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Buchwald H, McGlennon T, Roberts A, Ahnfeldt E, Buchwald J, Pories W. Who Would Have Thought It? : Intestinal Surgery May Prove To Be the Most Effective Therapy For Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): a Hypothesis and a Challenge. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2629-2631. [PMID: 37458863 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Buchwald
- Emeritus Professor of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Owen H. & Sarah Davidson Wangensteen Chair in Experimental Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric Ahnfeldt
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jane Buchwald
- Medwrite Medical Communications, Maiden Rock, WI, USA
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2
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Whitehead B, Velazquez-Cruz R, Albowaidey A, Zhang N, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Time- and Sex-Dependent Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Stroke Vulnerability. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:578-591. [PMID: 36322789 PMCID: PMC9986031 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) produces subtle cerebrovascular impairments that persist over time and promote increased ischemic stroke vulnerability. We recently established a role for vascular impairments in exacerbating stroke outcomes 1 week after TBI, but there is a lack of research regarding long-term impacts of mTBI-induced vascular dysfunction, as well as a significant need to understand how mTBI promotes stroke vulnerability in both males and females. Here, we present data using a mild closed head TBI model and an experimental stroke occurring either 7 or 28 days later in both male and female mice. We report that mTBI induces larger stroke volumes 7 days after injury, however, this increased vulnerability to stroke persists out to 28 days in female but not male mice. Importantly, mTBI-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, intravascular coagulation, angiogenic factors, total vascular area, and glial expression were differentially altered across time and by sex. Taken together, these data suggest that mTBI can result in persistent cerebrovascular dysfunction and increased susceptibility to worsened ischemic outcomes, although these dysfunctions occur differently in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ali Albowaidey
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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3
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Begasse de Dhaem O, Robbins MS. Cognitive Impairment in Primary and Secondary Headache Disorders. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:391-404. [PMID: 35239156 PMCID: PMC8891733 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review To critically evaluate the recent literature on cognitive impairment and headache. Recent Findings Neurocognitive symptoms are prevalent, debilitating, and occur often with both primary and secondary headache disorders. Summary This is a “narrative review of the current literature in PubMed on cognitive function and headache.” Migraine is associated with cognitive impairment years before a migraine diagnosis. In young and middle-aged adults, migraine is associated with deficits in attention, executive function, processing speed, and memory. It is unlikely that migraine is associated with dementia. Although methodologically difficult to assess, there does not seem to be an association between tension-type headache and cognitive dysfunction. In early to midlife, cluster headache seems to be associated with executive dysfunction. Several secondary headache syndromes relevant to clinicians managing headache disorders are associated with poorer cognitive performance or distinctive cognitive patterns, including those attributed to chronic cerebral or systemic vascular disorders, trauma, and derangements of intracranial pressure and volume, including frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew S Robbins
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Carvajal FJ, Cerpa W. Regulation of Phosphorylated State of NMDA Receptor by STEP 61 Phosphatase after Mild-Traumatic Brain Injury: Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101575. [PMID: 34679709 PMCID: PMC8533270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) mediates neuronal death through several events involving many molecular pathways, including the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity for excessive stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), producing activation of death signaling pathways. However, the contribution of NMDARs (distribution and signaling-associated to the distribution) remains incompletely understood. We propose a critical role of STEP61 (Striatal-Enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) in TBI; this phosphatase regulates the dephosphorylated state of the GluN2B subunit through two pathways: by direct dephosphorylation of tyrosine-1472 and indirectly via dephosphorylation and inactivation of Fyn kinase. We previously demonstrated oxidative stress’s contribution to NMDAR signaling and distribution using SOD2+/− mice such a model. We performed TBI protocol using a controlled frontal impact device using C57BL/6 mice and SOD2+/− animals. After TBI, we found alterations in cognitive performance, NMDAR-dependent synaptic function (decreased synaptic form of NMDARs and decreased synaptic current NMDAR-dependent), and increased STEP61 activity. These changes are reduced partially with the STEP61-inhibitor TC-2153 treatment in mice subjected to TBI protocol. This study contributes with evidence about the role of STEP61 in the neuropathological progression after TBI and also the alteration in their activity, such as an early biomarker of synaptic damage in traumatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2354-2656; Fax: +56-2-2354-2660
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5
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Beaudouin F, der Fünten KA, Tröß T, Reinsberger C, Meyer T. Time Trends of Head Injuries Over Multiple Seasons in Professional Male Football (Soccer). Sports Med Int Open 2019; 3:E6-E11. [PMID: 30697588 PMCID: PMC6349547 DOI: 10.1055/a-0808-2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate time trends of head injuries and their injury mechanisms since a rule change as monitoring may help to identify causes of head injuries and may advance head injury prevention efforts. Based on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine “kicker Sportmagazin
®
” as well as other media sources, a database of head injuries in the 1
st
German male Bundesliga was generated comprising 11 seasons (2006/07–2016/17). Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Time trends were analysed via linear regression. Two hundred thirty-eight match head injuries occurred (IR 1.77/1000 match hours, 95% CI 1.56–2.01). There were no significant seasonal changes, expressed as annual average year-on-year change, in IRs over the 11-year period for total head injuries (p=0.693), facial/head fractures (p=0.455), lacerations/abrasions (p=0.162), and head contusions (p=0.106). The annual average year-on-year increase for concussion was 6.4% (p=0.004). Five head injury mechanisms were identified. There were no seasonal changes in injury mechanisms over the study period. The concussion subcategory increased slightly over the seasons, which may either be a result of increasing match dynamics or raised awareness among team physicians and players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beaudouin
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karen Aus der Fünten
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tobias Tröß
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus Reinsberger
- Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Aldag M, Armstrong RC, Bandak F, Bellgowan PSF, Bentley T, Biggerstaff S, Caravelli K, Cmarik J, Crowder A, DeGraba TJ, Dittmer TA, Ellenbogen RG, Greene C, Gupta RK, Hicks R, Hoffman S, Latta RC, Leggieri MJ, Marion D, Mazzoli R, McCrea M, O'Donnell J, Packer M, Petro JB, Rasmussen TE, Sammons-Jackson W, Shoge R, Tepe V, Tremaine LA, Zheng J. The Biological Basis of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy following Blast Injury: A Literature Review. J Neurotrauma 2018; 34:S26-S43. [PMID: 28937953 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office organized the 2015 International State-of-the-Science meeting to explore links between blast-related head injury and the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Before the meeting, the planning committee examined articles published between 2005 and October 2015 and prepared this literature review, which summarized broadly CTE research and addressed questions about the pathophysiological basis of CTE and its relationship to blast- and nonblast-related head injury. It served to inform participants objectively and help focus meeting discussion on identifying knowledge gaps and priority research areas. CTE is described generally as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting persons exposed to head injury. Affected individuals have been participants primarily in contact sports and military personnel, some of whom were exposed to blast. The symptomatology of CTE overlaps with Alzheimer's disease and includes neurological and cognitive deficits, psychiatric and behavioral problems, and dementia. There are no validated diagnostic criteria, and neuropathological evidence of CTE has come exclusively from autopsy examination of subjects with histories of exposure to head injury. The perivascular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) at the depths of cortical sulci is thought to be unique to CTE and has been proposed as a diagnostic requirement, although the contribution of p-tau and other reported pathologies to the development of clinical symptoms of CTE are unknown. The literature on CTE is limited and is focused predominantly on head injuries unrelated to blast exposure (e.g., football players and boxers). In addition, comparative analyses of clinical case reports has been challenging because of small case numbers, selection biases, methodological differences, and lack of matched controls, particularly for blast-exposed individuals. Consequently, the existing literature is not sufficient to determine whether the development of CTE is associated with head injury frequency (e.g., single vs. multiple exposures) or head injury type (e.g., impact, nonimpact, blast-related). Moreover, the incidence and prevalence of CTE in at-risk populations is unknown. Future research priorities should include identifying additional risk factors, pursuing population-based longitudinal studies, and developing the ability to detect and diagnose CTE in living persons using validated criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Aldag
- 1 Booz Allen Hamilton , McLean, Virginia
| | - Regina C Armstrong
- 2 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Faris Bandak
- 3 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency , Arlington, Virginia
| | | | | | - Sean Biggerstaff
- 6 Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense , Health Affairs, Falls Church, Virginia
| | | | - Joan Cmarik
- 7 Office of the Principal Assistant for Acquisition, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Alicia Crowder
- 8 Combat Casualty Care Research Program , United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | | | | | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- 10 Departments of Neurological Surgery and Global Health Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Colin Greene
- 11 Joint Trauma Analysis and Prevention of Injuries in Combat Program, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Raj K Gupta
- 12 Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Frederick, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Leggieri
- 12 Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Donald Marion
- 16 Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Mark Packer
- 20 Hearing Center of Excellence , Lackland, Texas
| | - James B Petro
- 21 Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Research and Engineering, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Todd E Rasmussen
- 8 Combat Casualty Care Research Program , United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Wendy Sammons-Jackson
- 22 Office of the Principal Assistant for Research and Technology , United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Richard Shoge
- 23 Military Operational Medicine Research Program, United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | | | | | - James Zheng
- 25 Program Executive Office Soldier , Fort Belvoir, Virginia
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7
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Gallo V, McElvenny D, Hobbs C, Davoren D, Morris H, Crutch S, Zetterberg H, Fox NC, Kemp S, Cross M, Arden NK, Davies MAM, Malaspina A, Pearce N. BRain health and healthy AgeINg in retired rugby union players, the BRAIN Study: study protocol for an observational study in the UK. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017990. [PMID: 29282262 PMCID: PMC5770902 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known about the long-term health of former elite rugby players, or former sportspeople more generally. As well as the potential benefits of being former elite sportspersons, there may be potential health risks from exposures occurring during an individual's playing career, as well as following retirement. Each contact sport has vastly different playing dynamics, therefore exposing its players to different types of potential traumas. Current evidence suggests that these are not necessarily comparable in terms of pathophysiology, and their potential long-term adverse effects might also differ. There is currently limited but increasing evidence that poorer age-related and neurological health exists among former professional sportsmen exposed to repetitive concussions; however the evidence is limited on rugby union players, specifically. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We present the protocol for a cross-sectional study to assess the association between self-reported history of concussion during a playing career, and subsequent measures of healthy ageing and neurological and cognitive impairment. We are recruiting a sample of approximately 200 retired rugby players (former Oxford and Cambridge University rugby players and members of the England Rugby International Club) aged 50 years or more, and collecting a number of general and neurological health-related outcome measures though validated assessments. Biomarkers of neurodegeneration (neurofilaments and tau) will be also be measured. Although the study is focusing on rugby union players specifically, the general study design and the methods for assessing neurological health are likely to be relevant to other studies of former elite sportspersons. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (reference: 11634-2). It is intended that results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals, communicated to participants, the general public and all relevant stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Damien McElvenny
- Research Division, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine Hobbs
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Donna Davoren
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Huw Morris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Crutch
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of molecular neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Nigel K Arden
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, exercise and osteoarthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madeleine A M Davies
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, exercise and osteoarthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Department of Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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8
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Castranio EL, Mounier A, Wolfe CM, Nam KN, Fitz NF, Letronne F, Schug J, Koldamova R, Lefterov I. Gene co-expression networks identify Trem2 and Tyrobp as major hubs in human APOE expressing mice following traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:1-14. [PMID: 28502803 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is strongly linked to an increased risk of developing dementia, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy and possibly Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOEε4 allele of human Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the major genetic risk factor for late onset AD and has been associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy and unfavorable outcome following TBI. To determine if there is an APOE isoform-specific response to TBI we performed controlled cortical impact on 3-month-old mice expressing human APOE3 or APOE4 isoforms. Following injury, we used several behavior paradigms to test for anxiety and learning and found that APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement mice demonstrate cognitive impairments following moderate TBI. Transcriptional profiling 14days following injury revealed a significant effect of TBI, which was similar in both genotypes. Significantly upregulated by injury in both genotypes were mRNA expression and protein level of ABCA1 transporter and APOJ, but not APOE. To identify gene-networks correlated to injury and APOE isoform, we performed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. We determined that the network mostly correlated to TBI in animals expressing both isoforms is immune response with major hub genes including Trem2, Tyrobp, Clec7a and Cd68. We also found a significant increase of TREM2, IBA-1 and GFAP protein levels in the brains of injured mice. We identified a network representing myelination that correlated significantly with APOE isoform in both injury groups. This network was significantly enriched in oligodendrocyte signature genes, such as Mbp and Plp1. Our results demonstrate unique and distinct gene networks at this acute time point for injury and APOE isoform, as well as a network driven by APOE isoform across TBI groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie L Castranio
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Anais Mounier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Cody M Wolfe
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Kyong Nyon Nam
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Florent Letronne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Functional Genomics Core, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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9
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Hanlon FM, McGrew CA, Mayer AR. Does a Unique Neuropsychiatric Profile Currently Exist for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy? Curr Sports Med Rep 2017; 16:30-35. [PMID: 28067738 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that repetitive mild traumatic brain injury leads to specific patterns of neuropathological findings, labeled chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, questions remain about whether these neuropathological changes produce changes in behavior, cognition, and emotional status that are associated with a unique neuropsychiatric profile that can be assessed using currently available clinical tools. Our review of the literature indicates that insufficient evidence currently exists to suggest a distinct neuropsychiatric profile for CTE. Major limitations to the field presently include the relatively nascent nature of the topic, reliance on retrospective next-of-kin reporting, the lack of prospective studies, and similarities in neuropsychiatric symptoms between CTE, other neurodegenerative disorders and forms of psychopathology. Clinicians and researchers alike have a responsibility to adopt a cautious and balanced approach for antemortem assessments to minimize the potential unintended negative consequences of both overdiagnosing and underdiagnosing a clinical entity that has yet to be clearly established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Hanlon
- 1The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM; 2Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM; 3Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine Division, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM; 4Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM; 5Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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10
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Role of NMDA Receptor-Mediated Glutamatergic Signaling in Chronic and Acute Neuropathologies. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:2701526. [PMID: 27630777 PMCID: PMC5007376 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2701526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have two opposing roles in the brain. On the one hand, NMDARs control critical events in the formation and development of synaptic organization and synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, the overactivation of NMDARs can promote neuronal death in neuropathological conditions. Ca(2+) influx acts as a primary modulator after NMDAR channel activation. An imbalance in Ca(2+) homeostasis is associated with several neurological diseases including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These chronic conditions have a lengthy progression depending on internal and external factors. External factors such as acute episodes of brain damage are associated with an earlier onset of several of these chronic mental conditions. Here, we will review some of the current evidence of how traumatic brain injury can hasten the onset of several neurological conditions, focusing on the role of NMDAR distribution and the functional consequences in calcium homeostasis associated with synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death present in this group of chronic diseases.
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11
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Reams N, Eckner JT, Almeida AA, Aagesen AL, Giordani B, Paulson H, Lorincz ML, Kutcher JS. A Clinical Approach to the Diagnosis of Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Review. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73:743-9. [PMID: 27111824 PMCID: PMC4922002 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) refers to pathologic changes that have been found in some individuals with a history of repetitive traumatic impact to the head (hereinafter referred to as head trauma). These changes cannot be assessed during the clinical evaluation of a living patient. OBSERVATIONS The neuropathologic features, taxonomy, history, role of biomarkers in diagnosis, and existing criteria of CTE are reviewed. Previous criteria have been proposed to approach the living patient; however, a unified, specific approach is needed for the practicing clinician. We propose a new diagnostic construct for the clinical syndrome associated with repetitive exposure to head trauma: traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. This clinical paradigm will provide the framework for a diagnosis of probable, possible, and unlikely traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, with included discussion regarding the minimum exposure, nature of the clinical course, and additional clinical features needed for diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE While prospective longitudinal studies are ongoing to further elucidate the association of exposure to head trauma, clinical features, and the development of pathologic changes, a corresponding clinical construct for diagnosis is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Reams
- Department of Neurology, Northshore University Health System, Glenview, Illinios
| | - James T. Eckner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Andrea A. Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Andrea L. Aagesen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Hank Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Matthew L. Lorincz
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
| | - Jeffrey S. Kutcher
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
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12
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Bachstetter AD, Webster SJ, Goulding DS, Morton JE, Watterson DM, Van Eldik LJ. Attenuation of traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment in mice by targeting increased cytokine levels with a small molecule experimental therapeutic. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:69. [PMID: 25886256 PMCID: PMC4396836 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence from clinical studies and preclinical animal models suggests that proinflammatory cytokine overproduction is a potential driving force for pathology progression in traumatic brain injury (TBI). This raises the possibility that selective targeting of the overactive cytokine response, a component of the neuroinflammation that contributes to neuronal dysfunction, may be a useful therapeutic approach. MW151 is a CNS-penetrant, small molecule experimental therapeutic that selectively restores injury- or disease-induced overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines towards homeostasis. We previously reported that MW151 administered post-injury (p.i.) is efficacious in a closed head injury (CHI) model of diffuse TBI in mice. Here we test dose dependence of MW151 to suppress the target mechanism (proinflammatory cytokine up-regulation), and explore the therapeutic window for MW151 efficacy. Methods We examined suppression of the acute cytokine surge when MW151 was administered at different times post-injury and the dose-dependence of cytokine suppression. We also tested a more prolonged treatment with MW151 over the first 7 days post-injury and measured the effects on cognitive impairment and glial activation. Results MW151 administered up to 6 h post-injury suppressed the acute cytokine surge, in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of MW151 over the first 7 days post-injury rescues the CHI-induced cognitive impairment and reduces glial activation in the focus area of the CHI. Conclusions Our results identify a clinically relevant time window post-CHI during which MW151 effectively restores cytokine production back towards normal, with a resultant attenuation of downstream cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Scott J Webster
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Danielle S Goulding
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Jonathan E Morton
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - D Martin Watterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Gardner RC, Yaffe K. Epidemiology of mild traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 66:75-80. [PMID: 25748121 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year an estimated 42 million people worldwide suffer a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) or concussion. More severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a well-established risk factor for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, large epidemiological studies have additionally identified MTBI as a risk factor for dementia. The role of MTBI in risk of PD or ALS is less well established. Repetitive MTBI and repetitive sub-concussive head trauma have been linked to increased risk for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a unique neurodegenerative tauopathy first described in boxers but more recently described in a variety of contact sport athletes, military veterans, and civilians exposed to repetitive MTBI. Studies of repetitive MTBI and CTE have been limited by referral bias, lack of consensus clinical criteria for CTE, challenges of quantifying MTBI exposure, and potential for confounding. The prevalence of CTE is unknown and the amount of MTBI or sub-concussive trauma exposure necessary to produce CTE is unclear. This review will summarize the current literature regarding the epidemiology of MTBI, post-TBI dementia and Parkinson's disease, and CTE while highlighting methodological challenges and critical future directions of research in this field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Traumatic Brain Injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C Gardner
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA, United States; Departments of Epidemiology/Biostatistics and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
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