitz-Mendelson E, Leichner GS, Zadok O, Gurevich M, Mor E, Dima S, Popescu I, Barzilai A, Ferber S, Greenberger S. The role of the vasculature niche on insulin-producing cells generated by transdifferentiation of adult human liver cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:53. [PMID: 30760321 PMCID: PMC6373031 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-dependent diabetes is a multifactorial disorder that could be theoretically cured by functional pancreatic islets and insulin-producing cell (IPC) implantation. Regenerative medicine approaches include the potential for growing tissues and organs in the laboratory and transplanting them when the body cannot heal itself. However, several obstacles remain to be overcome in order to bring regenerative medicine approach for diabetes closer to its clinical implementation; the cells generated in vitro are typically of heterogenic and immature nature and the site of implantation should be readily vascularized for the implanted cells to survive in vivo. The present study addresses these two limitations by analyzing the effect of co-implanting IPCs with vasculature promoting cells in an accessible site such as subcutaneous. Secondly, it analyzes the effects of reconstituting the in vivo environment in vitro on the maturation and function of insulin-producing cells. Methods IPCs that are generated by the transdifferentiation of human liver cells are exposed to the paracrine effects of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are the “building blocks” of the blood vessels. The role of the vasculature on IPC function is analyzed upon subcutaneous implantation in vivo in immune-deficient rodents. The paracrine effects of vasculature on IPC maturation are analyzed in culture. Results Co-implantation of MSCs and ECFCs with IPCs led to doubling the survival rates and a threefold increase in insulin production, in vivo. ECFC and MSC co-culture as well as conditioned media of co-cultures resulted in a significant increased expression of pancreatic-specific genes and an increase in glucose-regulated insulin secretion, compared with IPCs alone. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ECFC and MSC co-culture increases the expression of CTGF and ACTIVINβα, which play a key role in pancreatic differentiation. Conclusions Vasculature is an important player in generating regenerative medicine approaches for diabetes. Vasculature displays a paracrine effect on the maturation of insulin-producing cells and their survival upon implantation. The reconstitution of the in vivo niche is expected to promote the liver-to-pancreas transdifferentiation and bringing this cell therapy approach closer to its clinical implementation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1157-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Meivar-Levy
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. .,Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Fatima Zoabi
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Nardini
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Gil S Leichner
- The Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Oranit Zadok
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- The Organ Transplantation Division, Schneider Children Medical Center, Petach Tikvah, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- The Organ Transplantation Division, Schneider Children Medical Center, Petach Tikvah, Israel
| | - Simona Dima
- Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irinel Popescu
- Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine - Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,Center of Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aviv Barzilai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sarah Ferber
- The Sheba Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Dia-Cure, Institute of Medical Scientific Research Acad. Nicolae Cajal, University Titu Maiorescu, Bucharest, Romania.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Soluble cMet levels in urine are a significant prognostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12738. [PMID: 30143691 PMCID: PMC6109090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor cMet activate biological pathways necessary for repair and regeneration following kidney injury. Here, we evaluated the clinical role of urinary cMet as a prognostic biomarker in diabetic nephropathy (DN). A total of 218 patients with DN were enrolled in this study. We examined the association of urine cMet levels and long-term outcomes in patients with DN. The levels of urinary cMet were higher in patients with decreased renal function than in patients with relatively preserved renal function (5.25 ± 9.62 ng/ml versus 1.86 ± 4.77 ng/ml, P = 0.001). A fully adjusted model revealed that a urinary cMet cutoff of 2.9 ng/mL was associated with a hazard ratio for end-stage renal disease of 2.33 (95% confidence interval 1.19–4.57, P = 0.014). The addition of urinary cMet to serum creatinine and proteinuria provided the highest net reclassification improvement. We found that in primary cultured human glomerular endothelial cells, TGFβ treatment induced fibrosis, and the protein expression levels of collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, and αSMA were decreased after administration of an agonistic cMet antibody. In conclusion, elevated levels of urinary cMet at the time of initial diagnosis could predict renal outcomes in patients with DN.
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Morales-Prieto N, Ruiz-Laguna J, Sheehan D, Abril N. Transcriptome signatures of p,p´-DDE-induced liver damage in Mus spretus mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:150-167. [PMID: 29554563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane) in some countries, although regulated, is contributing to an increased worldwide risk of exposure to this organochlorine pesticide or its derivative p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene]. Many studies have associated p,p'-DDE exposure to type 2 diabetes, obesity and alterations of the reproductive system, but their molecular mechanisms of toxicity remain poorly understood. We have addressed this issue by using commercial microarrays based on probes for the entire Mus musculus genome to determine the hepatic transcriptional signatures of p,p'-DDE in the phylogenetically close mouse species Mus spretus. High-stringency hybridization conditions and analysis assured reliable results, which were also verified, in part, by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and/or enzymatic activity. Our data linked 198 deregulated genes to mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbations of central signaling pathways (kinases, lipids, and retinoic acid) leading to enhanced lipogenesis and aerobic glycolysis, inflammation, cell proliferation and testosterone catabolism and excretion. Alterations of transcript levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in testosterone catabolism and excretion would explain the relationships established between p,p´-DDE exposure and reproductive disorders, obesity and diabetes. Further studies will help to fully understand the molecular basis of p,p´-DDE molecular toxicity in liver and reproductive organs, to identify effective exposure biomarkers and perhaps to design efficient p,p'-DDE exposure counteractive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julia Ruiz-Laguna
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Sheehan
- College of Arts and Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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8
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Oliveira AG, Araújo TG, Carvalho BDM, Rocha GZ, Santos A, Saad MJA. The Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in Insulin Resistance and Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:503. [PMID: 30214428 PMCID: PMC6125308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes, there are proteins and hormones that may lead to the discovery of promising biomarkers and treatments for these metabolic disorders. For example, these molecules may impair the insulin signaling pathway or provide protection against IR. Thus, identifying proteins that are upregulated in IR states is relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of the associated disorders. It is becoming clear that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an important component of the pathophysiology of IR, with increased levels in most common IR conditions, including obesity. HGF has a role in the metabolic flux of glucose in different insulin sensitive cell types; plays a key role in β-cell homeostasis; and is capable of modulating the inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss how, and to what extent HGF contributes to IR and diabetes pathophysiology, as well as its role in cancer which is more prevalent in obesity and diabetes. Based on the current literature and knowledge, it is clear that HGF plays a central role in these metabolic disorders. Thus, HGF levels could be employed as a biomarker for disease status/progression, and HGF/c-Met signaling pathway modulators could effectively regulate IR and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G. Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Alexandre G. Oliveira
| | - Tiago G. Araújo
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Melo Carvalho
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Z. Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Mario J. A. Saad
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9
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Kato T. Biological roles of hepatocyte growth factor-Met signaling from genetically modified animals. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:495-503. [PMID: 29188052 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. The HGF-Met signaling pathway contributes in a paracrine manner to the development of epithelial organs, exerts regenerative effects on the epithelium, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs. Additionally, the HGF-Met signaling pathway is correlated with the biology of cancer types, neurons and immunity. In vivo analyses using genetic modification have markedly increased the profound understanding of the HGF-Met system in basic biology and its clinical applications. HGF and Met knockout (KO) mice are embryonically lethal. Therefore, amino acids in multifunctional docking sites of Met have been exchanged with specific binding motifs for downstream adaptor molecules in order to investigate the signaling potential of the HGF-Met signaling pathway. Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre-loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF-Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. Furthermore, the results of studies using HGF-overexpressing mice have indicated the therapeutic potential of HGF for various types of disease and injury. In the present review, the phenotypes of Met gene-modified mice are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Stamateris RE, Sharma RB, Kong Y, Ebrahimpour P, Panday D, Ranganath P, Zou B, Levitt H, Parambil NA, O'Donnell CP, García-Ocaña A, Alonso LC. Glucose Induces Mouse β-Cell Proliferation via IRS2, MTOR, and Cyclin D2 but Not the Insulin Receptor. Diabetes 2016; 65:981-95. [PMID: 26740601 PMCID: PMC5314707 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An important goal in diabetes research is to understand the processes that trigger endogenous β-cell proliferation. Hyperglycemia induces β-cell replication, but the mechanism remains debated. A prime candidate is insulin, which acts locally through the insulin receptor. Having previously developed an in vivo mouse hyperglycemia model, we tested whether glucose induces β-cell proliferation through insulin signaling. By using mice lacking insulin signaling intermediate insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2), we confirmed that hyperglycemia-induced β-cell proliferation requires IRS2 both in vivo and ex vivo. Of note, insulin receptor activation was not required for glucose-induced proliferation, and insulin itself was not sufficient to drive replication. Glucose and insulin caused similar acute signaling in mouse islets, but chronic signaling differed markedly, with mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) activation by glucose and AKT activation by insulin. MTOR but not ERK activation was required for glucose-induced proliferation. Cyclin D2 was necessary for glucose-induced β-cell proliferation. Cyclin D2 expression was reduced when either IRS2 or MTOR signaling was lost, and restoring cyclin D2 expression rescued the proliferation defect. Human islets shared many of these regulatory pathways. Taken together, these results support a model in which IRS2, MTOR, and cyclin D2, but not the insulin receptor, mediate glucose-induced proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Stamateris
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Rohit B Sharma
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Yahui Kong
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Pantea Ebrahimpour
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Deepika Panday
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Pavana Ranganath
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Baobo Zou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Helena Levitt
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adolfo García-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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Banerji J. Asparaginase treatment side-effects may be due to genes with homopolymeric Asn codons (Review-Hypothesis). Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:607-26. [PMID: 26178806 PMCID: PMC4533780 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present treatment of childhood T-cell leukemias involves the systemic administration of prokary-otic L-asparaginase (ASNase), which depletes plasma Asparagine (Asn) and inhibits protein synthesis. The mechanism of therapeutic action of ASNase is poorly understood, as are the etiologies of the side-effects incurred by treatment. Protein expression from genes bearing Asn homopolymeric coding regions (N-hCR) may be particularly susceptible to Asn level fluctuation. In mammals, N-hCR are rare, short and conserved. In humans, misfunctions of genes encoding N-hCR are associated with a cluster of disorders that mimic ASNase therapy side-effects which include impaired glycemic control, dislipidemia, pancreatitis, compromised vascular integrity, and neurological dysfunction. This paper proposes that dysregulation of Asn homeostasis, potentially even by ASNase produced by the microbiome, may contribute to several clinically important syndromes by altering expression of N-hCR bearing genes. By altering amino acid abundance and modulating ribosome translocation rates at codon repeats, the microbiomic environment may contribute to genome decoding and to shaping the proteome. We suggest that impaired translation at poly Asn codons elevates diabetes risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Banerji
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, MGH, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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