1
|
Zahoor W, Pandith AA, Nisar S, Qasim I, Surana M, Ganie FA, Manzoor U, Arif SH, Rasool SUA, Lateef A, Shah P, Bhat RA. EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) POLYMORPHIC VARIATIONS (-216G/T & -191 C/A) POSE A HIGH RISK TO PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMA. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:203-210. [PMID: 37824771 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.02.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas are the most frequent and lethal brain tumors. Their molecular aspects remain intangible but current studies have pointed to certain genetic polymorphic loci that pose the risk. The polymorphic sequence variations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) pathway play a vital role in the glioma risk, and the EGFR variants (216G>T and 191C>A) are identified to affect the risk for the development of different tumors including glioma. AIM To examine genetic variations of EGFR T rs712829 (216G/T) and rs712830 (191C>A) with respect to glioma risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS 129 confirmed glioma cases were genotyped against 180 malignancy-free healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (RFLP). RESULTS The frequency of the TT homozygous variant of the EGFR -216 G/T genotype differed significantly between cases and controls (49.6% vs. 23.0%) (p < 0.0001). The EGFR -216 G>T allele 'T' was found significantly more frequently in cases (0.56 vs. 0.33 in controls; p < 0.0001). The EGFR -191C>A homozygous 'AA' genotype was implicated significantly more frequently in cases than in controls (p < 0.0001). The distribution of the 'A' variant allele was also more frequent in cases (41.9%) than in controls (14.0%) (0.55 vs. 0.30; p < 0.0001). TC and TA haplotypes showed varied frequency in cases and controls. CONCLUSION EGFR -216 G>T and -191 C>A variants and haplotypes (TA and TC) of the EGFR gene are very strong risk factors in the development of glioma in the Kashmiri population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wani Zahoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mewar University-Jaipur, India
| | - Arshad A Pandith
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Syed Nisar
- Medical Oncology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Iqbal Qasim
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Menka Surana
- Department of Chemistry, Mewar University-Jaipur, India
| | - Farooq A Ganie
- Department of CVTS, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Usma Manzoor
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Sajad H Arif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Shayaq Ul Abeer Rasool
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Adil Lateef
- Advanced Centre for Human Genetics, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Parveen Shah
- Department of Pathology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| | - Rashid A Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar 190011, J&K, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qazi S, Uckun FM. Upregulated Expression of ErbB1 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma as a Predictor of Poor Overall Survival Outcome. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050770. [PMID: 37240940 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the transcript-level expression of ErbB family protein tyrosine kinases, including ERBB1, in primary malignant lymphoma cells from 498 adult patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). ERBB1 expression in DLBCL cells was significantly higher than in normal B-lineage lymphoid cells. An upregulated expression of ERBB1 mRNA in DLBCL cells was correlated with an amplified expression of mRNAs for transcription factors that recognized ERBB1 gene promoter sites. Notably, amplified ERBB1 expression in DLBCL and its subtypes were associated with significantly worse overall survival (OS). Our results encourage the further evaluation of the prognostic significance of high-level ERBB1 mRNA expression and the clinical potential of ERBB1-targeting therapeutics as personalized medicines in high-risk DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjive Qazi
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
| | - Fatih M Uckun
- Immuno-Oncology Program, Ares Pharmaceuticals, St. Paul, MN 55110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
ERBB1/EGFR and JAK3 Tyrosine Kinases as Potential Therapeutic Targets in High-Risk Multiple Myeloma. ONCO 2022; 2:282-304. [PMID: 36311273 PMCID: PMC9610889 DOI: 10.3390/onco2040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our main objective was to identify abundantly expressed tyrosine kinases in multiple myeloma (MM) as potential therapeutic targets. We first compared the transcriptomes of malignant plasma cells from newly diagnosed MM patients who were risk-categorized based on the patient-specific EMC-92/SKY-92 gene expression signature values vs. normal plasma cells from healthy volunteers using archived datasets from the HOVON65/GMMG-HD4 randomized Phase 3 study evaluating the clinical efficacy of bortezomib induction/maintenance versus classic cytotoxic drugs and thalidomide maintenance. In particular, ERBB1/EGFR was significantly overexpressed in MM cells in comparison to normal control plasma cells, and it was differentially overexpressed in MM cells from high-risk patients. Amplified expression of EGFR/ERBB1 mRNA in MM cells was positively correlated with increased expression levels of mRNAs for several DNA binding proteins and transcription factors with known upregulating activity on EGFR/ERBB1 gene expression. MM patients with the highest ERBB1/EGFR expression level had significantly shorter PFS and OS times than patients with the lowest ERBB1/EGFR expression level. High expression levels of EGFR/ERBB1 were associated with significantly increased hazard ratios for unfavorable PFS and OS outcomes in both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The impact of high EGFR/ERBB1 expression on the PFS and OS outcomes remained significant even after accounting for the prognostic effects of other covariates. These results regarding the prognostic effect of EGFR/ERBB1 expression were validated using the MMRF-CoMMpass RNAseq dataset generated in patients treated with more recently applied drug combinations included in contemporary induction regimens. Our findings provide new insights regarding the molecular mechanism and potential clinical significance of upregulated EGFR/ERBB1 expression in MM.
Collapse
|
4
|
Barbosa K, Oba-Shinjo S, Uno M, Carvalho P, Rosemberg S, Aguiar P, Carlotti C, Malheiros S, Toledo S, Lotufo P, Marie S. Association of EGFR c.2073A>T Polymorphism with Decreased Risk of Diffusely Infiltrating Astrocytoma in a Brazilian Case-Control Study. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 23:140-6. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene overexpression has been implicated in the development of many types of tumors, including glioblastomas, the most frequent diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas. However, little is known about the influence of the polymorphisms of EGFR on EGFR production and/or activity, possibly modulating the susceptibility to astrocytomas. This study aimed to examine the association of two EGFR promoter polymorphisms (c-191C>A and c.-216G>T) and the c.2073A>T polymorphism located in exon 16 with susceptibility to astrocytomas, EGFR gene expression and survival in a case-control study of 193 astrocytoma patients and 200 cancer-free controls. We found that the variant TT genotype of the EGFR c.2073A>T polymorphism was associated with a significantly decreased risk of astrocytoma when compared with the AA genotype [sex- and age-adjusted odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.26–0.98]. No association of the two promoter EGFR polymorphisms (or combinations of these polymorphisms) and risk of astrocytomas, EGFR expression or survival was found. Our findings suggest that modulation of the EGFR c.2073A>T polymorphism could play a role in future therapeutic approaches to astrocytoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K.C. Barbosa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - S.M. Oba-Shinjo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - M. Uno
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - P.O. Carvalho
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - S. Rosemberg
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - P.H.P. Aguiar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - C.G. Carlotti
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto
| | - S.M.F. Malheiros
- Department of Neurology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo
| | - S. Toledo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Oncology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| | - P. Lotufo
- Hospital Universitario São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - Brazil
| | - S.K.N. Marie
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Claus EB, Walsh KM, Wiencke JK, Molinaro AM, Wiemels JL, Schildkraut JM, Bondy ML, Berger M, Jenkins R, Wrensch M. Survival and low-grade glioma: the emergence of genetic information. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E6. [PMID: 25552286 DOI: 10.3171/2014.10.focus12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Significant gaps exist in our understanding of the causes and clinical management of glioma. One of the biggest gaps is how best to manage low-grade (World Health Organization [WHO] Grade II) glioma. Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a uniformly fatal disease of young adults (mean age 41 years), with survival averaging approximately 7 years. Although LGG patients have better survival than patients with high-grade (WHO Grade III or IV) glioma, all LGGs eventually progress to high-grade glioma and death. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute suggest that for the majority of LGG patients, overall survival has not significantly improved over the past 3 decades, highlighting the need for intensified study of this tumor. Recently published research suggests that historically used clinical variables are not sufficient (and are likely inferior) prognostic and predictive indicators relative to information provided by recently discovered tumor markers (e.g., 1p/19q deletion and IDH1 or IDH2 mutation status), tumor expression profiles (e.g., the proneural profile) and/or constitutive genotype (e.g., rs55705857 on 8q24.21). Discovery of such tumor and constitutive variation may identify variables needed to improve randomization in clinical trials as well as identify patients more sensitive to current treatments and targets for improved treatment in the future. This article reports on survival trends for patients diagnosed with LGG within the United States from 1973 through 2011 and reviews the emerging role of tumor and constitutive genetics in refining risk stratification, defining targeted therapy, and improving survival for this group of relatively young patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Thuy MN, Kam JK, Lee GC, Tao PL, Ling DQ, Cheng M, Goh SK, Papachristos AJ, Shukla L, Wall KL, Smoll NR, Jones JJ, Gikenye N, Soh B, Moffat B, Johnson N, Drummond KJ. A novel literature-based approach to identify genetic and molecular predictors of survival in glioblastoma multiforme: Analysis of 14,678 patients using systematic review and meta-analytical tools. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:785-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
7
|
Beishline K, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Sp1 and the 'hallmarks of cancer'. FEBS J 2015; 282:224-58. [PMID: 25393971 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For many years, transcription factor Sp1 was viewed as a basal transcription factor and relegated to a role in the regulation of so-called housekeeping genes. Identification of Sp1's role in recruiting the general transcription machinery in the absence of a TATA box increased its importance in gene regulation, particularly in light of recent estimates that the majority of mammalian genes lack a TATA box. In this review, we briefly consider the history of Sp1, the founding member of the Sp family of transcription factors. We review the evidence suggesting that Sp1 is highly regulated by post-translational modifications that positively and negatively affect the activity of Sp1 on a wide array of genes. Sp1 is over-expressed in many cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Targeting Sp1 in cancer treatment has been suggested; however, our review of the literature on the role of Sp1 in the regulation of genes that contribute to the 'hallmarks of cancer' illustrates the extreme complexity of Sp1 functions. Sp1 both activates and suppresses the expression of a number of essential oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as genes involved in essential cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, the DNA damage response, apoptosis, senescence and angiogenesis. Sp1 is also implicated in inflammation and genomic instability, as well as epigenetic silencing. Given the apparently opposing effects of Sp1, a more complete understanding of the function of Sp1 in cancer is required to validate its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li S, Guo W, Gao Y, Liu Y. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits growth of glioblastoma multiforme through mTor. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2607-12. [PMID: 25431263 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Being the most malignant primary brain tumor in humans, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a fairly poor patient survival after current combined treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on some tumors, and we recently reported its inhibitory effect on GBM growth in vitro and in vivo, possibly through an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. Here, using specific inhibitors, we found that the activation of EGFR signaling promoted GBM growth through PI3k/Akt/mTor signaling pathways. Moreover, GRh2 efficiently inhibited activation of this pathway at the receptor level. Together with our previous findings, these data suggest that GRh2 may suppress GBM growth through its competition with EGFR ligands for binding to the EGFR, and binding to EGFR by GRh2 does not lead to receptor phosphorylation. Thus, our data highlight a previous unappreciated role for GRh2 to inhibit EGFR signaling. GRh2 thus appears to be a promising therapy for cancers that require EGFR signaling to growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhaojie, Shenyang, 110004, China,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Huang Q, Wang F. Inhibition of FoxO1 nuclear exclusion prevents metastasis of glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7195-200. [PMID: 24771221 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, with extremely poor patient survival. Although previous studies have demonstrated that expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in glioblastoma promotes cancer metastasis, the upstream molecular signaling cascades that control activation of MMP9 remain largely unknown. Here, we used a human glioblastoma line, A-172, to examine molecular signaling to activate MMP9. We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in A-172 cells activated MMP9, resulting in an increase in cancer invasiveness. A specific inhibitor for EGFR efficiently blocked EGF-induced activation of MMP9 and then cancer invasiveness. Moreover, an inhibitor for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 K)/protein kinase B (Akt) significantly inhibited the EGF-induced activation of MMP9. Furthermore, nuclear exclusion of a major Akt downstream target, Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), was induced by Akt activation, which could be inhibited by either an EGFR inhibitor or by PI-3 K/Akt inhibitor. An expression of a constitutive nuclear form of FoxO1 significantly inhibited MMP9 activation induced by EGF. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGF/EGFR signaling activates downstream PI-3 K/Akt to induce FoxO1 nuclear exclusion, which activates MMP9 to promote glioblastoma invasiveness. Thus, FoxO1 appears to be a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting metastasis of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Neurosurgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li S, Gao Y, Ma W, Guo W, Zhou G, Cheng T, Liu Y. EGFR signaling-dependent inhibition of glioblastoma growth by ginsenoside Rh2. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5593-8. [PMID: 24557544 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, accounting for 52 % of all functional tissue brain tumor cases and 20 % of all intracranial tumors. The typical treatment involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery, whereas it still achieves fairly poor patient survival. Ginsenoside Rh2 has been reported to have a therapeutic effect on some tumors, but its effect on glioblastoma has not been extensively evaluated. Here, we show that ginsenoside Rh2 can substantially inhibit the growth of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model. Moreover, the inhibition of the tumor growth appears to result from combined effects on decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Further analyses suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 may have its antiglioblastoma effect through inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in tumor cells. In a lose-of-function experiment, recombinant EGFR was given together with ginsenoside Rh2 to the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, which completely blocked the antitumor effects of ginsenoside Rh2. Thus, our data not only reveal an anti-glioblastoma effect of ginsenoside Rh2 but also demonstrate that this effect may function via inhibition of EGFR signaling in glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhaojie, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sobti RC, Askari M, Nikbakht M, Singh N, Sharma SC, Abitew AM. Genetic variants of EGFR (142285G>A) and ESR1 (2014G>A) gene polymorphisms and risk of breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 369:217-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
12
|
Costa BM, Viana-Pereira M, Fernandes R, Costa S, Linhares P, Vaz R, Pinheiro C, Lima J, Soares P, Silva A, Pardal F, Amorim J, Nabiço R, Almeida R, Alegria C, Pires MM, Pinheiro C, Carvalho E, Oliveira P, Lopes JM, Reis RM. Impact of EGFR Genetic Variants on Glioma Risk and Patient Outcome. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:2610-7. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
13
|
Andersson U, Schwartzbaum J, Wiklund F, Sjöström S, Liu Y, Tsavachidis S, Ahlbom A, Auvinen A, Collatz-Laier H, Feychting M, Johansen C, Kiuru A, Lönn S, Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ, Henriksson R, Bondy M, Melin B. A comprehensive study of the association between the EGFR and ERBB2 genes and glioma risk. Acta Oncol 2010; 49:767-75. [PMID: 20446891 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.480980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of adult brain tumor and glioblastoma, its most aggressive form, has a dismal prognosis. Receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, ERBB4) family, and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), play a central role in tumor progression. We investigated the genetic variants of EGFR, ERBB2, VEGFR and their ligands, EGF and VEGF on glioma and glioblastoma risk. In addition, we evaluated the association of genetic variants of a newly discovered family of genes known to interact with EGFR: LRIG2 and LRIG3 with glioma and glioblastoma risk. Methods. We analyzed 191 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) capturing all common genetic variation of EGF, EGFR, ERBB2, LRIG2, LRIG3, VEGF and VEGFR2 genes. Material from four case-control studies with 725 glioma patients (329 of who were glioblastoma patients) and their 1 610 controls was used. Haplotype analyses were conducted using SAS/Genetics software. Results. Fourteen of the SNPs were significantly associated with glioma risk at p< 0.05, and 17 of the SNPs were significantly associated with glioblastoma risk at p< 0.05. In addition, we found that one EGFR haplotype was related to increased glioblastoma risk at p=0.009, Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.67 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 2.45). The Bonferroni correction made all p-values non-significant. One SNP, rs4947986 next to the intron/exon boundary of exon 7 in EGFR, was validated in an independent data set of 713 glioblastoma and 2 236 controls, [OR] = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.06,1.91). Discussion. Previous studies show that regulation of the EGFR pathway plays a role in glioma progression but the present study is the first to find that certain genotypes of the EGFR gene may be related to glioblastoma risk. Further studies are required to reinvestigate these findings and evaluate the functional significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schwartzbaum JA, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Tsavachidis S, Berger MS, Bondy ML, Chang JS, Chang SM, Decker PA, Ding B, Hepworth SJ, Houlston RS, Hosking FJ, Jenkins RB, Kosel ML, McCoy LS, McKinney PA, Muir K, Patoka JS, Prados M, Rice T, Robertson LB, Schoemaker MJ, Shete S, Swerdlow AJ, Wiemels JL, Wiencke JK, Yang P, Wrensch MR. Inherited variation in immune genes and pathways and glioblastoma risk. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1770-7. [PMID: 20668009 PMCID: PMC2950934 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether inherited variations in immune function single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes or pathways affect glioblastoma risk, we analyzed data from recent genome-wide association studies in conjunction with predefined immune function genes and pathways. Gene and pathway analyses were conducted on two independent data sets using 6629 SNPs in 911 genes on 17 immune pathways from 525 glioblastoma cases and 602 controls from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and a subset of 6029 SNPs in 893 genes from 531 cases and 1782 controls from MD Anderson (MDA). To further assess consistency of SNP-level associations, we also compared data from the UK (266 cases and 2482 controls) and the Mayo Clinic (114 cases and 111 controls). Although three correlated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) SNPs were consistently associated with glioblastoma in all four data sets (Mantel-Haenzel P values = 1 × 10⁻⁵ to 4 × 10⁻³), independent replication is required as genome-wide significance was not attained. In gene-level analyses, eight immune function genes were significantly (minP < 0.05) associated with glioblastoma; the IL-2RA (CD25) cytokine gene had the smallest minP values in both UCSF (minP = 0.01) and MDA (minP = 0.001) data sets. The IL-2RA receptor is found on the surface of regulatory T cells potentially contributing to immunosuppression characteristic of the glioblastoma microenvironment. In pathway correlation analyses, cytokine signaling and adhesion-extravasation-migration pathways showed similar associations with glioblastoma risk in both MDA and UCSF data sets. Our findings represent the first systematic description of immune genes and pathways that characterize glioblastoma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Schwartzbaum
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gu J, Liu Y, Kyritsis AP, Bondy ML. Molecular epidemiology of primary brain tumors. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:427-35. [PMID: 19560733 PMCID: PMC5084179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although primary brain tumors (PBTs) are generally considered to be a multifactorial disorder, understanding the genetic basis and etiology of the disease is essential for PBT risk assessment. Understanding of the genetic susceptibility for PBT has come from studies of rare genetic syndromes, linkage analysis, family aggregation, early-onset pediatric cases, and mutagen sensitivity. There are currently no effective markers to assess biological dose of exposures and genetic heterogeneity. The priorities recently recommended by the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium emphasized the need for expanding research in genetics and molecular epidemiology. In this article, we review the literature to identify molecular epidemiologic case-control studies of PBTs that were hypothesis-driven and focused on four hypothesized candidate pathways: DNA repair, cell cycle, metabolism, and inflammation. We summarize the results in terms of genetic associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of these pathways. We also discuss future research directions based on available evidence and technologies, and conclude that high resolution whole genome approach with significantly large sample size could rapidly advance our understanding of the genetic etiology of PBTs. Literature searches were done on PubMed in March 2009 with the terms glioma, glioblastoma, brain tumor, association, and polymorphism, and we only reviewed English language publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- grid.240145.60000000122914776School of Health Professions, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX
| | - Yanhong Liu
- grid.240145.60000000122914776Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX
| | - Athanassios P. Kyritsis
- grid.240145.60000000122914776Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX
- grid.411740.70000000406229754Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Melissa L. Bondy
- grid.240145.60000000122914776Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX
- grid.240145.60000000122914776Department of Epidemiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler St, Unit 1340, 77030 Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hong YS, Deming SL, Gao YT, Long JR, Shu XO, Cai Q, Lu W, Zheng W. A two-stage case-control study of EGFR polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:680-3. [PMID: 19190167 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203-1738, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi JE, Park SH, Kim KM, Lee WK, Kam S, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kang YM, Kim YC, Han SB, Jung TH, Park JY. Polymorphisms in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene and the risk of primary lung cancer: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2007; 7:199. [PMID: 17956637 PMCID: PMC2129097 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene may influence EGFR production and/or activity, thereby modulating susceptibility to lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between polymorphisms in the EGFR gene and the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population. METHODS We first examined the frequencies of 39 candidate polymorphisms in the EGFR gene in 27 healthy Korean individuals. After then, we genotyped five polymorphisms (127378C>T, 142285G>A, 162093G>A, 181946C>T and 187114T>C) that have variant allele frequencies greater than 10%, in 582 lung cancer patients and in 582 healthy controls. RESULTS Of the 5 polymorphisms, the 181946C>T genotype distribution was significantly different between the cases and controls (P = 0.04). Compared with the 181946 CC + CT genotype, the 181946 TT genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.45-0.88, P = 0.007). When the analyses were stratified by smoking status, the protective effect of the TT genotype was statistically significant in ever-smokers (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41-0.86, P = 0.007), but not in never-smokers (adjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.45-1.75, P = 0.73; P = 0.08, test for homogeneity). Consistent with the results of the genotyping analysis, the CGGCT haplotype with the 181946C allele was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer compared to the CGGTT haplotype carrying the 181946T allele (adjusted OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.09-2.07, P = 0.012 and Bonferroni corrected P-value = 0.048). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the EGFR polymorphisms, particularly the 181945C>T polymorphism, could be used as markers for the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Dong In 2Ga 101, Daegu, 700-422, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang WS, Chen PM, Chiou TJ, Liu JH, Lin JK, Lin TC, Wang HS, Su Y. Epidermal growth factor receptor R497K polymorphism is a favorable prognostic factor for patients with colorectal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:3597-604. [PMID: 17575224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been shown that the R497K polymorphism of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has attenuated functions in ligand binding, tyrosine kinase activation, and growth stimulation. Because the activation of EGFR results in an unfavorable prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma, a pilot study was conducted to assess the influence of this polymorphism on colorectal carcinoma patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We retrospectively analyzed the effect of the R497K polymorphism of EGFR on clinicopathologic features in 209 colorectal carcinoma patients, including 100 with stage II/III colorectal carcinoma receiving curative surgery and the other 109 with metastatic diseases. RESULTS An excellent correlation in codon 497 statuses examined by patients' WBCs and tumor tissues was found but no significant between-group difference in patients with or without colorectal carcinoma (P = 0.97). A marked decrease on EGFR phosphorylation (P < 0.01) and c-Myc activation (P = 0.02) was observed in patients with R497K polymorphism, which is associated with decreased invasion (P = 0.01), lower nodal involvement (P = 0.02), reduced subsequent metastasis (P < 0.01), and longer disease-free (P < 0.01) as well as overall (P < 0.01) survival in stage II/III colorectal carcinoma patients who had received curative surgery. For patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma, this polymorphism was associated with a higher response to 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin treatment (P = 0.02) and a longer survival (P < 0.01). By multivariate analysis, this polymorphism was also identified as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the R497K polymorphism of the EGFR, by reducing its activation and a consequential down-regulation of its target genes, could be a key determinant for reduced tumor recurrence of stage II/III colorectal carcinoma patients receiving curative surgery and a longer survival of patients with stage II/III as well as metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shu Wang
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|