1
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Zhong C, Akmentin W, Role LW, Talmage DA. Axonal α7* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate glutamatergic signaling and synaptic vesicle organization in ventral hippocampal projections. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:978837. [PMID: 36213206 PMCID: PMC9537472 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.978837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the release of glutamate by activation of presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is one of the most prevalent mechanism of nicotinic facilitation of glutamatergic transmission in cortico-limbic circuits. By imaging gene chimeric co-cultures from mouse, we examined the role of α7* nAChRs mediated cholinergic modulation of glutamate release and synaptic vesicle organization in ventral hippocampal projections. We directly visualized exogenous and endogenous cholinergic facilitation of glutamate release in this specialized preparation of circuits in vitro. Disrupting α7* nAChRs mediated cholinergic signaling genetically or pharmacologically diminished cholinergic facilitation of glutamate release at presynaptic terminals. Alteration of α7* nAChRs mediated cholinergic signaling along glutamatergic axons also decreased functional synaptic vesicle clustering to presynaptic terminals. These findings suggest that presynaptic α7* nAChRs contribute to cholinergic modulation of glutamate release and synaptic vesicle organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbo Zhong
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wendy Akmentin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Lorna W. Role
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David A. Talmage
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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2
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Mitochondrial Disruption by Amyloid Beta 42 Identified by Proteomics and Pathway Mapping. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092380. [PMID: 34572029 PMCID: PMC8468661 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by chronic neurodegeneration associated with the occurrence of plaques containing amyloid β (Aβ) proteins in various parts of the human brain. An increase in several Aβ fragments is well documented in patients with AD and anti-amyloid targeting is an emerging area of therapy. Soluble Aβ can bind to various cell surface and intracellular molecules with the pathogenic Aβ42 fragment leading to neurotoxicity. Here we examined the effect of Aβ42 on network adaptations in the proteome of nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiated PC12 cells using liquid-chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) proteomics. Whole-cell peptide mass fingerprinting was coupled to bioinformatic gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in order to identify differentially represented proteins and related gene ontology (GO) pathways within Aβ42 treated cells. Our results underscore a role for Aβ42 in disrupting proteome responses for signaling, bioenergetics, and morphology in mitochondria. These findings highlight the specific components of the mitochondrial response during Aβ42 neurotoxicity and suggest several new biomarkers for detection and surveillance of amyloid disease.
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3
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Mak S, Li W, Fu H, Luo J, Cui W, Hu S, Pang Y, Carlier PR, Tsim KW, Pi R, Han Y. Promising tacrine/huperzine A-based dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders: From relieving symptoms to modifying diseases through multitarget. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1381-1393. [PMID: 33930191 PMCID: PMC8458250 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, are devastating diseases in the elderly world, which are closely associated with progressive neuronal loss induced by a variety of genetic and/or environmental factors. Unfortunately, currently available treatments for neurodegenerative disorders can only relieve the symptoms but not modify the pathological processes. Over the past decades, our group by collaborating with Profs. Yuan-Ping Pang and Paul R. Carlier has developed three series of homo/hetero dimeric acetylcholinesterase inhibitors derived from tacrine and/or huperzine A. The representative dimers bis(3)-Cognitin (B3C), bis(12)-hupyridone, and tacrine(10)-hupyridone might possess disease-modifying effects through the modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, the activation of myocyte enhancer factor 2D gene transcription, and the promotion of neurotrophic factor secretion. In this review, we summarize that the representative dimers, such as B3C, provide neuroprotection against a variety of neurotoxins via multiple targets, including the inhibitions of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor with pathological-activated potential, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and β-amyloid cascades synergistically. More importantly, B3C might offer disease-modifying potentials by activating myocyte enhancer factor 2D transcription, inducing neuritogenesis, and promoting the expressions of neurotrophic factors in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the novel dimers might offer synergistic disease-modifying effects, proving that dimerization might serve as one of the strategies to develop new generation of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinghung Mak
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jialie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanping Pang
- Mayo Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Karl Wahkeung Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Pérez RF, Tejedor JR, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Martínez VL, Urdinguio RG, Villamañán L, Candiota AP, Sarró NMV, Barradas M, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Serrano M, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Conservation of Aging and Cancer Epigenetic Signatures across Human and Mouse. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3415-3435. [PMID: 33871658 PMCID: PMC8321527 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer are two interrelated processes, with aging being a major risk factor for the development of cancer. Parallel epigenetic alterations have been described for both, although differences, especially within the DNA hypomethylation scenario, have also been recently reported. Although many of these observations arise from the use of mouse models, there is a lack of systematic comparisons of human and mouse epigenetic patterns in the context of disease. However, such comparisons are significant as they allow to establish the extent to which some of the observed similarities or differences arise from pre-existing species-specific epigenetic traits. Here, we have used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to profile the brain methylomes of young and old, tumoral and nontumoral brain samples from human and mouse. We first characterized the baseline epigenomic patterns of the species and subsequently focused on the DNA methylation alterations associated with cancer and aging. Next, we described the functional genomic and epigenomic context associated with the alterations, and finally, we integrated our data to study interspecies DNA methylation levels at orthologous CpG sites. Globally, we found considerable differences between the characteristics of DNA methylation alterations in cancer and aging in both species. Moreover, we describe robust evidence for the conservation of the specific cancer and aging epigenomic signatures in human and mouse. Our observations point toward the preservation of the functional consequences of these alterations at multiple levels of genomic regulation. Finally, our analyses reveal a role for the genomic context in explaining disease- and species-specific epigenetic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl F Pérez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia López Martínez
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío G Urdinguio
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Villamañán
- Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Candiota
- Unitat de Bioquímica de Biociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Edifici Cs, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Mí Vidal Sarró
- Servicio Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Barradas
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Jose Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group-BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies-IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumour Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agusín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Song J, Kim YK. Animal models for the study of depressive disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:633-642. [PMID: 33650178 PMCID: PMC8111503 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is one of the most widespread forms of psychiatric pathology, worldwide. According to a report by the World Health Organization, the number of people with depression, globally, is increasing dramatically with each year. Previous studies have demonstrated that various factors, including genetics and environmental stress, contribute to the risk of depression. As such, it is crucial to develop a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of depressive disorder and animal studies are essential for identifying the mechanisms and genetic disorders underlying depression. Recently, many researchers have reported on the pathology of depression via various models of depressive disorder. Given that different animal models of depression show differences in terms of patterns of depressive behavior and pathology, the comparison between depressive animal models is necessary for progress in the field of the depression study. However, the various animal models of depression have not been fully compared or evaluated until now. In this paper, we reviewed the pathophysiology of the depressive disorder and its current animal models with the analysis of their transcriptomic profiles. We provide insights for selecting different animal models for the study of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
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6
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Mussina K, Toktarkhanova D, Filchakova O. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors of PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:17-29. [PMID: 32335772 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have gained much attention in the scientific community since they play a significant role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. Multiple approaches to study the receptors exist, with characterization of the receptors' functionality at a single cellular level using cell culturing being one of them. Derived from an adrenal medulla tumor, PC12 cells express nicotinic receptor subunits and form functional nicotinic receptors. Thus, the cells offer a convenient environment to address questions related to the functionality of the receptors. The review summarizes the findings on nicotinic receptors' expression and functions which were conducted using PC12 cells. Specific focus is given to α3-containing receptors as well as α7 receptor. Critical evaluation of findings is provided alongside insights into what can still be learned about nAChRs, using PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Mussina
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, NurSultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Toktarkhanova
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, NurSultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Olena Filchakova
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, NurSultan, Republic of Kazakhstan.
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7
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Pujol CN, Dupuy V, Séveno M, Runtz L, Bockaert J, Marin P, Chaumont-Dubel S. Dynamic interactions of the 5-HT 6 receptor with protein partners control dendritic tree morphogenesis. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/618/eaax9520. [PMID: 32047117 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax9520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin (5-hydroxytrypatmine) receptor 5-HT6 (5-HT6R) has emerged as a promising target to alleviate the cognitive symptoms of neurodevelopmental diseases. We previously demonstrated that 5-HT6R finely controls key neurodevelopmental steps, including neuronal migration and the initiation of neurite growth, through its interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Here, we showed that 5-HT6R recruited G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (GPRIN1) through a Gs-dependent mechanism. Interactions between the receptor and either Cdk5 or GPRIN1 occurred sequentially during neuronal differentiation. The 5-HT6R-GPRIN1 interaction enhanced agonist-independent, receptor-stimulated cAMP production without altering the agonist-dependent response in NG108-15 neuroblastoma cells. This interaction also promoted neurite extension and branching in NG108-15 cells and primary mouse striatal neurons through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism. This study highlights the complex allosteric modulation of GPCRs by protein partners and demonstrates how dynamic interactions between GPCRs and their protein partners can control the different steps of highly coordinated cellular processes, such as dendritic tree morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille N Pujol
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Dupuy
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Martial Séveno
- BioCampus Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Leonie Runtz
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joël Bockaert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Séverine Chaumont-Dubel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Marquart LA, Turner MW, McDougal OM. Qualitative Assay to Detect Dopamine Release by Ligand Action on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120682. [PMID: 31757080 PMCID: PMC6949981 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla derived (a.k.a. PC12) cell-based assay for dopamine measurement by luminescence detection was customized for the qualitative evaluation of agonists and antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The assay mechanism begins with ligand binding to transmembrane nAChRs, altering ion flow into the cell and inducing dopamine release from the cell. Following release, dopamine is oxidized by monoamine oxidase generating hydrogen peroxide that catalyzes a chemiluminescence reaction involving luminol and horseradish peroxidase, thus producing a detectable response. Results are presented for the action of nAChR agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine, and cytisine), and antagonists (α-conotoxins (α-CTxs) MII, ImI, LvIA, and PeIA) that demonstrate a luminescence response correlating to the increase or decrease of dopamine release. A survey of cell growth and treatment conditions, including nerve growth factor, nicotine, ethanol, and temperature, led to optimal assay requirements to achieve maximal signal intensity and consistent response to ligand treatment. It was determined that PC12 cells treated with a combination of nerve growth factor and nicotine, and incubated at 37 °C, provided favorable results for a reduction in luminescence signal upon treatment of cells with α-CTxs. The PC12 assay is intended for use as a fast, efficient, and economic qualitative method to assess the bioactivity of molecules that act on nAChRs, in which testing of ligand-nAChR binding hypotheses and computational predictions can be validated. As a screening method for nAChR bioactivity, lead compounds can be assessed for their likelihood of exhibiting desired bioactivity prior to being subjected to more complex quantitative methods, such as electrophysiology or live animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna A. Marquart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Matthew W. Turner
- Biomolecular Sciences PhD Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
| | - Owen M. McDougal
- Biomolecular Sciences PhD Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA;
- Correspondence:
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9
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The 5-HT 6 receptor interactome: New insight in receptor signaling and its impact on brain physiology and pathologies. Neuropharmacology 2019; 172:107839. [PMID: 31682856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT)6 receptor is a Gs-coupled receptor exclusively expressed in the central nervous system. Highest receptor densities are found in brain regions implicated in mnemonic functions where the receptor is primarily but not exclusively located in the primary cilium of neurons. The 5-HT6 receptor continues to raise particular interest for neuropharmacologists, given the pro-cognitive effects of antagonists in a wide range of cognitive impairment paradigms in rodents and human. The 5-HT6 receptor also finely controls key neuro-developmental processes including neuron migration and differentiation. However, its influence upon neurodevelopment and cognition is not solely mediated by its coupling to the Gs-adenylyl cyclase pathway, suggesting alternative signal transduction mechanisms. This prompted studies aimed at characterizing the receptor interactome that identified 125 candidate receptor partners, making the 5-HT6 receptor one of the G protein-coupled receptors with the most extensively characterized interactome. These studies showed that the receptor localization at the plasma membrane and, consequently, its signal transduction, are finely modulated by several receptor partners. They demonstrated that prefrontal 5-HT6 receptors engage the mTOR pathway to compromise cognition in neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia, and a role of the 5-HT6-mTOR pathway in temporal epilepsy. Finally, they revealed that the receptor activates Cdk5 signaling in an agonist-independent manner through a mechanism involving receptor phosphorylation by the associated Cdk5 and highlighted its key role in the migration of neurons and neurite growth. These new receptor-operated signaling mechanisms should be considered in the future development of drugs acting on 5-HT6 receptors. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
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10
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Hirano T, Minagawa S, Furusawa Y, Yunoki T, Ikenaka Y, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N, Tabuchi Y. Growth and neurite stimulating effects of the neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114777. [PMID: 31626844 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are one of most widely used pesticides targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects. Recent epidemiological evidence revealed increasing amounts of neonicotinoids detected in human samples, raising the critical question of whether neonicotinoids affect human health. We investigated the effects of a neonicotinoid pesticide clothianidin (CTD) on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells as in vitro models of human neuronal cells. Cellular and functional effects of micromolar doses of CTD were evaluated by changes in cell growth, intracellular signaling activities and gene expression profiles. We examined further the effects of CTD on neuronal differentiation by measuring neurite outgrowth. Exposure to CTD (1-100 μM) significantly increased the number of cells within 24 h of culture. The nAChRs antagonists, mecamylamine and SR16584, inhibited this effect, suggesting human α3β4 nAChRs could be targets of neonicotinoids. We observed a transient intracellular calcium influx and increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 shortly after exposure to CTD. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CTD down-regulated genes involved in neuronal function (e.g., formation of filopodia and calcium ion influx) and morphology (e.g., axon guidance signaling and cytoskeleton signaling); these changes were reflected by a finding of increased neurite length during neuronal differentiation. These findings provide novel insight into the potential risks of neonicotinoids to the human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Hirano
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Satsuki Minagawa
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yunoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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11
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Liu W, Su K. A Review on the Receptor-ligand Molecular Interactions in the Nicotinic Receptor Signaling Systems. Pak J Biol Sci 2019; 21:51-66. [PMID: 30221881 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2018.51.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is regarded as the main active addictive ingredient in tobacco products driving continued tobacco abuse behavior (smoking) to the addiction behavior, whereas nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) is the crucial effective apparatus or molecular effector of nicotine and acetylcholine and other similar ligands. Many nAChR subunits have been revealed to bind to either neurotransmitters or exogenous ligands, such as nicotine and acetylcholine, being involved in the nicotinic receptor signal transduction. Therefore, the nicotinic receptor signalling molecules and the receptor-ligand molecular interactions between nAChRs and their ligands are universally regarded as crucial mediators of cellular functions and drug targets in medical treatment and clinical diagnosis. Given numerous endeavours have been made in defining the roles of nAChRs in response to nicotine and other addictive drugs, this review focuses on studies and reports in recent years on the receptor-ligand interactions between nAChR receptors and ligands, including lipid-nAChR and protein-nAChR molecular interactions, relevant signal transduction pathways and their molecular mechanisms in the nicotinic receptor signalling systems. All the references were carefully retrieved from the PubMed database by searching key words "nicotine", "acetylcholine", "nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(s)", "nAChR*", "protein and nAChR", "lipid and nAChR", "smok*" and "tobacco". All the relevant referred papers and reports retrieved were fully reviewed for manual inspection. This effort intend to get a quick insight and understanding of the nicotinic receptor signalling and their molecular interactions mechanisms. Understanding the cellular receptor-ligand interactions and molecular mechanisms between nAChRs and ligands will lead to a better translational and therapeutic operations and outcomes for the prevention and treatment of nicotine addiction and other chronic drug addictions in the brain's reward circuitry.
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Quigley H, MacCabe JH. The relationship between nicotine and psychosis. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2019; 9:2045125319859969. [PMID: 31308936 PMCID: PMC6604123 DOI: 10.1177/2045125319859969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. For several decades it was assumed that the relationship could be explained by reverse causation; that smoking was secondary to the illness itself, either through self-medication or a process of institutionalization, or was entirely explained by confounding by cannabis use or social factors. However, studies have exposed that such hypotheses cannot fully explain the association, and more recently a bidirectional relationship has been proposed wherein cigarette smoking may be causally related to risk of psychosis, possibly via a shared genetic liability to smoking and psychosis. We review the evidence for these candidate explanations, using findings from the latest epidemiological, neuroimaging, genetic and preclinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Quigley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of
Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, SE5 8AF,
Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - James H. MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of
Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London,
UK
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13
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Matera C, Bono F, Pelucchi S, Collo G, Bontempi L, Gotti C, Zoli M, De Amici M, Missale C, Fiorentini C, Dallanoce C. The novel hybrid agonist HyNDA-1 targets the D3R-nAChR heteromeric complex in dopaminergic neurons. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:154-168. [PMID: 30772268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we designed, synthesized and tested a small set of three new derivatives potentially targeting the D3R-nAChR heteromer, a receptor complex recently identified and characterized as the molecular entity that, in dopaminergic neurons, mediates the neurotrophic effects of nicotine. By means of a partially rigidified spacer of variable length, we incorporated in the new compounds (1a-c) the pharmacophoric substructure of a known β2-subunit-containing nAChR agonist (A-84543) and that of the D2/D3R agonist drug ropinirole. All the compounds retained the ability to bind with high affinity both β2-subunit-containing nAChR and D3R. Compound 1a, renamed HyNDA-1, which is characterized by the shortest linker moiety, was the most interesting ligand. We found, in fact, that HyNDA-1 significantly modulated structural plasticity on both mice and human dopaminergic neurons, an effect strongly prevented by co-incubating this ligand with either nAChR or D3R antagonists. Moreover, the neurotrophic effects of HyNDA-1 were specifically lost by disrupting the complex with specific interfering peptides. Interestingly, by using the Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer 2 (BRET2) assay in HEK-293 transfected cells, we also found that HyNDA-1 has the ability to increase the affinity of interaction between nAChR and D3R. Overall, our results indicate that the neurotrophic effects of HyNDA-1 are mediated by activation of the D3R-nAChR heteromeric complex specifically expressed on dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Matera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ginetta Collo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bontempi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Zoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco De Amici
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale - Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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14
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Mulcahy MJ, Paulo JA, Hawrot E. Proteomic Investigation of Murine Neuronal α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Interacting Proteins. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3959-3975. [PMID: 30285449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that is expressed widely in vertebrates and is the principal high-affinity α-bungarotoxin (α-bgtx) binding protein in the mammalian CNS. α7-nAChRs associate with proteins that can modulate its properties. The α7-nAChR interactome is the summation of proteins interacting or associating with α7-nAChRs in a protein complex. To identify an α7-nAChR interactome in neural tissue, we isolated α-bgtx-affinity protein complexes from wild-type and α7-nAChR knockout (α7 KO) mouse whole brain tissue homogenates using α-bgtx-affinity beads. Affinity precipitated proteins were trypsinized and analyzed with an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. Proteins isolated with the α7-nAChR specific ligand, α-bgtx, were determined to be α7-nAChR associated proteins. The α7-nAChR subunit and 120 additional proteins were identified. Additionally, 369 proteins were identified as binding to α-bgtx in the absence of α7-nAChR expression, thereby identifying nonspecific proteins for α7-nAChR investigations using α-bgtx enrichment. These results expand on our previous investigations of α7-nAChR interacting proteins using α-bgtx-affinity bead isolation by controlling for differences between α7-nAChR and α-bgtx-specific proteins, developing an improved protein isolation methodology, and incorporating the latest technology in mass spectrometry. The α7-nAChR interactome identified in this study includes proteins associated with the expression, localization, function, or modulation of α7-nAChRs, and it provides a foundation for future studies to elucidate how these interactions contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mulcahy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard , Pasadena , California 91125-2900 , United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , 240 Longwood Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Edward Hawrot
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
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15
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Groleau M, Chamoun M, Vaucher E. Stimulation of Acetylcholine Release and Pharmacological Potentiation of Cholinergic Transmission Affect Cholinergic Receptor Expression Differently during Visual Conditioning. Neuroscience 2018; 386:79-90. [PMID: 29958942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic stimulation coupled with visual conditioning enhances the visual acuity and cortical responses in the primary visual cortex. To determine which cholinergic receptors are involved in these processes, qRT-PCR was used. Two modes of cholinergic enhancement were tested: a phasic increase of acetylcholine release by an electrical stimulation of the basal forebrain cholinergic nucleus projecting to the visual cortex, or a tonic pharmacological potentiation of the cholinergic transmission by the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, donepezil. A daily visual exposure to sine-wave gratings (training) was paired with the cholinergic enhancement, up to 14 days. qRT-PCR was performed at rest, 10 min, one week or two weeks of visual/cholinergic training with samples of the visual and somatosensory cortices, and the BF for determining mRNA expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes (m1, m2, m3, m4, m5), nicotinic receptor subunits (α3, α4, α7, β2, β4), and NMDA receptors, GAD65 and ChAT, as indexes of cortical plasticity. A Kruskal-Wallis test showed a modulation of the expression in the visual cortex of m2, m3, m4, m5, α7, β4, NMDA and GAD65, but only β4 within the basal forebrain and none of these mRNA within the somatosensory cortex. The two modes of cholinergic enhancement induced different effects on mRNA expression, related to the number of visual conditioning sessions and receptor specificity. This study suggests that the combination of cholinergic enhancement and visual conditioning is specific to the visual cortex and varies between phasic or tonic manipulation of acetylcholine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Groleau
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mira Chamoun
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Elvire Vaucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition Visuelle, École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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16
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Nielsen BE, Minguez T, Bermudez I, Bouzat C. Molecular function of the novel α7β2 nicotinic receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2457-2471. [PMID: 29313059 PMCID: PMC11105712 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic receptor is a promising drug target for neurological and inflammatory disorders. Although it is the homomeric member of the family, a novel α7β2 heteromeric receptor has been discovered. To decipher the functional contribution of the β2 subunit, we generated heteromeric receptors with fixed stoichiometry by two different approaches comprising concatenated and unlinked subunits. Receptors containing up to three β2 subunits are functional. As the number of β2 subunits increases in the pentameric arrangement, the durations of channel openings and activation episodes increase progressively probably due to decreased desensitization. The prolonged activation episodes conform the kinetic signature of α7β2 and may have an impact on neuronal excitability. For activation of α7β2 receptors, an α7/α7 binding-site interface is required, thus indicating that the three β2 subunits are located consecutively in the pentameric arrangement. α7-positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) are emerging as novel therapeutic drugs. The presence of β2 in the pentamer affects neither type II PAM potentiation nor activation by an allosteric agonist whereas it impairs type I PAM potentiation. This first single-channel study provides fundamental basis required to decipher the role and function of the novel α7β2 receptor and opens doors to develop selective therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz E Nielsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNS-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Teresa Minguez
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Isabel Bermudez
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNS-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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17
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King JR, Ullah A, Bak E, Jafri MS, Kabbani N. Ionotropic and Metabotropic Mechanisms of Allosteric Modulation of α7 Nicotinic Receptor Intracellular Calcium. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:601-611. [PMID: 29588343 PMCID: PMC11033947 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological targeting of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7) is a promising strategy in the development of new drugs for neurologic diseases. Because α7 receptors regulate cellular calcium, we investigated how the prototypical type II-positive allosteric modulator PNU120596 affects α7-mediated calcium signaling. Live imaging experiments show that PNU120596 augments ryanodine receptor-driven calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), inositol-induced calcium release (IICR), and phospholipase C activation by the α7 receptor. Both influx of calcium through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel as well as the binding of intracellular G proteins were involved in the effect of PNU120596 on intracellular calcium. This is evidenced by the findings that chelation of extracellular calcium, expression of α7D44A or α7345-348A mutant subunits, or blockade of calcium store release compromised the ability of PNU120596 to increase intracellular calcium transients generated by α7 ligand activation. Spatiotemporal stochastic modeling of calcium transient responses corroborates these results and indicates that α7 receptor activation enables calcium microdomains locally and to lesser extent in the distant cytosol. From the model, allosteric modulation of the receptor activates CICR locally via ryanodine receptors and augments IICR through enhanced calcium influx due to prolonged α7 nAChR opening. These findings provide a new mechanistic framework for understanding the effect of α7 receptor allosteric modulation on both local and global calcium dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R King
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience (J.R.K., M.S.J., N.K.) and School of Systems Biology (A.U., E.B., M.S.J., N.K.), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Aman Ullah
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience (J.R.K., M.S.J., N.K.) and School of Systems Biology (A.U., E.B., M.S.J., N.K.), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Ellen Bak
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience (J.R.K., M.S.J., N.K.) and School of Systems Biology (A.U., E.B., M.S.J., N.K.), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - M Saleet Jafri
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience (J.R.K., M.S.J., N.K.) and School of Systems Biology (A.U., E.B., M.S.J., N.K.), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience (J.R.K., M.S.J., N.K.) and School of Systems Biology (A.U., E.B., M.S.J., N.K.), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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18
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Delgado-Vélez M, Lasalde-Dominicci JA. The Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Response and the Role of Macrophages in HIV-Induced Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051473. [PMID: 29772664 PMCID: PMC5983673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells that protect the body from foreign invaders and actively support the immune response by releasing anti- and proinflammatory cytokines. A seminal finding revolutionized the way macrophages are seen. The expression of the neuronal alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) in macrophages led to the establishment of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response (CAR) in which the activation of this receptor inactivates macrophage production of proinflammatory cytokines. This novel neuroimmune response soon began to emerge as a potential target to counteract inflammation during illness and infection states. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suffer from chronic inflammation that persists even under antiretroviral therapy. Despite the CAR’s importance, few studies involving macrophages have been performed in the HIV field. Evidence demonstrates that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) recovered from HIV-infected individuals are upregulated for α7-nAChR. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrate that addition of an HIV viral constituent, gp120IIIB, to uninfected MDMs also upregulates the α7-nAChR. Importantly, contrary to what was expected, activation of upregulated α7-nAChRs in macrophages does not reduce inflammation, suggesting a CAR disruption. Although it is reasonable to consider this receptor as a pharmacological target, additional studies are necessary since its activity seems to differ from that observed in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico.
| | - José A Lasalde-Dominicci
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931, Puerto Rico.
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King JR, Kabbani N. Alpha 7 nicotinic receptors attenuate neurite development through calcium activation of calpain at the growth cone. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197247. [PMID: 29768467 PMCID: PMC5955587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that plays an important role in cellular calcium signaling contributing to synaptic development and plasticity, and is a key drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that α7 nAChR mediated calcium signals in differentiating PC12 cells activate the proteolytic enzyme calpain leading to spectrin breakdown, microtubule retraction, and attenuation in neurite growth. Imaging in growth cones confirms that α7 activation decreases EB3 comet motility in a calcium dependent manner as demonstrated by the ability of α7 nAChR, ryanodine, or IP3 receptor antagonists to block the effect of α7 nAChR on growth. α7 nAChR mediated EB3 comet motility, spectrin breakdown, and neurite growth was also inhibited by the addition of the selective calpain blocker calpeptin and attenuated by the expression of an α7 subunit unable to bind Gαq and activate calcium store release. The findings indicate that α7 nAChRs regulate cytoskeletal dynamics through local calcium signals for calpain protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. King
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kabbani N, Nichols RA. Beyond the Channel: Metabotropic Signaling by Nicotinic Receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:354-366. [PMID: 29428175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) that plays an important role in cellular calcium signaling and contributes to several neurological diseases. Agonist binding to the α7 nAChR induces fast channel activation followed by inactivation and prolonged desensitization while triggering long-lasting calcium signaling. These activities foster neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and somatodendritic regulation in the brain. We discuss here the ability of α7 nAChRs to operate in ionotropic (α7i) and metabotropic (α7m) modes, leading to calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) and G protein-associated inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-induced calcium release (IICR), respectively. Metabotropic activity extends the spatial and temporal aspects of calcium signaling by the α7 channel beyond its ionotropic limits, persisting into the desensitized state. Delineation of the ionotropic and metabotropic properties of the α7 nAChR will provide definitive indicators of moment-to-moment receptor functional status that will, in turn, spearhead new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| | - Robert A Nichols
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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21
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Ballinger EC, Ananth M, Talmage DA, Role LW. Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Circuits and Signaling in Cognition and Cognitive Decline. Neuron 2017; 91:1199-1218. [PMID: 27657448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent work continues to place cholinergic circuits at center stage for normal executive and mnemonic functioning and provides compelling evidence that the loss of cholinergic signaling and cognitive decline are inextricably linked. This Review focuses on the last few years of studies on the mechanisms by which cholinergic signaling contributes to circuit activity related to cognition. We attempt to identify areas of controversy, as well as consensus, on what is and is not yet known about how cholinergic signaling in the CNS contributes to normal cognitive processes. In addition, we delineate the findings from recent work on the extent to which dysfunction of cholinergic circuits contributes to cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Ballinger
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Mala Ananth
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - David A Talmage
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, CNS Disorders Center, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lorna W Role
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Neurosciences Institute, CNS Disorders Center, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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22
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Fujii T, Mashimo M, Moriwaki Y, Misawa H, Ono S, Horiguchi K, Kawashima K. Expression and Function of the Cholinergic System in Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1085. [PMID: 28932225 PMCID: PMC5592202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T and B cells express most cholinergic system components—e.g., acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase, and both muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs, respectively). Using ChATBAC-eGFP transgenic mice, ChAT expression has been confirmed in T and B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Moreover, T cell activation via T-cell receptor/CD3-mediated pathways upregulates ChAT mRNA expression and ACh synthesis, suggesting that this lymphocytic cholinergic system contributes to the regulation of immune function. Immune cells express all five mAChRs (M1–M5). Combined M1/M5 mAChR-deficient (M1/M5-KO) mice produce less antigen-specific antibody than wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, spleen cells in M1/M5-KO mice produce less tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, suggesting M1/M5 mAChRs are involved in regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and antibody production. Immune cells also frequently express the α2, α5, α6, α7, α9, and α10 nAChR subunits. α7 nAChR-deficient (α7-KO) mice produce more antigen-specific antibody than WT mice, and spleen cells from α7-KO mice produce more TNF-α and IL-6 than WT cells. This suggests that α7 nAChRs are involved in regulating cytokine production and thus modulate antibody production. Evidence also indicates that nicotine modulates immune responses by altering cytokine production and that α7 nAChR signaling contributes to immunomodulation through modification of T cell differentiation. Together, these findings suggest the involvement of both mAChRs and nAChRs in the regulation of immune function. The observation that vagus nerve stimulation protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock led to the notion of a cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex pathway, and the spleen is an essential component of this anti-inflammatory reflex. Because the spleen lacks direct vagus innervation, it has been postulated that ACh synthesized by a subset of CD4+ T cells relays vagal nerve signals to α7 nAChRs on splenic macrophages, which downregulates TNF-α synthesis and release, thereby modulating inflammatory responses. However, because the spleen is innervated solely by the noradrenergic splenic nerve, confirmation of an anti-inflammatory reflex pathway involving the spleen requires several more hypotheses to be addressed. We will review and discuss these issues in the context of the cholinergic system in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Ono
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Horiguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Medicine, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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King JR, Gillevet TC, Kabbani N. A G protein-coupled α7 nicotinic receptor regulates signaling and TNF-α release in microglia. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1350-1361. [PMID: 28904864 PMCID: PMC5586346 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) in microglia attenuates neuroinflammation and regulates TNF‐α release. We used lipopolysaccharide to model inflammation in the microglial cell line EOC20 and examined signaling by the α7 nAChR. Co‐immunoprecipitation experiments confirm that α7 nAChRs bind heterotrimeric G proteins in EOC20 cells. Interaction with Gαi mediates α7 nAChR signaling via enhanced intracellular calcium release and a decrease in cAMP, p38 phosphorylation, and TNF‐α release. These α7 nAChR effects were blocked by the inhibition of Gαi signaling via pertussis toxin, PLC activity with U73122, and α7 nAChR channel activity with the selective antagonist α‐bungarotoxin. Moreover, α7 nAChR signaling in EOC20 cells was significantly diminished by the expression of a dominant‐negative α7 nAChR, α7345‐8A, shown to be impaired in G protein binding. These findings indicate an essential role for G protein coupling in α7 nAChR function in microglia leading to the regulation of inflammation in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R King
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | - Trudy C Gillevet
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study George Mason University Fairfax VA USA
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24
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Mulcahy MJ, Lester HA. Granulocytes as models for human protein marker identification following nicotine exposure. J Neurochem 2017; 142 Suppl 2:151-161. [PMID: 28791704 PMCID: PMC6057152 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric cation channels expressed in the mammalian CNS, in the peripheral nervous system, and in skeletal muscle. Neuronal-type nAChRs are also found in several non-neuronal cell types, including leukocytes. Granulocytes are a subtype of leukocytes that include basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Granulocytes, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, are characterized by their ability to produce, store, and release compounds from intracellular granules. Granulocytes are the most abundant type of leukocyte circulating in the peripheral blood. Granulocyte abundance, nAChR expression, and nAChR upregulation following chronic nicotine administration makes granulocytes interesting models for identifying protein markers of nicotine exposure. Nicotinic receptor subunits and several non-nAChR proteins have been identified as protein markers of granulocyte nicotine exposure. We review methods to isolate granulocytes from human tissue, summarize present data about the expression of nAChRs in the three granulocyte cell types (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils), describe current knowledge of the effects of nicotine exposure on human granulocyte protein expression, and highlight areas of interest for future investigation. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mulcahy
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Henry A Lester
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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25
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Essential Roles for ARID1B in Dendritic Arborization and Spine Morphology of Developing Pyramidal Neurons. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2723-42. [PMID: 26937011 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2321-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED De novo truncating mutations in ARID1B, a chromatin-remodeling gene, cause Coffin-Siris syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability and speech impairment; however, how the genetic elimination leads to cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the neural functions of ARID1B during brain development. Here, we show that ARID1B regulates dendritic differentiation in the developing mouse brain. We knocked down ARID1B expression in mouse pyramidal neurons using in utero gene delivery methodologies. ARID1B knockdown suppressed dendritic arborization of cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons in mice. The abnormal development of dendrites accompanied a decrease in dendritic outgrowth into layer I. Furthermore, knockdown of ARID1B resulted in aberrant dendritic spines and synaptic transmission. Finally, ARID1B deficiency led to altered expression of c-Fos and Arc, and overexpression of these factors rescued abnormal differentiation induced by ARID1B knockdown. Our results demonstrate a novel role for ARID1B in neuronal differentiation and provide new insights into the origin of cognitive dysfunction associated with developmental intellectual disability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Haploinsufficiency of ARID1B, a component of chromatin remodeling complex, causes intellectual disability. However, the role of ARID1B in brain development is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that ARID1B is required for neuronal differentiation in the developing brain, such as in dendritic arborization and synapse formation. Our findings suggest that ARID1B plays a critical role in the establishment of cognitive circuitry by regulating dendritic complexity. Thus, ARID1B deficiency may cause intellectual disability via abnormal brain wiring induced by the defective differentiation of cortical neurons.
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26
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Chung BYT, Bignell W, Jacklin DL, Winters BD, Bailey CDC. Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors facilitate excitation of developing CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:2043-2055. [PMID: 27489367 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a key role in learning and memory. The normal development and mature function of hippocampal networks supporting these cognitive functions depends on afferent cholinergic neurotransmission mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Whereas it is well-established that nicotinic receptors are present on GABAergic interneurons and on glutamatergic presynaptic terminals within the hippocampus, the ability of these receptors to mediate postsynaptic signaling in pyramidal neurons is not well understood. We use whole cell electrophysiology to show that heteromeric nicotinic receptors mediate direct inward currents, depolarization from rest and enhanced excitability in hippocampus CA1 pyramidal neurons of male mice. Measurements made throughout postnatal development provide a thorough developmental profile for these heteromeric nicotinic responses, which are greatest during the first 2 wk of postnatal life and decrease to low adult levels shortly thereafter. Pharmacological experiments show that responses are blocked by a competitive antagonist of α4β2* nicotinic receptors and augmented by a positive allosteric modulator of α5 subunit-containing receptors, which is consistent with expression studies suggesting the presence of α4β2 and α4β2α5 nicotinic receptors within the developing CA1 pyramidal cell layer. These findings demonstrate that functional heteromeric nicotinic receptors are present on CA1 pyramidal neurons during a period of major hippocampal development, placing these receptors in a prime position to play an important role in the establishment of hippocampal cognitive networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Y T Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Warren Bignell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Derek L Jacklin
- Department of Psychology, College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology, College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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27
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King JR, Kabbani N. Alpha 7 nicotinic receptor coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins modulates RhoA activation, cytoskeletal motility, and structural growth. J Neurochem 2016; 138:532-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. King
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University; Fairfax Virginia USA
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience; Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study; George Mason University; Fairfax Virginia USA
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28
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Corradi J, Bouzat C. Understanding the Bases of Function and Modulation of α7 Nicotinic Receptors: Implications for Drug Discovery. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:288-99. [PMID: 27190210 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) belongs to a superfamily of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels involved in many physiologic and pathologic processes. Among nAChRs, receptors comprising the α7 subunit are unique because of their high Ca(2+) permeability and fast desensitization. nAChR agonists elicit a transient ion flux response that is further sustained by the release of calcium from intracellular sources. Owing to the dual ionotropic/metabotropic nature of α7 receptors, signaling pathways are activated. The α7 subunit is highly expressed in the nervous system, mostly in regions implicated in cognition and memory and has therefore attracted attention as a novel drug target. Additionally, its dysfunction is associated with several neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. α7 is also expressed in non-neuronal cells, particularly immune cells, where it plays a role in immunity, inflammation, and neuroprotection. Thus, α7 potentiation has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for several neurologic and inflammatory disorders. With unique activation properties, the receptor is a sensitive drug target carrying different potential binding sites for chemical modulators, particularly agonists and positive allosteric modulators. Although macroscopic and single-channel recordings have provided significant information about the underlying molecular mechanisms and binding sites of modulatory compounds, we know just the tip of the iceberg. Further concerted efforts are necessary to effectively exploit α7 as a drug target for each pathologic situation. In this article, we focus mainly on the molecular basis of activation and drug modulation of α7, key pillars for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremías Corradi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET/UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Universidad Nacional del Sur, CONICET/UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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29
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Gogliettino AR, Potenza MN, Yip SW. White matter development and tobacco smoking in young adults: A systematic review with recommendations for future research. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 162:26-33. [PMID: 26948756 PMCID: PMC4833590 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence and young adulthood are critical vulnerability periods for initiation of tobacco smoking. White matter development is ongoing during this time and may be influenced by exposure to nicotine. Synthesis of findings from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of adolescent and young adult smokers may be helpful in understanding the relationship between neurodevelopment and initiation and progression of tobacco-use behaviors and in guiding further research. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to identify DTI studies comparing adolescent and young adult (mean age <30 years) smokers versus nonsmokers. A total of 5 studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Primary study findings are reviewed and discussed within the context of neurodevelopment and in relation to findings from adult studies. Directions for further research are also discussed. RESULTS All identified studies reported increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) among adolescent/young adult smokers in comparison to non-smokers. Increased FA was most frequently reported in regions of the corpus callosum (genu, body and spenium), internal capsule and superior longitudinal fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS Findings of increased FA among adolescent/young adult smokers are contrary to those from most adult studies and thus raise the possibility of differential effects of nicotine on white matter across the lifespan. Further research including multiple time points is needed to test this hypothesis. Other areas warranting further research include DTI studies of e-cigarette use and studies incorporating measures of pubertal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, CASAColumbia, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States, Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, CASAColumbia, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, Corresponding author at: 1 Church Street, 7th Floor, Room 730, New Haven, CT 06510-3330, United States. Fax: +1 203 737 3591. (S.W. Yip)
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30
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Sweadner KJ, Toro C, Whitlow CT, Snively BM, Cook JF, Ozelius LJ, Markello TC, Brashear A. ATP1A3 Mutation in Adult Rapid-Onset Ataxia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151429. [PMID: 26990090 PMCID: PMC4798776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-year old male presented with ataxia and dysarthria that had appeared over a period of months. Exome sequencing identified a de novo missense variant in ATP1A3, the gene encoding the α3 subunit of Na,K-ATPase. Several lines of evidence suggest that the variant is causative. ATP1A3 mutations can cause rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) with a similar age and speed of onset, as well as severe diseases of infancy. The patient's ATP1A3 p.Gly316Ser mutation was validated in the laboratory by the impaired ability of the expressed protein to support the growth of cultured cells. In a crystal structure of Na,K-ATPase, the mutated amino acid was directly apposed to a different amino acid mutated in RDP. Clinical evaluation showed that the patient had many characteristics of RDP, however he had minimal fixed dystonia, a defining symptom of RDP. Successive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed progressive cerebellar atrophy, explaining the ataxia. The absence of dystonia in the presence of other RDP symptoms corroborates other evidence that the cerebellum contributes importantly to dystonia pathophysiology. We discuss the possibility that a second de novo variant, in ubiquilin 4 (UBQLN4), a ubiquitin pathway component, contributed to the cerebellar neurodegenerative phenotype and differentiated the disease from other manifestations of ATP1A3 mutations. We also show that a homozygous variant in GPRIN1 (G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1) deletes a motif with multiple copies and is unlikely to be causative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J. Sweadner
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, and Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly M. Snively
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jared F. Cook
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laurie J. Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, and Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allison Brashear
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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31
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Abstract
Covering: 1860-2016A mechanistic link may exist between convulsant plant substances typified by picrotoxinin, and 'neurotrophic' sesquiterpenes like jiadifenolide. Picrotoxinin elicits convulsion by anion blockade of the Cys-loop family of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. These same receptors mediate neuronal development and neurite outgrowth prior to synapse formation. Due to its structural homology with picrotoxin and anisatin, it is possible that jiadifenolide enhances NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth by modulation of the Cys-loop family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Shenvi
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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32
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Hu S, Cui W, Mak S, Xu D, Hu Y, Tang J, Choi C, Lee M, Pang Y, Han Y. Substantial Neuroprotective and Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Activities by Bis(propyl)-cognitin via the Activation of Alpha7-nAChR, a Promising Anti-Alzheimer's Dimer. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1536-45. [PMID: 26147504 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be ascribed to the progressive loss of functional neurons in the brain, and hence, agents with neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities that allow for the replacement of lost neurons may have significant therapeutic value. In the current study, the neuroprotective and the neurite outgrowth-promoting activities and molecular mechanisms of bis(propyl)-cognitin (B3C), a multifunctional anti-AD dimer, were investigated. Briefly, B3C (24 h pretreatment) fully protected against glutamate-induced neuronal death in primary cerebellar granule neurons with an IC50 value of 0.08 μM. The neuroprotection of B3C could be abrogated by methyllycaconitine, a specific antagonist of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR). In addition, B3C significantly promoted neurite outgrowth in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons, as evidenced by the increase in the percentage of cells with extended neurites as well as the up-regulation of neuronal markers growth-associated protein-43 and β-III-tubulin. Furthermore, B3C rapidly upregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a critical signaling molecule in neurite outgrowth that is downstream of the α7-nAChR signal pathway. Specific inhibitors of ERK and α7-nAChR, but not those of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, blocked the neurite outgrowth as well as ERK activation in PC12 cells induced by B3C. Most importantly, genetic depletion of α7-nAChR significantly abolished B3C-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that B3C provided neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth-promoting activities through the activation of α7-nAChR, which offers a novel molecular insight into the potential application of B3C in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Hu
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shinghung Mak
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Daping Xu
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Mayo
Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Chunglit Choi
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingyuen Lee
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yuanping Pang
- Mayo
Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Yifan Han
- Department
of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese
Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen
Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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33
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Zhang Q, Du Y, Zhang J, Xu X, Xue F, Guo C, Huang Y, Lukas RJ, Chang Y. Functional Impact of 14 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Causing Missense Mutations of Human α7 Nicotinic Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137588. [PMID: 26340537 PMCID: PMC4560414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The α7nicotinic receptor (nAChR) is a major subtype of the nAChRs in the central nervous system, and the receptor plays an important role in brain function. In the dbSNP database, there are 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cause missense mutations of the human α7nAChR in the coding region. In this study, we tested the impact of 14 SNPs that cause missense mutations in the agonist binding site or the coupling region between binding site and channel gate on the receptor function. The wild type or mutant receptors were expressed or co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the agonist-induced currents were tested using two-electrode voltage clamp. Our results demonstrated that 6 mutants were nonfunctional, 4 mutants had reduced current expression, and 1 mutants altered ACh and nicotine efficacy in the opposite direction, and one additional mutant had slightly reduced agonist sensitivity. Interestingly, the function of most of these nonfunctional mutants could be rescued by α7nAChR positive allosteric modulator PNU-120596 and agonist-PAM 4BP-TQS. Finally, when coexpressed with the wild type, the nonfunctional mutants could also influence the receptor function. These changes of the receptor properties by the mutations could potentially have an impact on the physiological function of the α7nAChR-mediated cholinergic synaptic transmission and anti-inflammatory effects in the human SNP carriers. Rescuing the nonfunctional mutants could provide a novel way to treat the related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Zhang
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China
- Chengdu institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Yingjie Du
- University of California Los Angeles, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States of America
| | - Jianliang Zhang
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Major Disorders; State Key Lab Incubation Base, Beijing Neuroscience Disciplines, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Fenqin Xue
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610064, China
- Chengdu institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Ronald J. Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
| | - Yongchang Chang
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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34
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Nurulain S, Prytkova T, Sultan AM, Ievglevskyi O, Lorke D, Yang KHS, Petroianu G, Howarth FC, Kabbani N, Oz M. Inhibitory actions of bisabolol on α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuroscience 2015; 306:91-9. [PMID: 26283025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisabolol is a plant-derived monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with antinociceptive and antiinflammatory actions. However, molecular targets mediating these effects of bisabolol are poorly understood. In this study, using a two-electrode voltage-clamp and patch-clamp techniques and live cellular calcium imaging, we have investigated the effect of bisabolol on the function of human α7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Xenopus oocytes, interneurons of rat hippocampal slices. We have found that bisabolol reversibly and concentration dependently (IC50 = 3.1 μM) inhibits acetylcholine (ACh)-induced α7 receptor-mediated currents. The effect of bisabolol was not dependent on the membrane potential. Bisabolol inhibition was not changed by intracellular injection of the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA and perfusion with Ca(2+)-free solution containing Ba(2+), suggesting that endogenous Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels are not involved in bisabolol actions. Increasing the concentrations of ACh did not reverse bisabolol inhibition. Furthermore, the specific binding of [(125)I] α-bungarotoxin was not attenuated by bisabolol. Choline-induced currents in CA1 interneurons of rat hippocampal slices were also inhibited with IC50 of 4.6 μM. Collectively, our results suggest that bisabolol directly inhibits α7-nAChRs via a binding site on the receptor channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nurulain
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - T Prytkova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - A M Sultan
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - O Ievglevskyi
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - D Lorke
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - K-H S Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Petroianu
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - F C Howarth
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - N Kabbani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - M Oz
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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35
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Koukouli F, Maskos U. The multiple roles of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in modulating glutamatergic systems in the normal and diseased nervous system. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26206184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in a variety of modulatory and regulatory processes including neurotransmitter release and synaptic transmission in various brain regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and the glutamatergic system participates in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Underpinning the importance of nAChRs, many studies demonstrated that nAChRs containing the α7 subunit facilitate glutamate release. Here, we review the currently available body of experimental evidence pertaining to α7 subunit containing nAChRs in their contribution to the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, and we highlight the role of α7 in synaptic plasticity, the morphological and functional maturation of the glutamatergic system and therefore its important contribution in the modulation of neural circuits of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani Koukouli
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France.
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Institut Pasteur, Neurobiologie intégrative des systèmes cholinergiques, CNRS UMR 3571, Paris, France.
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36
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King JR, Nordman JC, Bridges SP, Lin MK, Kabbani N. Identification and Characterization of a G Protein-binding Cluster in α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20060-70. [PMID: 26088141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.647040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play an important role in synaptic transmission and inflammation. In response to ligands, this receptor channel opens to conduct cations into the cell but desensitizes rapidly. In recent studies we show that α7 nAChRs bind signaling proteins such as heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Here, we demonstrate that direct coupling of α7 nAChRs to G proteins enables a downstream calcium signaling response that can persist beyond the expected time course of channel activation. This process depends on a G protein-binding cluster (GPBC) in the M3-M4 loop of the receptor. A mutation of the GPBC in the α7 nAChR (α7345-348A) abolishes interaction with Gαq as well as Gβγ while having no effect on receptor synthesis, cell-surface trafficking, or α-bungarotoxin binding. Expression of α7345-348A, however, did significantly attenuate the α7 nAChR-induced Gαq calcium signaling response as evidenced by a decrease in PLC-β activation and IP3R-mediated calcium store release in the presence of the α7 selective agonist choline. Taken together, the data provides new evidence for the existence of a GPBC in nAChRs serving to promote intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R King
- From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 and the INOVA Neuroscience Program, Annandale, Virginia 22003
| | - Jacob C Nordman
- From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 and the INOVA Neuroscience Program, Annandale, Virginia 22003
| | - Samuel P Bridges
- From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 and the INOVA Neuroscience Program, Annandale, Virginia 22003
| | - Ming-Kuan Lin
- From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 and the INOVA Neuroscience Program, Annandale, Virginia 22003
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- From the Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030 and the INOVA Neuroscience Program, Annandale, Virginia 22003
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37
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Hu SQ, Cui W, Mak SH, Choi CL, Hu YJ, Li G, Tsim KWK, Pang YP, Han YF. Robust Neuritogenesis-Promoting Activity by Bis(heptyl)-Cognitin Through the Activation of alpha7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor/ERK Pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:520-9. [PMID: 25917415 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by progressive neuronal loss in the brain, and hence, compounds that could promote neuritogenesis may have therapeutic values. In this study, the effects of bis(heptyl)-cognitin (B7C), a multifunctional dimer, on neurite outgrowth were investigated in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons. METHODS Immunocytochemical staining was used to evaluate the proneuritogenesis effects, and Western blot and short hairpin RNA assays were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS B7C (0.1-0.5 μM) induced robust neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, as evidenced by the neurite-bearing morphology and upregulation of growth-associated protein-43 expression. In addition, B7C markedly promoted neurite outgrowth in primary cortical neurons as shown by the increase in the length of β-III-tubulin-positive neurites. Furthermore, B7C rapidly increased ERK phosphorylation. Specific inhibitors of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) and MEK, but not those of p38 or JNK, blocked the neurite outgrowth as well as ERK phosphorylation induced by B7C. Most importantly, genetic depletion of α7-nAChR significantly abolished B7C-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. CONCLUSION B7C promoted neurite outgrowth through the activation of α7-nAChR/ERK pathway, which offers novel insight into the potential application of B7C in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Quan Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of New Drug Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shing-Hung Mak
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chung-Lit Choi
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Pang
- Mayo Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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38
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Baier C, Franco D, Gallegos C, Mongiat L, Dionisio L, Bouzat C, Caviedes P, Barrantes F. Corticosterone affects the differentiation of a neuronal cerebral cortex-derived cell line through modulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Neuroscience 2014; 274:369-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Flynn FW, Kinney-Lang E, Hoekstra C, Pratt DL, Thakar A. Activation of the neurokinin 3 receptor promotes filopodia growth and sprouting in rat embryonic hypothalamic cells. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 75:12-22. [PMID: 25044785 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the tachykinin family have trophic effects on developing neurons. The tachykinin neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) appears early in embryonic development; during the peak birthdates of hypothalamic neurons, but its involvement in neural development has not been examined. To address its possible role, immortalized embryonic hypothalamic neurons (CLU209) were treated with CellMask, a plasma membrane stain, or the membranes were imaged in CLU209 cells that were transfected with a pEGFP-NK3R expression vector. Nontransfected cells and transfected cells were then treated with senktide, a NK3R agonist, or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and time-lapse confocal images were captured for the following 30 min. Compared to DMEM, senktide treatment led to filopodia initiation from the soma of both nontransfected and transfected CLU209 cells. These filopodia had diameters and lengths of approximately 200 nm and 3 µm, respectively. Pretreatment with an IP3 receptor blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), prevented the senktide-induced growth in filopodia; demonstrating that NK3R-induced outgrowth of filopodia likely involves the release of intracellular calcium. Exposure of transfected CLU209 cells to senktide for 24 h led to further growth of filopodia and processes that extended 10-20 µm. A mathematical model, composed of a linear and population model was developed to account for the dynamics of filopodia growth during a timescale of minutes. The results suggest that the ligand-induced activation of NK3R affects early developmental processes by initiating filopodia formation that are a prerequisite for neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis W Flynn
- Graduate Neuroscience Program and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071
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40
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Parekh R, Ascoli GA. Quantitative investigations of axonal and dendritic arbors: development, structure, function, and pathology. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:241-54. [PMID: 24972604 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414540216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The branching structures of neurons are a long-standing focus of neuroscience. Axonal and dendritic morphology affect synaptic signaling, integration, and connectivity, and their diversity reflects the computational specialization of neural circuits. Altered neuronal morphology accompanies functional changes during development, experience, aging, and disease. Technological improvements continuously accelerate high-throughput tissue processing, image acquisition, and morphological reconstruction. Digital reconstructions of neuronal morphologies allow for complex quantitative analyses that are unattainable from raw images or two-dimensional tracings. Furthermore, digitized morphologies enable computational modeling of biophysically realistic neuronal dynamics. Additionally, reconstructions generated to address specific scientific questions have the potential for continued investigations beyond the original reason for their acquisition. Facilitating multiple reuse are repositories like NeuroMorpho.Org, which ease the sharing of reconstructions. Here, we review selected scientific literature reporting the reconstruction of axonal or dendritic morphology with diverse goals including establishment of neuronal identity, examination of physiological properties, and quantification of developmental or pathological changes. These reconstructions, deposited in NeuroMorpho.Org, have since been used by other investigators in additional research, of which we highlight representative examples. This cycle of data generation, analysis, sharing, and reuse reveals the vast potential of digital reconstructions in quantitative investigations of neuronal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Parekh
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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41
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Molas S, Dierssen M. The role of nicotinic receptors in shaping and functioning of the glutamatergic system: a window into cognitive pathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:315-25. [PMID: 24879992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the cholinergic system in learning, memory and attention has long been recognized, although its neurobiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent evidence identifies the endogenous cholinergic signaling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as key players in determining the morphological and functional maturation of the glutamatergic system. Here, we review the available experimental and clinical evidence of nAChRs contribution to the establishment of the glutamatergic system, and therefore to cognitive function. We provide some clues of the putative underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss recent human studies that associate genetic variability of the genes encoding nAChR subunits with cognitive disorders. Finally, we discuss the new avenues to therapeutically targeting nAChRs in persons with cognitive dysfunction for which the α7-nAChR subunit is an important etiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Molas
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona E-08003, Spain; University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona E-08003, Spain.
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42
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Kabbani N, Nordman JC, Corgiat BA, Veltri DP, Shehu A, Seymour VA, Adams DJ. Are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors coupled to G proteins? Bioessays 2014; 35:1025-34. [PMID: 24185813 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It was, until recently, accepted that the two classes of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are distinct in an important sense: muscarinic ACh receptors signal via heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins (G proteins), whereas nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) open to allow flux of Na+, Ca2+, and K+ ions into the cell after activation. Here we present evidence of direct coupling between G proteins and nAChRs in neurons. Based on proteomic, biophysical, and functional evidence, we hypothesize that binding to G proteins modulates the activity and signaling of nAChRs in cells. It is important to note that while this hypothesis is new for the nAChR, it is consistent with known interactions between G proteins and structurally related ligand-gated ion channels. Therefore, it underscores an evolutionarily conserved metabotropic mechanism of G protein signaling via nAChR channels.
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43
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Nordman JC, Kabbani N. Microtubule dynamics at the growth cone are mediated by α7 nicotinic receptor activation of a Gαq and IP3 receptor pathway. FASEB J 2014; 28:2995-3006. [PMID: 24687992 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic receptor (α7) plays an important role in neuronal growth and structural plasticity in the developing brain. We have recently characterized a G-protein-signaling pathway regulated by α7 that directs the growth of neurites in developing neural cells. Now we show that choline activation of α7 promotes a rise in intracellular calcium from local ER stores via Gαq signaling, leading to IP3 receptor (IP3R) activation at the growth cone of differentiating PC12 cells. A mutant α7 significantly attenuated in calcium conductance (D44A; P<0.001) was found to be unable to promote IP3R signaling and calcium store release. In addition, calcium elevation via α7 correlates with a significant attenuation in the rate of microtubule invasion of the growth cone (P<0.001). This process was also attenuated in the D44A mutant and blocked by an inhibitor of the IP3R, suggesting that calcium flow through the α7 channel and activation of the Gαq pathway are necessary for growth. Taken together, the findings reveal an inhibitory mechanism of α7 on cytoskeletal growth via the intracellular calcium activity of the receptor channel and the Gαq signaling pathway at the growth cone.-Nordman, J. C., Kabbani, N. Microtubule dynamics at the growth cone are mediated by α7 nicotinic receptor activation of a Gαq and IP3 receptor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Nordman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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44
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Contreras-Vallejos E, Utreras E, Bórquez DA, Prochazkova M, Terse A, Jaffe H, Toledo A, Arruti C, Pant HC, Kulkarni AB, González-Billault C. Searching for novel Cdk5 substrates in brain by comparative phosphoproteomics of wild type and Cdk5-/- mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90363. [PMID: 24658276 PMCID: PMC3962345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification that regulates several pivotal functions in cells. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase which is mostly active in the nervous system. It regulates several biological processes such as neuronal migration, cytoskeletal dynamics, axonal guidance and synaptic plasticity among others. In search for novel substrates of Cdk5 in the brain we performed quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis, isolating phosphoproteins from whole brain derived from E18.5 Cdk5+/+ and Cdk5−/− embryos, using an Immobilized Metal-Ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC), which specifically binds to phosphorylated proteins. The isolated phosphoproteins were eluted and isotopically labeled for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and mass spectrometry identification. We found 40 proteins that showed decreased phosphorylation at Cdk5−/− brains. In addition, out of these 40 hypophosphorylated proteins we characterized two proteins, :MARCKS (Myristoylated Alanine-Rich protein Kinase C substrate) and Grin1 (G protein regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1). MARCKS is known to be phosphorylated by Cdk5 in chick neural cells while Grin1 has not been reported to be phosphorylated by Cdk5. When these proteins were overexpressed in N2A neuroblastoma cell line along with p35, serine phosphorylation in their Cdk5 motifs was found to be increased. In contrast, treatments with roscovitine, the Cdk5 inhibitor, resulted in an opposite effect on serine phosphorylation in N2A cells and primary hippocampal neurons transfected with MARCKS. In summary, the results presented here identify Grin 1 as novel Cdk5 substrate and confirm previously identified MARCKS as a a bona fide Cdk5 substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Contreras-Vallejos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elías Utreras
- Laboratory of Cellular and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Bórquez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michaela Prochazkova
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Anita Terse
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Howard Jaffe
- Protein and Peptide Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Andrea Toledo
- Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Sección Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Arruti
- Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos, Sección Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Harish C. Pant
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
- * E-mail: (CGB); (ABK)
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Laboratory of Cellular and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (CGB); (ABK)
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45
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Nordman JC, Phillips WS, Kodama N, Clark SG, Del Negro CA, Kabbani N. Axon targeting of the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor in developing hippocampal neurons by Gprin1 regulates growth. J Neurochem 2014; 129:649-62. [PMID: 24350810 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling plays an important role in regulating the growth and regeneration of axons in the nervous system. The α7 nicotinic receptor (α7) can drive synaptic development and plasticity in the hippocampus. Here, we show that activation of α7 significantly reduces axon growth in hippocampal neurons by coupling to G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (Gprin1), which targets it to the growth cone. Knockdown of Gprin1 expression using RNAi is found sufficient to abolish the localization and calcium signaling of α7 at the growth cone. In addition, an α7/Gprin1 interaction appears intimately linked to a Gαo, growth-associated protein 43, and CDC42 cytoskeletal regulatory pathway within the developing axon. These findings demonstrate that α7 regulates axon growth in hippocampal neurons, thereby likely contributing to synaptic formation in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Nordman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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46
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Corgiat BA, Nordman JC, Kabbani N. Chemical crosslinkers enhance detection of receptor interactomes. Front Pharmacol 2014; 4:171. [PMID: 24432003 PMCID: PMC3882661 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor function is dependent on interaction with various intracellular proteins that ensure the localization and signaling of the receptor. While a number of approaches have been optimized for the isolation, purification, and proteomic characterization of receptor-protein interaction networks (interactomes) in cells, the capture of receptor interactomes and their dynamic properties remains a challenge. In particular, the study of interactome components that bind to the receptor with low affinity or can rapidly dissociate from the macromolecular complex is difficult. Here we describe how chemical crosslinking (CC) can aid in the isolation and proteomic analysis of receptor-protein interactions. The addition of CC to standard affinity purification and mass spectrometry protocols boosts the power of protein capture within the proteomic assay and enables the identification of specific binding partners under various cellular and receptor states. The utility of CC in receptor interactome studies is highlighted for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as well as several other receptor types. A better understanding of receptors and their interactions with proteins spearheads molecular biology, informs an integral part of bench medicine which helps in drug development, drug action, and understanding the pathophysiology of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Corgiat
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jacob C Nordman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
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47
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Zhong C, Talmage DA, Role LW. Nicotine elicits prolonged calcium signaling along ventral hippocampal axons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82719. [PMID: 24349346 PMCID: PMC3857818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have long been implicated in the modulation of CNS circuits. We previously reported that brief exposure to low concentrations of nicotine induced sustained potentiation of glutamatergic transmission at ventral hippocampal (vHipp)-striatal synapses. Here, we exploited nAChR subtype-selective antagonists and agonists and α7*nAChR knockout mutant mice (α7-/-) to elucidate the signaling mechanisms underlying nAChR-mediated modulation of synaptic transmission. Using a combination of micro-slices culture from WT and α7-/-mice, calcium imaging, and immuno-histochemical techniques, we found that nicotine elicits localized and oscillatory increases in intracellular Ca(2+) along vHipp axons that persists for up to 30 minutes. The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response was blocked by α-BgTx but not by DHβE and was mimicked by α7*nAChR agonists but not by non-α7*nAChR agonists. In vHipp slices from α7-/- mice, nicotine elicited only transient increases of axonal Ca(2+) signals and did not activate CaMKII. The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response required localized activation of CaMKII, phospholipase C, and IP3 receptor mediated Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). In conclusion, activation of presynaptic nAChRs by nicotine elicits Ca(2+) influx into the presynaptic axons, the sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca(2+) response requires that axonal α7*nAChR activate a downstream signaling network in the vHipp axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongbo Zhong
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Nervous System Disorder, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Talmage
- Center for Nervous System Disorder, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacological Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Lorna W. Role
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Center for Nervous System Disorder, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Neuroscience Institute, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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Mahgoub M, Keun-Hang SY, Sydorenko V, Ashoor A, Kabbani N, Al Kury L, Sadek B, Howarth CF, Isaev D, Galadari S, Oz M. Effects of cannabidiol on the function of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:310-9. [PMID: 24140434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive ingredient of cannabis plant, on the function of the cloned α7 subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine (α7 nACh) receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes were tested using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. CBD reversibly inhibited ACh (100 μM)-induced currents with an IC50 value of 11.3 µM. Other phytocannabinoids such as cannabinol and Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol did not affect ACh-induced currents. CBD inhibition was not altered by pertussis toxin treatment. In addition, CBD did not change GTP-γ-S binding to the membranes of oocytes injected with α7 nACh receptor cRNA. The effect of CBD was not dependent on the membrane potential. CBD (10 µM) did not affect the activity of endogenous Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels, since the extent of inhibition by CBD was unaltered by intracellular injection of the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA and perfusion with Ca(2+)-free bathing solution containing 2mM Ba(2+). Inhibition by CBD was not reversed by increasing ACh concentrations. Furthermore, specific binding of [(125)I] α-bungarotoxin was not inhibited by CBD (10 µM) in oocytes membranes. Using whole cell patch clamp technique in CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons of rat hippocampal slices, currents induced by choline, a selective-agonist of α7-receptor induced currents were also recoded. Bath application of CBD (10 µM) for 10 min caused a significant inhibition of choline induced currents. Finally, in hippocampal slices, [(3)H] norepinephrine release evoked by nicotine (30 µM) was also inhibited by 10 µM CBD. Our results indicate that CBD inhibits the function of the α7-nACh receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahgoub
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Nordman JC, Muldoon P, Clark S, Damaj MI, Kabbani N. The α4 nicotinic receptor promotes CD4+ T-cell proliferation and a helper T-cell immune response. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:50-61. [PMID: 24107512 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.088484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a common addiction and a leading cause of disease. Chronic nicotine exposure is known to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in immune cells. We demonstrate a novel role for α4 nAChRs in the effect of nicotine on T-cell proliferation and immunity. Using cell-based sorting and proteomic analysis we define an α4 nAChR expressing helper T-cell population (α4(+)CD3(+)CD4(+)) and show that this group of cells is responsive to sustained nicotine exposure. In the circulation, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus, we find that nicotine promotes an increase in CD3(+)CD4(+) cells via its activation of the α4 nAChR and regulation of G protein subunit o, G protein regulated-inducer of neurite outgrowth, and CDC42 signaling within T cells. In particular, nicotine is found to promote a helper T cell 2 adaptive immunologic response within T cells that is absent in α4(-/-) mice. We thus present a new mechanism of α4 nAChR signaling and immune regulation in T cells, possibly accounting for the effect of smoking on the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Nordman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (J.C.N., S.C., N.K.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (P.M., M.I.D.)
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50
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Ashoor A, Nordman JC, Veltri D, Yang KHS, Al Kury L, Shuba Y, Mahgoub M, Howarth FC, Sadek B, Shehu A, Kabbani N, Oz M. Menthol binding and inhibition of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67674. [PMID: 23935840 PMCID: PMC3720735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Menthol is a common compound in pharmaceutical and commercial products and a popular additive to cigarettes. The molecular targets of menthol remain poorly defined. In this study we show an effect of menthol on the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor function. Using a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique, menthol was found to reversibly inhibit α7-nACh receptors heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Inhibition by menthol was not dependent on the membrane potential and did not involve endogenous Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels, since menthol inhibition remained unchanged by intracellular injection of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA and perfusion with Ca2+-free bathing solution containing Ba2+. Furthermore, increasing ACh concentrations did not reverse menthol inhibition and the specific binding of [125I] α-bungarotoxin was not attenuated by menthol. Studies of α7- nACh receptors endogenously expressed in neural cells demonstrate that menthol attenuates α7 mediated Ca2+ transients in the cell body and neurite. In conclusion, our results suggest that menthol inhibits α7-nACh receptors in a noncompetitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ashoor
- Departments of Pharmacology Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jacob C. Nordman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Veltri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Keun-Hang Susan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - Lina Al Kury
- Departments of Pharmacology Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaroslav Shuba
- Departments of Pharmacology Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Mahgoub
- Departments of Pharmacology Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Departments of Pharmacology Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amarda Shehu
- Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Murat Oz
- Departments of Pharmacology Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail:
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