1
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Rashid A, Tevlin M, Lu Y, Shaham S. A developmental pathway for epithelial-to-motoneuron transformation in C. elegans. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111414. [PMID: 36170838 PMCID: PMC9579992 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons and motoneuron-like pancreatic β cells arise from radial glia and ductal cells, respectively, both tube-lining progenitors that share molecular regulators. To uncover programs underlying motoneuron formation, we studied a similar, cell-division-independent transformation of the C. elegans tube-lining Y cell into the PDA motoneuron. We find that lin-12/Notch acts through ngn-1/Ngn and its regulator hlh-16/Olig to control transformation timing. lin-12 loss blocks transformation, while lin-12(gf) promotes precocious PDA formation. Early basal expression of ngn-1/Ngn and hlh-16/Olig depends on sem-4/Sall and egl-5/Hox. Later, coincident with Y cell morphological changes, ngn-1/Ngn expression is upregulated in a sem-4/Sall and egl-5/Hox-dependent but hlh-16/Olig-independent manner. Subsequently, Y cell retrograde extension forms an anchored process priming PDA axon extension. Extension requires ngn-1-dependent expression of the cytoskeleton organizers UNC-119, UNC-44/ANK, and UNC-33/CRMP, which also activate PDA terminal-gene expression. Our findings uncover cell-division-independent regulatory events leading to motoneuron generation, suggesting a conserved pathway for epithelial-to-motoneuron/motoneuron-like cell differentiation. Rashid et al. report on a conserved epithelial-to-motoneuron transformation pathway in C. elegans requiring ngn-1/Ngn and hlh-16/Olig. lin-12/Notch regulates transformation timing through these genes, while ngn-1/Ngn and hlh-16/Olig expression levels are regulated by sem-4/Sall and egl-5/Hox. Unexpectedly, the cytoskeleton organizers UNC-119, UNC-44, and UNC-33, which are ngn-1/Ngn targets, promote motoneuron terminal identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Rashid
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maya Tevlin
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shai Shaham
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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Bakhti M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Tritschler S, Czarnecki O, Tarquis-Medina M, Nedvedova E, Jaki J, Willmann SJ, Scheibner K, Cota P, Salinno C, Boldt K, Horn N, Ueffing M, Burtscher I, Theis FJ, Coskun Ü, Lickert H. Synaptotagmin-13 orchestrates pancreatic endocrine cell egression and islet morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4540. [PMID: 35927244 PMCID: PMC9352765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pancreas development endocrine cells leave the ductal epithelium to form the islets of Langerhans, but the morphogenetic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we identify the Ca2+-independent atypical Synaptotagmin-13 (Syt13) as a key regulator of endocrine cell egression and islet formation. We detect specific upregulation of the Syt13 gene and encoded protein in endocrine precursors and the respective lineage during islet formation. The Syt13 protein is localized to the apical membrane of endocrine precursors and to the front domain of egressing endocrine cells, marking a previously unidentified apical-basal to front-rear repolarization during endocrine precursor cell egression. Knockout of Syt13 impairs endocrine cell egression and skews the α-to-β-cell ratio. Mechanistically, Syt13 is a vesicle trafficking protein, transported via the microtubule cytoskeleton, and interacts with phosphatidylinositol phospholipids for polarized localization. By internalizing a subset of plasma membrane proteins at the front domain, including α6β4 integrins, Syt13 modulates cell-matrix adhesion and allows efficient endocrine cell egression. Altogether, these findings uncover an unexpected role for Syt13 as a morphogenetic driver of endocrinogenesis and islet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Czarnecki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, München, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, München, Germany
| | - Eva Nedvedova
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,SOTIO a.s, Jankovcova 1518/2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica Jaki
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Willmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, München, Germany
| | - Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, München, Germany
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Horn
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Garching b, Munich, Germany
| | - Ünal Coskun
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research, Carl Gustav Carus School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. .,Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, München, Germany.
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3
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Waters BJ, Blum B. Axon Guidance Molecules in the Islets of Langerhans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869780. [PMID: 35498433 PMCID: PMC9048200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans, responsible for regulating blood glucose in vertebrates, are clusters of endocrine cells distributed throughout the exocrine pancreas. The spatial architecture of the different cell types within the islets controls cell-cell communication and impacts their ability to collectively regulate glucose. Islets rely on a range of chemotactic and adhesive cues to establish and manage intercellular relationships. Growing evidence indicates that axon guidance molecules such as Slit-Robo, Semaphorin-Neuropilin, Ephrin-Eph, and Netrins, influence endocrine progenitors' cell migration to establish correct architecture during islet morphogenesis, as well as directly regulating physical cell-cell communication in the mature islet to coordinate hormone secretion. In this mini-review, we discuss what is known and not yet known about how axon guidance molecules contribute to islet morphogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barak Blum
- *Correspondence: Bayley J. Waters, ; Barak Blum,
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4
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Erener S, Ellis CE, Ramzy A, Glavas MM, O’Dwyer S, Pereira S, Wang T, Pang J, Bruin JE, Riedel MJ, Baker RK, Webber TD, Lesina M, Blüher M, Algül H, Kopp JL, Herzig S, Kieffer TJ. Deletion of pancreas-specific miR-216a reduces beta-cell mass and inhibits pancreatic cancer progression in mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100434. [PMID: 34841287 PMCID: PMC8606901 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs have crucial functions in many biological processes and are candidate biomarkers of disease. Here, we show that miR-216a is a conserved, pancreas-specific miRNA with important roles in pancreatic islet and acinar cells. Deletion of miR-216a in mice leads to a reduction in islet size, β-cell mass, and insulin levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a subpopulation of β-cells with upregulated acinar cell markers under a high-fat diet. miR-216a is induced by TGF-β signaling, and inhibition of miR-216a increases apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation in pancreatic cells. Deletion of miR-216a in the pancreatic cancer-prone mouse line KrasG12D;Ptf1aCreER reduces the propensity of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions. Notably, circulating miR-216a levels are elevated in both mice and humans with pancreatic cancer. Collectively, our study gives insights into how β-cell mass and acinar cell growth are modulated by a pancreas-specific miRNA and also suggests miR-216a as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheda Erener
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cara E. Ellis
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adam Ramzy
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria M. Glavas
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon O’Dwyer
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom Wang
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice Pang
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Bruin
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J. Riedel
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert K. Baker
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Travis D. Webber
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marina Lesina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janel L. Kopp
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J. Kieffer
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Messerschmidt VL, Chintapula U, Kuriakose AE, Laboy S, Truong TTD, Kydd LA, Jaworski J, Pan Z, Sadek H, Nguyen KT, Lee J. Notch Intracellular Domain Plasmid Delivery via Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles to Upregulate Notch Pathway Molecules. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:707897. [PMID: 34651022 PMCID: PMC8507495 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling system that is required for embryonic development and regeneration of organs. When the signal is lost, maldevelopment occurs and leads to a lethal state. Delivering exogenous genetic materials encoding Notch into cells can reestablish downstream signaling and rescue cellular functions. In this study, we utilized the negatively charged and FDA approved polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) to encapsulate Notch Intracellular Domain-containing plasmid in nanoparticles. We show that primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) readily uptake the nanoparticles with and without specific antibody targets. We demonstrated that our nanoparticles are non-toxic, stable over time, and compatible with blood. We further demonstrated that HUVECs could be successfully transfected with these nanoparticles in static and dynamic environments. Lastly, we elucidated that these nanoparticles could upregulate the downstream genes of Notch signaling, indicating that the payload was viable and successfully altered the genetic downstream effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Messerschmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Aneetta E Kuriakose
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Laboy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Thuy Thi Dang Truong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - LeNaiya A Kydd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Hashem Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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6
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Abstract
The pancreas of adult mammals displays a branched structure which transports digestive enzymes produced in the distal acini through a tree-like network of ducts into the duodenum. In contrast to several other branched organs, its branching patterns are not stereotypic. Moreover, the branches do not grow from dichotomic splitting of an initial stem but rather from the formation of microlumen in a mass of cells. These lumen progressively assemble into a hyperconnected network that refines into a tree by the time of birth. We review the cell remodeling events and the molecular mechanisms governing pancreas branching, as well as the role of the surrounding tissues in this process. Furthermore, we draw parallels with other branched organs such as the salivary and mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Flasse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Coline Schewin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Freudenblum J, Meyer D, Kimmel RA. Inducible Mosaic Cell Labeling Provides Insights Into Pancreatic Islet Morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586651. [PMID: 33102488 PMCID: PMC7546031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets, discrete microorgans embedded within the exocrine pancreas, contain beta cells which are critical for glucose homeostasis. Loss or dysfunction of beta cells leads to diabetes, a disease with expanding global prevalence, and for which regenerative therapies are actively being pursued. Recent efforts have focused on producing mature beta cells in vitro, but it is increasingly recognized that achieving a faithful three-dimensional islet structure is crucial for generating fully functional beta cells. Our current understanding of islet morphogenesis is far from complete, due to the deep internal location of the pancreas in mammalian models, which hampers direct visualization. Zebrafish is a model system well suited for studies of pancreas morphogenesis due to its transparency and the accessible location of the larval pancreas. In order to further clarify the cellular mechanisms of islet formation, we have developed new tools for in vivo visualization of single-cell dynamics. Our results show that clustering islet cells make contact and interconnect through dynamic actin-rich processes, move together while remaining in close proximity to the duct, and maintain high protrusive motility after forming clusters. Quantitative analyses of cell morphology and motility in 3-dimensions lays the groundwork to define therapeutically applicable factors responsible for orchestrating the morphogenic behaviors of coalescing endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Freudenblum
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Tanaka A, Watanabe A, Nakano Y, Matsumoto M, Okazaki Y, Miyajima A. Reversible expansion of pancreatic islet progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Genes Cells 2020; 25:302-311. [PMID: 32065490 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets is an effective therapy for severe type 1 diabetes. As donor shortage is a major problem for this therapy, attempts have been made to produce a large number of pancreatic islets from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, as the differentiation of hPSCs to pancreatic islets requires multiple and lengthy processes using various expensive cytokines, the process is variable, low efficiency and costly. Therefore, it would be beneficial if islet progenitors could be expanded. Neurogenin3 (NGN3)-expressing pancreatic endocrine progenitor (EP) cells derived from hPSCs exhibited the ability to differentiate into pancreatic islets while their cell cycle was arrested. By using a lentivirus vector, we introduced several growth-promoting genes into NGN3-expressing EP cells. We found that SV40LT expression induced proliferation of the EP cells but reduced the expression of endocrine lineage-commitment factors, NGN3, NEUROD1 and NKX2.2, resulting in the suppression of islet differentiation. By using the Cre-loxP system, we removed SV40LT after the expansion, leading to re-expression of endocrine-lineage commitment genes and differentiation into functional pancreatic islets. Thus, our findings will pave a way to generate a large quantity of functional pancreatic islets through the expansion of EP cells from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tanaka
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Matsumoto
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioenginnering, Tokyo Medical University and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Park Y, O'Rourke S, Taki FA, Alfhili MA, Lee MH. Dose-Dependent Effects of GLD-2 and GLD-1 on Germline Differentiation and Dedifferentiation in the Absence of PUF-8. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32039211 PMCID: PMC6992537 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PUMILIO/FBF (PUF) proteins have a conserved function in stem cell regulation. Caenorhabditis elegans PUF-8 protein inhibits the translation of target mRNAs by interacting with PUF binding element (PBE) in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). In this work, an in silico analysis has identified gld-2 [a poly(A) polymerase] as a putative PUF-8 target. Biochemical and reporter analyses showed that PUF-8 specifically binds to a PBE in gld-2 3′ UTR and represses a GFP reporter gene carrying gld-2 3′ UTR in the C. elegans mitotic germ cells. GLD-2 enhances meiotic entry at least in part by activating GLD-1 (a KH motif-containing RNA-binding protein). Our genetic analyses also demonstrated that heterozygous gld-2(+/−) gld-1(+/−) genes in the absence of PUF-8 are competent for meiotic entry (early differentiation), but haplo-insufficient for the meiotic division (terminal differentiation) of spermatocytes. Indeed, the arrested spermatocytes return to mitotic cells via dedifferentiation, which results in germline tumors. Since these regulators are broadly conserved, we thus suggest that similar molecular mechanisms may control differentiation, dedifferentiation, and tumorigenesis in other organisms, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyong Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Samuel O'Rourke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Faten A Taki
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohammad A Alfhili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Myon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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10
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Bakhti M, Scheibner K, Tritschler S, Bastidas-Ponce A, Tarquis-Medina M, Theis FJ, Lickert H. Establishment of a high-resolution 3D modeling system for studying pancreatic epithelial cell biology in vitro. Mol Metab 2019; 30:16-29. [PMID: 31767167 PMCID: PMC6812400 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Translation of basic research from bench-to-bedside relies on a better understanding of similarities and differences between mouse and human cell biology, tissue formation, and organogenesis. Thus, establishing ex vivo modeling systems of mouse and human pancreas development will help not only to understand evolutionary conserved mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis but also to understand pathomechanisms of disease and design strategies for tissue engineering. METHODS Here, we established a simple and reproducible Matrigel-based three-dimensional (3D) cyst culture model system of mouse and human pancreatic progenitors (PPs) to study pancreatic epithelialization and endocrinogenesis ex vivo. In addition, we reanalyzed previously reported single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of mouse and human pancreatic lineages to obtain a comprehensive picture of differential expression of key transcription factors (TFs), cell-cell adhesion molecules and cell polarity components in PPs during endocrinogenesis. RESULTS We generated mouse and human polarized pancreatic epithelial cysts derived from PPs. This system allowed to monitor establishment of pancreatic epithelial polarity and lumen formation in cellular and sub-cellular resolution in a dynamic time-resolved fashion. Furthermore, both mouse and human pancreatic cysts were able to differentiate towards the endocrine fate. This differentiation system together with scRNA-seq analysis revealed how apical-basal polarity and tight and adherens junctions change during endocrine differentiation. CONCLUSIONS We have established a simple 3D pancreatic cyst culture system that allows to tempo-spatial resolve cellular and subcellular processes on the mechanistical level, which is otherwise not possible in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Scheibner K, Bakhti M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Lickert H. Wnt signaling: implications in endoderm development and pancreas organogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:48-55. [PMID: 31377680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is derived from the foregut endoderm during embryonic development. After gastrulation and endoderm germ layer formation complex morphogenetic events coupled with cell differentiation programs pattern the gut tube and induce pancreas organogenesis. This results in formation of exocrine, ductal and hormone-producing endocrine cells. Among these, endocrine cells are responsible for blood glucose homeostasis and their malfunction leads to diabetes mellitus, which cannot be stopped or reversed by the current standard treatments. Thus, intense efforts to regenerate or replace the lost or dysfunctional insulin-producing β-cells are on the way. This depends on identifying the factors that coordinate pancreas organogenesis. Here, we highlight the contribution of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling branches in orchestrating endoderm formation, pancreatic morphogenesis as well as endocrine cell formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany.
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12
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Lloyd-Lewis B, Mourikis P, Fre S. Notch signalling: sensor and instructor of the microenvironment to coordinate cell fate and organ morphogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 61:16-23. [PMID: 31323467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During development, stem cells give rise to specialised cell types in a tightly regulated, spatiotemporal manner to drive the formation of complex three-dimensional tissues. While mechanistic insights into the gene regulatory pathways that guide cell fate choices are emerging, how morphogenetic changes are coordinated with cell fate specification remains a fundamental question in organogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. The requirement of cell contacts for Notch signalling makes it a central pathway capable of linking dynamic cellular rearrangements during tissue morphogenesis with stem cell function. Here, we highlight recent studies that support a critical role for the Notch pathway in translating microenvironmental cues into cell fate decisions, guiding the development of diverse organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UPMC University of Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Philippos Mourikis
- Université Paris Est Créteil, IMRB U955-E10, Inserm, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Silvia Fre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UPMC University of Paris VI, Paris, France.
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13
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Bastidas-Ponce A, Tritschler S, Dony L, Scheibner K, Tarquis-Medina M, Salinno C, Schirge S, Burtscher I, Böttcher A, Theis F, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Massive single-cell mRNA profiling reveals a detailed roadmap for pancreatic endocrinogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.173849. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering mechanisms of endocrine cell induction, specification and lineage allocation in vivo will provide valuable insights into how the islets of Langerhans are generated. Currently, it is ill defined how endocrine progenitors segregate into different endocrine subtypes during development. Here, we generated a novel Neurogenin3 (Ngn3)-Venus fusion (NVF) reporter mouse line, that closely mirrors the transient endogenous Ngn3 protein expression. To define an in vivo roadmap of endocrinogenesis, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of 36,351 pancreatic epithelial and NVF+ cells during secondary transition. This allowed to time-resolve and distinguish Ngn3low endocrine progenitors, Ngn3high endocrine precursors, Fev+ endocrine lineage and hormone+ endocrine subtypes and delineate molecular programs during the stepwise lineage restriction steps. Strikingly, we identified 58 novel signature genes that show the same transient expression dynamics as Ngn3 in the 7,260 profiled Ngn3-expressing cells. The differential expression of these genes in endocrine precursors associated with their cell-fate allocation towards distinct endocrine cell types. Thus, the generation of an accurately regulated NVF reporter allowed us to temporally resolve endocrine lineage development to provide a fine-grained single-cell molecular profile of endocrinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Leander Dony
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Schirge
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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