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Kawaguchi K, Otani R, Kikuchi M, Kushihara Y, Funata N, Yamada R, Shinoura N. Genetic Characteristics of Mismatch Repair-deficient Glioblastoma. NMC Case Rep J 2022; 8:565-571. [PMID: 35079518 PMCID: PMC8769403 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) gene deficiency is rarely observed in gliomas, a constitutional defect is associated with tumorigenesis in Lynch syndrome, and an acquired defect is associated with hypermutation after temozolomide treatment. However, the meaning of MMR gene deficiency in gliomas is unclear. Two cases of MMR-deficient glioblastomas are reported, and mutational status of oncogenes was compared between primary and recurrent tumor samples in a glioblastoma patient with Lynch syndrome. Additionally, the characteristics of MMR-deficient glioblastomas were analyzed using public glioma datasets to determine the meaning of MMR deficiency in gliomas. Case 1 was a glioblastoma patient with Lynch syndrome, and treatment with pembrolizumab for the recurrent tumor was temporarily effective for a short period. Comparison of mutational changes between primary and recurrent tumor samples showed many additional mutated genes associated with multiple signaling pathways in the recurrent tumor. Tumor recurrence and chemoresistance could be associated with intratumoral heterogeneity and accelerated tumor progression due to defects of multiple signaling pathways. Case 2 was a glioblastoma patient with acquired MMR gene deficiency, and she died of rapid progression of bone marrow metastases. This rare clinical course was considered to be associated with gene expression changes and heterogeneity that resulted from MMR gene deficiency. Two cases of MMR gene-deficient glioblastomas were presented, and their genetic characteristics suggested that their clinical courses could be associated with MMR gene deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Otani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyu Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Funata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobusada Shinoura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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C3G Protein, a New Player in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810018. [PMID: 34576182 PMCID: PMC8466177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
C3G (RAPGEF1) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for GTPases from the Ras superfamily, mainly Rap1, although it also acts through GEF-independent mechanisms. C3G regulates several cellular functions. It is expressed at relatively high levels in specific brain areas, playing important roles during embryonic development. Recent studies have uncovered different roles for C3G in cancer that are likely to depend on cell context, tumour type, and stage. However, its role in brain tumours remained unknown until very recently. We found that C3G expression is downregulated in GBM, which promotes the acquisition of a more mesenchymal phenotype, enhancing migration and invasion, but not proliferation. ERKs hyperactivation, likely induced by FGFR1, is responsible for this pro-invasive effect detected in C3G silenced cells. Other RTKs (Receptor Tyrosine Kinases) are also dysregulated and could also contribute to C3G effects. However, it remains undetermined whether Rap1 is a mediator of C3G actions in GBM. Various Rap1 isoforms can promote proliferation and invasion in GBM cells, while C3G inhibits migration/invasion. Therefore, other RapGEFs could play a major role regulating Rap1 activity in these tumours. Based on the information available, C3G could represent a new biomarker for GBM diagnosis, prognosis, and personalised treatment of patients in combination with other GBM molecular markers. The quantification of C3G levels in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the cerebrospinal liquid and/or circulating fluids might be a useful tool to improve GBM patient treatment and survival.
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3
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Zhao Z, Li GZ, Liu YQ, Huang RY, Wang KY, Jiang HY, Li RP, Chai RC, Zhang CB, Wu F. Characterization and prognostic significance of alternative splicing events in lower-grade diffuse gliomas. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13171-13180. [PMID: 33006444 PMCID: PMC7701518 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is assumed to play important roles in the progression and prognosis of cancer. Currently, the comprehensive analysis and clinical relevance of AS in lower-grade diffuse gliomas have not been systematically addressed. Here, we gathered alternative splicing data of lower-grade diffuse gliomas from SpliceSeq. Based on the Percent Spliced In (PSI) values of 515 lower-grade diffuse glioma patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we performed subtype-differential AS analysis and consensus clustering to determine robust clusters of patients. A total of 48 050 AS events in 10 787 genes in lower-grade diffuse gliomas were profiled. Subtype-differential splicing analysis and functional annotation revealed that spliced genes were significantly enriched in numerous cancer-related biological phenotypes and signalling pathways. Consensus clustering using AS events identified three robust clusters of patients with distinguished pathological and prognostic features. Moreover, each cluster was also associated with distinct genomic alterations. Finally, we developed and validated an AS-related signature with Cox proportional hazards model. The signature, significantly associated with clinical and molecular features, could serve as an independent prognostic factor for lower-grade diffuse gliomas. Thus, our results indicated that AS events could discriminate molecular subtypes and have prognostic impact in lower-grade diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Huang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan-Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Peng Li
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Chao Chai
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Bao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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4
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Wisniewski L, French V, Lockwood N, Valdivia LE, Frankel P. P130Cas/bcar1 mediates zebrafish caudal vein plexus angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15589. [PMID: 32973180 PMCID: PMC7518251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P130CAS/BCAR1 belongs to the CAS family of adaptor proteins, with important regulatory roles in cell migration, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Previously, we and others showed that P130CAS mediates VEGF-A and PDGF signalling in vitro, but its cardiovascular function in vivo remains relatively unexplored. We characterise here a novel deletion model of P130CAS in zebrafish. Using in vivo microscopy and transgenic vascular reporters, we observed that while bcar1−/− zebrafish showed no arterial angiogenic or heart defects during development, they strikingly failed to form the caudal vein plexus (CVP). Endothelial cells (ECs) within the CVP of bcar1−/− embryos produced fewer filopodial structures and did not detach efficiently from neighbouring cells, resulting in a significant reduction in ventral extension and overall CVP area. Mechanistically, we show that P130Cas mediates Bmp2b-induced ectopic angiogenic sprouting of ECs in the developing embryo and provide pharmacological evidence for a role of Src family kinases in CVP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wisniewski
- Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK. .,Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Vanessa French
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Nicola Lockwood
- Division of Medicine, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul Frankel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
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5
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Identifying conserved molecular targets required for cell migration of glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:152. [PMID: 32102991 PMCID: PMC7044427 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor and is associated with extensive tumor cell infiltration into the adjacent brain parenchyma. However, there are limited targeted therapies that address this disease hallmark. While the invasive capacity of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their non-CSC progeny has been investigated, the mode(s) of migration used by CSCs during invasion is currently unknown. Here we used time-lapse microscopy to evaluate the migratory behavior of CSCs, with a focus on identifying key regulators of migration. A head-to-head migration assay demonstrated that CSCs are more invasive than non-CSCs. Time-lapse live cell imaging further revealed that GBM patient-derived CSC models either migrate in a collective manner or in a single cell fashion. To uncover conserved molecular regulators responsible for collective cell invasion, we utilized the genetically tractable Drosophila border cell collective migration model. Candidates for functional studies were generated using results from a targeted Drosophila genetic screen followed by gene expression analysis of the human homologs in GBM tumors and associated GBM patient prognosis. This strategy identified the highly conserved small GTPase, Rap1a, as a potential regulator of cell invasion. Alteration of Rap1a activity impaired the forward progress of Drosophila border cells during development. Rap1a expression was elevated in GBM and associated with higher tumor grade. Functionally, the levels of activated Rap1a impacted CSC migration speed out of spheres onto extracellular matrix. The data presented here demonstrate that CSCs are more invasive than non-CSCs, are capable of both collective and single cell migration, and express conserved genes that are required for migration and invasion. Using this integrated approach, we identified a new role for Rap1a in the migration of GBM CSCs.
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6
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Hsu YL, Yen MC, Chang WA, Tsai PH, Pan YC, Liao SH, Kuo PL. CXCL17-derived CD11b +Gr-1 + myeloid-derived suppressor cells contribute to lung metastasis of breast cancer through platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:23. [PMID: 30755260 PMCID: PMC6373011 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is the major cause of death from breast cancer. Colonization and adaption of metastatic cells in distant organs is a rate-limiting step of the cancer spreading. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the colonization of breast cancer to lung metastatic niches are not fully understood. Methods Specific gene contributions to lung metastasis were identified by comparing gene profiles of 4T1 tumors metastasizing to various organs via microarray. The oncogenic properties CXCL17 were examined by in vivo spontaneous metastasis mouse model. The chemotactic activity of CXCL17 on CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was examined by both in vitro and in vivo models. The therapeutic effects of MDSC depletion and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) inhibition were examined by orthotic models. Results Here, we demonstrate that breast cancer cells secrete CXCL17, which increases the accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs in the lungs. Metastatic lung-infiltrating CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs induce angiogenesis in the lungs and facilitate cancer extravasation and survival that ultimately promote lung metastases. CXCL17 increases CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSCs to express PDGF-BB, which not only contributes to CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC-mediated angiogenesis in the lung metastatic niche, but is also involved in the colonization of breast cancer. Consequently, both CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC depletion and PDGF receptor inhibitor effectively prevents CXCL17-driven lung metastasis in breast cancer. More importantly, patients with high levels of CXCL17 have shorter distant metastasis-free and overall survival rates, indicators of poor prognosis. Conclusion Our study reveals that MDSCs derived by CXCL17 contribute to the establishment of a lung metastatic niche by PDGF-BB secretion and provide a rationale for development of CXCL17 or PDGF-BB antagonists to inhibit or prevent lung metastasis in cases of breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1114-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
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7
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Abstract
Ras-associated protein-1 (Rap1), a small GTPase in the Ras-related protein family, is an important regulator of basic cellular functions (e.g., formation and control of cell adhesions and junctions), cellular migration, and polarization. Through its interaction with other proteins, Rap1 plays many roles during cell invasion and metastasis in different cancers. The basic function of Rap1 is straightforward; it acts as a switch during cellular signaling transduction and regulated by its binding to either guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or guanosine diphosphate (GDP). However, its remarkably diverse function is rendered by its interplay with a large number of distinct Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factors and Rap GTPase activating proteins. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which Rap1 signaling can regulate cell invasion and metastasis, focusing on its roles in integrin and cadherin regulation, Rho GTPase control, and matrix metalloproteinase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ken Cheng
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Brian Z Ring
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
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8
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Evans IM, Kennedy SA, Paliashvili K, Santra T, Yamaji M, Lovering RC, Britton G, Frankel P, Kolch W, Zachary IC. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Promotes Assembly of the p130Cas Interactome to Drive Endothelial Chemotactic Signaling and Angiogenesis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:168-180. [PMID: 28007913 PMCID: PMC5294206 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
p130Cas is a polyvalent adapter protein essential for cardiovascular development, and with a key role in cell movement. In order to identify the pathways by which p130Cas exerts its biological functions in endothelial cells we mapped the p130Cas interactome and its dynamic changes in response to VEGF using high-resolution mass spectrometry and reconstruction of protein interaction (PPI) networks with the aid of multiple PPI databases. VEGF enriched the p130Cas interactome in proteins involved in actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell movement, including actin-binding proteins, small GTPases and regulators or binders of GTPases. Detailed studies showed that p130Cas association of the GTPase-binding scaffold protein, IQGAP1, plays a key role in VEGF chemotactic signaling, endothelial polarization, VEGF-induced cell migration, and endothelial tube formation. These findings indicate a cardinal role for assembly of the p130Cas interactome in mediating the cell migratory response to VEGF in angiogenesis, and provide a basis for further studies of p130Cas in cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Evans
- From the ‡Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine The Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Kennedy
- §Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ketevan Paliashvili
- From the ‡Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine The Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tapesh Santra
- §Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maiko Yamaji
- From the ‡Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine The Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- **Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, The Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Britton
- From the ‡Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine The Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Frankel
- From the ‡Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine The Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Walter Kolch
- §Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,¶Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,‖School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ian C Zachary
- From the ‡Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine The Rayne Building, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom;
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9
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Imatinib and Nilotinib increase glioblastoma cell invasion via Abl-independent stimulation of p130Cas and FAK signalling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27378. [PMID: 27293031 PMCID: PMC4904410 DOI: 10.1038/srep27378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib was the first targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor to be approved for clinical use, and remains first-line therapy for Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+)-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia. We show that treatment of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumour cells with imatinib and the closely-related drug, nilotinib, strikingly increases tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the downstream adaptor protein paxillin (PXN), resulting in enhanced cell migration and invasion. Imatinib and nilotinib-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was dependent on expression of p130Cas and FAK activity and was independent of known imatinib targets including Abl, platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) and the collagen receptor DDR1. Imatinib and nilotinib treatment increased two dimensional cell migration and three dimensional radial spheroid invasion in collagen. In addition, silencing of p130Cas and inhibition of FAK activity both strongly reduced imatinib and nilotinib stimulated invasion. Importantly, imatinib and nilotinib increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas, FAK, PXN and radial spheroid invasion in stem cell lines isolated from human glioma biopsies. These findings identify a novel mechanism of action in GBM cells for two well established front line therapies for cancer resulting in enhanced tumour cell motility.
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10
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A truncated phosphorylated p130Cas substrate domain is sufficient to drive breast cancer growth and metastasis formation in vivo. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10665-73. [PMID: 26867768 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated p130Cas (Crk-associated substrate) levels are found in aggressive breast tumors and are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapeutics in patients. p130Cas signals majorly through its phosphorylated substrate domain (SD) that contains 15 tyrosine motifs (YxxP) which recruit effector molecules. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas is important for mediating migration, invasion, tumor promotion, and metastasis. We previously developed a Src*/SD fusion molecule approach, where the SD is constitutively phosphorylated. In a polyoma middle T-antigen (PyMT)/Src*/SD double-transgenic mouse model, Src*/SD accelerates PyMT-induced tumor growth and promotes a more aggressive phenotype. To test whether Src*/SD also drives metastasis and which of the YxxP motifs are involved in this process, full-length and truncated SD molecules fused to Src* were expressed in breast cancer cells. The functionality of the Src*/SD fragments was analyzed in vitro, and the active proteins were tested in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model. Breast cancer cells expressing the full-length SD and the functional smaller SD fragment (spanning SD motifs 6-10) were injected into the mammary fat pads of mice. The tumor progression was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and caliper measurements. Compared with control animals, the complete SD promoted primary tumor growth and an earlier onset of metastases. Importantly, both the complete and truncated SD significantly increased the occurrence of metastases to multiple organs. These studies provide strong evidence that the phosphorylated p130Cas SD motifs 6-10 (Y236, Y249, Y267, Y287, and Y306) are important for driving mammary carcinoma progression.
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11
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Farooqi AA, Siddik ZH. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling in cancer: rapidly emerging signalling landscape. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:257-65. [PMID: 26153649 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated signalling has emerged as one of the most extensively and deeply studied biological mechanism reported to be involved in regulation of growth and survival of different cell types. However, overwhelmingly increasing scientific evidence is also emphasizing on dysregulation of spatio-temporally controlled PDGF-induced signalling as a basis for cancer development. We partition this multi-component review into recently developing understanding of dysregulation PDGF signalling in different cancers, how PDGF receptors are quantitatively controlled by microRNAs. Moreover, we also summarize most recent advancements in therapeutic targeting of PDGFR as evidenced by preclinical studies. Better understanding of the PDGF-induced intracellular signalling in different cancers will be helpful in catalysing the transition from a segmented view of cancer biology to a conceptual continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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12
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Camacho Leal MDP, Sciortino M, Tornillo G, Colombo S, Defilippi P, Cabodi S. p130Cas/BCAR1 scaffold protein in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis. Gene 2015; 562:1-7. [PMID: 25727852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BCAR1 (also known as p130Cas/BCAR1) is an adaptor protein that belongs to the CAS family of scaffold proteins. In the past years, increasing evidence has demonstrated the ability of p130Cas/BCAR1 to activate signaling originating from mechanical stimuli, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and growth factor stimulation cascades during normal development and disease in various biological models. In this review we will specifically discuss the more recent data on the contribution of p130Cas/BCAR1 in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and its potential implications in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Sciortino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shana Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy.
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