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Gao S, Hao JW, Zhao YN, Li X, Wang T, Han ZF, Sun BL, Sun JY, Liu GY. An updated analysis of the association between CD2-associated protein gene rs9349407 polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease in Chinese population. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:1006164. [DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1006164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSince 2011, three large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have confirmed that the CD2AP rs9349407 polymorphism is significantly connected with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in individuals of European descent. Subsequently, this association has been replicated in European populations, but is unclear whether it can be replicated in Chinese. Recently, the correlation between rs9349407 and AD in the Chinese population has become a research hotspot.ObjectiveTo explore the association between rs9349407 polymorphism and AD in the Chinese population.Materials and methodsFirstly, based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria, we selected 11 independent studies from 8 articles exploring the correlation between rs9349407 variation and AD in Chinese. Secondly, we conducted a meta-analysis based on fixed and random effect models and conducted a heterogeneity test. Thirdly, we used the additive model, dominant model, and recessive model for subgroup analysis.ResultsWe demonstrated that the CD2AP rs9349407 polymorphism increases AD susceptibility in Chinese populations (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.08–1.64, P = 7.45E-03), which is consistent with the effect observed in Caucasian populations. Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that rs9349407 under the additive model (GG + CC vs. GC, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.97, P = 2.04E-02) and dominant model (GG + GC vs. CC, OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.32–0.74, P = 8.51E-04) were also significantly correlated with AD susceptibility, but not under the recessive model (GG vs. GC + CC, OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.58–1.03, P = 7.44E-02).ConclusionThese existing data suggest that rs9349307 is significantly correlated with the susceptibility to AD in the Chinese population, but future studies with large samples are needed to confirm our findings.
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Guo Z, Yang CT, Chien CC, Selth LA, Bagnaninchi PO, Thierry B. Optical Cellular Micromotion: A New Paradigm to Measure Tumor Cells Invasion within Gels Mimicking the 3D Tumor Environments. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200471. [PMID: 35764869 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring tumor cell invasiveness through 3D tissues, particularly at the single-cell level, can provide important mechanistic understanding and assist in identifying therapeutic targets of tumor invasion. However, current experimental approaches, including standard in vitro invasion assays, have limited physiological relevance and offer insufficient insight into the vast heterogeneity in tumor cell migration through tissues. To address these issues, here the concept of optical cellular micromotion is reported on, where digital holographic microscopy is used to map the optical nano- to submicrometer thickness fluctuations within single-cells. These fluctuations are driven by the dynamic movement of subcellular structures including the cytoskeleton and inherently associated with the biological processes involved in cell invasion within tissues. It is experimentally demonstrated that the optical cellular micromotion correlates with tumor cells motility and invasiveness both at the population and single-cell levels. In addition, the optical cellular micromotion significantly reduced upon treatment with migrastatic drugs that inhibit tumor cell invasion. These results demonstrate that micromotion measurements can rapidly and non-invasively determine the invasive behavior of single tumor cells within tissues, yielding a new and powerful tool to assess the efficacy of approaches targeting tumor cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Guo
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Chih-Tsung Yang
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Chia-Chi Chien
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Pierre O Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
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Jin Y, Yu J, Jiang Y, Bu J, Zhu T, Gu X, Zhu X. Comprehensive analysis of the expression, prognostic significance, and function of FAM83 family members in breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:172. [PMID: 35650627 PMCID: PMC9158143 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FAM83 family plays a key role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of the FAM83 family in the development of breast tumors is unclear to date. This report explores the expression, prognostic significance, and function of the FAM83 family members in breast cancer using public databases. METHODS UALCAN database was used to explore the expression of FAM83 family members in breast cancer. Furthermore, we validated the expression of FAM83 family members in twenty pairs of breast cancer and normal tissues by RT-PCR. Kaplan-Meier plotter database was used to explore the prognostic significance of FAM83 family members in breast cancer. GeneMANIA and DAVID databases were used for functional and pathway enrichment analysis of genes co-expressed with FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G. MEXPRESS and UALCAN databases were used to analyze the level of DNA promoter methylation of FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G in breast cancer. TIMER database was utilized to explore the relationships between immune cell infiltration and FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G expression. RESULTS Among FAM83 family members, FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G were higher expressed in breast cancer than in normal tissues. We also validated the significant high expression of FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G mRNA in breast cancer than in normal samples. Their increased expression has an adverse prognostic effect on breast cancer patients. These genes co-expressed with FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G might take part in cell proliferation, G2/M transition of the mitotic cell cycle, regulation of apoptosis process and other cancer-related biological processes. In addition, they were mainly enriched in the Hippo signaling pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and other cancer-related pathways. We also found that promoter DNA methylation might regulate the expression of FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G mRNA in most CpG islands. At last, we found the expression of FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G mRNA was significantly related to immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS FAM83A, FAM83D, FAM83F, and FAM83G were highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and had an adverse effect on the survival outcomes of breast cancer patients. Also, they were involved in breast cancer-related signal pathways. Therefore, they might serve as potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Bu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China.
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4
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FAM83B is involved in thyroid cancer cell differentiation and migration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8608. [PMID: 35597845 PMCID: PMC9124208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM83B has been recently identified as an oncogene, but its role in thyroid cancers (TC) is still unclear. We examined the expression of FAM83B and its possible involvement in cell migration and differentiation, in neoplastic/normal thyroid tissues and in TC human cell lines. FAM83B expression in TC varies according to the tumor histotype, being significantly downregulated in more aggressive and metastatic tissues. FAM83B levels in cell lines recapitulate patients’ samples variations, and its total and cytoplasmic levels decrease upon the induction of migration, together with an increase in its nuclear localization. Similar variations were detected in the primary tumor and in the metastatic tissues from a follicular TC. FAM83B knock down experiments confirmed its role in thyroid differentiation and cell migration, as demonstrated by the reduction of markers of thyroid differentiation and the increase of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Moreover, the silencing of FAM83B significantly increased cells migration abilities, while not affecting the oncogenic RAS/MAPK/PI3K pathways. Our data indicate for the first time a role for FAM83B in TC cell differentiation and migration. Its expression is reduced in dedifferentiated tumors and its nuclear re-localization could favour distant migration, suggesting that FAM83B should be considered a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Tian X, Bunda P, Ishibe S. Podocyte Endocytosis in Regulating the Glomerular Filtration Barrier. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:801837. [PMID: 35223901 PMCID: PMC8866310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.801837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis is a mechanism that internalizes and recycles plasma membrane components and transmembrane receptors via vesicle formation, which is mediated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent signaling pathways. Podocytes are specialized, terminally differentiated epithelial cells in the kidney, located on the outermost layer of the glomerulus. These cells play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier in conjunction with the adjacent basement membrane and endothelial cell layers within the glomerulus. An intact podocyte endocytic machinery appears to be necessary for maintaining podocyte function. De novo pathologic human genetic mutations and loss-of-function studies of critical podocyte endocytosis genes in genetically engineered mouse models suggest that this pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of development and progression of proteinuria in chronic kidney disease. Here, we review the mechanism of cellular endocytosis and its regulation in podocyte injury in the context of glomerular diseases. A thorough understanding of podocyte endocytosis may shed novel insights into its biological function in maintaining a functioning filter and offer potential targeted therapeutic strategies for proteinuric glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Min D, Byun J, Lee EJ, Khan AA, Liu C, Loudig O, Hu W, Zhao Y, Herlyn M, Tycko B, Cole PA, Ryu B. Epigenetic Silencing of BMP6 by the SIN3A-HDAC1/2 Repressor Complex Drives Melanoma Metastasis via FAM83G/PAWS1. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:217-230. [PMID: 34610961 PMCID: PMC9744461 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic transcriptional regulation is linked to metastasis, a primary cause of cancer-related death. Dissecting the epigenetic mechanisms controlling metastatic progression may uncover important insights to tumor biology and potential therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the role of the SIN3A histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (SIN3A-HDAC1/2) complex in cancer metastasis. Using a mouse model of melanoma metastasis, we found that the SIN3A-HDAC1/2 transcription repressor complex silences BMP6 expression, causing increased metastatic dissemination and tumor growth via suppression of BMP6-activated SMAD5 signaling. We further discovered that FAM83G/PAWS1, a downstream effector of BMP6-SMAD5 signaling, contributes critically to metastatic progression by promoting actin-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration. Pharmacologic inhibition of the SIN3A-HDAC1/2 complex reduced the numbers of melanoma cells in the circulation and inhibited metastatic tumor growth by inducing disseminated cell dormancy, highlighting the SIN3A-HDAC1/2 repressor complex as a potential therapeutic target for blocking cancer metastasis. IMPLICATIONS: This study identifies the novel molecular links in the metastatic progression to target cytoskeletal dynamics in melanoma and identifies the SIN3A-HDAC1/2 complex and FAM83G/PAWS1 as potential targets for melanoma adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkook Min
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Eun-Joon Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Abdul A Khan
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Christina Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Oliver Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA,John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA,John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program. Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA,John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Phillip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Byungwoo Ryu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA,John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
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Lin S, Du J, Hao J, Luo X, Wu H, Zhang H, Zhao X, Xu L, Wang B. Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers Among FAM83 Family Genes in Human Ovarian Cancer Through Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Verification. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8611-8627. [PMID: 34815715 PMCID: PMC8604648 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s328851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Family with sequence similarity 83 (FAM83) is a newly discovered oncogene family, and the members of which can affect the prognosis of patients with malignant tumors via various mechanisms. However, the functions and molecular mechanisms of FAM83 genes in ovarian cancer (OC) have not yet been investigated. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of FAM83 genes in OC. Materials and Methods We used a series of bioinformatics databases (Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Kaplan–Meier plotter, DAVID and TIMER) to investigate the expression status, prognostic value, genetic alteration and biological function of all eight FAM83 genes in OC. In addition, a tissue microarray cohort (TMA) comprising 99 ovarian tumor tissues and 19 normal ovarian tissues was used to validate the protein expression and clinicopathological significance of FAM83H. Results Several datasets demonstrated the mRNA levels of FAM83A/D/E/F/H were significantly higher in OC compared with that in normal tissue. Moreover, the upregulation of FAM83D/H has been mutually confirmed in the Oncomine and GEPIA datasets. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that the FAM83D/H upregulation could predict poor prognosis of OC patients who had shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, cBioportal analysis indicated that the genetic alterations of FAM83 genes might affect the survival outcomes of patients with OC. Furthermore, KEGG analysis suggested that FAM83D/H are involved in the progression of OC through the cell cycle signaling pathway, and they had significant co-expression relationship with cell cycle-related genes. Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the high expression of FAM83H protein in OC tissue, suggesting that its expression is positively correlated with the FIGO stage and pathological subtype of OC. Conclusion This study elucidated the expression status and prognostic value of FAM83 genes in OC and identified that FAM83D/H might be potential targets for the prognostic monitoring and targeted therapy of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochong Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Ovarian Malignant Tumor, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Du
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Lida Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - BaoJin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Ovarian Malignant Tumor, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
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Yu X, Zheng Q, Zhang Q, Zhang S, He Y, Guo W. MCM3AP-AS1: An Indispensable Cancer-Related LncRNA. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752718. [PMID: 34692706 PMCID: PMC8529123 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules with transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that have no protein-coding ability. MCM3AP-AS1, a novel lncRNA, is aberrantly expressed in human cancers. It is significantly associated with many clinical characteristics, such as tumor size, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and pathological grade. Additionally, it considerably promotes or suppresses tumor progression by controlling the biological functions of cells. MCM3AP-AS1 is a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and treatment. In this review, we briefly summarized the published studies on the expression, biological function, and regulatory mechanisms of MCM3AP-AS1. We also discussed the clinical applications of MCM3AP-AS1 as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu W, Wang S, Lin B, Zhang W, Ji G. Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in the research of malignant musculoskeletal tumors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:149. [PMID: 33546657 PMCID: PMC7866880 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system, especially osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, pose a major threat to the lives and health of adolescents and children. Current treatments for musculoskeletal tumors mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The problems of chemotherapy resistance, poor long-term outcome of radiotherapy, and the inherent toxicity and side effects of chemical drugs make it extremely urgent to seek new treatment strategies. Main text As a potent gene editing tool, the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in recent years has prompted scientists to apply it to the study of musculoskeletal tumors. This review summarizes the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the treatment of malignant musculoskeletal tumors, focusing on its essential role in the field of basic research. Conclusion CRISPR, has demonstrated strong efficacy in targeting tumor-related genes, and its future application in the clinical treatment of musculoskeletal tumors is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Binhui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guangrong Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 East Xiang'an Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Tachie-Menson T, Gázquez-Gutiérrez A, Fulcher LJ, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Sapkota GP. Characterisation of the biochemical and cellular roles of native and pathogenic amelogenesis imperfecta mutants of FAM83H. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109632. [PMID: 32289446 PMCID: PMC7284315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The majority of mutations identified in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta have been mapped to FAM83H. As FAM83H expression is not limited to the enamel, how FAM83H contributes to amelogenesis is still largely unknown. We previously reported that members of the FAM83 family of proteins interact with and regulate the subcellular distribution of the promiscuous serine-threonine protein kinase CK1 family, through their shared N-terminal DUF1669 domains. FAM83H co-localises with CK1 isoforms to speckle-like structures in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In this report, we show FAM83H, unlike other FAM83 proteins, interacts and colocalises with NCK1/2 tyrosine kinase adaptor proteins. This interaction is mediated by proline-rich motifs within the C-terminus of FAM83H, specifically interacting with the second and third SH3 domains of NCK1/2. Moreover, FAM83H pathogenic AI mutant proteins, which trigger C-terminal truncations of FAM83H, retain their interactions with CK1 isoforms but lose interaction with NCK1/2. These AI mutant FAM83H proteins acquire a nuclear localisation, and recruit CK1 isoforms to the nucleus where CK1 retains its kinase activity. As understanding the constituents of the FAM83H-localised speckles may hold the key to unravelling potential substrates of FAM83H-associated CK1 substrates, we employed a TurboID-based proximity labelling approach and uncovered several proteins including Iporin and BAG3 as potential constituents of the speckles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Gázquez-Gutiérrez
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; University of Seville, Av. Sanchez Pizjuan, s/n, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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11
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Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019. [PMID: 31656861 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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12
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Tao QQ, Chen YC, Wu ZY. The role of CD2AP in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:901-907. [PMID: 31440393 PMCID: PMC6675523 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by irreversible decline in cognition with unclear pathogenesis. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that CD2 associated protein (CD2AP), a scaffolding molecule regulates signal transduction and cytoskeletal molecules, is implicated in AD pathogenesis. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD2AP gene are associated with higher risk for AD and mRNA levels of CD2AP are decreased in peripheral lymphocytes of sporadic AD patients. Furthermore, CD2AP loss of function is linked to enhanced Aβ production, Tau-induced neurotoxicity, abnormal neurite structure modulation and reduced blood-brain barrier integrity. This review is to summarize the recent discoveries about the genetics and known functions of CD2AP. The recent evidence concerning the roles of CD2AP in the AD pathogenesis is summarized and CD2AP can be a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Tao
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Tossidou I, Teng B, Worthmann K, Müller-Deile J, Jobst-Schwan T, Kardinal C, Schroder P, Bolanos-Palmieri P, Haller H, Willerding J, Drost DM, de Jonge L, Reubold T, Eschenburg S, Johnson RI, Schiffer M. Tyrosine Phosphorylation of CD2AP Affects Stability of the Slit Diaphragm Complex. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1220-1237. [PMID: 31235616 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018080860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), a slit diaphragm-associated scaffolding protein involved in survival and regulation of the cytoskeleton in podocytes, is considered a "stabilizer" of the slit diaphragm complex that connects the slit diaphragm protein nephrin to the cytoskeleton of the cell. Tyrosine phosphorylation of slit diaphragm molecules can influence their surface expression, but it is unknown whether tyrosine phosphorylation events of CD2AP are also physiologically relevant to slit diaphragm stability. METHODS We used isoelectric focusing, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence to investigate phosphorylation of CD2AP, and phospho-CD2AP antibodies and site-directed mutagenesis to define the specific phosphorylated tyrosine residues. We used cross-species rescue experiments in Cd2apKD zebrafish and in Drosophila cindrRNAi mutants to define the physiologic relevance of CD2AP phosphorylation of the tyrosine residues. RESULTS We found that VEGF-A stimulation can induce a tyrosine phosphorylation response in CD2AP in podocytes, and that these phosphorylation events have an important effect on slit diaphragm protein localization and functionality in vivo. We demonstrated that tyrosine in position Y10 of the SH3-1 domain of CD2AP is indispensable for CD2AP function in vivo. We found that the binding affinity of nephrin to CD2AP is significantly enhanced in the absence of Y10; however, unexpectedly, this increased affinity leads not to stabilization but to functional impairment of the glomerular filtration barrier. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into CD2AP and its phosphorylation in the context of slit diaphragm functionality, and indicate a fine-tuned affinity balance of CD2AP and nephrin that is influenced by receptor tyrosine kinase stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Tossidou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Beina Teng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Janina Müller-Deile
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Schroder
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; and
| | - Patricia Bolanos-Palmieri
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine.,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; and
| | - Jonas Willerding
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dana M Drost
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Laura de Jonge
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Thomas Reubold
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Eschenburg
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth I Johnson
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, .,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine; and
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14
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Van Acker ZP, Bretou M, Annaert W. Endo-lysosomal dysregulations and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: impact of genetic risk factors. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31159836 PMCID: PMC6547588 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that cellular dysregulations in the degradative routes contribute to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Autophagy and endolysosomal homeostasis need to be maintained throughout life as they are major cellular mechanisms involved in both the production of toxic amyloid peptides and the clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins. As such, alterations in endolysosomal and autophagic flux, as a measure of degradation activity in these routes or compartments, may directly impact as well on disease-related mechanisms such as amyloid-β clearance through the blood-brain-barrier and the interneuronal spreading of amyloid-β and/or Tau seeds, affecting synaptic function, plasticity and metabolism. The emerging of several genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease that are functionally related to endocytic transport regulation, including cholesterol metabolism and clearance, supports the notion that in particular the autophagy/lysosomal flux might become more vulnerable during ageing thereby contributing to disease onset. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of the risk genes APOE4, BIN1, CD2AP, PICALM, PLD3 and TREM2 and their impact on endolysosomal (dys)regulations in the light of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Zippel S, Raic A, Lee-Thedieck C. Migration Assay for Leukemic Cells in a 3D Matrix Toward a Chemoattractant. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2017:97-107. [PMID: 31197771 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9574-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In leukemia, leukemic cells hijack the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) microenvironment in the bone marrow-the so-called stem cell niche-by flooding the niche with clonal progeny of leukemic cells. They can exploit signaling pathways which are critical for HSC development to support their own survival, homing, and maintenance. These interactions of leukemic cells with the microenvironment have an impact on therapy progress and patient outcome. Therefore, signals for homing and anchorage of leukemic cells to the bone marrow have to be investigated by using tools that allow the migration of cells toward critical signals. Here, we describe an in vitro migration assay for leukemic cells toward a chemoattractant in a 3D environment exemplified by migration of the cell line OCI-AML3 to a CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) gradient. For this purpose, a chemotaxis slide is filled with a hydrogel system mimicking the extracellular matrix in vivo. The cells are encapsulated into the hydrogel network during polymerization, and a CXCL12 gradient is introduced in the enclosed chambers to trigger migration. Cell migration in the 3D network of the hydrogel is monitored by time-lapse microscopy. We describe the experimental setup and the tools for cell tracking and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Zippel
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annamarija Raic
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lee-Thedieck
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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16
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Wu KZL, Jones RA, Tachie-Menson T, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Soares RF, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. Pathogenic FAM83G palmoplantar keratoderma mutations inhibit the PAWS1:CK1α association and attenuate Wnt signalling. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:133. [PMID: 31656861 PMCID: PMC6798324 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15403.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two recessive mutations in the FAM83G gene, causing A34E and R52P amino acid substitutions in the DUF1669 domain of the PAWS1 protein, are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) in humans and dogs respectively. We have previously reported that PAWS1 associates with the Ser/Thr protein kinase CK1α through the DUF1669 domain to mediate canonical Wnt signalling. Methods: Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate possible changes to PAWS1 interactors caused by the mutations. We also compared the stability of wild-type and mutant PAWS1 in cycloheximide-treated cells. Effects on Wnt signalling were determined using the TOPflash luciferase reporter assay in U2OS cells expressing PAWS1 mutant proteins. The ability of PAWS1 to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos was also tested. Finally, we knocked-in the A34E mutation at the native gene locus and measured Wnt-induced AXIN2 gene expression by RT-qPCR. Results: We show that these PAWS1 A34E and PAWS1 R52P mutants fail to interact with CK1α but, like the wild-type protein, do interact with CD2AP and SMAD1. Like cells carrying a PAWS1 F296A mutation, which also abolishes CK1α binding, cells carrying the A34E and R52P mutants respond poorly to Wnt signalling to an extent resembling that observed in FAM83G gene knockout cells. Consistent with this observation, these mutants, in contrast to the wild-type protein, fail to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. We also found that the A34E and R52P mutant proteins are less abundant than the native protein and appear to be less stable, both when overexpressed in FAM83G-knockout cells and when knocked-in at the native FAM83G locus. Ala 34 of PAWS1 is conserved in all FAM83 proteins and mutating the equivalent residue in FAM83H (A31E) also abolishes interaction with CK1 isoforms. Conclusions: We propose that mutations in PAWS1 cause PPK pathogenesis through disruption of the CK1α interaction and attenuation of Wnt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Renata F Soares
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council, Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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17
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Erzhi Formula Extracts Reverse Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats by Protecting the Renal Podocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1741924. [PMID: 30210570 PMCID: PMC6126112 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1741924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes injury was a crucial factor resulting in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Erzhi formula extract (EZF) was a clinical effective Chinese medicine on DN, but its mechanism was unclear. In this study, the main compounds of EZF and their pharmacokinetics in rat were detected by HPLC-MS/MS. And then, blood glucose, urine protein, renal index, renal microstructural (HE/PAS staining), inflammatory factors (IL-β, TNF-α, IL-6), and protein/mRNA expression related to the function of podocyte (CD2AP and Podocin) in DN rats were investigated after the oral administration of EZF. The concentrations of specnuezhenide and wedelolactone in rat kidney were 7.19 and 0.057 mg/kg, respectively. The Tmax of specnuezhenide and wedelolactone were 2.0 and 1.50 h, respectively. Their Cmax were, respectively, 30.24 ± 2.68 and 6.39 ± 0.05 μg/L. Their AUC(0-∞) were 123.30 ± 2.68 and 16.56 ± 0.98 μg/L⁎h, respectively. Compared with the model group, the blood glucose and the 24-hour urinary protein were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after 16 weeks' treatment of EZF. The expressions of Podocin and CD2AP protein/mRNA were increased (P < 0. 05). The deteriorate of glomerular morphology was alleviated under the treatment of EZF. EZF prominently decreased the levels of inflammatory factors (P < 0.05). MDA was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with the significant increase of SOD activity (P < 0.05) in EZF groups. All the results proved that EZF repaired glomerular mesangial matrix, protected renal tubule, and improved renal function in DN rats by upregulating the expression of Podocin and CD2AP protein/mRNA in podocytes.
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18
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Balmer P, Fellay AK, Sayar BS, Hariton WVJ, Wiener DJ, Galichet A, Müller EJ, Roosje PJ. FAM83G/Fam83g genetic variants affect canine and murine hair formation. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:350-354. [PMID: 29963719 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
FAM83G/Fam83g genetic variants have been described in dogs, mice and recently also in humans. They are associated with palmoplantar keratoderma and altered hair or coat phenotype, reported as wooly phenotype in mice. FAM83G/Fam83g is an unexplored effector of temporally and spatially coordinated Wnt and BMP signalling which are key pathways in pre- and postnatal hair follicle morphogenesis and differentiation. The aim of this study was to unravel phenotypic consequences of FAM83G/Fam83g variants on hair coat formation in dogs and mice. Our results show differences in hair types and hair shaft structures in both species. Additionally, mice exhibit deregulated hair cycle progression which timely correlates with defective Wnt signalling (Axin2) and Bmp2/4 expression. These results affirm the involvement of FAM83G in hair morphogenesis, hair follicle differentiation and cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Balmer
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Auxanne K Fellay
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beyza S Sayar
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - William V J Hariton
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Galichet
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Clinic for Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Molecular Dermatology and Stem Cell Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Clinic for Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra J Roosje
- Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Dermfocus, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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The FAM83 family of proteins: from pseudo-PLDs to anchors for CK1 isoforms. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:761-771. [PMID: 29871876 PMCID: PMC6008594 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The eight members of the FAM83 (FAMily with sequence similarity 83) family of poorly characterised proteins are only present in vertebrates and are defined by the presence of the conserved DUF1669 domain of unknown function at their N-termini. The DUF1669 domain consists of a conserved phospholipase D (PLD)-like catalytic motif. However, the FAM83 proteins display no PLD catalytic (PLDc) activity, and the pseudo-PLDc motif present in each FAM83 member lacks the crucial elements of the native PLDc motif. In the absence of catalytic activity, it is likely that the DUF1669 domain has evolved to espouse novel function(s) in biology. Recent studies have indicated that the DUF1669 domain mediates the interaction with different isoforms of the CK1 (casein kinase 1) family of Ser/Thr protein kinases. In turn, different FAM83 proteins, which exhibit unique amino acid sequences outside the DUF1669 domain, deliver CK1 isoforms to unique subcellular compartments. One of the first protein kinases to be discovered, the CK1 isoforms are thought to be constitutively active and are known to control a plethora of biological processes. Yet, their regulation of kinase activity, substrate selectivity and subcellular localisation has remained a mystery. The emerging evidence now supports a central role for the DUF1669 domain, and the FAM83 proteins, in the regulation of CK1 biology.
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20
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Fulcher LJ, Bozatzi P, Tachie-Menson T, Wu KZL, Cummins TD, Bufton JC, Pinkas DM, Dunbar K, Shrestha S, Wood NT, Weidlich S, Macartney TJ, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Campbell DG, Dingwell KS, Smith JC, Bullock AN, Sapkota GP. The DUF1669 domain of FAM83 family proteins anchor casein kinase 1 isoforms. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaao2341. [PMID: 29789297 PMCID: PMC6025793 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family of serine-threonine protein kinases are implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes, including the cell cycle, circadian rhythms, and Wnt and Hedgehog signaling. Because these kinases exhibit constitutive activity in biochemical assays, it is likely that their activity in cells is controlled by subcellular localization, interactions with inhibitory proteins, targeted degradation, or combinations of these mechanisms. We identified members of the FAM83 family of proteins as partners of CK1 in cells. All eight members of the FAM83 family (FAM83A to FAM83H) interacted with the α and α-like isoforms of CK1; FAM83A, FAM83B, FAM83E, and FAM83H also interacted with the δ and ε isoforms of CK1. We detected no interaction between any FAM83 member and the related CK1γ1, CK1γ2, and CK1γ3 isoforms. Each FAM83 protein exhibited a distinct pattern of subcellular distribution and colocalized with the CK1 isoform(s) to which it bound. The interaction of FAM83 proteins with CK1 isoforms was mediated by the conserved domain of unknown function 1669 (DUF1669) that characterizes the FAM83 family. Mutations in FAM83 proteins that prevented them from binding to CK1 interfered with the proper subcellular localization and cellular functions of both the FAM83 proteins and their CK1 binding partners. On the basis of its function, we propose that DUF1669 be renamed the polypeptide anchor of CK1 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Fulcher
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Polyxeni Bozatzi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Theresa Tachie-Menson
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin Z L Wu
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Timothy D Cummins
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Joshua C Bufton
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel M Pinkas
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen Dunbar
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sabin Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Simone Weidlich
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Campbell
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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21
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Bozatzi P, Dingwell KS, Wu KZ, Cooper F, Cummins TD, Hutchinson LD, Vogt J, Wood NT, Macartney TJ, Varghese J, Gourlay R, Campbell DG, Smith JC, Sapkota GP. PAWS1 controls Wnt signalling through association with casein kinase 1α. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e44807. [PMID: 29514862 PMCID: PMC5891436 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The BMP and Wnt signalling pathways determine axis specification during embryonic development. Our previous work has shown that PAWS1 (also known as FAM83G) interacts with SMAD1 and modulates BMP signalling. Here, surprisingly, we show that overexpression of PAWS1 in Xenopus embryos activates Wnt signalling and causes complete axis duplication. Consistent with these observations in Xenopus, Wnt signalling is diminished in U2OS osteosarcoma cells lacking PAWS1, while BMP signalling is unaffected. We show that PAWS1 interacts and co-localises with the α isoform of casein kinase 1 (CK1), and that PAWS1 mutations incapable of binding CK1 fail both to activate Wnt signalling and to elicit axis duplication in Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Bozatzi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Kevin Zl Wu
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Timothy D Cummins
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Luke D Hutchinson
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Janis Vogt
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicola T Wood
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Joby Varghese
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - Robert Gourlay
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | - David G Campbell
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Dundee, UK
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First person – Timothy Cummins. J Cell Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Timothy Cummins is the first author on ‘PAWS1 controls cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration through association with the SH3 adaptor CD2AP’, published in Journal of Cell Science. Timothy is an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Louisville School of Medicine Clinical Proteomics Center, which focuses on identifying biomarkers of kidney diseases by using quantitative mass spectroscopy.
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