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Huang Z, Liu C, Wu Z, Xiao X, Chen Z, Huang Q, Liu D, Deng Z. Elevated platelet count is associated with decreased mortality from hemorrhagic stroke in hospital: a multi-center retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3797. [PMID: 38360953 PMCID: PMC10869352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between platelet count (PC) and mortality in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HS). The research reviewed data from 10,466 patients hospitalized in 208 hospitals in the United States from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015. Of these, 3262 HS patients were included in the primary analysis for those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The average age of these patients was 67.05 years, with 52.79% being male. The median PC was (221.67 ± 73.78) × 109/L. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PC was a protective factor for mortality in HS patients (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1.00, P < 0.05). Additionally, a non-linear association between PC and mortality in HS patients was found using a generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve fitting (penalty spline method). For the first time, a recursive algorithm identified the inflection point of platelet count as 194 × 109/L. On the left side of the inflection point, for every increase of 10 units in platelet count, the mortality rate of HS patients decreases by 10%. The study demonstrates a non-linear relationship between PC and the risk of mortality in HS patients. A platelet counts higher than the inflection point (194 × 109/L) may be a significant intervention to reduce mortality in HS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Huang
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zhanxing Wu
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zhongqin Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Dehong Liu
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Zhe Deng
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
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Seystahl K, Martinez-Majander N, Salerno A, Beyeler M, Erdur H, Marto JP, Hametner C, Zedde M, Pezzini A, Leker R, Altersberger V, Costamagna G, Serôdio M, Migliaccio L, Pascarella R, Zini A, Mannismäki L, Béjot Y, Jung S, Gensicke H, Padjen V, Ringleb PA, Nolte C, Heldner MR, Michel P, Engelter ST, Curtze S, Weller M, Wegener S. IV Thrombolysis With or Without Endovascular Treatment for Suspected Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Intracranial Tumors. Neurology 2023; 101:e1241-e1255. [PMID: 37463747 PMCID: PMC10516283 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES IV thrombolysis (IVT) for suspected ischemic stroke in patients with intracranial neoplasms is off-label. However, data on risks of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are scarce. METHODS In a multicenter registry-based analysis within the European Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaboration, we assessed frequencies of symptomatic and fatal ICH after IVT for suspected ischemic stroke in patients with intracranial tumors by descriptive statistics and analyzed associations with clinical and imaging characteristics by binary logistic regression. Definition of symptomatic ICH was based on the clinical criteria of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke-II trial including hemorrhage at any site in cranial imaging and concurrent clinical deterioration. RESULTS Screening data of 21,289 patients from 14 centers, we identified 105 patients receiving IVT; among them were 29 patients (28%) with additional endovascular treatment, with suspected, that is, imaging-based, or histologically confirmed diagnosis of intracranial tumors. Among 104 patients with CT or MRI after IVT available, symptomatic and fatal ICH were observed in 9 and 4 patients (9% and 4%, respectively). Among 82 patients with suspected or confirmed meningioma, symptomatic and fatal ICH occurred in 6 and 3 patients (7% and 4%), respectively. In 18 patients with intra-axial suspected or confirmed primary or secondary brain tumors, there was 1 symptomatic nonfatal ICH (6%). Of 4 patients with tumors of the pituitary region, 2 patients (50%) had symptomatic ICH including 1 fatal ICH (25%). Tumor size was not associated with the occurrence of symptomatic ICH (odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 0.3-24.8, p = 0.34). DISCUSSION In our dataset from routine clinical care, we provide insights on the safety of IVT for suspected ischemic stroke in patients with intracranial tumors, a population that is commonly withheld thrombolysis in clinical practice and prospective trials. Except for a potential high risk of symptomatic ICH after IVT in patients with tumors of the pituitary region, frequencies of symptomatic ICH in patients with intracranial tumors in our cohort seem to be in the upper range of rates observed in previous studies within the TRISP cooperation. These results may guide individual treatment decisions in patients with acute stroke and intracranial tumors with potential benefit of IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Seystahl
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Martinez-Majander
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Salerno
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Morin Beyeler
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Hebun Erdur
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - João Pedro Marto
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hametner
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Ronen Leker
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Valerian Altersberger
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Costamagna
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Serôdio
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Migliaccio
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Pascarella
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zini
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mannismäki
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Béjot
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jung
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Visnja Padjen
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Peter A Ringleb
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Christian Nolte
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Sami Curtze
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- From the Department of Neurology (K.S., M.W., S.W.), Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (N.M.-M., L. Mannismäki, S.C.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Stroke Center (A.S., G.C., P.M.), Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.B., S.J., M.R.H.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Graduate School for Health Sciences (M.B.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (H.E., C.N.), Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin; Center for Stroke Research (CSB) (H.E., C.N.), Berlin; and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) (H.E., C.N.), Germany; Department of Neurology (J.P.M., M.S.), Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.A.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Neurology Unit (M.Z.), Stroke Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Neurology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Italy; Department of Neurology (R.L.), Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology (V.A., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna (L. Migliaccio, A.Z.), Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna; Neuroradiology Unit (R.P.), Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Neurology (Y.B.), University Hospital Dijon, France; Neurology Clinic (V.P.), University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation (S.T.E.), Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, University of Basel and University, Felix Platter Hospital, Switzerland
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Frol S, Pretnar Oblak J, Šabovič M, Kermer P, Sever M. Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke and Concomitant Multiple Arterial Splanchnic Thromboses in a Patient with Immune Thrombocytopenia on Thrombopoietin Agonist: A Case Report. Neurol Int 2023; 15:1191-1199. [PMID: 37755365 PMCID: PMC10537946 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune blood disorder characterised by isolated severe thrombocytopenia. Arterial thrombotic events, such as acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), are rare complications. A 56-year-old woman with chronic ITP on eltrombopag and dexamethasone therapy presented to the emergency department due to AIS in the vertebrobasilar territory, and lower abdominal pain. The computed tomography (CT) scan of the head was unremarkable, whereas CT angiography revealed left vertebral artery occlusion. As the platelet count was sufficient, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) was initiated. However, after 15 min, an anaphylactic reaction occurred, which was appropriately solved. Although the IVT was prematurely stopped, the NIHSS score improved from 7 to 2, and the follow-up head CT scan remained unremarkable. CT angiography of the thoracoabdominal aorta revealed multiple thrombi in the infrarenal aorta, inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), and left renal artery. The abdominal pain subsided after IVT, but recurred within 24 h. Repeated CT angiography showed ischaemia of the descending colon, with persistent IMA occlusion. After the hemicolectomy condition stabilised. Discrete left-sided ataxia and impaired sensation were the only neurological sequelae. We found two articles reporting only three patients with ITP who suffered AIS and were treated with IVT. A favourable outcome was observed in two cases, while one patient suffered an intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and died. A review of AIS cases with undefined thrombocytopenia treated with IVT reported ICH in up to 6.8% of patients. Our case suggests that IVT for AIS may be effective in patients with ITP. Further data are needed to better clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senta Frol
- Department of Vascular Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Pretnar Oblak
- Department of Vascular Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Disorders, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pawel Kermer
- Department of Neurology, Nordwest-Krankenhaus Sanderbusch, Friesland Kliniken GmbH, 26452 Sande, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matjaž Sever
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Miao T, Yu J, Shen Q, Feng G, Ding H, Gao Y, Shen S, Zang Y, Chen X, Zheng X. Grip strength affects the association between platelet count and disability-free survival: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105026. [PMID: 37062186 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies found elevated platelet count (PLT), especially long-term persist high or increased PLT was associated with less likelihood disability-free survival (DFS). However, whether grip strength affects the relationship between them is still not elucidated. METHODS A total of 6252 participants were recruited in the analysis based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The primary outcome was DFS, evaluated by a composite endpoint based on the first occurrence of either disability (having difficulty in at least one of the 6 activities of daily living: namely, dressing, bathing, continence, eating, getting into or out of bed, and toileting) or all-cause mortality. RESULTS The association of PLT with primary outcome was significantly modified by grip strength (pinteraction = 0.022). The rates of primary outcome were significantly lower among participants with lower baseline PLT in participants with normal grip strength (multivariable odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-0.84; ptrend < 0.001), but not in those with low grip strength (multivariable OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.88-3.15; ptrend = 0.135), for the lowest quartile vs the highest quartile. Adding baseline PLT (quartiles or continuous) to a model containing conventional risk factors significantly improved risk reclassification for primary outcome among those with normal grip strength (most of p < 0.05). CONCLUSION An inverse dose-response association of PLT with DFS was found among participants with normal grip strength, but not among those with low grip strength. Low grip strength might weaken the benefit of low PLT on DFS among middle-aged and older Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong First People's Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 666 Shengli Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226006, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Immunization Program, Wuzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Huan Ding
- Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Yumeng Gao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China
| | - Suwen Shen
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China.
| | - Yuhan Zang
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Wuzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 269 Taihu West Road, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215000, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong First People's Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 666 Shengli Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226006, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
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Gao Y, Yu J, Zang Y, Feng G, Shen S, Zhong C, Zheng X. The association between long-term platelet count and disability-free survival among middle-aged and older Chinese: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1214-1224. [PMID: 37032251 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to assess the associations of baseline and long-term platelet count (PLT) with disability-free survival (DFS) among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 7296 participants were recruited in the analysis. Updated mean PLT was defined as the mean of the two PLT measurements (4 years between wave 1-3). The long-term status of PLT was defined as persistent low, attenuated, increased and persistent high PLT according to the optimal cut points from the receiver operating characteristic curves of the two PLT measurements, respectively. The primary outcome was DFS, evaluated by the first occurrence of either disability or mortality. During 6-year visit, 1579 participants experienced disability or all-cause mortality. The rates of primary outcome were significantly higher among participants with elevated baseline PLT and updated mean PLT. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of primary outcome were 1.253 (1.049-1.496) for highest baseline PLT tertile and 1.532 (1.124-2.088) for highest updated mean PLT tertile, comparing to the lowest tertiles. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression models showed a linear association of baseline PLT (plinearity < 0.001) and updated mean PLT (plinearity = 0.005) with primary outcome. Moreover, participants with persistent high PLT and increased PLT had increased risk of primary outcome (ORs [95% CIs]: 1.825 [1.282-2.597] and 1.767 [1.046-2.985], respectively), compared with the reference of those with persistent low PLT. CONCLUSION This study proved elevated baseline PLT, especially long-term persist high or increased PLT was associated with less likelihood of DFS among middle-aged and older Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Gao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Immunization Program, Wuzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Yuhan Zang
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Wuzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, China
| | - Suwen Shen
- Department of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Jiang M, Shen J, Muhammad B, Geng D. Red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio predicts early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107146. [PMID: 37148627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis and progression of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) has been demonstrated as a novel biomarker to indicate the severity of inflammatory reaction. This study aimed to explore the association between RPR before intravenous thrombolysis and early neurological deterioration (END) after thrombolysis in AIS patients. METHODS AIS patients accepting intravenous thrombolysis were recruited continuously. Postthrombolysis END was defined as death or an increase in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥4 points within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis compared to the NIHSS score before intravenous thrombolysis. We constructed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship of RPR before intravenous thrombolysis to postthrombolysis END. Moreover, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to examine the discriminative utility of RPR before intravenous thrombolysis in predicting postthrombolysis END. RESULTS A total of 235 AIS patients were included, and 31 (13.19%) subjects underwent postthrombolysis END. The univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that RPR before intravenous thrombolysis was significantly related to postthrombolysis END (odds ratio [OR], 2.162; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.605-2.912; P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding variables with P < 0.15 in the univariate logistic regression analysis, the difference remained statistically significant (OR, 2.031; 95% CI, 1.436-2.873; P < 0.001). Furthermore, an optimal cutoff value of 7.66 for RPR before intravenous thrombolysis in predicting postthrombolysis END was observed in the ROC curve analysis, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 61.3% and 81.9%, respectively (area under the curve [AUC], 0.772; 95% CI, 0.684-0.860; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RPR before intravenous thrombolysis might be an independent risk factor for postthrombolysis END in AIS patients. Elevated levels of RPR before intravenous thrombolysis may predict postthrombolysis END.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, China
| | - Bilal Muhammad
- School of Graduate, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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Fujiwara S, Sakai N, Imamura H, Ohara N, Tanaka K, Yamagami H, Matsumoto Y, Takeuchi M, Uchida K, Yoshimura S, Morimoto T. Impact of thrombocytopenia on hemorrhagic complications after endovascular therapy for acute large vessel occlusion: Sub-analysis of RESCUE-Japan registry 2. J Neurol Sci 2023; 449:120659. [PMID: 37079972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovascular treatment (EVT) for patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and concurrent thrombocytopenia raises concerns about hemorrhagic complications. We examined the association between thrombocytopenia and clinical outcomes after EVT. METHODS This is a sub-analysis of the RESCUE-Japan Registry 2, a nationwide registry that enrolled 2420 consecutive acute LVO patients. We evaluated the clinical outcomes in patients who underwent EVT according to their platelet count on admission (Moderate/Severe, < 100 × 109 /L; Mild, 100 to ≤150 × 109/L; Normal, ≥ 150 × 109/L). The outcomes included any and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after EVT, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. RESULTS Of 1268 patients who underwent EVT, the Moderate/Severe and Mild groups consisted of 41 (3.2%), and 193 (15.2%) patients. Any ICH occurred in 37%, 35%, and 24% of Moderate/Severe, Mild, and Normal group patients, respectively, and the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 1.50 (0.71-3.18) for Moderate/Severe and 1.87 (1.28-2.73) for Mild, compared to the Normal group (p for trend = 0.004). Symptomatic ICH increased with the severity of thrombocytopenia (9.8% vs 3.6% vs 2.1%), and adjusted ORs were 4.43 (1.16-17.0) in Moderate/Severe and 1.85 (0.71-4.86) in Mild (p for trend = 0.10). Mortality was significantly associated with the severity of thrombocytopenia (p for trend = 0.005), and adjusted ORs were 3.26 (1.29-8.26) in the Moderate/Severe and 2.76 (1.58-4.84) in the Mild groups. CONCLUSIONS Thrombocytopenia in LVO patients was not rare and associated with the incidence and manifestation of ICH after EVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Fujiwara
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Imamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Division of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohara
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kanta Tanaka
- Division of Stroke Care Unit, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagami
- Department of Stroke Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsumoto
- Department of Neuroendovascular Therapy, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kazutaka Uchida
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
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Leys D, Mas JL. Quelles pistes d’avenir pour le traitement de l’infarctus cérébral aigu ? Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Liu F, Jin M, Zhang Z, Gao J, Wang X. Platelet-to-Neutrophil Ratio is Related to Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients With Acute Cerebral Infarction. Neurologist 2022; 27:230-234. [PMID: 34855663 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a common complication of cerebral infarction, hemorrhagic transformation (HT) often indicates a worse clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) and HT in patients with acute cerebral infarction. METHODS Patients with HT after acute cerebral infarction were enrolled in the HT group. Matched patients with acute cerebral infarction without HT were enrolled at the same time. All patients included in this study did not receive reperfusion therapy. The PNR was obtained on the second day of admission. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the PNR and HT. RESULTS We collected data from a total of 137 patients: 61 patients with HT and 76 patients without HT. After adjusting for confounders, the PNR was independently associated with HT (odds ratio=0.922, 95% confidence interval: 0.891-0.955, P <0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that the PNR could better predict HT (area under the curve=0.808, 95% confidence interval: 0.735-0.882, P <0.05). When the cut-off value of the PNR was 50.4765, the sensitivity was 70.5%, and the specificity was 82.9%. After stratifying the PNR to 50.4765, logistic analysis was performed again. The risk of HT in patients with a low PNR was 12.995 times that of patients with a high PNR. In patients without atrial fibrillation, the PNR was still independently related to HT. CONCLUSIONS The PNR is a predictor of HT, and patients with a low PNR have a higher risk of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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10
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Chen L, Chen N, Lin Y, Ren H, Huang Q, Jiang X, Zhou X, Pan R, Ren W. Glucose to Platelet Ratio: A Potential Predictor of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2022; 12. [PMID: 36138906 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and platelet are two easily obtained clinical indicators; the present research aimed to demonstrate their association with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients without thrombolytic or thrombectomy therapy. This was a single-center retrospective study. Patients who were diagnosed with HT after AIS were included in the HT group. Meanwhile, using the propensity score matching (PSM) approach, with a ratio of 1:2, matched patients without HT were included in the non-HT group. Serum G/P levels were measured on the first morning after admission (at least eight hours after the last meal). Characteristics were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent relationship between G/P and HT after AIS, with G/P being divided into quartiles. From January 2013 to March 2022, we consecutively included 643 AIS patients with HT (426/643 [66.25%] with HI and 217/643 [33.75%] with PH), and 1282 AIS patients without HT, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The HT group had higher G/P levels than the non-HT group (0.04 ± 0.02 vs. 0.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in G/P levels between HI and PH subgroups (0.04 ± 0.02 vs. 0.04 ± 0.02, p > 0.05). Moreover, the G/P levels were divided into quartiles (Q1 ≤ 0.022; Q2 = 0.023−0.028; Q3 = 0.029−0.039; Q4 ≥ 0.040), with Q1 being settled as the reference layer. After controlling the confounders, multivariate regression analyses showed that the Q4 layer (Q4: G/P ≥ 0.040) was independently associated with elevated HT risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.31−2.63, p < 0.001). G/P levels on admission were independently associated with HT risk in AIS patients. In clinical practice, adequate attention should be paid to AIS patients with elevated G/P levels (G/P ≥ 0.040).
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11
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Sharma D, Bhaskar SMM. Prognostic Role of the Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Reperfusion Therapy: A Meta-Analysis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221110373. [PMID: 35860715 PMCID: PMC9290168 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both inflammation and thrombotic/hemostatic mechanisms may play a role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) pathogenesis, and a biomarker, such as the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), considering both mechanisms may be of clinical utility. Objectives This meta-analysis sought to examine the effect of PLR on functional outcomes, early neurological changes, bleeding complications, mortality, and adverse outcomes in AIS patients treated with reperfusion therapy (RT). Design Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Data Sources and Methods Individual studies were retrieved from the PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. References thereof were also consulted. Data were extracted using a standardised data sheet, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the association of admission (pre-RT) or delayed (post-RT) PLR with defined clinical and safety outcomes were conducted. In the case of multiple delayed PLR timepoints, the timepoint closest to 24 hours was selected. Results Eighteen studies (n=4878) were identified for the systematic review, of which 14 (n=4413) were included in the meta-analyses. PLR collected at admission was significantly negatively associated with 90-day good functional outcomes (SMD=−.32; 95% CI = −.58 to −.05; P=.020; z=−2.328), as was PLR collected at delayed timepoints (SMD=−.43; 95% CI = −.54 to −.32; P<.0001; z=−7.454). PLR at delayed timepoints was also significantly negatively associated with ENI (SMD=−.18; 95% CI = −.29 to −.08; P=.001. Conversely, the study suggested that a higher PLR at delayed timepoints may be associated with radiological bleeding and mortality. The results varied based on the type of RT administered. Conclusions A higher PLR is associated with worse outcomes after stroke in terms of morbidity, mortality, and safety outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh Sharma
- Global Health Neurology and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Sydney and Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales (UNSW), South Western Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonu M M Bhaskar
- Global Health Neurology and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Sydney and Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of New South Wales (UNSW), South Western Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurology & Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Pathology, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Falanga A, Leader A, Ambaglio C, Bagoly Z, Castaman G, Elalamy I, Lecumberri R, Niessner A, Pabinger I, Szmit S, Trinchero A, Ten Cate H, Rocca B. EHA Guidelines on Management of Antithrombotic Treatments in Thrombocytopenic Patients With Cancer. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e750. [PMID: 35924068 PMCID: PMC9281983 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer patients, thrombocytopenia can result from bone marrow infiltration or from anticancer medications and represents an important limitation for the use of antithrombotic treatments, including anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic agents. These drugs are often required for prevention or treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis or for cardioembolic prevention in atrial fibrillation in an increasingly older cancer population. Data indicate that cancer remains an independent risk factor for thrombosis even in case of thrombocytopenia, since mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia does not protect against arterial or venous thrombosis. In addition, cancer patients are at increased risk of antithrombotic drug-associated bleeding, further complicated by thrombocytopenia and acquired hemostatic defects. Furthermore, some anticancer treatments are associated with increased thrombotic risk and may generate interactions affecting the effectiveness or safety of antithrombotic drugs. In this complex scenario, the European Hematology Association in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology has produced this scientific document to provide a clinical practice guideline to help clinicians in the management of patients with cancer and thrombocytopenia. The Guidelines focus on adult patients with active cancer and a clear indication for anticoagulation, single or dual antiplatelet therapy, their combination, or reperfusion therapy, who have concurrent thrombocytopenia because of either malignancy or anticancer medications. The level of evidence and the strength of the recommendations were discussed according to a Delphi procedure and graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.
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13
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Altersberger VL, Enz LS, Sibolt G, Hametner C, Nannoni S, Heldner MR, Stolp J, Jovanovic DR, Zini A, Pezzini A, Wegener S, Cereda CW, Ntaios G, Räty S, Gumbinger C, Heyse M, Polymeris AA, Zietz A, Schaufelbuehl A, Strambo D, Padlina G, Slavova N, Tiainen M, Valkonen K, Velzen TJV, Bigliardi G, Stanarcevic P, Magoni M, Luft A, Bejot Y, Vandelli L, Padjen V, Nederkoorn PJ, Arnold M, Michel P, Ringleb PA, Curtze S, Engelter ST, Gensicke H; Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaborators. Thrombolysis in stroke patients with elevated inflammatory markers. J Neurol 2022. [PMID: 35622132 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prognostic value of white blood cell count (WBC) on functional outcome, mortality and bleeding risk in stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods In this prospective multicenter study from the TRISP registry, we assessed the association between WBC on admission and 3-month poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3–6), mortality and occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH; ECASS-II-criteria) in IVT-treated stroke patients. WBC was used as continuous and categorical variable distinguishing leukocytosis (WBC > 10 × 109/l) and leukopenia (WBC < 4 × 109/l). We calculated unadjusted/ adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (OR [95% CI]) with logistic regression models. In a subgroup, we analyzed the association of combined leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP > 10 mg/l) on outcomes. Results Of 10,813 IVT-treated patients, 2527 had leukocytosis, 112 leukopenia and 8174 normal WBC. Increasing WBC (by 1 × 109/l) predicted poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.04[1.02–1.06]) but not mortality and sICH. Leukocytosis was independently associated with poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.48[1.29–1.69]) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.60[1.35–1.89]) but not with sICH (ORadjusted 1.17[0.94–1.45]). Leukopenia did not predict any outcome. In a subgroup, combined leukocytosis and elevated CRP had the strongest association with poor outcome (ORadjusted 2.26[1.76–2.91]) and mortality (ORadjusted 2.43[1.86–3.16]) when compared to combined normal WBC and CRP. Conclusion In IVT-treated patients, leukocytosis independently predicted poor functional outcome and death. Bleeding complications after IVT were not independently associated with leukocytosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11173-0.
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14
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Li Y, Miao Y, Yu M, Zhu Y, Liang Z, Wang Z, Peng Q. Case Report: PRES-Like Syndrome With Reversible Cortical Blindness Associated With Essential Thrombocythemia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:743165. [PMID: 34603193 PMCID: PMC8484312 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.743165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are few reported cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) combined with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We report a case of PRES-like syndrome in ET. Case Report: A 60-year-old man with a history of hypertension and thrombocythemia presented with progressive visual loss after waking up; and neurological examination showed pupils were 3 mm and equally reactive to light, which suggested cortical blindness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed restricted diffusion in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the bilateral parietal and occipital lobes. Routine blood tests revealed a platelet count of 1,044 × 109/L. ET was diagnosed after exclusion of other causes. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed periodic triphasic waves in the occipital region. The lesions of the parietal and occipital lobes on MRI and periodic triphasic waves of EEG disappeared quickly, and patient's vision returned to normal after the treatment with hydroxyurea and sodium bicarbonate. The patient experienced hallucinatory palinopsia during the recovery of vision. Conclusion: ET may be a risk factor for PRES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Lin C, Pan H, Qiao Y, Huang P, Su J, Liu J. Fibrinogen Level Combined With Platelet Count for Predicting Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:716020. [PMID: 34531815 PMCID: PMC8439152 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.716020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which is potentially associated with clinical deterioration. This study examined predictors of HT following MT in AIS patients. Patients with AIS due to large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation, treated with MT and successfully recanalized (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 2b/3), were studied retrospectively. HT was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) 24 h after MT and was diagnosed and classified into parenchymal hematoma (PH) and hemorrhagic infarction (HI). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors for HT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the predictive utility of risk factors for HT. We enrolled 135 patients: 49 in the HT group and 86 in the non-HT group. The two groups differed significantly in baseline fibrinogen levels (p = 0.003) and platelet counts (p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that lower fibrinogen levels [odds ratio (OR), 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23–0.72; p = 0.002] and platelet counts (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.33–0.99; p = 0.048) were independently associated with a higher risk of HT. Together, the binary variates fibrinogen and platelets well-predicted HT (area under the curve, 0.703; specificity, 77.9%; sensitivity, 55.1%). The combination of fibrinogen <2.165 g/L and platelets <171.5 × 109/L was the strongest predictor of HT (OR, 23.17; 95% CI, 5.75–126.80; p < 0.0001). Our study suggests that lower baseline fibrinogen levels and platelet counts may be risk factors for HT in AIS patients following MT and reperfusion. Specifically, the combination of fibrinogen level and platelet count may predict the risk of HT after MT in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peisheng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Su
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Bagoly Z, Behme D, Kaesmacher J, Martinez De Lizarrondo S. Editorial: Hemostasis and Stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:737556. [PMID: 34456855 PMCID: PMC8385136 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.737556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Bagoly
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen and Eötvös Loránd Research Network-University of Debrecen Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daniel Behme
- Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Madgeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology and University Institute of Diagnostic, Pediatric and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Martinez De Lizarrondo
- INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Bd H. Becquerel, BP 5229, Caen, France
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17
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Nordanstig A, Curtze S, Gensicke H, Zinkstok SM, Erdur H, Karlsson C, Karlsson JE, Martinez-Majander N, Sibolt G, Lyrer P, Traenka C, Baharoglu MI, Scheitz JF, Bricout N, Hénon H, Leys D, Eskandari A, Michel P, Hametner C, Ringleb PA, Arnold M, Fischer U, Sarikaya H, Seiffge DJ, Pezzini A, Zini A, Padjen V, Jovanovic DR, Luft A, Wegener S, Kellert L, Feil K, Kägi G, Rentzos A, Lappalainen K, Leker RR, Cohen JE, Gomori J, Brehm A, Liman J, Psychogios M, Kastrup A, Papanagiotou P, Gralla J, Magoni M, Majoie CBLM, Bohner G, Vukasinovic I, Cvetic V, Weber J, Kulcsar Z, Bendszus M, Möhlenbruch M, Ntaios G, Kapsalaki E, Jood K, Nolte CH, Nederkoorn PJJ, Engelter S, Strbian D, Tatlisumak T. EndoVAscular treatment and ThRombolysis for Ischemic Stroke Patients (EVA-TRISP) registry: basis and methodology of a pan-European prospective ischaemic stroke revascularisation treatment registry. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042211. [PMID: 34373287 PMCID: PMC8354282 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaboration was a concerted effort initiated in 2010 with the purpose to address relevant research questions about the effectiveness and safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). The collaboration also aims to prospectively collect data on patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) and hence the name of the collaboration was changed from TRISP to EVA-TRISP. The methodology of the former TRISP registry for patients treated with IVT has already been published. This paper focuses on describing the EVT part of the registry. PARTICIPANTS All centres committed to collecting predefined variables on consecutive patients prospectively. We aim for accuracy and completeness of the data and to adapt local databases to investigate novel research questions. Herein, we introduce the methodology of a recently constructed academic investigator-initiated open collaboration EVT registry built as an extension of an existing IVT registry in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). FINDINGS TO DATE Currently, the EVA-TRISP network includes 20 stroke centres with considerable expertise in EVT and maintenance of high-quality hospital-based registries. Following several successful randomised controlled trials (RCTs), many important clinical questions remain unanswered in the (EVT) field and some of them will unlikely be investigated in future RCTs. Prospective registries with high-quality data on EVT-treated patients may help answering some of these unanswered issues, especially on safety and efficacy of EVT in specific patient subgroups. FUTURE PLANS This collaborative effort aims at addressing clinically important questions on safety and efficacy of EVT in conditions not covered by RCTs. The TRISP registry generated substantial novel data supporting stroke physicians in their daily decision making considering IVT candidate patients. While providing observational data on EVT in daily clinical practice, our future findings may likewise be hypothesis generating for future research as well as for quality improvement (on EVT). The collaboration welcomes participation of further centres willing to fulfill the commitment and the outlined requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Nordanstig
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sami Curtze
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sanne M Zinkstok
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hebun Erdur
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camilla Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden,Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gerli Sibolt
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Traenka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Merih I Baharoglu
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F Scheitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin Klinik fur Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hilde Hénon
- Department of Neurology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Didier Leys
- Department of Neurology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hametner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- Department of Neurology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hakan Sarikaya
- Department of Neurology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David J Seiffge
- Department of Neurology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Maggiore Hospital, IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Visnja Padjen
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Clinical Center of Serbia, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Dejana R Jovanovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Clinical Center of Serbia, Beograd, Serbia,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreas Luft
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Katharina Feil
- Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandros Rentzos
- Department of Radiology, Institute of clinical sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden,Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kimmo Lappalainen
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen R Leker
- Department of Neurology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Yerushalayim, Israel
| | - Jose E Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Yerushalayim, Israel
| | - John Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Yerushalayim, Israel
| | - Alex Brehm
- Department of Neurology, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Universitatsmedizin, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Jan Liman
- Department of Neurology, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Universitatsmedizin, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Marios Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Universitatsmedizin, Gottingen, Germany,Neuroradiology and Stroke Center Basel, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kastrup
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Bremen-Mitte and Bremen-Ost, Bremen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Papanagiotou
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospitals Bremen-Mitte and Bremen-Ost, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany,Department of Radiology, Areteion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jan Gralla
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Magoni
- USD Stroke Unit and Vascular Neurology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Charles B L M Majoie
- Department of Neuroradiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Bohner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivan Vukasinovic
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Cvetic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Beograd, Serbia,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Johannes Weber
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Zsolt Kulcsar
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, UniversitatsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Möhlenbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, UniversitatsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Eftychia Kapsalaki
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Volos, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department for Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul J J Nederkoorn
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Deptartment of Radiology, Areteion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athen, Greece
| | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden,Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Dourado Sotero F, Calçada A, Aguiar de Sousa D, Dias M, Fonseca AC, Pinho E Melo T, Canhão P. Mean Platelet Volume is a Prognostic Marker in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105718. [PMID: 33838517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is conflicting data regarding the association between platelet parameters and prognosis of stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. We aimed to analyze this association in a cohort of patients treated with rtPA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective, observational study in adult ischemic stroke patients treated with rtPA between January 2015 and February 2017. Demographic and clinical characteristics, stroke severity (NIHSS), etiology (TOAST), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PC), platelet distribution width (PDW) and functional outcome (mRS) at discharge and 90 days were recorded. The association between platelet parameters and unfavorable prognosis (mRS 3-6) was tested using non-parametric tests and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS 267 patients were included, 134 (50.2%) females, with a median (IQR) age of 74 years (64-82). The median admission NIHSS was 14 (8-19) and the most frequent etiology was cardioembolism (n = 115, 43.1%). At discharge, 170 (63.7%) patients had mRS 3-6. MPV values were higher in patients with mRS 3-6 (median 8.2fL versus 7.8fL, p = 0.013). This association remained significant (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.003-1.832, p = 0.048) after adjustment for variables associated with prognosis. There were no significant associations between other platelet parameters and prognosis. There was a trend to unfavorable prognosis at 90 days in patients with higher MPV. Regarding the association between platelet parameters and hemorrhagic transformation, higher PDW was associated with more severe hemorrhagic transformation (PH1/PH2). CONCLUSIONS Higher MPV values were associated with unfavorable prognosis at discharge in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Future studies should address its added value in stroke prediction models.
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19
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Tsivgoulis G, Kargiotis O, De Marchis G, Kohrmann M, Sandset EC, Karapanayiotides T, de Sousa DA, Sarraj A, Safouris A, Psychogios K, Vadikolias K, Leys D, Schellinger PD, Alexandrov AV. Off-label use of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: a critical appraisal of randomized and real-world evidence. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:1756286421997368. [PMID: 33737956 PMCID: PMC7934037 DOI: 10.1177/1756286421997368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) represents the only systemic reperfusion therapy able to reverse neurological deficit in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Despite its effectiveness in patients with or without large vessel occlusion, it can be offered only to a minority of them, because of the short therapeutic window and additional contraindications derived from stringent but arbitrary inclusion and exclusion criteria used in landmark randomized controlled clinical trials. Many absolute or relative contraindications lead to disparities between the official drug label and guidelines or expert recommendations. Based on recent advances in neuroimaging and evidence from cohort studies, off-label use of IVT is increasingly incorporated into the daily practice of many stroke centers. They relate to extension of therapeutic time windows, and expansion of indications in co-existing conditions originally listed in exclusion criteria, such as use of alternative thrombolytic agents, pre-treatment with antiplatelets, anticoagulants or low molecular weight heparins. In this narrative review, we summarize recent randomized and real-world data on the safety and efficacy of off-label use of IVT for AIS. We also make some practical recommendations to stroke physicians regarding the off-label use of thrombolytic agents in complex and uncommon presentations of AIS or other conditions mimicking acute cerebral ischemia. Finally, we provide guidance on the risks and benefits of IVT in numerous AIS subgroups, where equipoise exists and guidelines and treatment practices vary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Iras 39, Gerakas Attikis, Athens 15344, Greece
| | | | - Gianmarco De Marchis
- Neurology and Stroke Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kohrmann
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore Karapanayiotides
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diana Aguiar de Sousa
- Department of Neurosciences (Neurology), Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amrou Sarraj
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolos Safouris
- Second Department of Neurology, National & Kapodistiran University of Athens, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Vadikolias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Didier Leys
- Department of Neurology (Stroke Unit), Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, INSERM (U-1172), Lille, France
| | - Peter D Schellinger
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, UK RUB Minden, Germany
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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20
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Berge E, Whiteley W, Audebert H, De Marchis GM, Fonseca AC, Padiglioni C, de la Ossa NP, Strbian D, Tsivgoulis G, Turc G. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Eur Stroke J 2021; 6:I-LXII. [PMID: 33817340 DOI: 10.1177/2396987321989865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous thrombolysis is the only approved systemic reperfusion treatment for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. These European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to assist physicians in their clinical decisions with regard to intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. These guidelines were developed based on the ESO standard operating procedure and followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group identified relevant clinical questions, performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence, and wrote recommendations. Expert consensus statements were provided if not enough evidence was available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach. We found high quality evidence to recommend intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase to improve functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke within 4.5 h after symptom onset. We also found high quality evidence to recommend intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke on awakening from sleep, who were last seen well more than 4.5 h earlier, who have MRI DWI-FLAIR mismatch, and for whom mechanical thrombectomy is not planned. These guidelines provide further recommendations regarding patient subgroups, late time windows, imaging selection strategies, relative and absolute contraindications to alteplase, and tenecteplase. Intravenous thrombolysis remains a cornerstone of acute stroke management. Appropriate patient selection and timely treatment are crucial. Further randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to inform clinical decision-making with regard to tenecteplase and the use of intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Berge
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - William Whiteley
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heinrich Audebert
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin & Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gian Marco De Marchis
- University Hospital of Basel & University of Basel, Department for Neurology & Stroke Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (Neurology), Hospital Santa Maria-CHLN, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Chiara Padiglioni
- Neurology Unit-Stroke Unit, Gubbio/Gualdo Tadino and Città di Castello Hospitals, USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Strbian
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Department of Neurology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hopital Sainte-Anne, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1266.,FHU NeuroVasc
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21
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Maïer B, Desilles JP, Mazighi M. Intracranial Hemorrhage After Reperfusion Therapies in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Front Neurol 2020; 11:599908. [PMID: 33362701 PMCID: PMC7759548 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.599908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion therapies are the mainstay of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatments and overall improve functional outcome. Among the established complications of intravenous (IV) tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is by far the most feared and has been extensively described by seminal works over the last two decades. Indeed, IV tPA is associated with increased odds of any ICH and symptomatic ICH responsible for increased mortality rate during the first week after an AIS. Despite these results, IV tPA has been found beneficial in several pioneering randomized trials and improves functional outcome at 3 months. Endovascular therapy (EVT) combined with IV tPA for AIS patients consecutive to an anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion does not increase ICH occurrence. Of note, EVT following IV tPA leads to significantly higher rates of early reperfusion than with IV tPA alone, with no difference in ICH, which challenges the paradigm of reperfusion as a major prognostic factor for ICH complications. However, several blood biomarkers (glycemia, platelet and neutrophil count), clinical factors (age, AIS severity, blood pressure management, diabetes mellitus), and neuroradiological factors (cerebral microbleeds, infarct size) have been identified as risk factors for ICH after reperfusion therapy. In the years to come, the ultimate goal will be to further improve either reperfusion rates and functional outcome, while reducing hemorrhagic complications. To this end, various approaches being investigated are discussed in this review, such as blood-pressure control after reperfusion or the use of new antiplatelet agents as an adjunct to IV tPA and exhibit reduced hemorrhagic potential during the early phase of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Maïer
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, Paris, France
| | - Jean Philippe Desilles
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, Paris, France
| | - Mikael Mazighi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, Paris, France
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22
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Cappellari M, Pracucci G, Forlivesi S, Saia V, Limbucci N, Nencini P, Inzitari D, Da Ros V, Sallustio F, Vallone S, Bigliardi G, Zini A, Vinci SL, Dell'Aera C, Bracco S, Cioni S, Tassi R, Bergui M, Naldi A, Carità G, Azzini C, Casetta I, Gasparotti R, Magoni M, Castellan L, Finocchi C, Menozzi R, Scoditti U, Causin F, Viaro F, Puglielli E, Casalena A, Ruggiero M, Biguzzi S, Castellano D, Cavallo R, Lazzarotti GA, Orlandi G, Sgreccia A, Denaro MF, Cavasin N, Critelli A, Ciceri EFM, Bonetti B, Chiumarulo L, Petruzzelli M, Pellegrino C, Carimati F, Burdi N, Prontera MP, Auteri W, Petrone A, Guidetti G, Nicolini E, Ganci G, Sugo A, Filauri P, Sacco S, Squassina G, Invernizzi P, Nuzzi NP, Corato M, Amistà P, Gentile M, Barbero S, Schirru F, Craparo G, Mannino M, Simonetti L, Mangiafico S, Toni D. Direct thrombectomy for stroke in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for thrombolysis. J Neurol 2020; 267:3731-3740. [PMID: 32712865 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT)-ineligible patients undergoing direct thrombectomy tended to have poorer functional outcome as compared with IVT-eligible patients undergoing bridging therapy. We aimed to assess radiological and functional outcomes in large vessel occlusion-related stroke patients receiving direct thrombectomy in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT vs relative exclusion criteria for IVT and vs non-exclusion criteria for IVT. METHODS A cohort study on prospectively collected data from 2282 patients enrolled in the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke cohort for treatment with direct thrombectomy (n = 486, absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone; n = 384, absolute in combination with relative exclusion criteria for IVT; n = 777, relative exclusion criteria for IVT alone; n = 635, non-exclusion criteria for IVT). RESULTS After adjustment for unbalanced variables (model 1), ORs for 3-month death was higher in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs relative exclusion criteria for IVT alone) (1.595, 95% CI 1.042-2.440) and in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs non-exclusion criteria for IVT) (1.235, 95% CI 1.014-1.504). After adjustment for predefined variables (model 2: age, sex, pre-stroke mRS ≤ 1, NIHSS, occlusion in the anterior circulation, onset-to-groin time, and procedure time), ORs for 3-month death was higher in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs relative exclusion criteria for IVT alone) (1.235, 95% CI 1.014-1.504) and in the presence of absolute exclusion criteria for IVT alone (vs non-exclusion criteria for IVT) (1.246, 95% CI 1.039-1.495). No significant difference was found between the groups as regards any type of intracerebral hemorrhage and parenchymal hematoma within 24 h, successful and complete recanalization after procedure, and modified Rankin Scale score 0-2 at 3 months. After adjustment for predefined variables of model 2, ORs for death were higher in the presence of recent administration of IV heparin (OR: 2.077), platelet count < 100,000/mm3 (OR: 4.798), bacterial endocarditis (OR: 15.069), neoplasm with increased hemorrhagic risk (OR: 6.046), and severe liver disease (OR: 6.124). CONCLUSIONS Radiological outcomes were similar after direct thrombectomy in patients with absolute, relative, and non- exclusion criteria for IVT, while an increase of fatal outcome was observed in the presence of some absolute exclusion criterion for IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cappellari
- USD Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Forlivesi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Vallone
- Ospedale Civile S.Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Guido Bigliardi
- Ospedale Civile S.Agostino-Estense-University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandra Bracco
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Cioni
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Rossana Tassi
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Scotte-University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Mauro Bergui
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Naldi
- Città della Salute e della Scienza-Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Bonetti
- USD Stroke Unit, DAI di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pietro Filauri
- Presidio Ospedaliero SS. Filippo e Nicola, Avezzano, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Presidio Ospedaliero SS. Filippo e Nicola, Avezzano, Italy
| | - Guido Squassina
- Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Gentile
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Simonetti
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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23
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Shen S, Zhong C, Wang A, Han L, Zhu Z, Peng Y, Peng H, Guo D, Zheng X, Xu T, Chen J, Ju Z, Geng D, Zhang Y, He J. Influence of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 mass on prognosis value of baseline platelet count for clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis 2020; 306:50-56. [PMID: 32688104 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to examine the association between baseline platelet count (PLT) and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke according to lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass. METHODS A total of 3254 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in this analysis. The primary outcome was a combination of major disability and all-cause mortality (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months after stroke. Secondary outcome was major disability and all-cause mortality, respectively. RESULTS The prognosis value of PLT for primary outcome was significantly modified by Lp-PLA2 mass (pinteraction = 0.002). After multivariate adjustment, elevated PLT was associated with the increased risk of primary outcome in patients with high Lp-PLA2 mass (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.48; ptrend = 0.002), but not in those with low Lp-PLA2 mass (OR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.62-1.42; ptrend = 0.181), when comparing two extreme PLT quartiles. A similar association was found between elevated PLT and major disability (pinteraction = 0.001). Elevated PLT was associated with increased risk of major disability only in patients with high Lp-PLA2 mass (OR, 1.54; 95%CI, 1.03-2.31; ptrend = 0.007), for the highest quartile vs the lowest quartile. Each 100 × 109/L increment in PLT was associated with 42% (95%CI, 12%-79%) increased risk of primary outcome and 33% (95%CI, 6%-68%) increased risk of major disability in those with high Lp-PLA2 mass. CONCLUSIONS The elevated PLT was associated with poor prognosis of acute ischemic stroke only in patients with high Lp-PLA2 mass. Lp-PLA2 might be an important factor influencing the prognosis value of PLT for clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yanbo Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Daoxia Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhong Ju
- Department of Neurology, Kerqin District First People's Hospital of Tongliao City, Tongliao, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Alrohimi A, Purdy K, Alqarni M, Alotaibi G, Blevins G, Butcher K, Rempel J, Wu C, Sun HL, Khan K. The Clinical Conundrum of Managing Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia. Can J Neurol Sci 2021; 48:38-46. [PMID: 32646527 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Guidelines are lacking for management of acute ischemic stroke and stroke prevention in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Our aim is to highlight the dilemma inherent in managing patients with both significant bleeding and thrombotic risk factors. In this review, we present two patients with history of ITP who presented with acute ischemic stroke and received tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), a rare management strategy in this patient population. In addition, we identified 27 case reports of ischemic stroke in patients with ITP; none of them received tPA or EVT. Furthermore, there are 92 patients with significant thrombocytopenia with no available data regarding the cause of thrombocytopenia, who were acutely treated with tPA or EVT. Conclusive evidence cannot be determined based on these limited number of cases. Future multicenter prospective cohort studies in patients with ITP are needed to provide better evidence-based treatment plans. At present, treatment of acute ischemic stroke in patients with ITP requires close collaboration between hematology and vascular neurology experts to find a balance between the benefit and risk of hemorrhagic complications.
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Westphal LP, Widmer R, Held U, Steigmiller K, Hametner C, Ringleb P, Curtze S, Martinez-Majander N, Tiainen M, Nolte CH, Scheitz JF, Erdur H, Polymeris AA, Traenka C, Eskandari A, Michel P, Heldner MR, Arnold M, Zini A, Vandelli L, Coutinho JM, Groot AE, Padjen V, Jovanovic DR, Bejot Y, Brenière C, Turc G, Seners P, Pezzini A, Magoni M, Leys D, Gilliot S, Scherrer MJ, Kägi G, Luft AR, Gensicke H, Nederkoorn P, Tatlisumak T, Engelter ST, Wegener S. Association of prestroke metformin use, stroke severity, and thrombolysis outcome. Neurology 2020; 95:e362-e373. [PMID: 32601121 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether pretreatment with metformin (MET) is associated with less stroke severity and better outcome after IV thrombolysis (IVT), we analyzed a cohort of 1,919 patients with stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a multicenter exploratory analysis. METHODS Data from patients with diabetes and ischemic stroke treated with IVT were collected within the European Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaboration. We applied propensity score matching (PSM) to obtain balanced baseline characteristics of patients treated with and without MET. RESULTS Of 1,919 patients with stroke with type 2 diabetes who underwent IVT, 757 (39%) had received MET before stroke (MET+), whereas 1,162 (61%) had not (MET-). MET+ patients were younger with a male preponderance. Hypercholesterolemia and pretreatment with statins, antiplatelets, or antihypertensives were more common in the MET+ group. After PSM, the 2 groups were well balanced with respect to demographic and clinical aspects. Stroke severity on admission (NIH Stroke Scale 10.0 ± 6.7 vs 11.3 ± 6.5), 3-month degree of independence on modified Rankin Scale (2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.0-4.0] vs 3 [IQR 1.0-4.0]), as well as mortality (12.5% vs 18%) were significantly lower in the MET+ group. The frequency of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages did not differ between groups. HbA1c levels were well-balanced between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with stroke and diabetes on treatment with MET receiving IVT had less severe strokes on admission and a better functional outcome at 3 months. This suggests a protective effect of MET resulting in less severe strokes as well as beneficial thrombolysis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Westphal
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roni Widmer
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Held
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Steigmiller
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hametner
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Ringleb
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sami Curtze
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Martinez-Majander
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian H Nolte
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan F Scheitz
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hebun Erdur
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandros A Polymeris
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Traenka
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zini
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Vandelli
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrien E Groot
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Visnja Padjen
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dejana R Jovanovic
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Bejot
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Brenière
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Turc
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Seners
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Magoni
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Leys
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sixtine Gilliot
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Scherrer
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas R Luft
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Nederkoorn
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- From the Department of Neurology (L.P.W., R.W., A.R.L., S.W.), University Hospital Zurich; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics (U.H., K.S.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (C.H., P.R.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology (S.C., N.M.-M., M.T.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research (C.H.N., J.F.S., H.E.), Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Stroke Center and Neurology (A.A.P., C.T., H.G., S.T.E.), University Hospital Basel and University Basel; Department of Neurology (A.E., P.M.), University Hospital Lausanne; Department of Neurology (M.R.H., M.A.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z.), IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Maggiore Hospital; Stroke Unit (L.V.), Department of Neuroscience, S'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Modena University Hospital, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.M.C., A.E.G., P.N.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Neurology Clinic Belgrade (V.P., D.R.J.), Clinical Centre of Serbia; Medical Faculty (D.R.J.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurology (Y.B., C.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy; Department of Neurology (G.T., P.S.), Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.P.), Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia; Stroke Unit (M.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Department of Neurology (D.L., S.G.), University Hospital of Lille, France; Department of Neurology (M.J.S., G.K.), St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (T.T.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (T.T.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden; and Neurorehabilitation Unit (S.T.E.), University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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26
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Altersberger VL, Kellert L, Al Sultan AS, Martinez-Majander N, Hametner C, Eskandari A, Heldner MR, van den Berg SA, Zini A, Padjen V, Kägi G, Pezzini A, Polymeris A, DeMarchis GM, Tiainen M, Räty S, Nannoni S, Jung S, Zonneveld TP, Maffei S, Bonati L, Lyrer P, Sibolt G, Ringleb PA, Arnold M, Michel P, Curtze S, Nederkoorn PJ, Engelter ST, Gensicke H. Effect of haemoglobin levels on outcome in intravenous thrombolysis-treated stroke patients. Eur Stroke J 2020; 5:138-147. [PMID: 32637647 PMCID: PMC7313367 DOI: 10.1177/2396987319889468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in haemoglobin levels are frequent in stroke patients. The prognostic meaning of anaemia and polyglobulia on outcomes in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis is ambiguous. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective multicentre, intravenous thrombolysis register-based study, we compared haemoglobin levels on hospital admission with three-month poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3-6), mortality and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II-criteria (ECASS-II-criteria)). Haemoglobin level was used as continuous and categorical variable distinguishing anaemia (female: <12 g/dl; male: <13 g/dl) and polyglobulia (female: >15.5 g/dl; male: >17 g/dl). Anaemia was subdivided into mild and moderate/severe (female/male: <11 g/dl). Normal haemoglobin level (female: 12.0-15.5 g/dl, male: 13.0-17.0 g/dl) served as reference group. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated with logistic regression models. RESULTS Among 6866 intravenous thrombolysis-treated stroke patients, 5448 (79.3%) had normal haemoglobin level, 1232 (17.9%) anaemia - of those 903 (13.2%) had mild and 329 (4.8%) moderate/severe anaemia - and 186 (2.7%) polyglobulia. Anaemia was associated with poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.25 (1.05-1.48)) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.58 (1.27-1.95)). In anaemia subgroups, both mild and moderate/severe anaemia independently predicted poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.29 (1.07-1.55) and 1.48 (1.09-2.02)) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.45 (1.15-1.84) and ORadjusted 2.00 (1.46-2.75)). Each haemoglobin level decrease by 1 g/dl independently increased the risk of poor outcome (ORadjusted 1.07 (1.02-1.11)) and mortality (ORadjusted 1.08 (1.02-1.15)). Anaemia was not associated with occurrence of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage. Polyglobulia did not change any outcome. DISCUSSION The more severe the anaemia, the higher the probability of poor outcome and death. Severe anaemia might be a target for interventions in hyperacute stroke. CONCLUSION Anaemia on admission, but not polyglobulia, is a strong and independent predictor of poor outcome and mortality in intravenous thrombolysis-treated stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian L Altersberger
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Hametner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashraf Eskandari
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie A van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Zini
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Visnja Padjen
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alexandros Polymeris
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gian M DeMarchis
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja Räty
- Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Zonneveld
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefania Maffei
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Leo Bonati
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Lyrer
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerli Sibolt
- Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter A Ringleb
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sami Curtze
- Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul J Nederkoorn
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - for the Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaborators
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Beograd, Serbia
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Lieschke F, Zheng Y, Schaefer JH, van Leyen K, Foerch C. Measurement of Platelet Function in an Experimental Stroke Model With Aspirin and Clopidogrel Treatment. Front Neurol 2020; 11:85. [PMID: 32117036 PMCID: PMC7026492 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT) increases the risk of tPA-associated hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in ischemic stroke. To investigate the effects of DAPT in rodents, reliable indicators of platelet function utilizing a minimally invasive procedure are required. We here established a fluorescence-based assay to monitor DAPT efficiency in a mouse model of ischemic stroke with HT. Male C57/BL6 mice were fed with aspirin and clopidogrel (ASA+CPG). Venous blood was collected, stimulated with thrombin, labeled with anti-CD41-FITC and anti-CD62P-PE, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Subsequently, animals were subjected to experimental stroke and tail bleeding tests. HT was quantified using NIH ImageJ software. In ASA+CPG mice, the platelet activation marker CD62P was reduced by 40.6 ± 4.2% (p < 0.0001) compared to controls. In vitro platelet function correlated inversely with tail bleeding tests (r = −0.8, p = 0.0033, n = 12). Twenty-four hours after drug withdrawal, platelet activation rates in ASA+CPG mice were still reduced by 20.2 ± 4.1% (p = 0.0026) compared to controls, while tail bleeding volumes were increased by 4.0 ± 1.4 μl (p = 0.004). Conventional tests using light transmission aggregometry require large amounts of blood and thus cannot be used in experimental stroke studies. In contrast, flow cytometry is a highly sensitive method that utilizes small volumes and can easily be incorporated into the experimental stroke workflow. Our test can be used to monitor the inhibitory effects of DAPT in mice. Reduced platelet activation is indicative of an increased risk for tPA-associated cerebral hemorrhage following experimental stroke. The test can be applied to individual animals and implemented flexibly prior and subsequent to experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lieschke
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Jan Hendrik Schaefer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Christian Foerch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Yang M, Pan Y, Li Z, Yan H, Zhao X, Liu L, Jing J, Meng X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Platelet Count Predicts Adverse Clinical Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke or TIA: Subgroup Analysis of CNSR II. Front Neurol 2019; 10:370. [PMID: 31031698 PMCID: PMC6473473 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The clinical significance of platelet count (PC) for ischemic cerebrovascular disease is not well-established and further risk stratification according to baseline PC within normal range has not been reported before. We aim to evaluate the prognostic effect of baseline circulating PC within normal range on the risk of long-term recurrent stroke, mortality and functional outcomes after ischemic stroke or TIA. Methods: We derived data from eligible patients with ischemic stroke or TIA from the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR) II. Participants were divided into quintiles according to baseline PC within normal range (100–450 × 109/L). Multivariable cox regression and logistic regression were adopted to explore the correlation of baseline PC with recurrent stroke, mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 3~6) within 1-year follow-up. Results: Among the16842 eligible participants, the average age was 64.7 ± 11.9, 1,241 (7.4%) had recurrent stroke, 1,377 (8.2%) died, and 3,557 (21.1%) ended up with poor functional outcomes after 1-year follow-up. Compared with the third PC quintile (186–212 × 109/L), patients in the top quintile (249–450 × 109/L) presented with increased risk of recurrent stroke (adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, [1.02–1.45]), all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.43, [1.19–1.73]), and poor functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 1.49, [1.28–1.74]), while patients in the lowest PC quintile(100–155 × 109/L) had higher risk of poor functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 1.19, [1.02–1.38]). Conclusion: In ischemic stroke or TIA patients with platelet count within normal range, platelet count may be a qualified predictor for long-term recurrent stroke, mortality, and poor functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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Mönch S, Boeckh-Behrens T, Kreiser K, Blüm P, Hedderich D, Maegerlein C, Berndt M, Lehm M, Wunderlich S, Zimmer C, Friedrich B. Thrombocytopenia and declines in platelet counts: predictors of mortality and outcome after mechanical thrombectomy. J Neurol 2019; 266:1588-95. [PMID: 30915545 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has well-known risk factors. The role of platelets in patients treated using mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to study if there is an association of initial thrombocytopenia (TP) and a decline of platelets counts (DPC) with the clinical outcomes, mortality and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) rates in AIS patients treated with MT. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a case-control study consecutive MT-stroke patients were analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to test for good clinical outcome (mRS 90 days <= 2) and mortality adjusting for age, initial NIHSS, pretreatment with tPA, statins and platelet inhibitors, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to recanalization, initial TP (< 150 × 109/L) and DPC (> 26%). Additionally, rates of ICH were compared. RESULTS Of 294 patients included, 9.6% had an initial TP and 23.8% a DPC > 26%. The mortality rate in patients with normal platelet counts was 26.1% vs. 48.3% (p = 0.002) in patients with initial TP with an aOR of 3.47 (CI 1.28-9.4, p = 0.005). No difference regarding the rate of good clinical outcome (p = 0.204) and ICH (p = 0.18) was observed. A DPC of more than 26% during the first 5 days of hospitalization predicted the rate of mortality (aOR 2.4 CI 1.14-5.04, p = 0.021) and the chances of a good clinical outcome (aOR 0.291 CI 0.128-0.666, p = 0.003) without significant differences of ICH rates (p = 0.735). CONCLUSION In AIS patients treated with MT an initial TP was independently associated with higher mortality rates and a marked DPC with higher mortality rates as well as poorer clinical outcomes.
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30
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Intravenous thrombolysis and platelet count. Neurology 2018; 91:852-852. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Scheitz JF, Gensicke H, Zinkstok SM, Curtze S, Arnold M, Hametner C, Pezzini A, Turc G, Zini A, Padjen V, Wegener S, Nordanstig A, Kellert L, Kägi G, Bejot Y, Michel P, Leys D, Nolte CH, Nederkoorn PJ, Engelter ST. Cohort profile: Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP): a multicentre research collaboration. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023265. [PMID: 30224398 PMCID: PMC6150152 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The ThRombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients (TRISP) collaboration aims to address clinically relevant questions about safety and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy. The findings can provide observational information on treatment of patients derived from everyday clinical practice. PARTICIPANTS TRISP is an open, investigator-driven collaborative research initiative of European stroke centres with expertise in treatment with revascularisation therapies and maintenance of hospital-based registries. All participating centres made a commitment to prospectively collect data on consecutive patients with stroke treated with IVT using standardised definitions of variables and outcomes, to assure accuracy and completeness of the data and to adapt their local databases to answer novel research questions. FINDINGS TO DATE Currently, TRISP comprises 18 centres and registers >10 000 IVT-treated patients. Prior TRISP projects provided evidence on the safety and functional outcome in relevant subgroups of patients who were excluded, under-represented or not specifically addressed in randomised controlled trials (ie, pre-existing disability, cervical artery dissections, stroke mimics, prior statin use), demonstrated deficits in organisation of acute stroke care (ie, IVT during non-working hours, effects of onset-to-door time on onset-to-needle time), evaluated the association between laboratory findings on outcome after IVT and served to develop risk estimation tools for prediction of haemorrhagic complications and functional outcome after IVT. FUTURE PLANS Further TRISP projects to increase knowledge of the effect and safety of revascularisation therapies in acute stroke are ongoing. TRISP welcomes participation and project proposals of further centres fulfilling the outlined requirements. In the future, TRISP will be extended to include patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Scheitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sanne M Zinkstok
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sami Curtze
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, lnselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Hametner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Zini
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Nuovo Ospedale Civile S. Agostino-Estense, University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Visnja Padjen
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrad, Serbia
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Nordanstig
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University, München, Germany
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Bejot
- Dijon Stroke Registry, EA4184, University Hospital and Medical School of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Patrik Michel
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Leys
- Department of Neurology, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christian H Nolte
- Department of Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul J Nederkoorn
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Basel and University Center for Medicine of Aging and Rehabilitation, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Çetiner M, Aydin HE, Güler M, Canbaz Kabay S, Zorlu Y. Predictive Factors for Functional Outcomes After Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:171S-177S. [PMID: 30213193 PMCID: PMC6714831 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618796317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study is to detect the patient group that will most benefit
from intravenous (IV) thrombolytic therapy by showing predictive factors of good
functional outcomes. The present study covers 88 patients who were admitted to
our clinic within the first 4.5 hours from the onset of stroke symptoms,
diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and who received IV thrombolytic therapy
between May 2014 and June 2017 as a result of a retrospective analysis of a
database prospectively collected. The patients with a score of ≤2 on modified
Rankin scale within 3 months were accepted as good functional outcome and those
with a score of >2 were accepted as poor functional outcome. As a result,
within the period of 3 months posttreatment, good functional outcomes were
obtained in 45 (51.1%) patients and poor functional outcomes were obtained in 43
(48.9%) patients. In comparisons, cardioembolic stroke group was statistically
significantly higher in the good functional outcome group (P =
.03). Pretreatment National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores
(P < .001), presence of proximal hyperintense middle
cerebral artery sign in noncontrast computed brain tomography
(P = .03), and being aged ≥80 and older (P
= .04) were markedly higher in the group with poor functional outcomes. In
conclusion, our study demonstrated that cardioembolic strokes may have an impact
on good functional outcomes and being aged 80 and older, presence of proximal
HMCAS in computed brain tomography, and pretreatment NIHSS scores may have an
impact on poor functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çetiner
- Department of Neurology, Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Emre Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Merve Güler
- Department of Neurology, Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Sibel Canbaz Kabay
- Department of Neurology, Dumlupınar University Faculty of Medicine, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Zorlu
- Department of Neurology, Ministry of Health Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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