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Guibentif C, Griffiths JA, Imaz-Rosshandler I, Ghazanfar S, Nichols J, Wilson V, Göttgens B, Marioni JC. Diverse Routes toward Early Somites in the Mouse Embryo. Dev Cell 2021; 56:141-153.e6. [PMID: 33308481 PMCID: PMC7808755 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Somite formation is foundational to creating the vertebrate segmental body plan. Here, we describe three transcriptional trajectories toward somite formation in the early mouse embryo. Precursors of the anterior-most somites ingress through the primitive streak before E7 and migrate anteriorly by E7.5, while a second wave of more posterior somites develops in the vicinity of the streak. Finally, neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) are set aside for subsequent trunk somitogenesis. Single-cell profiling of T-/- chimeric embryos shows that the anterior somites develop in the absence of T and suggests a cell-autonomous function of T as a gatekeeper between paraxial mesoderm production and the building of the NMP pool. Moreover, we identify putative regulators of early T-independent somites and challenge the T-Sox2 cross-antagonism model in early NMPs. Our study highlights the concept of molecular flexibility during early cell-type specification, with broad relevance for pluripotent stem cell differentiation and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Guibentif
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan A Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivan Imaz-Rosshandler
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK
| | - Shila Ghazanfar
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3DY Cambridge, UK
| | - Valerie Wilson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of the Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK; Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW Cambridge, UK.
| | - John C Marioni
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, CB2 0RE Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, CB10 1SA Cambridge, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, CB10 1SD Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Swedlund B, Lescroart F. Cardiopharyngeal Progenitor Specification: Multiple Roads to the Heart and Head Muscles. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a036731. [PMID: 31818856 PMCID: PMC7397823 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, the heart arises from various sources of undifferentiated mesodermal progenitors, with an additional contribution from ectodermal neural crest cells. Mesodermal cardiac progenitors are plastic and multipotent, but are nevertheless specified to a precise heart region and cell type very early during development. Recent findings have defined both this lineage plasticity and early commitment of cardiac progenitors, using a combination of single-cell and population analyses. In this review, we discuss several aspects of cardiac progenitor specification. We discuss their markers, fate potential in vitro and in vivo, early segregation and commitment, and also intrinsic and extrinsic cues regulating lineage restriction from multipotency to a specific cell type of the heart. Finally, we also discuss the subdivisions of the cardiopharyngeal field, and the shared origins of the heart with other mesodermal derivatives, including head and neck muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Swedlund
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Helmbacher F, Stricker S. Tissue cross talks governing limb muscle development and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:14-30. [PMID: 32517852 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For decades, limb development has been a paradigm of three-dimensional patterning. Moreover, as the limb muscles and the other tissues of the limb's musculoskeletal system arise from distinct developmental sources, it has been a prime example of integrative morphogenesis and cross-tissue communication. As the limbs grow, all components of the musculoskeletal system (muscles, tendons, connective tissue, nerves) coordinate their growth and differentiation, ultimately giving rise to a functional unit capable of executing elaborate movement. While the molecular mechanisms governing global three-dimensional patterning and formation of the skeletal structures of the limbs has been a matter of intense research, patterning of the soft tissues is less understood. Here, we review the development of limb muscles with an emphasis on their interaction with other tissue types and the instructive roles these tissues play. Furthermore, we discuss the role of adult correlates of these embryonic accessory tissues in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Osborn DPS, Li K, Cutty SJ, Nelson AC, Wardle FC, Hinits Y, Hughes SM. Fgf-driven Tbx protein activities directly induce myf5 and myod to initiate zebrafish myogenesis. Development 2020; 147:147/8/dev184689. [PMID: 32345657 PMCID: PMC7197714 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle derives from dorsal mesoderm formed during vertebrate gastrulation. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling cooperates with Tbx transcription factors to promote dorsal mesoderm formation, but their role in myogenesis has been unclear. Using zebrafish, we show that dorsally derived Fgf signals act through Tbx16 and Tbxta to induce slow and fast trunk muscle precursors at distinct dorsoventral positions. Tbx16 binds to and directly activates the myf5 and myod genes, which are required for commitment to myogenesis. Tbx16 activity depends on Fgf signalling from the organiser. In contrast, Tbxta is not required for myf5 expression, but binds a specific site upstream of myod that is not bound by Tbx16 and drives (dependent on Fgf signals) myod expression in adaxial slow precursors, thereby initiating trunk myogenesis. After gastrulation, when similar muscle cell populations in the post-anal tail are generated from tailbud, declining Fgf signalling is less effective at initiating adaxial myogenesis, which is instead initiated by Hedgehog signalling from the notochord. Our findings suggest a hypothesis for ancestral vertebrate trunk myogenic patterning and how it was co-opted during tail evolution to generate similar muscle by new mechanisms. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Highlighted Article: Tbx16 and Tbxta activate myf5 and myod directly during the earliest myogenesis in zebrafish, and Fgf signalling acts through Tbx16 to drive myogenesis in trunk but not tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P S Osborn
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kuoyu Li
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Stephen J Cutty
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fiona C Wardle
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Yaniv Hinits
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Kim E, Wu F, Wu X, Choo HJ. Generation of craniofacial myogenic progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 248:119995. [PMID: 32283390 PMCID: PMC7232788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial skeletal muscle is composed of approximately 60 muscles, which have critical functions including food uptake, eye movements and facial expressions. Although craniofacial muscles have significantly different embryonic origin, most current skeletal muscle differentiation protocols using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are based on somite-derived limb and trunk muscle developmental pathways. Since the lack of a protocol for craniofacial muscles is a significant gap in the iPSC-derived muscle field, we have developed an optimized protocol to generate craniofacial myogenic precursor cells (cMPCs) from human iPSCs by mimicking key signaling pathways during craniofacial embryonic myogenesis. At each different stage, human iPSC-derived cMPCs mirror the transcription factor expression profiles seen in their counterparts during embryo development. After the bi-potential cranial pharyngeal mesoderm is established, cells are committed to cranial skeletal muscle lineages with inhibition of cardiac lineages and are purified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, identities of Ipsc-derived cMPCs are verified with human primary myoblasts from craniofacial muscles using RNA sequencing. These data suggest that our new method could provide not only in vitro research tools to study muscle specificity of muscular dystrophy but also abundant and reliable cellular resources for tissue engineering to support craniofacial reconstruction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hyojung J Choo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Cxcr4 and Sdf-1 are critically involved in the formation of facial and non-somitic neck muscles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5049. [PMID: 32193486 PMCID: PMC7081242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study shows that the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis regulates the migration of second branchial arch-derived muscles as well as non-somitic neck muscles. Cxcr4 is expressed by skeletal muscle progenitor cells in the second branchial arch (BA2). Muscles derived from the second branchial arch, but not from the first, fail to form in Cxcr4 mutants at embryonic days E13.5 and E14.5. Cxcr4 is also required for the development of non-somitic neck muscles. In Cxcr4 mutants, non-somitic neck muscle development is severely perturbed. In vivo experiments in chicken by means of loss-of-function approach based on the application of beads loaded with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 into the cranial paraxial mesoderm resulted in decreased expression of Tbx1 in the BA2. Furthermore, disrupting this chemokine signal at a later stage by implanting these beads into the BA2 caused a reduction in MyoR, Myf5 and MyoD expression. In contrast, gain-of-function experiments based on the implantation of SDF-1 beads into BA2 resulted in an attraction of myogenic progenitor cells, which was reflected in an expansion of the expression domain of these myogenic markers towards the SDF-1 source. Thus, Cxcr4 is required for the formation of the BA2 derived muscles and non-somitic neck muscles.
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Ling Y, Zheng Q, Zhu L, Xu L, Sui M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Fang F, Chu M, Ma Y, Zhang X. Trend analysis of the role of circular RNA in goat skeletal muscle development. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:220. [PMID: 32151242 PMCID: PMC7063781 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNA) is produced during the splicing of mRNA (in addition to linear splicing) and is part of the gene regulatory network. The temporal expression patterns the different developmental stages were inseparable from these molecules’ function. Results Skeletal muscles of Anhui white goat (AWG) across seven fetal to postnatal development stages were sequenced and 21 RNA sequencing libraries were constructed. We thereby identified 9090 circRNAs and analyzed their molecular properties, temporal expression patterns, and potential functions at the different stages. CircRNAs showed complexities and diversity of formation as the same host gene produces multiple isoforms of these nucleic acids with different expression profiles. The differential expression of 2881 circRNAs (DECs, P < 0.05) was identified and four were randomly selected and validated by qPCR. Moreover, 1118 DECs under strict selected (SDECs, |log2FC| > 2 and P-adj value < 0.01) showed 4 expression trends (Clusters 0, 19, 16 and 18). Cluster 0 molecules had increasing expression at all stages with effects on muscle through metabolism, regulation of enzyme activity, and biosynthesis. Cluster 16 circRNAs had high expression in the early and late stages and are involved in “Wnt signaling pathway”, “AMPK signaling pathway” and others. Cluster 18 molecules were mainly expressed at F120 and participate in “cytoskeletal protein binding”, “Notch signaling pathway” and so on. Cluster 19 circRNAs were down-regulated at all stages and related to muscle structure and development. Lastly, the SDECs divided the period of skeletal muscle development into three transitional stages: stage 1 (F45 to F90), which related to muscle satellite cell proliferation and muscle fiber structure; stage 2 (F90 to B1), in which the attachment of the cytoplasmic surface to the actin cytoskeleton initiates; and stage 3, which involved the “cGMP-PKG signaling pathway”. Moreover, the paraffin sections messages also validated that there are three transitional stages of skeletal muscle development. Conclusion Our current study provides a catalog of goat muscle-related circRNAs that can stratify skeletal muscle development fetus 45 days to newborn 90 days into three developmental stages. These findings better our understanding of functional transitions during mammalian muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. .,School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui province, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui province, Hefei, China
| | - Lina Xu
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Menghua Sui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui province, Hefei, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui province, Hefei, China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui province, Hefei, China
| | - Fugui Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui province, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Biobreeding Laboratory of Anhui province, Hefei, China
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Penaloza JS, Pappas MP, Hagen HR, Xie N, Chan SSK. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of Mesp1-induced skeletal myogenic development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:284-290. [PMID: 31590918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mesp1 lineage contributes to cardiac, hematopoietic and skeletal myogenic development. Interestingly, muscle stem cells residing in craniofacial skeletal muscles primarily arise from Mesp1+ progenitors, but those in trunk and limb skeletal muscles do not. To gain insights into the difference between the head and trunk/limb muscle developmental processes, we studied Mesp1+ skeletal myogenic derivatives via single-cell RNA-seq and other strategies. Using a doxycycline-inducible Mesp1-expressing mouse embryonic stem cell line, we found that the development of Mesp1-induced skeletal myogenic progenitors can be characterized by dynamic expression of PDGFRα and VCAM1. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed the heterogeneous nature of these Mesp1+ derivatives, spanning pluripotent and mesodermal to mesenchymal and skeletal myogenic. We subsequently reconstructed the single-cell trajectories of these subpopulations. Our data thereby provide a cell fate projection of Mesp1-induced skeletal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Aldea D, Subirana L, Keime C, Meister L, Maeso I, Marcellini S, Gomez-Skarmeta JL, Bertrand S, Escriva H. Genetic regulation of amphioxus somitogenesis informs the evolution of the vertebrate head mesoderm. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1233-1240. [PMID: 31263232 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of vertebrates from an ancestral chordate was accompanied by the acquisition of a predatory lifestyle closely associated to the origin of a novel anterior structure, the highly specialized head. While the vertebrate head mesoderm is unsegmented, the paraxial mesoderm of the earliest divergent chordate clade, the cephalochordates (amphioxus), is fully segmented in somites. We have previously shown that fibroblast growth factor signalling controls the formation of the most anterior somites in amphioxus; therefore, unravelling the fibroblast growth factor signalling downstream effectors is of crucial importance to shed light on the evolutionary origin of vertebrate head muscles. By using a comparative RNA sequencing approach and genetic functional analyses, we show that several transcription factors, such as Six1/2, Pax3/7 and Zic, act in combination to ensure the formation of three different somite populations. Interestingly, these proteins are orthologous to key regulators of trunk, and not head, muscle formation in vertebrates. Contrary to prevailing thinking, our results suggest that the vertebrate head mesoderm is of visceral and not paraxial origin and support a multistep evolutionary scenario for the appearance of the unsegmented mesoderm of the vertebrates new 'head'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aldea
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Lucie Subirana
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Celine Keime
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, U1258, CNRS, UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lydvina Meister
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ignacio Maeso
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Gomez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Stephanie Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Hector Escriva
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
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