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Romanov AV, Shakhparonov VV, Gerasimov KB, Korzun LP. Occipital-synarcual joint mobility in ratfishes (Chimaeridae) and its possible adaptive role. J Morphol 2024; 285:e21740. [PMID: 38858850 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The neurocranial elevation generated by axial muscles is widespread among aquatic gnathostomes. The mechanism has two functions: first, it contributes to the orientation of the mouth gape, and second, it is involved in suction feeding. To provide such mobility, anatomical specialization of the anterior part of the vertebral column has evolved in many fish species. In modern chimaeras, the anterior part of the vertebral column develops into the synarcual. Possible biological roles of the occipital-synarcual joint have not been discussed before. Dissections of the head of two species of ratfishes (Chimaera monstrosa and Chimaera phantasma) confirmed the heterocoely of the articulation surface between the synarcual and the neurocranium, indicating the possibility of movements in the sagittal and frontal planes. Muscles capable of controlling the movements of the neurocranium were described. The m. epaxialis is capable of elevating the head, the m. coracomandibularis is capable of lowering it if the mandible is anchored by the adductor. Lateral flexion is performed by the m. lateroventralis, for which this function was proposed for the first time. The first description of the m. epaxialis profundus is given, its function is to be elucidated in the future. Manipulations with joint preparations revealed a pronounced amplitude of movement in the sagittal and frontal planes. Since chimaeras generate weak decrease in pressure in the oropharyngeal cavity when sucking in prey, we hypothesised the primary effect of neurocranial elevation, in addition to the evident lateral head mobility, is accurate prey targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Romanov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Shakhparonov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kyrill B Gerasimov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid P Korzun
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Manafzadeh AR, Gatesy SM, Bhullar BAS. Articular surface interactions distinguish dinosaurian locomotor joint poses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:854. [PMID: 38365765 PMCID: PMC10873393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44832-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of vertebrate functional evolution depends on inferences about joint function in extinct taxa. Without rigorous criteria for evaluating joint articulation, however, such analyses risk misleading reconstructions of vertebrate animal motion. Here we propose an approach for synthesizing raycast-based measurements of 3-D articular overlap, symmetry, and congruence into a quantitative "articulation score" for any non-interpenetrating six-degree-of-freedom joint configuration. We apply our methodology to bicondylar hindlimb joints of two extant dinosaurs (guineafowl, emu) and, through comparison with in vivo kinematics, find that locomotor joint poses consistently have high articulation scores. We then exploit this relationship to constrain reconstruction of a pedal walking stride cycle for the extinct dinosaur Deinonychus antirrhopus, demonstrating the utility of our approach. As joint articulation is investigated in more living animals, the framework we establish here can be expanded to accommodate additional joints and clades, facilitating improved understanding of vertebrate animal motion and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita R Manafzadeh
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Stephen M Gatesy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Bhart-Anjan S Bhullar
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Young MW, Wilken AT, Manafzadeh AR, Schurr AF, Bastian A, Dickinson E, Granatosky MC. The dual function of prokinesis in the feeding and locomotor systems of parrots. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246659. [PMID: 37942661 PMCID: PMC10730085 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Prokinesis, a mode of avian cranial kinesis involving motion between the neurocranium and upper beak, has long been investigated in biomechanical analyses of avian feeding and drinking. However, the modern avian beak is also used for non-feeding functions. Here, we investigate the dual function of prokinesis in the feeding and locomotor systems of the rosy-faced lovebird (Agapornis roseicollis). Lovebirds and other parrots utilize their beak both during feeding and as a third limb during vertical climbing. Thus, we experimentally measured both force-generating potential and movement of the rosy-faced lovebird mandible and maxilla (via prokinetic flexion of the craniofacial hinge) during tripedal climbing and mandibular/maxillary adduction. We found that whereas the maxilla is primarily responsible for generating force during locomotion, the mandible is primarily responsible for generating force during forceful jaw adduction, hinting at a remarkable capacity to alter prokinetic function with differing neuromuscular control. The ability of the prokinetic apparatus to perform functions with competing optimality criteria via modulation of motor control illustrates the functional plasticity of the avian cranial kinesis and sheds new light on the adaptive significance of cranial mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody W. Young
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Alec T. Wilken
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Armita R. Manafzadeh
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alissa F. Schurr
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Aaron Bastian
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Edwin Dickinson
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Michael C. Granatosky
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
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Lee ECS, Young NM, Rainbow MJ. A comparative approach for characterizing the relationship among morphology, range-of-motion and locomotor behaviour in the primate shoulder. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231446. [PMID: 37848066 PMCID: PMC10581761 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Shoulder shape directly impacts forelimb function by contributing to glenohumeral (GH) range-of-motion (ROM). However, identifying traits that contribute most to ROM and visualizing how they do so remains challenging, ultimately limiting our ability to reconstruct function and behaviour in fossil species. To address these limitations, we developed an in silico proximity-driven model to simulate and visualize three-dimensional (3D) GH rotations in living primate species with diverse locomotor profiles, identify those shapes that are most predictive of ROM using geometric morphometrics, and apply subsequent insights to interpret function and behaviour in the fossil hominin Australopithecus sediba. We found that ROM metrics that incorporated 3D rotations best discriminated locomotor groups, and the magnitude of ROM (mobility) was decoupled from the anatomical location of ROM (e.g. high abduction versus low abduction). Morphological traits that enhanced mobility were decoupled from those that enabled overhead positions, and all non-human apes possessed the latter but not necessarily the former. Model simulation in A. sediba predicted high mobility and a ROM centred at lower abduction levels than in living apes but higher than in modern humans. Together these results identify novel form-to-function relationships in the shoulder and enhance visualization tools to reconstruct past function and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C. S. Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 2V9
| | - Nathan M. Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Michael J. Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 2V9
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Patek SN, Daley MA, Sane SP. A century of comparative biomechanics: emerging and historical perspectives on an interdisciplinary field. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245876. [PMID: 37086033 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S N Patek
- JEB Deputy Editor-in-Chief at Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Monica A Daley
- JEB Monitoring Editor at University of California, Irvine, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 1408 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697-2525, USA
| | - Sanjay P Sane
- JEB Monitoring Editor at National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
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