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Pickford J, Iosif CI, Bashir ZI, Apps R. Inhibiting cholinergic signalling in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus impairs motor behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2208-2224. [PMID: 37455360 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of neuromodulators in the cerebellum is not well understood. In particular, the behavioural significance of the cholinergic system in the cerebellum is unknown. To investigate the importance of cerebellar cholinergic signalling in behaviour, we infused acetylcholine receptor antagonists, scopolamine and mecamylamine, bilaterally into the rat cerebellum (centred on interpositus nucleus) and observed the motor effects through a battery of behavioural tests. These tests included unrewarded behaviour during open field exploration and a horizontal ladder walking task and reward-based beam walking and pellet reaching tasks. Infusion of a mix of the antagonists did not impair motor learning in the horizontal ladder walking or the reaching task but reduced spontaneous movement during open field exploration, impaired coordination during beam walking and ladder walking, led to fewer reaches in the pellet reaching task, slowed goal-directed reaching behaviour and reduced reward pellet consumption in a free access to food task. Infusion of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine on its own resulted in deficits in motor performance and a reduction in the number of reward pellets consumed in the free access to food task. By contrast, infusion of the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine on its own had no significant effect on any task, except beam walking traversal time, which was reduced. Together, these data suggest that acetylcholine in the cerebellar interpositus nucleus is important for the execution and coordination of voluntary movements mainly via muscarinic receptor signalling, especially in relation to reward-related behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pickford
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cristiana I Iosif
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zafar I Bashir
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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2
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Ye Z, Zeng Q, Ning L, Huang W, Su Q. Systolic blood pressure is associated with abnormal alterations in brain cortical structure: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 120:92-98. [PMID: 37852841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has been recognized as a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive decline. However, the specific impact of hypertension, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) on brain cortical structure remains unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) provides a robust approach to investigate the causal relationship between blood pressure components and brain cortical changes. METHODS In this MR study, data from large-scale genome-wide association studies for blood pressure components and neuroimaging were utilized to conduct our analyses. We leveraged genetic variants associated specifically with hypertension (122,620 cases and 332,683 controls), systolic (469,767 individuals), diastolic (490,469 individuals) blood pressure, PP (810,865 individuals) and MAP (over 1 million individuals) to evaluate their effects on brain cortex surficial area (51,665 individuals) and cortex thickness (51,665 individuals). RESULTS Our findings revealed a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and abnormal reduction in brain cortex surficial area (β=-1330.69, 95% confident interval [CI]: -2655.35 to -6.02, p = 0.0489); however, no significant relationship was found between systolic blood pressure and brain cortex thickness (β=-0.0078, 95% CI: -0.0178 to 0.0022, p = 0.1287). Additionally, no significant associations were observed between hypertension (β=-200.05, p = 0.6884; β=-0.0051, p = 0.1179, respectively), diastolic blood pressure (β=-460.63, p = 0.5160; β=0.0047, p = 0.2448, respectively), PP (β=1041.84, p = 0.3725; β=-0.0112, p = 0.2212, respectively), MAP (β=-18.84, p = 0.8841; β=0.0002, p = 0.7654, respectively) and both brain cortex surficial area and brain cortex thickness. CONCLUSION Our MR study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that systolic blood pressure, rather than diastolic blood pressure, PP or MAP, is associated with abnormal changes in brain cortical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Limeng Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wanzhong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 85 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
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3
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Wickens RH, Postuma RB, de Villers-Sidani É, Pelletier A, Blinder S, Gagnon JF, Soucy JP, Montplaisir J, Bedard MA. Increased brain cholinergic innervation in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder from prodromal multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 117:105923. [PMID: 37939636 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah H Wickens
- NeuroQAM Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Amélie Pelletier
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephan Blinder
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- NeuroQAM Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bedard
- NeuroQAM Research Center, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, QC, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Wan L, Zhu S, Chen Z, Qiu R, Tang B, Jiang H. Multidimensional biomarkers for multiple system atrophy: an update and future directions. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:38. [PMID: 37501056 PMCID: PMC10375766 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease. Biomarkers are urgently required for MSA to improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in clinic and facilitate the development and monitoring of disease-modifying therapies. In recent years, significant research efforts have been made in exploring multidimensional biomarkers for MSA. However, currently few biomarkers are available in clinic. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest advances in multidimensional biomarkers for MSA, including biomarkers in fluids, tissues and gut microbiota as well as imaging biomarkers. Future directions for exploration of novel biomarkers and promotion of implementation in clinic are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Sudan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National International Collaborative Research Center for Medical Metabolomics, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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5
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Wang M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Luan M, Zhong M, Xu L, Zheng X. A case report and literature review of possible multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type with cholinergic deficiency. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023. [PMID: 37122149 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuyuan Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Moxin Luan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixiang Zhong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueping Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Horsager J, Okkels N, Hansen AK, Damholdt MF, Andersen KH, Fedorova TD, Munk OL, Danielsen EH, Pavese N, Brooks DJ, Borghammer P. Mapping Cholinergic Synaptic Loss in Parkinson's Disease: An [18F]FEOBV PET Case-Control Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2493-2506. [PMID: 36336941 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic degeneration is strongly associated with cognitive decline in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) but may also cause motor symptoms and olfactory dysfunction. Regional differences are striking and may reflect different PD related symptoms and disease progression patterns. OBJECTIVE To map and quantify the regional cerebral cholinergic alterations in non-demented PD patients. METHODS We included 15 non-demented PD patients in early-moderate disease stage and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for [18F]FEOBV positron emission tomography imaging. We quantitated regional variations using VOI-based analyses which were supported by a vertex-wise cluster analysis. Correlations between imaging data and clinical and neuropsychological data were explored. RESULTS We found significantly decreased [18F]FEOBV uptake in global neocortex (38%, p = 0.0002). The most severe reductions were seen in occipital and posterior temporo-parietal regions (p < 0.0001). The vertex-wise cluster analysis corroborated these findings. All subcortical structures showed modest non-significant reductions. Motor symptoms (postural instability and gait difficulty) and cognition (executive function and composite z-score) correlated with regional [18F]FEOBV uptake (thalamus and cingulate cortex/insula/hippocampus, respectively), but the correlations were not statistically significant after multiple comparison correction. A strong correlation was found between interhemispheric [18F]FEOBV asymmetry, and motor symptom asymmetry of the extremities (r = 0.84, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Cortical cholinergic degeneration is prominent in non-demented PD patients, but more subtle in subcortical structures. Regional differences suggest uneven involvement of cholinergic nuclei in the brain and may represent a window to follow disease progression. The correlation between asymmetric motor symptoms and neocortical [18F]FEOBV asymmetry indicates that unilateral cholinergic degeneration parallels ipsilateral dopaminergic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Horsager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Okkels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan K Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Katrine H Andersen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tatyana D Fedorova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik H Danielsen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Differential cholinergic systems' changes in progressive supranuclear palsy versus Parkinson's disease: an exploratory analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1469-1479. [PMID: 36222971 PMCID: PMC10017092 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies indicate more severe brainstem cholinergic deficits in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) compared to Parkinson's disease (PD), but the extent and topography of subcortical deficits remains poorly understood. The objective of this study is to investigate differential cholinergic systems changes in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n = 8) versus Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 107) and older controls (n = 19) using vesicular acetylcholine transporter [18F]-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (FEOBV) positron emission tomography (PET). A whole-brain voxel-based PET analysis using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software (SPM12) for inter-group comparisons using parametric [18F]-FEOBV DVR images. Voxel-based analyses showed lower FEOBV binding in the tectum, metathalamus, epithalamus, pulvinar, bilateral frontal opercula, anterior insulae, superior temporal pole, anterior cingulum, some striatal subregions, lower brainstem, and cerebellum in PSP versus PD (p < 0.05; false discovery rate-corrected). More severe and diffuse reductions were present in PSP vs controls. Higher frequency of midbrain cholinergic losses was seen in PSP compared to the PD participants using 5th percentile normative cut-off values (χ2 = 4.12, p < 0.05). When compared to PD, these findings suggested disease-specific cholinergic vulnerability in the tectum, striatal cholinergic interneurons, and projections from the pedunculopontine nucleus, medial vestibular nucleus, and the cholinergic forebrain in PSP.
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8
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Cheng Y, Yang H, Liu WV, Wen Z, Chen J. Alterations of brain activity in multiple system atrophy patients with freezing of gait: A resting-state fMRI study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:954332. [PMID: 36051644 PMCID: PMC9425908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.954332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freezing of gait (FOG) in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by a higher risk of falls and a reduced quality of life; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects have yet to be identified by neuroimaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in functional network when compared between MSA patients with and without freezing. Methods Degree centrality (DC) based on the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was computed in 65 patients with MSA and 36 healthy controls. Brain regions with statistically different DC values between groups were selected as seed points for a second seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis. The relationships between brain activity (DC and FC alterations) and the severity of freezing symptoms were then investigated in the two groups of patients with MSA. Results Compared to MSA patients without FOG symptoms (MSA-nFOG), patients with MSA-FOG showed an increased DC in the left middle temporal gyrus but a reduced DC in the right superior pole temporal gyrus, left anterior cingulum cortex, left thalamus, and right middle frontal gyrus. Furthermore, in patients with MSA-FOG, the DC in the left thalamus was negatively correlated with FOG scores. Using the left thalamus as a seed, secondary seed-based functional connectivity analysis revealed that patients with MSA-FOG commonly showed the left thalamus-based FC abnormalities in regions related to cognition and emotion. In contrast to the patients with MSA-nFOG, patients with MSA-FOG showed an increased FC between the left thalamus and the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), bilateral cerebellum_8, and left precuneus. Conclusion Freezing of gait is associated with centrality of the impaired thalamus network. Abnormal FC between the thalamus and left MTG, right IPL, bilateral cerebellum_8, and left precuneus was involved in FOG. These results provide new insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of FOG in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaguang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Chen,
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9
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Zhou J, Chen Y, Gin T, Bao D, Zhou J. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on standing balance and walking in older adults with age-related neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 78:842-852. [PMID: 35921153 PMCID: PMC10172986 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable evidence showed that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve standing balance and walking performance in older adults with age-related neurological disorders. We here thus completed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively examine such benefits of rTMS. METHODS A search strategy based on the PICOS principle was used to obtain the literature in four databases. The screening and assessments of quality and risk of bias in the included studies were independently completed by two researchers. Outcomes included scales related to standing balance, Timed Up and Go (TUG) time, and walking speed/time/distance. RESULTS Twenty-three studies consisting of 532 participants were included, and the meta-analysis was completed on 21 of these studies. The study quality was good. Compared to control, rTMS induced both short-term (≤3 days after last intervention session) and long-term (≥1 month following last intervention session) significant improvements in balance scales (e.g., Berg Balance Scale), TUG time, and walking speed/time/distance (short-term: standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.26~0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.05~0.62; long-term: SMD=0.40~0.44, 95% CI=0.04~0.79) for both PD and stroke cohorts. Subgroup analyses suggested that greater than nine sessions of high-frequency rTMS targeting primary motor cortex with greater than 3000 pulses per week can maximize such benefits. Only few mild-to-moderate adverse events/side effects were reported, which were similar between rTMS and control group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that rTMS holds promise to improve balance and walking performance in older adults with age-related neurological disorders. Future studies with more rigorous design are needed to confirm the observations in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- China Athletics College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Trenton Gin
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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10
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Dos Santos AB, Skaanning LK, Thaneshwaran S, Mikkelsen E, Romero-Leguizamón CR, Skamris T, Kristensen MP, Langkilde AE, Kohlmeier KA. Sleep-controlling neurons are sensitive and vulnerable to multiple forms of α-synuclein: implications for the early appearance of sleeping disorders in α-synucleinopathies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:450. [PMID: 35882665 PMCID: PMC11072003 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, Multiple System Atrophy, and Lewy Body Dementia are incurable diseases called α-synucleinopathies as they are mechanistically linked to the protein, α-synuclein (α-syn). α-syn exists in different structural forms which have been linked to clinical disease distinctions. However, sleeping disorders (SDs) are common in the prodromal phase of all three α-synucleinopathies, which suggests that sleep-controlling neurons are affected by multiple forms of α-syn. To determine whether a structure-independent neuronal impact of α-syn exists, we compared and contrasted the cellular effect of three different α-syn forms on neurotransmitter-defined cells of two sleep-controlling nuclei located in the brainstem: the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. We utilized size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to precisely characterize timepoints in the α-syn aggregation process with three different dominating forms of this protein (monomeric, oligomeric and fibril) and we conducted an in-depth investigation of the underlying neuronal mechanism behind cellular effects of the different forms of the protein using electrophysiology, multiple-cell calcium imaging, single-cell calcium imaging and live-location tracking with fluorescently-tagged α-syn. Interestingly, α-syn altered membrane currents, enhanced firing, increased intracellular calcium and facilitated cell death in a structure-independent manner in sleep-controlling nuclei, and postsynaptic actions involved a G-protein-mediated mechanism. These data are novel as the sleep-controlling nuclei are the first brain regions reported to be affected by α-syn in this structure-independent manner. These regions may represent highly important targets for future neuroprotective therapy to modify or delay disease progression in α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altair B Dos Santos
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line K Skaanning
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siganya Thaneshwaran
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eyd Mikkelsen
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cesar R Romero-Leguizamón
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Skamris
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annette E Langkilde
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and PharmacologyFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Tiepolt S, Meyer PM, Patt M, Deuther-Conrad W, Hesse S, Barthel H, Sabri O. PET Imaging of Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:33S-44S. [PMID: 35649648 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neuromodulator, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine plays an important role in cognitive, mood, locomotor, sleep/wake, and olfactory functions. In the pathophysiology of most neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) or Lewy body disorder (LBD), cholinergic receptors, transporters, or enzymes are involved and relevant as imaging targets. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on PET imaging of cholinergic neurotransmission in neurodegenerative diseases. For PET imaging of presynaptic vesicular acetylcholine transporters (VAChT), (-)-18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (18F-FEOBV) was the first PET ligand that could be successfully translated to clinical application. Since then, the number of 18F-FEOBV PET investigations on patients with AD or LBD has grown rapidly and provided novel, important findings concerning the pathophysiology of AD and LBD. Regarding the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), various second-generation PET ligands, such as 18F-nifene, 18F-AZAN, 18F-XTRA, (-)-18F-flubatine, and (+)-18F-flubatine, were developed and successfully translated to human application. In neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and LBD, PET imaging of α4β2 nAChRs is of special value for monitoring disease progression and drugs directed to α4β2 nAChRs. For PET of α7 nAChR, 18F-ASEM and 11C-MeQAA were successfully applied in mild cognitive impairment and AD, respectively. The highest potential for α7 nAChR PET is seen in staging, in evaluating disease progression, and in therapy monitoring. PET of selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) is still in an early stage, as the development of subtype-selective radioligands is complicated. Promising radioligands to image mAChR subtypes M1 (11C-LSN3172176), M2 (18F-FP-TZTP), and M4 (11C-MK-6884) were developed and successfully translated to humans. PET imaging of mAChRs is relevant for the assessment and monitoring of therapies in AD and LBD. PET of acetylcholine esterase activity has been investigated since the 1990s. Many PET studies with 11C-PMP and 11C-MP4A demonstrated cortical cholinergic dysfunction in dementia associated with AD and LBD. Recent studies indicated a solid relationship between subcortical and cortical cholinergic dysfunction and noncognitive dysfunctions such as balance and gait in LBD. Taken together, PET of distinct components of cholinergic neurotransmission is of great interest for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapy monitoring and to gain insight into the pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Tiepolt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Philipp M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | | | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
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12
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Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mainly formed in the pyrolysis process during high-temperature cooking of meat. Meat consumption is very typical of the western diet, and the amount of meat consumption in the eastern countries is growing rapidly; HAAs represents widespread exposure. HAAs are classified as possible human carcinogens; numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated regular consumption of meat with HAAs as risk factor for cancers. Specific HAAs have received major attention. For example, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine has been extensively studied as a genotoxicant and mutagen, with emergent literature on neurotoxicity. Harmane has been extensively studied for a role in essential tremors and potentially Parkinson's disease (PD). Harmane levels have been demonstrated to be elevated in blood and brain in essential tremor patients. Meat consumption has been implicated in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the role of toxicants formed during meat preparation has not been studied. Epidemiological studies are currently examining the association between HAAs and risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as essential tremors and PD. Studies from our laboratory and others have provided strong evidence that HAA exposure produces PD and Alzheimer's disease-relevant neurotoxicity in cellular and animal models. In this review, we summarize and critically evaluate previous studies on HAA-induced neurotoxicity and the molecular basis of potential neurotoxic effects of HAAs. The available studies provide strong support for the premise that HAAs may impact neurological function and that addressing gaps in understanding of adverse neurological outcomes is critical to determine whether these compounds are modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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13
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van der Zee S, Kanel P, Gerritsen MJJ, Boertien JM, Slomp AC, Müller MLTM, Bohnen NI, Spikman JM, van Laar T. Altered Cholinergic Innervation in De Novo Parkinson's Disease with and without Cognitive Impairment. Mov Disord 2022; 37:713-723. [PMID: 35037719 PMCID: PMC9306739 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Altered cholinergic innervation plays a putative role in cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) at least in advanced stages. Identification of the relationship between cognitive impairment and cholinergic innervation early in the disease will provide better insight into disease prognosis and possible early intervention. Objective The aim was to assess regional cholinergic innervation status in de novo patients with PD, with and without cognitive impairment. Methods Fifty‐seven newly diagnosed, treatment‐naive, PD patients (32 men, mean age 64.6 ± 8.2 years) and 10 healthy controls (5 men, mean age 54.6 ± 6.0 years) were included. All participants underwent cholinergic [18F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol positron emission tomography and detailed neuropsychological assessment. PD patients were classified as either cognitively normal (PD‐NC) or mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI). Whole brain voxel‐based group comparisons were performed. Results Results show bidirectional cholinergic innervation changes in PD. Both PD‐NC and PD‐MCI groups showed significant cortical cholinergic denervation compared to controls (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected), primarily in the posterior cortical regions. Higher‐than‐normal binding was most prominent in PD‐NC in both cortical and subcortical regions, including the cerebellum, cingulate cortex, putamen, gyrus rectus, hippocampus, and amygdala. Conclusion Altered cholinergic innervation is already present in de novo patients with PD. Posterior cortical cholinergic losses were present in all patients independent of cognitive status. Higher‐than‐normal binding in cerebellar, frontal, and subcortical regions in cognitively intact patients may reflect compensatory cholinergic upregulation in early‐stage PD. Limited or failing cholinergic upregulation may play an important role in early, clinically evident cognitive impairment in PD. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
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Affiliation(s)
- Sygrid van der Zee
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marleen J J Gerritsen
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Boertien
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Slomp
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn L T M Müller
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,University of Michigan Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellent, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacoba M Spikman
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teus van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Martín-Bastida A, Delgado-Alvarado M, Navalpotro-Gómez I, Rodríguez-Oroz MC. Imaging Cognitive Impairment and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:733570. [PMID: 34803882 PMCID: PMC8602579 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.733570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and mild forms of cognitive impairment as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms (i. e., impulse control disorders) are frequent and disabling non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The identification of changes in neuroimaging studies for the early diagnosis and monitoring of the cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease, as well as their pathophysiological understanding, are critical for the development of an optimal therapeutic approach. In the current literature review, we present an update on the latest structural and functional neuroimaging findings, including high magnetic field resonance and radionuclide imaging, assessing cognitive dysfunction and impulse control disorders in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martín-Bastida
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIMA, Center of Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Neurosciences Program, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Irene Navalpotro-Gómez
- Cognitive Impairment and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Clinical and Biological Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Cruz Rodríguez-Oroz
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIMA, Center of Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Neurosciences Program, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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15
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King G, Veros KM, MacLaren DAA, Leigh MPK, Spernyak JA, Clark SD. Human wildtype tau expression in cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental neurons is sufficient to produce PSP-like behavioural deficits and neuropathology. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:7688-7709. [PMID: 34668254 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is the most common atypical parkinsonism and exhibits hallmark symptomology including motor function impairment and dysexecutive dementia. In contrast to Parkinson's disease, the underlying pathology displays aggregation of the protein tau, which is also seen in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Currently, there are no pharmacological treatments for PSP, and drug discovery efforts are hindered by the lack of an animal model specific to PSP. Based on previous results and clinical pathology, it was hypothesized that viral deposition of tau in cholinergic neurons within the hindbrain would produce a tauopathy along neural connections to produce PSP-like symptomology and pathology. By using a combination of ChAT-CRE rats and CRE-dependent AAV vectors, wildtype human tau (the PSP-relevant 1N4R isoform; hTau) was expressed in hindbrain cholinergic neurons. Compared to control subjects (GFP), rats with tau expression displayed deficits in a variety of behavioural paradigms: acoustic startle reflex, marble burying, horizontal ladder and hindlimb motor reflex. Postmortem, the hTau rats had significantly reduced number of cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmentum and dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons, as well as abnormal tau deposits. This preclinical model has multiple points of convergence with the clinical features of PSP, some of which distinguish between PSP and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella King
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kaliana M Veros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stewart D Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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16
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Koros C, Stefanis L, Scarmeas N. Parkinsonism and dementia. J Neurol Sci 2021; 433:120015. [PMID: 34642023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present review is to summarize literature data on dementia in parkinsonian disorders. Cognitive decline and the gradual development of dementia are considered to be key features in the majority of parkinsonian conditions. The burden of dementia in everyday life of parkinsonian patients and their caregivers is vast and can be even more challenging to handle than the motor component of the disease. Common pathogenetic mechanisms involve the aggregation and spreading of abnormal proteins like alpha-synuclein, tau or amyloid in cortical and subcortical regions with subsequent dysregulation of multiple neurotransmitter systems. The degree of cognitive deterioration in these disorders is variable and ranges from mild cognitive impairment to severe cognitive dysfunction. There is also variation in the number and type of affected cognitive domains which can involve either a single domain like executive or visuospatial function or multiple ones. Novel genetic, biological fluid or imaging biomarkers appear promising in facilitating the diagnosis and staging of dementia in parkinsonian conditions. A significant part of current research in Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonian syndromes is targeted towards the cognitive aspects of these disorders. Stabilization or amelioration of cognitive outcomes represents a primary endpoint in many ongoing clinical trials for novel disease modifying treatments in this field. This article is part of the Special Issue "Parkinsonism across the spectrum of movement disorders and beyond" edited by Joseph Jankovic, Daniel D. Truong and Matteo Bologna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koros
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition University, Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition University, Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece; Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aeginition University, Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's, Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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17
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Bidesi NSR, Vang Andersen I, Windhorst AD, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. The role of neuroimaging in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 159:660-689. [PMID: 34532856 PMCID: PMC9291628 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Two hallmarks of PD are the accumulation of alpha-synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. There is no cure for PD, and all existing treatments focus on alleviating the symptoms. PD diagnosis is also based on the symptoms, such as abnormalities of movement, mood, and cognition observed in the patients. Molecular imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) can detect objective alterations in the neurochemical machinery of the brain and help diagnose and study neurodegenerative diseases. This review addresses the application of functional MRI, PET, and SPECT in PD patients. We provide an overview of the imaging targets, discuss the rationale behind target selection, the agents (tracers) with which the imaging can be performed, and the main findings regarding each target's state in PD. Molecular imaging has proven itself effective in supporting clinical diagnosis of PD and has helped reveal that PD is a heterogeneous disorder, which has important implications for the development of future therapies. However, the application of molecular imaging for early diagnosis of PD or for differentiation between PD and atypical parkinsonisms has remained challenging. The final section of the review is dedicated to new imaging targets with which one can detect the PD-related pathological changes upstream from dopaminergic degeneration. The foremost of those targets is alpha-synuclein. We discuss the progress of tracer development achieved so far and challenges on the path toward alpha-synuclein imaging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S R Bidesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Vang Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Tractography patterns of pedunculopontine nucleus deep brain stimulation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:659-670. [PMID: 33779812 PMCID: PMC8105200 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus is a promising surgical procedure for the treatment of Parkinsonian gait and balance dysfunction. It has, however, produced mixed clinical results that are poorly understood. We used tractography with the aim to rationalise this heterogeneity. A cohort of eight patients with postural instability and gait disturbance (Parkinson’s disease subtype) underwent pre-operative structural and diffusion MRI, then progressed to deep brain stimulation targeting the pedunculopontine nucleus. Pre-operative and follow-up assessments were carried out using the Gait and Falls Questionnaire, and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Probabilistic diffusion tensor tractography was carried out between the stimulating electrodes and both cortical and cerebellar regions of a priori interest. Cortical surface reconstructions were carried out to measure cortical thickness in relevant areas. Structural connectivity between stimulating electrode and precentral gyrus (r = 0.81, p = 0.01), Brodmann areas 1 (r = 0.78, p = 0.02) and 2 (r = 0.76, p = 0.03) were correlated with clinical improvement. A negative correlation was also observed for the superior cerebellar peduncle (r = −0.76, p = 0.03). Lower cortical thickness of the left parietal lobe and bilateral premotor cortices were associated with greater pre-operative severity of symptoms. Both motor and sensory structural connectivity of the stimulated surgical target characterises the clinical benefit, or lack thereof, from surgery. In what is a challenging region of brainstem to effectively target, these results provide insights into how this can be better achieved. The mechanisms of action are likely to have both motor and sensory components, commensurate with the probable nature of the underlying dysfunction.
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19
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Frey KA. Molecular Imaging of Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders With Dementia: The 4R Tauopathies. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 51:275-285. [PMID: 33431202 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two pathologically distinct neurodegenerative conditions, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, share in common deposits of tau proteins that differ both molecularly and ultrastructurally from the common tau deposits diagnostic of Alzheimer disease. The proteinopathy in these disorders is characterized by fibrillary aggregates of 4R tau proteins. The clinical presentations of progressive supranuclear palsy and of corticobasal degeneration are often confused with more common disorders such as Parkinson disease or subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neither of these 4R tau disorders has effective therapy, and while there are emerging molecular imaging approaches to identify patients earlier in the course of disease, there are as yet no reliably sensitive and specific approaches to diagnoses in life. In this review, aspects of the clinical syndromes, neuropathology, and molecular biomarker imaging studies applicable to progressive supranuclear palsy and to corticobasal degeneration will be presented. Future development of more accurate molecular imaging approaches is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk A Frey
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, The University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI.
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20
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Novel PET Biomarkers to Disentangle Molecular Pathways across Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122581. [PMID: 33276490 PMCID: PMC7761606 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to disentangle the etiological puzzle of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, whose clinical phenotypes arise from known, and as yet unknown, pathways that can act distinctly or in concert. Enhanced sub-phenotyping and the identification of in vivo biomarker-driven signature profiles could improve the stratification of patients into clinical trials and, potentially, help to drive the treatment landscape towards the precision medicine paradigm. The rapidly growing field of neuroimaging offers valuable tools to investigate disease pathophysiology and molecular pathways in humans, with the potential to capture the whole disease course starting from preclinical stages. Positron emission tomography (PET) combines the advantages of a versatile imaging technique with the ability to quantify, to nanomolar sensitivity, molecular targets in vivo. This review will discuss current research and available imaging biomarkers evaluating dysregulation of the main molecular pathways across age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular pathways focused on in this review involve mitochondrial dysfunction and energy dysregulation; neuroinflammation; protein misfolding; aggregation and the concepts of pathobiology, synaptic dysfunction, neurotransmitter dysregulation and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. The use of PET imaging to dissect these molecular pathways and the potential to aid sub-phenotyping will be discussed, with a focus on novel PET biomarkers.
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21
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Tseng FS, Deng X, Ong YL, Li HH, Tan EK. Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and smoking: a meta-analysis and mechanistic insights. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21959-21970. [PMID: 33161394 PMCID: PMC7695394 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between cigarette smoking and multiple system atrophy (MSA) has been debated. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to investigate this link. RESULTS We identified 161 articles from database searching and bibliographic review. Five case-control studies satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 435 and 352 healthy controls and MSA patients were examined. The prevalence of MSA amongst ever smokers was lower compared to never smokers (aOR=0.57; 95% CI, 0.29-1.14), although this result did not reach statistical significance. This was also observed for current and former smokers, with a stronger association for current smokers (aOR=0.63 vs aOR=0.96). CONCLUSIONS There is a suggestion that smoking protects against MSA. Prospective studies in larger patient cohorts are required to further evaluate the cause-effect relationship and functional studies in cellular and animal models will provide mechanistic insights on their potential etiologic links. METHODS PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 7, 2019 to identify case-control studies that analyzed smoking as an environmental risk or protective factor for MSA. Two authors independently extracted data and performed risk-of-bias and quality assessment. The random-effects model was assumed to account for between-study variance when pooling the crude and adjusted odds ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shuen Tseng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Xiao Deng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yi-Lin Ong
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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22
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Guo M, Ren Y, Yu H, Yang H, Cao C, Li Y, Fan G. Alterations in Degree Centrality and Functional Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Freezing of Gait: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:582079. [PMID: 33224024 PMCID: PMC7670067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.582079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common disabling motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the potential pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Methods A total of 22 patients with PD with FOG (PD-FOG), 28 patients with PD without FOG (PD-nFOG), and 33 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited in this study. Degree centrality (DC)-a graph theory-based measurement of global connectivity at the voxel level by measuring the number of instantaneous functional connections between one region and the rest of the brain-can map brain hubs with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. DC was used to explore alterations in the centrality of PD-FOG correlated with brain node levels. PD-FOG cognitive network dysfunction was further revealed via a seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis. In addition, correlation analyses were carried out between clinical symptoms and acquired connectivity measurement. Results Compared to the PD-nFOG group, the PD-FOG group showed remarkably increased DC values in the right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG). There were no significant differences in other gray matter regions. Importantly, the clinical severity of FOG was related to the mean DC values in the RMFG. This brain region served as a seed in secondary seed-based FC analysis, and we further found FC changes in the right precuneus, right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and cerebellum. Conclusion Increased RMFG activity and FC network alterations in the middle frontal cortex with the precuneus, inferior, and SFG, and the cerebellum may have great potential in brain dysfunction in PD with FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- MiaoRan Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - HongMei Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - HuaGuang Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - ChengHao Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - YingMei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - GuoGuang Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cheng Q, Wu M, Wu Y, Hu Y, Kwapong WR, Shi X, Fan Y, Yu X, He J, Wang Z. Weaker Braking Force, A New Marker of Worse Gait Stability in Alzheimer Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:554168. [PMID: 33024432 PMCID: PMC7516124 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.554168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Braking force is a gait marker associated with gait stability. This study aimed to determine the alteration of braking force and its correlation with gait stability in Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: A total of 32 AD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Gait parameters (braking force, gait variability, and fall risk) in the walking tests of Free walk, Barrier, and Count backward were measured by JiBuEn® gait analysis system. Gait variability was calculated by the coefficient of variation (COV) of stride time, stance time, and swing time. Results: The braking force of AD was significantly weaker than HCs in three walking tests (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.007). Gait variability of AD showed significant elevation than HCs in the walking of Count backward (COVstride: P = 0.013; COVswing: P = 0.006). Fall risk of AD was significantly higher than HCs in three walking tests (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.001). Braking force was negatively associated with fall risks in three walking tests (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between braking force and gait variability in the walking of Free walk (COVstride: P = 0.018; COVswing: P = 0.013) and Barrier (COVstride: P = 0.002; COVswing: P = 0.001), but not Count backward (COVstride: P = 0.888; COVswing: P = 0.555). Conclusion: Braking force was weaker in AD compared to HCs, reflecting the worse gait stability of AD. Our study suggests that weakening of braking force may be a new gait marker to indicate cognitive and motor impairment and predict fall risk in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cheng
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengxuan Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuemin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xiang Shi
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinying Fan
- Wenzhou Yining Geriatric Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Characterization of idiopathic Parkinson's disease subgroups using quantitative gait analysis and corresponding subregional striatal uptake visualized using 18F-FP-CIT positron emission tomography. Gait Posture 2020; 82:167-173. [PMID: 32932077 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait disturbance is one of the most common symptoms among patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Nevertheless, Parkinson's disease subtype clustering according to gait characteristics has not been thoroughly investigated. RESEARCH QUESTION The aim of this study was to identify subgroups according to gait pattern among patients with IPD. METHODS This study included 88 patients with IPD who underwent 18F-fluorinated-N-3-fluoropropyl-2-β-carboxymethoxy-3-β-4-iodophenyl-nortropane positron emission tomography (18F-FP-CIT PET) and three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. We performed cluster analysis using temporal-spatial gait variables (gait speed, stride length, cadence, and step width) and divided patients into four subgroups. The kinematic and kinetic gait variables in 3DGA were compared among the four subgroups. Furthermore, we compared the uptake patterns of striatum among the four subgroups using 18F-FP-CIT PET. RESULTS The patients were clustered into subgroups based on gait hypokinesia and cadence compensation. Group 1 had decreased stride length compensating with increased cadence. Group 2 had decreased stride length without cadence compensation and wider step width. Group 3 had relatively spared stride length with decreased cadence. Group 4 had spared stride length and cadence. The uptake of posterior putamen was significantly decreased in Group 3 compared with Group 4. SIGNIFICANCE Gait hypokinesia and cadence can help to classify gait patterns in IPD patients. Our subgroups may reflect the different gait patterns in IPD patients.
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25
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Cerroni R, Liguori C, Stefani A, Conti M, Garasto E, Pierantozzi M, Mercuri NB, Bernardini S, Fucci G, Massoud R. Increased Noradrenaline as an Additional Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker in PSP-Like Parkinsonism. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:126. [PMID: 32612521 PMCID: PMC7308889 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic centers utilize sequential clinical and neuroimaging assessments, including morphometric ratios, to obtain an unequivocal diagnosis of the non-synucleinopathic forms of Parkinsonism, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), however, a 1–2 year follow-up is required. The on-going long-lasting trials using anti-tau antibodies for PSP patients might therefore be biased by the incorrect enrollment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients manifesting early axial signs. This perspective study aimed at achieving two major goals: first, to summarize the established biomarker candidates found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in probable PSP patients, including low p-tau and altered neurofilaments. Second, we share our recent data, from CSF samples of well-selected PSP subjects, attributable to both main variants (and revisited in light of MDS criteria), who were followed for 1 year before and 2 years after lumbar puncture. We found a significantly high level of noradrenaline (NE) in these patients, similar to controls, when compared to PD patients. In contrast, CSF samples, in PD, showed a significant reduction in CSF NE and its major metabolite, which confirmed that PD is a multi-system disease involving several endogenous pathways. The NE axis impairments were prominent in PSP featuring worse NPI. It might represent a counterpart to the early and peculiar psycho-pathological profiles that are observed in tauopathies. In conclusion, we highlight that CSF biomarkers, which are easy to collect, can provide rapid insights as diagnostic tools. Early alterations in endogenous NE machinery in atypical Parkinsonism may represent a specific risk trait in forms characterized by a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Cerroni
- Parkinson Center, Department of System Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Parkinson Center, Department of System Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Parkinson Center, Department of System Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Parkinson Center, Department of System Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Garasto
- Parkinson Center, Department of System Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicola B Mercuri
- UOC Neurology, Department of System Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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26
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Syeda T, Foguth RM, Llewellyn E, Cannon JR. PhIP exposure in rodents produces neuropathology potentially relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Toxicology 2020; 437:152436. [PMID: 32169473 PMCID: PMC7218929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a public health crisis due to debilitating cognitive symptoms and lack of curative treatments, in the context of increasing prevalence. Thus, it is critical to identify modifiable risk factors. High levels of meat consumption may increase AD risk. Many toxins are formed during meat cooking such as heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). Our prior studies have shown that HAAs produce dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Given the mechanistic and pathological overlap between AD and dopaminergic disorders we investigated whether exposure to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), a prevalent dietary HAA formed during high-temperature meat cooking, may produce AD-relevant neurotoxicity. Here, C57BL/6 mice were treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg PhIP for 8 h or 75 mg/kg for 4 weeks and 16 weeks. PhIP exposure for 8 h produced oxidative damage, and AD-relevant alterations in hippocampal synaptic proteins, Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), and β-Site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). PhIP exposure for 4 weeks resulted in an increase in BACE1. PhIP exposure for 16 weeks resulted in increased hippocampal oxidative damage, APP, BACE1, Aβ aggregation, and tau phosphorylation. Quantification of intracellular nitrotyrosine revealed oxidative damage in cholinergic neurons after 8 h, 4 weeks and 16 weeks of PhIP exposure. Our study demonstrates that increase in oxidative damage, APP and BACE1 might be a possible mechanism by which PhIP promotes Aβ aggregation. Given many patients with AD or PD exhibit neuropathological overlap, our study suggests that HAA exposure should be further studied for roles in mediating pathogenic overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Rachel M Foguth
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Emily Llewellyn
- Summer Research Opportunities Program, Purdue, University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah, 84058, United States
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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27
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Cui X, Li L, Yu L, Xing H, Chang H, Zhao L, Qian J, Song Q, Zhou S, Dong C. Gray Matter Atrophy in Parkinson's Disease and the Parkinsonian Variant of Multiple System Atrophy: A Combined ROI- and Voxel-Based Morphometric Study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1505. [PMID: 32555945 PMCID: PMC7279630 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) and the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) are distinct neurodegenerative disorders that share similar clinical features of parkinsonism. The morphological alterations of these diseases have yet to be understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gray matter atrophy in PD and MSA-P using regions of interest (ROI)-based measurements and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS We studied 41 patients with PD, 20 patients with MSA-P, and 39 controls matched for age, sex, and handedness using an improved T1-weighted sequence that eased gray matter segmentation. The gray matter volumes were measured using ROI and VBM. RESULTS ROI volumetric measurements showed significantly reduced bilateral putamen volumes in MSA-P patients compared with those in PD patients and controls (p<0.05), and the volumes of the bilateral caudate nucleus were significantly reduced in both MSA-P and PD patients compared with those in the controls (p<0.05). VBM analysis revealed multifocal cortical and subcortical atrophy in both MSA-P and PD patients, and the volumes of the cerebellum and temporal lobes were remarkably reduced in MSA-P patients compared with the volumes in PD patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both PD and MSA-P are associated with gray matter atrophy, which mainly involves the bilateral putamen, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, and temporal lobes. ROI and VBM can be used to identify these morphological alterations, and VBM is more sensitive and repeatable and less time-consuming, which may have potential diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Huijuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Third People’s Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunbo Dong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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28
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Gersel Stokholm M, Iranzo A, Østergaard K, Serradell M, Otto M, Bacher Svendsen K, Garrido A, Vilas D, Fedorova T, Santamaria J, Møller A, Gaig C, Hiraoka K, Brooks D, Okamura N, Borghammer P, Tolosa E, Pavese N. Cholinergic denervation in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:644-652. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gersel Stokholm
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - A. Iranzo
- Department of Neurology Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades eurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit Hospital Clinic Barcelona Spain
| | - K. Østergaard
- Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus
| | - M. Serradell
- Department of Neurology Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit Hospital Clinic Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Otto
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - A. Garrido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades eurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia
- Movement Disorders Unit Neurology Service Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - D. Vilas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades eurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia
- Movement Disorders Unit Neurology Service Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - T.D. Fedorova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - J. Santamaria
- Department of Neurology Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades eurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit Hospital Clinic Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Møller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - C. Gaig
- Department of Neurology Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades eurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit Hospital Clinic Barcelona Spain
| | - K. Hiraoka
- Division of Cyclotron Nuclear Medicine, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - D.J. Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Division of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - N. Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Sendai Japan
| | - P. Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - E. Tolosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades eurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Hospital Clínic IDIBAPS Universitat de Barcelona Catalonia
- Movement Disorders Unit Neurology Service Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - N. Pavese
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
- Division of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Bharti K, Suppa A, Tommasin S, Zampogna A, Pietracupa S, Berardelli A, Pantano P. Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait: A systematic review. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:102059. [PMID: 31795038 PMCID: PMC6864177 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a paroxysmal gait disorder that often occurs at advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). FOG consists of abrupt walking interruption and severe difficulty in locomotion with an increased risk of falling. Pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning FOG in PD are still unclear. However, advanced MRI and nuclear medicine studies have gained relevant insights into the pathophysiology of FOG in PD. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated structural and functional abnormalities in a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions in PD patients with FOG. In this paper, we systematically review existing neuroimaging literature on the structural and functional brain changes described in PD patients with FOG, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We evaluate previous studies using various MRI techniques to estimate grey matter loss and white matter degeneration. Moreover, we review functional brain changes by examining functional MRI and nuclear medicine imaging studies. The current review provides up-to-date knowledge in this field and summarizes the possible mechanisms responsible for FOG in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Bharti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Silvia Tommasin
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zampogna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Patrizia Pantano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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30
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Gut NK, Mena-Segovia J. Dichotomy between motor and cognitive functions of midbrain cholinergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 128:59-66. [PMID: 30213733 PMCID: PMC7176324 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) are interconnected with all the basal ganglia structures, as well as with motor centers in the brainstem and medulla. Recent theories put into question whether PPN cholinergic neurons form part of a locomotor region that directly regulates the motor output, and rather suggest a modulatory role in adaptive behavior involving both motor and cognitive functions. In support of this, experimental studies in animals suggest that cholinergic neurons reinforce actions by signaling reward prediction and shape adaptations in behavior during changes of environmental contingencies. This is further supported by clinical studies proposing that decreased cholinergic transmission originated in the PPN is associated with impaired sensorimotor integration and perseverant behavior, giving rise to some of the symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Altogether, the evidence suggests that cholinergic neurons of the PPN, mainly through their interactions with the basal ganglia, have a leading role in action control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine K Gut
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Juan Mena-Segovia
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
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31
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Gilat M, Dijkstra BW, D'Cruz N, Nieuwboer A, Lewis SJG. Functional MRI to Study Gait Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: a Systematic Review and Exploratory ALE Meta-Analysis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2019; 19:49. [PMID: 31214901 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-019-0967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Whilst gait impairment is a main cause for disability in Parkinson's disease (PD), its neural control remains poorly understood. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of surrogate features of gait in PD. FINDINGS Assessing the results from PET or SPECT scans after a period of actual walking as well as fMRI during mental imagery or virtual reality (VR) gait paradigms, we found a varying pattern of gait-related brain activity. Overall, a decrease in activation of the SMA during gait was found in PD compared to elderly controls. In addition, the meta-analysis showed that the most consistent gait-related activation was situated in the cerebellar locomotor region (CLR) in PD. Despite methodological heterogeneity, the combined neuroimaging studies of gait provide new insights into its neural control in PD, suggesting that CLR activation likely serves a compensatory role in locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Gilat
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, PO Box1501, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bauke W Dijkstra
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, PO Box1501, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas D'Cruz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, PO Box1501, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, PO Box1501, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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32
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Bohnen NI, Kanel P, Zhou Z, Koeppe RA, Frey KA, Dauer WT, Albin RL, Müller MLTM. Cholinergic system changes of falls and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:538-549. [PMID: 30720884 PMCID: PMC6450746 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective Postural instability and gait difficulties (PIGDs) represent debilitating disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD). Past acetylcholinesterase positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies implicate cholinergic changes as significant contributors to PIGD features. These studies were limited in quantification of striatal cholinergic synapse integrity. Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) PET ligands are better suited for evaluation of high binding areas. We examined associations between regional VAChT expression and freezing of gait (FoG) and falls. Methods Ninety‐four PD subjects underwent clinical assessment and VAChT ([18F]FEOBV) PET. Results Thirty‐five subjects (37.2%) reported a history of falls, and 15 (16%) had observed FoG. Univariate volume‐of‐interest analyses demonstrated significantly reduced thalamic (p = 0.0016) VAChT expression in fallers compared to nonfallers. VAChT expression was significantly reduced in the striatum (p = 0.0012) and limbic archicortex (p = 0.004) in freezers compared to nonfreezers. Whole‐brain voxel‐based analyses of FEOBV PET complemented these findings and showed more granular changes associated with falling history, including the right visual thalamus (especially the right lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN]), right caudate nucleus, and bilateral prefrontal regions. Freezers had prominent VAChT expression reductions in the bilateral striatum, temporal, and mesiofrontal limbic regions. Interpretation Our findings confirm and extend on previous PET findings of thalamic cholinergic deficits associated with falling history and now emphasize right visual thalamus complex changes, including the right LGN. FoG status is associated with reduced VAChT expression in striatal cholinergic interneurons and the limbic archicortex. These observations suggest different cholinergic systems changes underlying falls and FoG in PD. Ann Neurol 2019;85:538–549
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Prabesh Kanel
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert A Koeppe
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kirk A Frey
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - William T Dauer
- Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Roger L Albin
- Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Martijn L T M Müller
- Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a syndrome characterized by an isolated impairment of language function at disease onset. The cholinergic system is implicated in language function and cholinergic deficits are seen in the brains of individuals with PPA. One major source of cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex is the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) within which lies the nucleus subputaminalis (NSP). This nucleus is postulated to be involved in language function. We compared the abundance of cholinergic neurons in the NBM and NSP of controls and individuals with PPA. Also explored was whether the individuals presenting with PPA, who subsequently developed different clinical and neuropathological profiles, showed similar cholinergic deficits in the NSP. METHODS Cytoarchitecture of the basal forebrain was studied using Nissl staining in control (n = 5) and PPA (n = 5) brains. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemical staining labeled cholinergic neurons were quantified using Neurolucida software. RESULTS In comparison to matched controls, PPA showed reduction of cholinergic neurons in the NBM (t(8) = 4.04, p = 0.0037; Cohen's effect size value d = 2.62) and the NSP (t(6) = 4.62, p = 0.0042; Cohen's d effect size d = 2.92). The average percent of cholinergic neuronal loss was relatively higher in the NSP (64.7%) compared to the NBM (47.7%). CONCLUSION Regardless of underlying pathology, all cases presenting with PPA showed a marked loss of cholinergic neurons in the NSP, providing further evidence for the importance of this nucleus in language function.
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Quantification of brain cholinergic denervation in dementia with Lewy bodies using PET imaging with [ 18F]-FEOBV. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:322-327. [PMID: 30082840 PMCID: PMC6363916 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wilson H, Pagano G, Politis M. Dementia spectrum disorders: lessons learnt from decades with PET research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:233-251. [PMID: 30762136 PMCID: PMC6449308 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dementia spectrum encompasses a range of disorders with complex diagnosis, pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides insights into specific neurodegenerative processes underlying dementia disorders in vivo. Here we focus on some of the most common dementias: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinsonism dementias including Parkinson’s disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, and frontotemporal lobe degeneration. PET tracers have been developed to target specific proteinopathies (amyloid, tau and α-synuclein), glucose metabolism, cholinergic system and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown distinct imaging abnormalities can be detected early, in some cases prior to symptom onset, allowing disease progression to be monitored and providing the potential to predict symptom onset. Furthermore, advances in PET imaging have identified potential therapeutic targets and novel methods to accurately discriminate between different types of dementias in vivo. There are promising imaging markers with a clinical application on the horizon, however, further studies are required before they can be implantation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, Camberwell, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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Fabbrini G, Fabbrini A, Suppa A. Progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy and corticobasal degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 165:155-177. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64012-3.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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MacLaren DAA, Ljungberg TL, Griffin ME, Clark SD. Pedunculopontine tegmentum cholinergic loss leads to a progressive decline in motor abilities and neuropathological changes resembling progressive supranuclear palsy. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3477-3497. [PMID: 30339310 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common atypical Parkinsonism. Although PSP shares some symptomology with Parkinson's disease (PD), PSP has a different underlying pathology characterized by tau aggregation. Furthermore, PSP sufferers respond poorly to PD medications and there are no effective alternative therapeutics. The development of both palliative and disease altering therapeutics has been hampered by the lack of an animal model that displays relevant PSP-like pathology and behavioral deficits. Previously, our lab found that in rats the selective removal of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons (whose axonal projections overlap with areas of PSP pathology), mimics the extensive loss of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons seen in PSP, and produces a unique PSP-like combination of deficits in: startle reflex, attention, and motor function. The present study extends those findings by allowing the lesion to incubate for over a year and compares behavioral and post-mortem pathology of pedunculopontine-cholinergic-lesioned and sham-lesioned rats. There was an early startle reflex deficit which did not improve over time. Progressive declines in motor function developed over the course of the year, including an increase in the number of "slips" while navigating various beams and poorly coordinated transitions from an elevated platform into homecages. Histological analysis discovered that the loss off cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons precipitated a significant loss of substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons and a significant enlargement of the lateral ventricles. The latter is a distinguishing feature between PSP and PD. This preclinical animal model of PSP has the potential to further our understanding of PSP and aid in the testing of potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A A MacLaren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Trisha L Ljungberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Meghan E Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Stewart D Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Albin RL, Bohnen NI, Muller MLTM, Dauer WT, Sarter M, Frey KA, Koeppe RA. Regional vesicular acetylcholine transporter distribution in human brain: A [ 18 F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol positron emission tomography study. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2884-2897. [PMID: 30255936 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior efforts to image cholinergic projections in human brain in vivo had significant technical limitations. We used the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) ligand [18 F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([18 F]FEOBV) and positron emission tomography to determine the regional distribution of VAChT binding sites in normal human brain. We studied 29 subjects (mean age 47 [range 20-81] years; 18 men; 11 women). [18 F]FEOBV binding was highest in striatum, intermediate in the amygdala, hippocampal formation, thalamus, rostral brainstem, some cerebellar regions, and lower in other regions. Neocortical [18 F]FEOBV binding was inhomogeneous with relatively high binding in insula, BA24, BA25, BA27, BA28, BA34, BA35, pericentral cortex, and lowest in BA17-19. Thalamic [18 F]FEOBV binding was inhomogeneous with greatest binding in the lateral geniculate nuclei and relatively high binding in medial and posterior thalamus. Cerebellar cortical [18 F]FEOBV binding was high in vermis and flocculus, and lower in the lateral cortices. Brainstem [18 F]FEOBV binding was most prominent at the mesopontine junction, likely associated with the pedunculopontine-laterodorsal tegmental complex. Significant [18 F]FEOBV binding was present throughout the brainstem. Some regions, including the striatum, primary sensorimotor cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex exhibited age-related decreases in [18 F]FEOBV binding. These results are consistent with prior studies of cholinergic projections in other species and prior postmortem human studies. There is a distinctive pattern of human neocortical VChAT expression. The patterns of thalamic and cerebellar cortical cholinergic terminal distribution are likely unique to humans. Normal aging is associated with regionally specific reductions in [18 F]FEOBV binding in some cortical regions and the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Albin
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martijn L T M Muller
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William T Dauer
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Martin Sarter
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kirk A Frey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert A Koeppe
- University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Research in Parkinson's Disease, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Yu H, Yuan X, Liu L, Wang T, Gong D. Treatment of multiple system atrophy - the past, present and future. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 7:88-94. [PMID: 30498625 PMCID: PMC6261842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic progressive degenerative disease which is characterized by multiple central nervous systems involved. So far, there is no effective medicine to cure MSA. The main research direction of treatment includes immunization transplantation and cytotherapy. Human umbilical cord blood is the residue of blood in the placenta and umbilical cord after fetal delivery. It is the most abundant cell bank and its usage is not limited to treat hematological diseases. The researches about hUCB-MNC treatment on MSA are increasing gradually. The potential of other MSC is also discussed. Lateral atlanto-occipital space puncture is an ingenious way created by Professor Dianrong Gong. More than 30 cases of MSA have been treated by this method with fine clinical effect and without serious complications. It indicates that stem cells treatment is a valid method for refractory nerve system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School, Taishan Medical UniversityLiaocheng, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School, Taishan Medical UniversityLiaocheng, PR China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School, Taishan Medical UniversityLiaocheng, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- Taishan Medical UniversityLiaocheng, PR China
| | - Dianrong Gong
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School, Taishan Medical UniversityLiaocheng, PR China
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Molecular Imaging of the Cholinergic System in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:211-250. [PMID: 30314597 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
One of the first identified neurotransmitters in the brain, acetylcholine, is an important modulator that drives changes in neuronal and glial activity. For more than two decades, the main focus of molecular imaging of the cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been on cognitive changes. Imaging studies have confirmed that degeneration of the cholinergic system is a major determinant of dementia in PD. Within the last decade, the focus is expanding to studying cholinergic correlates of mobility impairments, dyskinesias, olfaction, sleep, visual hallucinations and risk taking behavior in this disorder. These studies increasingly recognize that the regional topography of cholinergic brain areas associates with specific functions. In parallel with this trend, more recent molecular cholinergic imaging approaches are investigating cholinergic modulatory functions and contributions to large-scale brain network functions. A novel area of research is imaging cholinergic innervation functions of peripheral autonomic organs that may have the potential of future prodromal diagnosis of PD. Finally, emerging evidence of hypercholinergic activity in prodromal and symptomatic leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 PD may reflect neuronal cholinergic compensation versus a response to neuro-inflammation. Molecular imaging of the cholinergic system has led to many new insights in the etiology of dopamine non-responsive symptoms of PD (more "malignant" hypocholinergic disease phenotype) and is poised to guide and evaluate future cholinergic drug development in this disorder.
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41
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Clinical value of CSF amyloid-beta-42 and tau proteins in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1373-1379. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Murley AG, Rowe JB. Neurotransmitter deficits from frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain 2018; 141:1263-1285. [PMID: 29373632 PMCID: PMC5917782 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration causes a spectrum of complex degenerative disorders including frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, each of which is associated with changes in the principal neurotransmitter systems. We review the evidence for these neurochemical changes and propose that they contribute to symptomatology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, over and above neuronal loss and atrophy. Despite the development of disease-modifying therapies, aiming to slow neuropathological progression, it remains important to advance symptomatic treatments to reduce the disease burden and improve patients' and carers' quality of life. We propose that targeting the selective deficiencies in neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, acetylcholine, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid is an important strategy towards this goal. We summarize the current evidence-base for pharmacological treatments and suggest strategies to improve the development of new, effective pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Murley
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Sir William Hardy Building, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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43
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Ge J, Wu J, Peng S, Wu P, Wang J, Zhang H, Guan Y, Eidelberg D, Zuo C, Ma Y. Reproducible network and regional topographies of abnormal glucose metabolism associated with progressive supranuclear palsy: Multivariate and univariate analyses in American and Chinese patient cohorts. Hum Brain Mapp 2018. [PMID: 29536636 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare movement disorder and often difficult to distinguish clinically from Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) in early phases. In this study, we report reproducible disease-related topographies of brain network and regional glucose metabolism associated with PSP in clinically-confirmed independent cohorts of PSP, MSA, and PD patients and healthy controls in the USA and China. Using 18 F-FDG PET images from PSP and healthy subjects, we applied spatial covariance analysis with bootstrapping to identify a PSP-related pattern (PSPRP) and estimate its reliability, and evaluated the ability of network scores for differential diagnosis. We also detected regional metabolic differences using statistical parametric mapping analysis. We produced a highly reliable PSPRP characterized by relative metabolic decreases in the middle prefrontal cortex/cingulate, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, thalamus and midbrain, covarying with relative metabolic increases in the hippocampus, insula and parieto-temporal regions. PSPRP network scores correlated positively with PSP duration and accurately discriminated between healthy, PSP, MSA and PD groups in two separate cohorts of parkinsonian patients at both early and advanced stages. Moreover, PSP patients shared many overlapping areas with abnormal metabolism in the same cortical and subcortical regions as in the PSPRP. With rigorous cross-validation, this study demonstrated highly comparable and reproducible PSP-related metabolic topographies at network and regional levels across different patient populations and PET scanners. Metabolic brain network activity may serve as a reliable and objective marker of PSP, although cross-validation applying recent diagnostic criteria and classification is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Ge
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, 11030
| | - Ping Wu
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huiwei Zhang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, 11030
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 518 East Wuzhong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York, 11030
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Xu Z, Arbizu J, Pavese N. PET Molecular Imaging in Atypical Parkinsonism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 142:3-36. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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The cortical cholinergic system contributes to the top-down control of distraction: Evidence from patients with Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 2017; 190:107-117. [PMID: 29277400 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Past animal and human studies robustly report that the cholinergic system plays an essential role in both top-down and bottom-up attentional control, as well as other aspects of cognition (see Ballinger et al., 2016 for a recent review). However, current understanding of how two major cholinergic pathways in the human brain (the basal forebrain-cortical pathway, and the brainstem pedunculopontine-thalamic pathway) contribute to specific cognitive functions remains somewhat limited. To address this issue, we examine how individual variation in the integrity of striatal-dopaminergic, thalamic-cholinergic, and cortical-cholinergic pathways (measured using Positron Emission Tomography in patients with Parkinson's disease) was associated with individual variation in the initial goal-directed focus of attention, the ability to sustain attentional performance over time, and the ability to avoid distraction from a highly-salient, but irrelevant, environmental stimulus. Compared to healthy controls, PD patients performed similarly in the precision of attention-dependent judgments of duration, and in sustaining attention over time. However, PD patients' performance was strikingly more impaired by the distractor. More critically, regression analyses indicated that only cortical-cholinergic integrity, not thalamic-cholinergic or striatal-dopaminergic integrity, made a specific contribution to the ability to resist distraction after controlling for the other variables. These results demonstrate that the basal forebrain cortical cholinergic system serves a specific role in executing top-down control to resist external distraction.
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Myers PS, McNeely ME, Koller JM, Earhart GM, Campbell MC. Cerebellar Volume and Executive Function in Parkinson Disease with and without Freezing of Gait. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 7:149-157. [PMID: 28106569 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-161029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Freezing of gait (FOG) affects approximately 50% of people with Parkinson Disease (PD), impacting quality of life and placing financial and emotional strain on the individual and caregivers. People with PD and FOG have similar deficits in motor adaptation and cognition as individuals with cerebellar lesions, indicating the cerebellum may play a role in FOG. OBJECTIVE To examine potential differences in cerebellar volumes and their relationships with cognition between PD with (FOG+) and without FOG (FOG-). METHODS Sixty-three participants were divided into two groups, FOG+ (n = 25) and FOG- (n = 38), based on the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire. Cognitive assessment included Trail Making, Stroop, Verbal Fluency, and Go-NoGo executive function tasks. All participants completed structural T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans. Imaging data were processed with FreeSurfer and the Spatially Unbiased Infratentorial toolbox to segment the cerebellum into individual lobules. RESULTS FOG+ performed significantly worse on phonemic verbal fluency (F(1, 22) = 7.06, p = 0.01) as well as the Go-NoGo task (F(1, 22) = 9.00, p = 0.004). We found no differences in cerebellar volumes between groups (F(4, 55) = 1.42, p = 0.24), but there were significant relationships between verbal fluency measures and lobule volumes in FOG-. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the need for longitudinal studies to better characterize potential changes in cerebellar volume, cognitive function, and functional connectivity between people with PD with and without FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Myers
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marie E McNeely
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan M Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gammon M Earhart
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of Review To review the current status of positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging research of levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent Findings Recent PET studies have provided robust evidence that LIDs in PD are associated with elevated and fluctuating striatal dopamine synaptic levels, which is a consequence of the imbalance between dopaminergic and serotonergic terminals, with the latter playing a key role in mishandling presynaptic dopamine release. Long-term exposure to levodopa is no longer believed to solely induce LIDs, as studies have highlighted that PD patients who go on to develop LIDs exhibit elevated putaminal dopamine release before the initiation of levodopa treatment, suggesting the involvement of other mechanisms, including altered neuronal firing and abnormal levels of phosphodiesterase 10A. Summary Dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, adenosinergic and opioid systems and phosphodiesterase 10A levels have been shown to be implicated in the development of LIDs in PD. However, no system may be considered sufficient on its own for the development of LIDs, and the mechanisms underlying LIDs in PD may have a multisystem origin. In line with this notion, future studies should use multimodal PET molecular imaging in the same individuals to shed further light on the different mechanisms underlying the development of LIDs in PD.
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48
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Ma LY, Chen XD, He Y, Ma HZ, Feng T. Disrupted Brain Network Hubs in Subtype-Specific Parkinson's Disease. Eur Neurol 2017; 78:200-209. [PMID: 28898869 DOI: 10.1159/000477902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The topological organization of brain functional networks is impaired in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the altered patterns of functional network hubs in different subtypes of PD are not completely understood. METHODS 3T resting-state functional MRI and voxel-based graph-theory analysis were employed to systematically investigate the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of whole-brain networks. We enrolled 31 patients with PD (12 tremor dominant [TD] and 19 with postural instability/gait difficulty [PIGD]) and 22 matched healthy controls. Whole-brain voxel-wise functional networks were constructed by measuring the temporal correlations of each pair of brain voxels. Functional connectivity strength was calculated to explore the brain network hubs. RESULTS We found that both the TD and PIGD subtypes had comprehensive disrupted regions. These mainly involved the basal ganglia, cerebellum, superior temporal gyrus, pre- and postcentral gyri, inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus, insula, and parahippocampal gyrus. Furthermore, the PIGD subgroup had more disrupted hubs in the cerebellum than the TD subgroup. These disruptions of hub connectivity were not correlated with the HY stage or disease duration. CONCLUSION Our results emphasize the subtype-specific PD-related degeneration of brain hubs, providing novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of connectivity dysfunction in different PD subgroups.
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49
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Yildiz FG, Saka E, Elibol B, Temucin CM. Modulation of Cerebellar-Cortical Connections in Multiple System Atrophy Type C by Cerebellar Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:402-408. [PMID: 28266761 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims at modulating the altered cerebellar-cortical interactions in patients with multiple system atrophy-cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) by using cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We hypothesized that cerebellar modulation by low-frequency rTMS can resolve the abnormal cortical excitability in multiple system atrophy cerebellar subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied detailed effects of rTMS of the cerebellum on reaction time (RT) and short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) response in MSA-C group, Alzheimer Disease (AD) group, and a control group of healthy individuals. The RT and SAI responses were measured before and after 1 Hz cerebellar rTMS in all groups. The study was conducted in the neurophysiology laboratory in Hacettepe University Hospital. RESULTS Our results indicated that motor cortex disinhibition was predominant in patients with AD and MSA-C. In AD and control groups, there were no changes in SAI after rTMS. However, after application of rTMS over the cerebellum in MSA-C patients, the pathological disinhibition and RT results showed an improvement compared to their previous results. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that cerebellar rTMS impairs abnormal cerebellar-cortical inhibitory connections in case of MSA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gokcem Yildiz
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esen Saka
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Elibol
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagri Mesut Temucin
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Dopamine and serotonin modulation of motor and non-motor functions of the non-human primate striato-pallidal circuits in normal and pathological states. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:485-500. [PMID: 28176009 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the non-human primate (NHP), we have shown that the pharmacological disturbance of the anterior striatum or of external globus pallidus triggers a set of motivation and movement disorders, depending on the functional subterritory involved. One can, therefore, assume that the aberrant activity of the different subterritories of basal ganglia (BG) could lead to different behavioral disorders in neuropsychiatric disorders as Tourette's syndrome and Parkinson's disease. We are now addressing in the NHP the impact of modulating dopamine or serotonin within the BG on behavioral disorders. Indeed, we have shown a prominent role of serotonergic degeneration within the ventral striatum and caudate nucleus in neuropsychiatric symptoms in de novo PD patients. Of note, the serotonergic modulation of these BG regions in the NHP plays also a critical role in the induction or treatment of behavioral disorders. Given that both dopamine and serotonin are targeted to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, we are studying the effects of modulating dopamine and serotonin transporters in the different territories of the striatum, and more particularly within the ventral striatum on decision-making processing at both behavioral and neuronal levels. Finally, we evidence the need to extend the pharmacological approach to the receptors of these two neuromodulator systems as the use of substances targeting receptor subtypes preferentially localized in the associative and limbic territories of BG could be very effective to specifically improve the behavioral disorders in Parkinson's disease, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome but also in several psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, anorexia, or impulse control disorders.
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