1
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Arab M, Chen T, Lowe M. Mechanisms governing vesicle traffic at the Golgi apparatus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102365. [PMID: 38705050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Vesicle transport at the Golgi apparatus is a well-described process, and the major protein components involved have been identified. This includes the coat proteins that function in cargo sorting and vesicle formation, and the proteins that mediate the downstream events of vesicle tethering and membrane fusion. However, despite this knowledge, there remain significant gaps in our mechanistic understanding of these processes which includes how they are coordinated in space and time. In this review we discuss recent advances that have provided new insights into the mechanisms of Golgi trafficking, focussing on vesicle formation and cargo sorting, and vesicle tethering and fusion. These studies point to a high degree of spatial organisation of trafficking components at the Golgi and indicate an inherent plasticity of trafficking. Going forward, further advancements in technology and more sophisticated functional assays are expected to yield greater understanding of the mechanisms that govern Golgi trafficking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Arab
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tong Chen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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2
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Montgomery AC, Mendoza CS, Garbouchian A, Quinones GB, Bentley M. Polarized transport requires AP-1-mediated recruitment of KIF13A and KIF13B at the trans-Golgi. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar61. [PMID: 38446634 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-10-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are polarized cells that require accurate membrane trafficking to maintain distinct protein complements at dendritic and axonal membranes. The Kinesin-3 family members KIF13A and KIF13B are thought to mediate dendrite-selective transport, but the mechanism by which they are recruited to polarized vesicles and the differences in the specific trafficking role of each KIF13 have not been defined. We performed live-cell imaging in cultured hippocampal neurons and found that KIF13A is a dedicated dendrite-selective kinesin. KIF13B confers two different transport modes, dendrite- and axon-selective transport. Both KIF13s are maintained at the trans-Golgi network by interactions with the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex AP-1. Interference with KIF13 binding to AP-1 resulted in disruptions to both dendrite- and axon-selective trafficking. We propose that AP-1 is the molecular link between the sorting of polarized cargoes into vesicles and the recruitment of kinesins that confer polarized transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Montgomery
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Christina S Mendoza
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Alex Garbouchian
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Geraldine B Quinones
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Marvin Bentley
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
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3
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Tojima T, Suda Y, Jin N, Kurokawa K, Nakano A. Spatiotemporal dissection of the Golgi apparatus and the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment in budding yeast. eLife 2024; 13:e92900. [PMID: 38501165 PMCID: PMC10950332 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cargo traffic through the Golgi apparatus is mediated by cisternal maturation, but it remains largely unclear how the cis-cisternae, the earliest Golgi sub-compartment, is generated and how the Golgi matures into the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, we use high-speed and high-resolution confocal microscopy to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of a diverse set of proteins that reside in and around the Golgi in budding yeast. We find many mobile punctate structures that harbor yeast counterparts of mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) proteins, which we term 'yeast ERGIC'. It occasionally exhibits approach and contact behavior toward the ER exit sites and gradually matures into the cis-Golgi. Upon treatment with the Golgi-disrupting agent brefeldin A, the ERGIC proteins form larger aggregates corresponding to the Golgi entry core compartment in plants, while cis- and medial-Golgi proteins are absorbed into the ER. We further analyze the dynamics of several late Golgi proteins to better understand the Golgi-TGN transition. Together with our previous studies, we demonstrate a detailed spatiotemporal profile of the entire cisternal maturation process from the ERGIC to the Golgi and further to the TGN.
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Grants
- KAKENHI 19K06669 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 19H04764 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 22K06213 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- CREST JPMJCR21E3 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- KAKENHI 17H06420 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 18H05275 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- KAKENHI 23H00382 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Tojima
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Natsuko Jin
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced PhotonicsWakoJapan
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4
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Lujan P, Garcia-Cabau C, Wakana Y, Vera Lillo J, Rodilla-Ramírez C, Sugiura H, Malhotra V, Salvatella X, Garcia-Parajo MF, Campelo F. Sorting of secretory proteins at the trans-Golgi network by human TGN46. eLife 2024; 12:RP91708. [PMID: 38466628 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins are sorted at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) for export into specific transport carriers. However, the molecular players involved in this fundamental process remain largely elusive. Here, we identified the human transmembrane protein TGN46 as a receptor for the export of secretory cargo protein PAUF in CARTS - a class of protein kinase D-dependent TGN-to-plasma membrane carriers. We show that TGN46 is necessary for cargo sorting and loading into nascent carriers at the TGN. By combining quantitative fluorescence microscopy and mutagenesis approaches, we further discovered that the lumenal domain of TGN46 encodes for its cargo sorting function. In summary, our results define a cellular function of TGN46 in sorting secretory proteins for export from the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Garcia-Cabau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuichi Wakana
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Javier Vera Lillo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodilla-Ramírez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hideaki Sugiura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Shirai R, Yamauchi J. Emerging Evidence of Golgi Stress Signaling for Neuropathies. Neurol Int 2024; 16:334-348. [PMID: 38525704 PMCID: PMC10961782 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is an intracellular organelle that modifies cargo, which is transported extracellularly through the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane in order. First, the general function of the Golgi is reviewed and, then, Golgi stress signaling is discussed. In addition to the six main Golgi signaling pathways, two pathways that have been increasingly reported in recent years are described in this review. The focus then shifts to neurological disorders, examining Golgi stress reported in major neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The review also encompasses findings related to other diseases, including hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, frontotemporal spectrum disorder/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, microcephaly, Wilson's disease, and prion disease. Most of these neurological disorders cause Golgi fragmentation and Golgi stress. As a result, strong signals may act to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.18.537395. [PMID: 37131599 PMCID: PMC10153169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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7
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Chen Y, He J, Jin T, Zhang Y, Ou Y. Functional enrichment analysis of LYSET and identification of related hub gene signatures as novel biomarkers to predict prognosis and immune infiltration status of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16905-16929. [PMID: 37740762 PMCID: PMC10645642 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The latest research shows that the lysosomal enzyme trafficking factor (LYSET) encoded by TMEM251 is a key regulator of the amino acid metabolism reprogramming (AAMR) and related pathways significantly correlate with the progression of some tumors. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential pathways of the TMEM251 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and establish related predictive models based on the hub genes in these pathways for prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). METHODS We obtained mRNA expression data and clinical information of ccRCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), E-MATE-1980, and immunotherapy cohorts. Single-cell sequencing data (GSE152938) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We explored biological pathways of the LYSET by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of TMEM251-coexpression genes. The correlation of LYSET-related pathways with the prognosis was conducted by Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and unsupervised cluster analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression were used to identify hub prognostic genes and construct the risk score. Immune infiltration analysis was conducted by CIBERSORTx and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases. The predictive value of the risk score and hub prognostic genes on immunotherapy responsiveness was analyzed through the tumor mutation burden (TMB) score, immune checkpoint expression, and survival analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was finally used to verify the expressions of hub prognostic genes. RESULTS The TMEM251 was found to be significantly correlated with some AAMR pathways. AAGAB, ENTR1, SCYL2, and WDR72 in LYSET-related pathways were finally identified to construct a risk score model. Immune infiltration analysis showed that LYSET-related gene signatures significantly influenced the infiltration of some vital immune cells such as CD4 + cells, NK cells, M2 macrophages, and so on. In addition, the constructed risk score was found to be positively correlated with TMB and some common immune checkpoint expressions. Different predictive values of these signatures for Nivolumab therapy responsiveness were also uncovered in immunotherapy cohorts. Finally, based on single-cell sequencing analysis, the TMEM251 and the hub gene signatures were found to be expressed in tumor cells and some immune cells. Interestingly, IHC verification showed a potential dual role of four hub genes in ccRCC progression. CONCLUSION The novel predictive biomarkers we built may benefit clinical decision-making for ccRCC. Our study may provide some evidence that LYSET-related gene signatures could be novel potential targets for treating ccRCC and improving immunotherapy efficacy. Our nomogram might be beneficial to clinical choices, but the results need more experimental verifications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhang He
- First Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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8
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Campelo F, Tian M, von Blume J. Rediscovering the intricacies of secretory granule biogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102231. [PMID: 37657367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulated secretion, an essential cellular process, relies on secretory granules (SGs) for the controlled release of a diverse range of cargo molecules, including proteins, peptides, hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters. SG biogenesis encompasses cargo selection, sorting, packaging, and trafficking, with the trans-Golgi Network (TGN) playing a central role. Research in the last three decades has revealed significant components required for SG biogenesis; however, no cargo receptor transferring granule cargo from the TGN to immature SGs (ISGs) has yet been identified. Consequently, recent research has devoted significant attention to studying receptor-independent cargo sorting mechanisms, shedding new light on the complexities of regulated secretion. Understanding the underlying molecular and biophysical mechanisms behind cargo sorting into ISGs holds great promise for advancing our knowledge of cellular communication and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Parchure A, von Blume J. Sorting secretory proteins. eLife 2023; 12:e93490. [PMID: 37997893 PMCID: PMC10672786 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A receptor protein called TGN46 has an important role in sorting secretory proteins into vesicles going to different destinations inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Parchure
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
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10
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Ben Ahmed A, Lemaire Q, Scache J, Mariller C, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. O-GlcNAc Dynamics: The Sweet Side of Protein Trafficking Regulation in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1396. [PMID: 37408229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of proteins between the different cellular compartments and the cell surface is governed by the secretory pathway. Alternatively, unconventional secretion pathways have been described in mammalian cells, especially through multivesicular bodies and exosomes. These highly sophisticated biological processes rely on a wide variety of signaling and regulatory proteins that act sequentially and in a well-orchestrated manner to ensure the proper delivery of cargoes to their final destination. By modifying numerous proteins involved in the regulation of vesicular trafficking, post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in the tight regulation of cargo transport in response to extracellular stimuli such as nutrient availability and stress. Among the PTMs, O-GlcNAcylation is the reversible addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by a single couple of enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) which catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc onto proteins, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) which hydrolyses it. Here, we review the current knowledge on the emerging role of O-GlcNAc modification in the regulation of protein trafficking in mammalian cells, in classical and unconventional secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef Ben Ahmed
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jodie Scache
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Mariller
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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11
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA. Prospects of Using Protein Engineering for Selective Drug Delivery into a Specific Compartment of Target Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030987. [PMID: 36986848 PMCID: PMC10055131 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of proteins are successfully used to treat various diseases. These include natural polypeptide hormones, their synthetic analogues, antibodies, antibody mimetics, enzymes, and other drugs based on them. Many of them are demanded in clinical settings and commercially successful, mainly for cancer treatment. The targets for most of the aforementioned drugs are located at the cell surface. Meanwhile, the vast majority of therapeutic targets, which are usually regulatory macromolecules, are located inside the cell. Traditional low molecular weight drugs freely penetrate all cells, causing side effects in non-target cells. In addition, it is often difficult to elaborate a small molecule that can specifically affect protein interactions. Modern technologies make it possible to obtain proteins capable of interacting with almost any target. However, proteins, like other macromolecules, cannot, as a rule, freely penetrate into the desired cellular compartment. Recent studies allow us to design multifunctional proteins that solve these problems. This review considers the scope of application of such artificial constructs for the targeted delivery of both protein-based and traditional low molecular weight drugs, the obstacles met on the way of their transport to the specified intracellular compartment of the target cells after their systemic bloodstream administration, and the means to overcome those difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Enrich C, Lu A, Tebar F, Rentero C, Grewal T. Ca 2+ and Annexins - Emerging Players for Sensing and Transferring Cholesterol and Phosphoinositides via Membrane Contact Sites. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:393-438. [PMID: 36988890 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining lipid composition diversity in membranes from different organelles is critical for numerous cellular processes. However, many lipids are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and require delivery to other organelles. In this scenario, formation of membrane contact sites (MCS) between neighbouring organelles has emerged as a novel non-vesicular lipid transport mechanism. Dissecting the molecular composition of MCS identified phosphoinositides (PIs), cholesterol, scaffolding/tethering proteins as well as Ca2+ and Ca2+-binding proteins contributing to MCS functioning. Compelling evidence now exists for the shuttling of PIs and cholesterol across MCS, affecting their concentrations in distinct membrane domains and diverse roles in membrane trafficking. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the plasma membrane (PM) not only controls endo-/exocytic membrane dynamics but is also critical in autophagy. Cholesterol is highly concentrated at the PM and enriched in recycling endosomes and Golgi membranes. MCS-mediated cholesterol transfer is intensely researched, identifying MCS dysfunction or altered MCS partnerships to correlate with de-regulated cellular cholesterol homeostasis and pathologies. Annexins, a conserved family of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, contribute to tethering and untethering events at MCS. In this chapter, we will discuss how Ca2+ homeostasis and annexins in the endocytic compartment affect the sensing and transfer of cholesterol and PIs across MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel⋅lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parchure A, Tian M, Stalder D, Boyer CK, Bearrows SC, Rohli KE, Zhang J, Rivera-Molina F, Ramazanov BR, Mahata SK, Wang Y, Stephens SB, Gershlick DC, von Blume J. Liquid-liquid phase separation facilitates the biogenesis of secretory storage granules. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202206132. [PMID: 36173346 PMCID: PMC9526250 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is synthesized by pancreatic β-cells and stored into secretory granules (SGs). SGs fuse with the plasma membrane in response to a stimulus and deliver insulin to the bloodstream. The mechanism of how proinsulin and its processing enzymes are sorted and targeted from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to SGs remains mysterious. No cargo receptor for proinsulin has been identified. Here, we show that chromogranin (CG) proteins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) at a mildly acidic pH in the lumen of the TGN, and recruit clients like proinsulin to the condensates. Client selectivity is sequence-independent but based on the concentration of the client molecules in the TGN. We propose that the TGN provides the milieu for converting CGs into a "cargo sponge" leading to partitioning of client molecules, thus facilitating receptor-independent client sorting. These findings provide a new receptor-independent sorting model in β-cells and many other cell types and therefore represent an innovation in the field of membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Parchure
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Danièle Stalder
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cierra K. Boyer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Shelby C. Bearrows
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kristen E. Rohli
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Bulat R. Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Samuel B. Stephens
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David C. Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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14
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Ford C, Burd CG. GOPC facilitates the sorting of syndecan-1 in polarized epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar86. [PMID: 35830596 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network must coordinate sorting and secretion of proteins and lipids to intracellular organelles and the plasma membrane. During polarization of epithelial cells, changes in the lipidome and the expression and distribution of proteins contribute to the formation of apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains. Previous studies using HeLa cells show that the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain confers sorting within sphingomyelin-rich vesicles in a sphingomyelin secretion pathway. In polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we reveal differences in the sorting of syndecan-1, whereupon the correct trafficking of the protein is not dependent on its transmembrane domain and changes in sphingomyelin content of cells during polarization. Instead, we reveal that correct basolateral targeting of syndecan-1 requires a full-length PDZ motif in syndecan-1 and the PDZ domain golgin protein GOPC. Moreover, we reveal changes in Golgi morphology elicited by GOPC overexpression. These results suggest that the role of GOPC in sorting syndecan-1 is indirect and likely due to GOPC effects on Golgi organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ford
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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