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Higgins RC, Bingcang CM, Dowdall JR. Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and Possible Airway Complications. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024:1455613241229955. [PMID: 38321760 DOI: 10.1177/01455613241229955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
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2
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Wang J, Wan X, Le Q. Cross-regulation between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway in stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1250530. [PMID: 37664185 PMCID: PMC10469848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9, a member of the SRY-related HMG-box transcription factors, has been reported to critically regulate fetal development and stem cell homeostasis. Wnt signalling is a highly conserved signalling pathway that controls stem cell fate decision and stemness maintenance throughout embryonic development and adult life. Many studies have shown that the interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway are involved in many of the physiological and pathological processes of stem cells, including organ development, the proliferation, differentiation and stemness maintenance of stem cells, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the already-known molecular mechanism of cross-interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, outline its regulatory effects on the maintenance of homeostasis in different types of stem cells, and explore its potential in translational stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Bottasso-Arias N, Burra K, Sinner D, Riede T. Disruption of BMP4 signaling is associated with laryngeal birth defects in a mouse model. Dev Biol 2023:S0012-1606(23)00068-4. [PMID: 37230380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal birth defects are considered rare, but they can be life-threatening conditions. The BMP4 gene plays an important role in organ development and tissue remodeling throughout life. Here we examined its role in laryngeal development complementing similar efforts for the lung, pharynx, and cranial base. Our goal was to determine how different imaging techniques contribute to a better understanding of the embryonic anatomy of the normal and diseased larynx in small specimens. Contrast-enhanced micro CT images of embryonic larynx tissue from a mouse model with Bmp4 deletion informed by histology and whole-mount immunofluorescence were used to reconstruct the laryngeal cartilaginous framework in three dimensions. Laryngeal defects included laryngeal cleft, laryngeal asymmetry, ankylosis and atresia. Results implicate BMP4 in laryngeal development and show that the 3D reconstruction of laryngeal elements provides a powerful approach to visualize laryngeal defects and thereby overcoming shortcomings of 2D histological sectioning and whole mount immunofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bottasso-Arias
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K Burra
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - D Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - T Riede
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA.
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4
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Reza AA, Kohram F, Reza HA, Kalin TR, Kannan PS, Zacharias WJ, Kalinichenko VV. FOXF1 Regulates Alveolar Epithelial Morphogenesis through Transcriptional Activation of Mesenchymal WNT5A. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:430-443. [PMID: 36542853 PMCID: PMC10112422 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0191oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the FOXF1 (forkhead box F1) gene, encoding the mesenchymal FOX (forkhead box) transcription factor, are linked to alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), a severe congenital disorder associated with the loss of alveolar capillaries and lung hypoplasia. Although proangiogenic functions of FOXF1 have been extensively studied, the role of FOXF1 in mesenchymal-epithelial signaling during lung development remains uncharacterized. Herein, we used murine lung organoids to demonstrate that the S52F FOXF1 mutation (found in patients with ACDMPV) stimulates canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s), leading to increased proliferation of AEC2s and decreased differentiation of AEC2s into type 1 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC1s). Alveolar organoids containing Foxf1WT/S52F lung fibroblasts and wild-type epithelial cells grew faster on Matrigel and exhibited AEC2 hyperplasia. AEC2 hyperplasia and loss of AEC1s were found in the lungs of Foxf1WT/S52F embryos, a mouse model of ACDMPV. Activation of canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in AEC2s of lung organoids and Foxf1WT/S52F mice was associated with decreased expression of noncanonical WNT5A (Wnt family member 5A) ligand in lung fibroblasts. Mechanistically, FOXF1 directly activates the Wnt5a gene transcription through an evolutionarily conserved +6320/+6326 region located in the first intron of the Wnt5a gene. Site-directed mutagenesis of the +6320/+6326 region prevented the transcriptional activation of the Wnt5a enhancer by FOXF1. Treatment with exogenous WNT5A ligand inhibited the effects of the S52F FOXF1 mutation on canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling in alveolar organoids, preventing aberrant AEC2 expansion and restoring differentiation of AEC1s. Activation of either FOXF1 or WNT5A may provide an attractive strategy to improve lung function in patients with ACDMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paranthaman S. Kannan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regeneration Medicine
- Division of Developmental Biology, and
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
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5
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Ramachandran J, Zhou W, Bardenhagen AE, Nasr T, Yates ER, Zorn AM, Ji H, Vokes SA. Hedgehog regulation of epithelial cell state and morphogenesis in the larynx. eLife 2022; 11:e77055. [PMID: 36398878 PMCID: PMC9718526 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The larynx enables speech while regulating swallowing and respiration. Larynx function hinges on the laryngeal epithelium which originates as part of the anterior foregut and undergoes extensive remodeling to separate from the esophagus and form vocal folds that interface with the adjacent trachea. Here we find that sonic hedgehog (SHH) is essential for epithelial integrity in the mouse larynx as well as the anterior foregut. During larynx-esophageal separation, low Shh expression marks specific domains of actively remodeling epithelium that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characterized by the induction of N-Cadherin and movement of cells out of the epithelial layer. Consistent with a role for SHH signaling in regulating this process, Shh mutants undergo an abnormal EMT throughout the anterior foregut and larynx, marked by a cadherin switch, movement out of the epithelial layer and cell death. Unexpectedly, Shh mutant epithelial cells are replaced by a new population of FOXA2-negative cells that likely derive from adjacent pouch tissues and form a rudimentary epithelium. These findings have important implications for interpreting the etiology of HH-dependent birth defects within the foregut. We propose that SHH signaling has a default role in maintaining epithelial identity throughout the anterior foregut and that regionalized reductions in SHH trigger epithelial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Ramachandran
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at AustinAustinUnited States
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Anna E Bardenhagen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at AustinAustinUnited States
| | - Talia Nasr
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Ellen R Yates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at AustinAustinUnited States
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Steven A Vokes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at AustinAustinUnited States
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6
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Zhou Y, Yang Y, Guo L, Qian J, Ge J, Sinner D, Ding H, Califano A, Cardoso WV. Airway basal cells show regionally distinct potential to undergo metaplastic differentiation. eLife 2022; 11:e80083. [PMID: 36178196 PMCID: PMC9578702 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cells are multipotent stem cells of a variety of organs, including the respiratory tract, where they are major components of the airway epithelium. However, it remains unclear how diverse basal cells are and how distinct subpopulations respond to airway challenges. Using single cell RNA-sequencing and functional approaches, we report a significant and previously underappreciated degree of heterogeneity in the basal cell pool, leading to identification of six subpopulations in the adult murine trachea. Among these, we found two major subpopulations, collectively comprising the most uncommitted of all the pools, but with distinct gene expression signatures. Notably, these occupy distinct ventral and dorsal tracheal niches and differ in their ability to self-renew and initiate a program of differentiation in response to environmental perturbations in primary cultures and in mouse injury models in vivo. We found that such heterogeneity is acquired prenatally, when the basal cell pool and local niches are still being established, and depends on the integrity of these niches, as supported by the altered basal cell phenotype of tracheal cartilage-deficient mouse mutants. Finally, we show that features that distinguish these progenitor subpopulations in murine airways are conserved in humans. Together, the data provide novel insights into the origin and impact of basal cell heterogeneity on the establishment of regionally distinct responses of the airway epithelium during injury-repair and in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhuo Zhou
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ying Yang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lihao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Jun Qian
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jian Ge
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Debora Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Hongxu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Andrea Califano
- Departments of Systems Biology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Biomedical Informatics, Medicine; JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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7
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Belfiore MP, Russo GM, Gallo L, Atripaldi U, Tamburrini S, Caliendo V, Impieri L, Del Canto MT, Ciani G, Parrella P, Mangoni di Santo Stefano ML, Salvia AAH, Urraro F, Nardone V, Coppola N, Reginelli A, Cappabianca S. Secondary Complications in COVID-19 Patients: A Case Series. Tomography 2022; 8:1836-1850. [PMID: 35894019 PMCID: PMC9326591 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, primarily causes a respiratory tract infection that is not limited to respiratory distress syndrome, but it is also implicated in other body systems. Systemic complications were reported due to an exaggerated inflammatory response, which involves severe alveolar damage in the lungs and exacerbates the hypercoagulation that leads to venous thrombosis, ischemic attack, vascular dysfunction and infarction of visceral abdominal organs. Some complications are related to anticoagulant drugs that are administrated to stabilize hypercoagulability, but increase the risk of bleeding, hematoma and hemorrhage. The aim of this study is to report the diagnostic role of CT in the early diagnosis and management of patients with severe COVID-19 complications through the most interesting cases in our experience. Material and Methods. The retrospective analysis of patients studied for COVID-19 in our institution and hospitals, which are part of the university training network, was performed. Cases. Pneumomediastinum, cortical kidney necrosis, splenic infarction, cerebral ischemic stroke, thrombosis of the lower limb and hematomas are the most major complications that are reviewed in this study. Conclusions. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the CT imaging modality with its high sensitivity and specificity remains the preferred imaging choice to diagnose early the different complications associated with COVID-19, such as thrombosis, ischemic stroke, infarction and pneumomediastinum, and their management, which significantly improved the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Belfiore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Gaetano Maria Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3495838248
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Umberto Atripaldi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefania Tamburrini
- Department of Radiology, Ospedale del Mare, Via Enrico Russo, 80147 Naples, Italy;
| | - Valentina Caliendo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Luigi Impieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Del Canto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Giovanni Ciani
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Pasquale Parrella
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Antonio Alessandro Heliot Salvia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Urraro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.P.B.); (L.G.); (U.A.); (V.C.); (L.I.); (M.T.D.C.); (G.C.); (P.P.); (A.A.H.S.); (F.U.); (V.N.); (N.C.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
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8
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GLI transcriptional repression is inert prior to Hedgehog pathway activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:808. [PMID: 35145123 PMCID: PMC8831537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) pathway regulates a spectrum of developmental processes through the transcriptional mediation of GLI proteins. GLI repressors control tissue patterning by preventing sub-threshold activation of HH target genes, presumably even before HH induction, while lack of GLI repression activates most targets. Despite GLI repression being central to HH regulation, it is unknown when it first becomes established in HH-responsive tissues. Here, we investigate whether GLI3 prevents precocious gene expression during limb development. Contrary to current dogma, we find that GLI3 is inert prior to HH signaling. While GLI3 binds to most targets, loss of Gli3 does not increase target gene expression, enhancer acetylation or accessibility, as it does post-HH signaling. Furthermore, GLI repression is established independently of HH signaling, but after its onset. Collectively, these surprising results challenge current GLI pre-patterning models and demonstrate that GLI repression is not a default state for the HH pathway. GLI repression has been presumed to be the default transcriptional state and important for pre-patterning tissues. Challenging current models, the authors show that GLI3 repression is inert in the limb bud before the onset of Hedgehog signaling.
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9
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Bottasso-Arias N, Leesman L, Burra K, Snowball J, Shah R, Mohanakrishnan M, Xu Y, Sinner D. BMP4 and Wnt signaling interact to promote mouse tracheal mesenchyme morphogenesis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L224-L242. [PMID: 34851738 PMCID: PMC8794023 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00255.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tracheobronchomalacia and complete tracheal rings are congenital malformations of the trachea associated with morbidity and mortality for which the etiology remains poorly understood. Epithelial expression of Wls (a cargo receptor mediating Wnt ligand secretion) by tracheal cells is essential for patterning the embryonic mouse trachea's cartilage and muscle. RNA sequencing indicated that Wls differentially modulated the expression of BMP signaling molecules. We tested whether BMP signaling, induced by epithelial Wnt ligands, mediates cartilage formation. Deletion of Bmp4 from respiratory tract mesenchyme impaired tracheal cartilage formation that was replaced by ectopic smooth muscle, recapitulating the phenotype observed after epithelial deletion of Wls in the embryonic trachea. Ectopic muscle was caused in part by anomalous differentiation and proliferation of smooth muscle progenitors rather than tracheal cartilage progenitors. Mesenchymal deletion of Bmp4 impaired expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes, including targets of WNT signaling: Notum and Axin2. In vitro, recombinant (r)BMP4 rescued the expression of Notum in Bmp4-deficient tracheal mesenchymal cells and induced Notum promoter activity via SMAD1/5. RNA sequencing of Bmp4-deficient tracheas identified genes essential for chondrogenesis and muscle development coregulated by BMP and WNT signaling. During tracheal morphogenesis, WNT signaling induces Bmp4 in mesenchymal progenitors to promote cartilage differentiation and restrict trachealis muscle. In turn, Bmp4 differentially regulates the expression of Wnt/β-catenin targets to attenuate mesenchymal WNT signaling and to further support chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bottasso-Arias
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lauren Leesman
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kaulini Burra
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Snowball
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ronak Shah
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,2University of Cincinnati Honors Program, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Megha Mohanakrishnan
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,2University of Cincinnati Honors Program, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,3Universtiy of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Debora Sinner
- 1Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,3Universtiy of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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10
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Kiyokawa H, Morimoto M. Molecular crosstalk in tracheal development and its recurrence in adult tissue regeneration. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1552-1567. [PMID: 33840142 PMCID: PMC8596979 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The trachea is a rigid air duct with some mobility, which comprises the upper region of the respiratory tract and delivers inhaled air to alveoli for gas exchange. During development, the tracheal primordium is first established at the ventral anterior foregut by interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme through various signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Bmp, retinoic acid, Shh, and Fgf, and then segregates from digestive organs. Abnormalities in this crosstalk result in lethal congenital diseases, such as tracheal agenesis. Interestingly, these molecular mechanisms also play roles in tissue regeneration in adulthood, although it remains less understood compared with their roles in embryonic development. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of trachea development that regulate the morphogenesis of this simple tubular structure and identities of individual differentiated cells. We also discuss how the facultative regeneration capacity of the epithelium is established during development and maintained in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Laboratory for Lung Development and RegenerationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchKobeJapan
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and RegenerationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchKobeJapan
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11
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Baratella E, Bussani R, Zanconati F, Marrocchio C, Fabiola G, Braga L, Maiocchi S, Berlot G, Volpe MC, Moro E, Confalonieri P, Cova MA, Confalonieri M, Salton F, Ruaro B. Radiological-pathological signatures of patients with COVID-19-related pneumomediastinum: is there a role for the Sonic hedgehog and Wnt5a pathways? ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00346-2021. [PMID: 34435038 PMCID: PMC8381265 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00346-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), when air leaks into the mediastinum. An increased pneumomediastinum incidence, of up to 5–13%, was reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic [1, 2] and even occurred spontaneously without a history of mechanical ventilation [3], similarly to the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-1 [4]. Almost half of the 30 consecutive COVID-19 patients who had prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation had full-thickness tracheal lesions and pneumomediastinum [5]. Although pronation and high positive end-expiratory pressure levels were presumed to be the putative causes of pneumomediastinum [5], the mechanism of this COVID-19 complication remains unknown. We hypothesise that sonic hedgehog (SHH) and Wnt5a signalling, crucial pathways in tracheal morphogenesis, and repair/regeneration of cartilage lesions in adulthood [6, 7], could play a role in pneumomediastinum-related COVID-19 tracheal lesions. Pneumomediastinum is a rare complication of ARDS but is more common during #COVID19. The fibrous hyaline degeneration of the tracheal rings seen in this autoptic series is an original observation that has not been previously described in COVID-19 patients.https://bit.ly/3vxTQde
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Baratella
- Dept of Radiology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Dept of Pathology, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Marrocchio
- Dept of Radiology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giudici Fabiola
- Biostatistics Unit, Dept of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Dept of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- Functional Cell Biology Unit, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Berlot
- Intensive Care Unit, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Moro
- Intensive Care Unit, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Maria Assunta Cova
- Dept of Radiology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Barbara Ruaro
- Pulmonology Dept, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Kishimoto K, Morimoto M. Mammalian tracheal development and reconstruction: insights from in vivo and in vitro studies. Development 2021; 148:dev198192. [PMID: 34228796 PMCID: PMC8276987 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The trachea delivers inhaled air into the lungs for gas exchange. Anomalies in tracheal development can result in life-threatening malformations, such as tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheomalacia. Given the limitations of current therapeutic approaches, development of technologies for the reconstitution of a three-dimensional trachea from stem cells is urgently required. Recently, single-cell sequencing technologies and quantitative analyses from cell to tissue scale have been employed to decipher the cellular basis of tracheal morphogenesis. In this Review, recent advances in mammalian tracheal development and the generation of tracheal tissues from pluripotent stem cells are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Kishimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- RIKEN BDR–CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Perinatal Institute, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- RIKEN BDR–CuSTOM Joint Laboratory, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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13
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Edwards NA, Shacham-Silverberg V, Weitz L, Kingma PS, Shen Y, Wells JM, Chung WK, Zorn AM. Developmental basis of trachea-esophageal birth defects. Dev Biol 2021; 477:85-97. [PMID: 34023332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trachea-esophageal defects (TEDs), including esophageal atresia (EA), tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), and laryngeal-tracheoesophageal clefts (LTEC), are a spectrum of life-threatening congenital anomalies in which the trachea and esophagus do not form properly. Up until recently, the developmental basis of these conditions and how the trachea and esophagus arise from a common fetal foregut was poorly understood. However, with significant advances in human genetics, organoids, and animal models, and integrating single cell genomics with high resolution imaging, we are revealing the molecular and cellular mechanisms that orchestrate tracheoesophageal morphogenesis and how disruption in these processes leads to birth defects. Here we review the current understanding of the genetic and developmental basis of TEDs. We suggest future opportunities for integrating developmental mechanisms elucidated from animals and organoids with human genetics and clinical data to gain insight into the genotype-phenotype basis of these heterogeneous birth defects. Finally, we envision how this will enhance diagnosis, improve treatment, and perhaps one day, lead to new tissue replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Edwards
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vered Shacham-Silverberg
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leelah Weitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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14
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First person – Talia Nasr. Dis Model Mech 2021. [PMCID: PMC7875495 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Talia Nasr is first author on ‘Disruption of a Hedgehog-Foxf1-Rspo2 signaling axis leads to tracheomalacia and a loss of Sox9+ tracheal chondrocytes’, published in DMM. Talia is a MD/PhD student at the University of Cincinnati, USA, currently in the final two MD years, with the PhD work completed in the lab of Aaron Zorn, investigating the pathogenesis of congenital tracheoesophageal defects.
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