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Odagiri K, Fujisaki H, Takada H, Ogawa R. Mathematical model for promotion of wound closure with ATP release. Biophys Physicobiol 2023; 20:e200023. [PMID: 38496238 PMCID: PMC10941958 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v20.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
To computationally investigate the recent experimental finding such that extracellular ATP release caused by exogeneous mechanical forces promote wound closure, we introduce a mathematical model, the Cellular Potts Model (CPM), which is a popular discretized model on a lattice, where the movement of a "cell" is determined by a Monte Carlo procedure. In the experiment, it was observed that there is mechanosensitive ATP release from the leading cells facing the wound gap and the subsequent extracellular Ca2+ influx. To model these phenomena, the Reaction-Diffusion equations for extracellular ATP and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are adopted and combined with CPM, where we also add a polarity term because the cell migration is enhanced in the case of ATP release. From the numerical simulations using this hybrid model, we discuss effects of the collective cell migration due to the ATP release and the Ca2+ influx caused by the mechanical forces and the consequent promotion of wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Odagiri
- School of Network and Information, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8580, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujisaki
- AMED-CREST, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Physics, Nippon Medical School, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takada
- AMED-CREST, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Anti-Aging and Preventive Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Rei Ogawa
- AMED-CREST, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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2
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Hino N, Rossetti L, Marín-Llauradó A, Aoki K, Trepat X, Matsuda M, Hirashima T. ERK-Mediated Mechanochemical Waves Direct Collective Cell Polarization. Dev Cell 2020; 53:646-660.e8. [PMID: 32497487 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During collective migration of epithelial cells, the migration direction is aligned over a tissue-scale expanse. Although the collective cell migration is known to be directed by mechanical forces transmitted via cell-cell junctions, it remains elusive how the intercellular force transmission is coordinated with intracellular biochemical signaling to achieve collective movements. Here, we show that intercellular coupling of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated mechanochemical feedback yields long-distance transmission of guidance cues. Mechanical stretch activates ERK through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, and ERK activation triggers cell contraction. The contraction of the activated cell pulls neighboring cells, evoking another round of ERK activation and contraction in the neighbors. Furthermore, anisotropic contraction based on front-rear polarization guarantees unidirectional propagation of ERK activation, and in turn, the ERK activation waves direct multicellular alignment of the polarity, leading to long-range ordered migration. Our findings reveal that mechanical forces mediate intercellular signaling underlying sustained transmission of guidance cues for collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hino
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Leone Rossetti
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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3
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Zaidi KF, Agrawal N. Microstencil-based spatial immobilization of individual cells for single cell analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:064104. [PMID: 30867865 PMCID: PMC6404921 DOI: 10.1063/1.5061922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells exhibit biologically heterogeneous phenotypes, particularly in pathogenic states. To study cell behavior at the single cell level, a variety of micropatterning techniques have been proposed that allow the spatial organization of cells with great control over cell volume, morphology, and intercellular interactions. Among these strategies, microstencil patterning has traditionally been eschewed due to fragility of membranes and lack of control over cell configurations within patterns. Here, we present a simple and reproducible strategy to create robust microstencils and achieve consistent and efficient cell patterns requiring less than 4 μl of cell solution. Polydimethylsiloxane microstencils fabricated with this technique can be used dozens of times over the course of several months with minimal wear or degradation. Characterization of pattern size, cell suspension density, and droplet volume allows on-demand configurations of singlets, doublets, triplets, or multiple cells per individual space. In addition, a novel technique to suppress evaporative convection provides precise and repeatable results, with a twofold increase in patterning efficacy. Selective dual surface modification to create hydrophilic islands on a hydrophobic substrate facilitates a significantly longer and healthier lifespan of cells without crossover of pattern boundaries. The ability to pattern individual cells with or without an extracellular matrix substrate and to control the magnitude of cell-cell contact as well as spread area provides a powerful approach to monitoring cell functions such as proliferation and intercellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija F. Zaidi
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22033, USA
| | - Nitin Agrawal
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22033, USA
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4
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Bitsouni V, Eftimie R. Non-local Parabolic and Hyperbolic Models for Cell Polarisation in Heterogeneous Cancer Cell Populations. Bull Math Biol 2018; 80:2600-2632. [PMID: 30136211 PMCID: PMC6153854 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-018-0477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumours consist of heterogeneous populations of cells. The sub-populations can have different features, including cell motility, proliferation and metastatic potential. The interactions between clonal sub-populations are complex, from stable coexistence to dominant behaviours. The cell–cell interactions, i.e. attraction, repulsion and alignment, processes critical in cancer invasion and metastasis, can be influenced by the mutation of cancer cells. In this study, we develop a mathematical model describing cancer cell invasion and movement for two polarised cancer cell populations with different levels of mutation. We consider a system of non-local hyperbolic equations that incorporate cell–cell interactions in the speed and the turning behaviour of cancer cells, and take a formal parabolic limit to transform this model into a non-local parabolic model. We then investigate the possibility of aggregations to form, and perform numerical simulations for both hyperbolic and parabolic models, comparing the patterns obtained for these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Bitsouni
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
| | - Raluca Eftimie
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
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5
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Hirashima T, Rens EG, Merks RMH. Cellular Potts modeling of complex multicellular behaviors in tissue morphogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:329-339. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences Kyoto University 53 Kawahara, Shogoin, Sakyo‐ku Kyoto 606‐8507 Japan
| | - Elisabeth G. Rens
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Life Sciences Group Science Park 123 1098 XG Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 1 2333 CA Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Roeland M. H. Merks
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica Life Sciences Group Science Park 123 1098 XG Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 1 2333 CA Leiden the Netherlands
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6
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Volksdorf T, Heilmann J, Eming SA, Schawjinski K, Zorn-Kruppa M, Ueck C, Vidal-Y-Sy S, Windhorst S, Jücker M, Moll I, Brandner JM. Tight Junction Proteins Claudin-1 and Occludin Are Important for Cutaneous Wound Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1301-1312. [PMID: 28412298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins are known to be involved in proliferation and differentiation. These processes are essential for normal skin wound healing. Here, we investigated the TJ proteins claudin-1 and occludin in ex vivo skin wound healing models and tissue samples of acute and chronic human wounds and observed major differences in localization/expression of these proteins, with chronic wounds often showing a loss of the proteins at the wound margins and/or in the regenerating epidermis. Knockdown experiments in primary human keratinocytes showed that decreased claudin-1 expression resulted in significantly impaired scratch wound healing, with delayed migration and reduced proliferation. Activation of AKT pathway was significantly attenuated after claudin-1 knockdown, and protein levels of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 were reduced. For occludin, down-regulation had no impact on wound healing in normal scratch assays, but after subjecting the cells to mechanical stress, which is normally present in wounds, wound healing was impaired. For both proteins we show that most of these actions are independent from the formation of barrier-forming TJ structures, thus demonstrating nonbarrier-related functions of TJ proteins in the skin. However, for claudin-1 effects on scratch wound healing were more pronounced when TJs could form. Together, our findings provide evidence for a role of claudin-1 and occludin in epidermal regeneration with potential clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volksdorf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Heilmann
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schawjinski
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Zorn-Kruppa
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Ueck
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal-Y-Sy
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Moll
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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7
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Plutoni C, Bazellieres E, Le Borgne-Rochet M, Comunale F, Brugues A, Séveno M, Planchon D, Thuault S, Morin N, Bodin S, Trepat X, Gauthier-Rouvière C. P-cadherin promotes collective cell migration via a Cdc42-mediated increase in mechanical forces. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:199-217. [PMID: 26783302 PMCID: PMC4738379 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201505105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
P-cadherin induces polarization and collective cell migration through an increase in the strength and anisotropy of mechanical forces, which is mediated by the P-cadherin/β-PIX/Cdc42 axis. Collective cell migration (CCM) is essential for organism development, wound healing, and metastatic transition, the primary cause of cancer-related death, and it involves cell–cell adhesion molecules of the cadherin family. Increased P-cadherin expression levels are correlated with tumor aggressiveness in carcinoma and aggressive sarcoma; however, how P-cadherin promotes tumor malignancy remains unknown. Here, using integrated cell biology and biophysical approaches, we determined that P-cadherin specifically induces polarization and CCM through an increase in the strength and anisotropy of mechanical forces. We show that this mechanical regulation is mediated by the P-cadherin/β-PIX/Cdc42 axis; P-cadherin specifically activates Cdc42 through β-PIX, which is specifically recruited at cell–cell contacts upon CCM. This mechanism of cell polarization and migration is absent in cells expressing E- or R-cadherin. Thus, we identify a specific role of P-cadherin through β-PIX–mediated Cdc42 activation in the regulation of cell polarity and force anisotropy that drives CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Plutoni
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Bazellieres
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maïlys Le Borgne-Rochet
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Agusti Brugues
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martial Séveno
- Functional Proteomics Platform, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1191, Universités Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Thuault
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Morin
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Universités Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
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8
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Muir AB, Dods K, Noah Y, Toltzis S, Chandramouleeswaran PM, Lee A, Benitez A, Bedenbaugh A, Falk GW, Wells RG, Nakagawa H, Wang ML. Esophageal epithelial cells acquire functional characteristics of activated myofibroblasts after undergoing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:102-10. [PMID: 25183431 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory disease that leads to esophageal fibrosis and stricture. We have recently shown that in EoE, esophageal epithelial cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by gain of mesenchymal markers and loss of epithelial gene expression. Whether epithelial cells exposed to profibrotic cytokines can also acquire the functional characteristics of activated myofibroblasts, including migration, contraction, and extracellular matrix deposition, is relevant to our understanding and treatment of EoE-associated fibrogenesis. In the current study, we characterize cell migration, contraction, and collagen production by esophageal epithelial cells that have undergone cytokine-induced EMT in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Stimulation of human non-transformed immortalized esophageal epithelial cells (EPC2-hTERT) with profibrotic cytokines TNFα, TGFβ, and IL1β for three weeks led to acquisition of mesenchymal αSMA and vimentin, and loss of epithelial E-cadherin expression. Upon removal of the profibrotic stimulus, epithelial characteristics were partially rescued. TGFβ stimulation had a robust effect upon epithelial collagen production. Surprisingly, TNFα stimulation had the most potent effect upon cell migration and contraction, exceeding the effects of the prototypical profibrotic cytokine TGFβ. IL1β stimulation alone had minimal effect upon esophageal epithelial migration, contraction, and collagen production. CONCLUSIONS Esophageal epithelial cells that have undergone EMT acquire functional characteristics of activated myofibroblasts in vitro. Profibrotic cytokines exert differential effects upon esophageal epithelial cells, underscoring complexities of fibrogenesis in EoE, and implicating esophageal epithelial cells as effector cells in EoE-associated fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Kara Dods
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yuli Noah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sarit Toltzis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Anna Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Alain Benitez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Adam Bedenbaugh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Gary W Falk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rebecca G Wells
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mei-Lun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children׳s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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9
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Castro-Muñozledo F, Velez-DelValle C, Marsch-Moreno M, Hernández-Quintero M, Kuri-Harcuch W. Vimentin is necessary for colony growth of human diploid keratinocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:45-57. [PMID: 25142512 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of vimentin (Vim) in diploid epithelial cells is not well known. To understand its biological function, we cultured human epidermal keratinocytes under conditions that support migration, proliferation, stratification and terminal differentiation. We identified a keratinocyte subpopulation that shows a p63(+)/α5β1(bright) phenotype and displays Vim intermediate filaments (IFs) besides their keratin IF network. These cells were mainly located at the proliferative/migratory rim of the growing colonies; but also, they were scarce and scattered or formed small groups of basal cells in confluent stratified epithelia. Stimulation of cells with EGF and wounding experiments in confluent arrested epithelia increased the number of Vim(+) keratinocytes in an extent higher to the expected for a cell population doubling. BrdU labeling demonstrated that most of the proliferative cells located at the migratory border of the colony have Vim, in contrast with proliferative cells located at the basal layer at the center of big colonies which lacked of Vim IFs, suggesting that Vim expression was not solely linked to proliferation. Therefore, we silenced Vim mRNA in the cultured keratinocytes and observed an inhibition of colony growth. Such results, together with long-term cultivation assays which showed that Vim might be associated to pattern formation in cultured epithelia, suggest that Vim expression is essential for a highly motile phenotype, which is necessary for keratinocyte colony growth and possibly for development and wound healing. Vim(+)/p63(+)/α5β1(bright) epithelial cells may play a significant physiological role in embryonic morphogenetic movements; wound healing and other pathologies such as carcinomas and hyperproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Castro-Muñozledo
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Apdo, Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico,
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10
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Nakaoka S. Multiscale mathematical modeling and simulation of cellular dynamical process. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1195:269-283. [PMID: 24659535 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by dynamic interactions among molecules and cells at different spatiotemporal scales. Mathematical modeling and simulation is expected to provide clear understanding and precise description of multiscaleness in tissue homeostasis under systems perspective. We introduce a stochastic process-based description of multiscale dynamics. Agent-based modeling as a framework of multiscale modeling to achieve consistent integration of definitive subsystems is proposed. A newly developed algorithm that particularly aims to perform stochastic simulations of cellular dynamical process is introduced. Finally we review applications of multiscale modeling and quantitative study to important aspects of epidermal and epithelial homeostasis.
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11
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Rausch S, Das T, Soiné JRD, Hofmann TW, Boehm CHJ, Schwarz US, Boehm H, Spatz JP. Polarizing cytoskeletal tension to induce leader cell formation during collective cell migration. Biointerphases 2013; 8:32. [PMID: 24706149 DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The collective migration of cells is fundamental to epithelial biology. One of the hallmarks of collective behavior in migrating cohesive epithelial cell sheets is the emergence of so called leader cells. These cells exhibit a distinct morphology with a large and highly active lamellipodium. Although it is generally accepted that they play a crucial part in collective migration, the biophysical factors that regulate their formation remain unknown.Here we show that a geometry-based cue like local variation of curvature of the collective's perimeter is capable of triggering leader cell formation and promoting enhanced motility at defined positions. Remarkably, the extent of this effect scales with the magnitude of the curvature.Cytoskeletal tension was found to be important for geometry induced leader cell formation, as cells treated with tension reducing agents appeared less sensitive to local curvature variation. Accordingly, traction force microscopy revealed an increased level of shear stress at highly curved positions even before the cell migration had actually started, indicating the presence of a collective polarization induced by the geometry of the confinement.Together our findings suggest that high curvature leads to locally increased stress accumulation, mediated via cell-substrate interaction as well as via cytoskeleton tension. The stress accumulation in turn enhances the probability of leader cell formation as well as cell motility. This work defines the importance of geometric cue such as local curvature in the collective migration dynamics of epithelial cells and thus shows implications for the biophysical regulation of epithelium during wound healing, embryonic development, and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rausch
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany,
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