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An L, Li M, Jia Q. Mechanisms of radiotherapy resistance and radiosensitization strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:140. [PMID: 37598158 PMCID: PMC10439611 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with more than half of them occurred in China. Radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used for treating ESCC. However, radiation-induced DNA damage response (DDR) can promote the release of cytokines and chemokines, and triggers inflammatory reactions and changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby inhibiting the immune function and causing the invasion and metastasis of ESCC. Radioresistance is the major cause of disease progression and mortality in cancer, and it is associated with heterogeneity. Therefore, a better understanding of the radioresistance mechanisms may generate more reversal strategies to improve the cure rates and survival periods of ESCC patients. We mainly summarized the possible mechanisms of radioresistance in order to reveal new targets for ESCC therapy. Then we summarized and compared the current strategies to reverse radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Patra S, Patil S, Das S, Bhutia SK. Epigenetic dysregulation in autophagy signaling as a driver of viral manifested oral carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen D, Zhou XZ, Lee TH. Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 as a Promising Drug Target in Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:144-157. [PMID: 30569876 PMCID: PMC6751350 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666181218170257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) plays an important role in apopto-sis, tumor suppression and neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Objective: This review will describe the diverse roles of DAPK1 in the development of cancer and AD, and the current status of drug development targeting DAPK1-based therapies. Methods: Reports of DAPK1 regulation, function and substrates were analyzed using genetic DAPK1 manipulation and chemical DAPK1 modulators. Results: DAPK1 expression and activity are deregulated in cancer and AD. It is down-regulated and/or inactivated by multiple mechanisms in many human cancers, and elicits a protective effect to counteract numerous death stimuli in cancer, including activation of the master regulator Pin1. Moreover, loss of DAPK1 expression has correlated strongly with tumor recurrence and metastasis, suggesting that lack of sufficient functional DAPK1 might contribute to cancer. In contrast, DAPK1 is highly expressed in the brains of most human AD patients and has been identified as one of the genetic factors affecting suscepti-bility to late-onset AD. The absence of DAPK1 promotes efficient learning and better memory in mice and prevents the development of AD by acting on many key proteins including Pin1 and its downstream tar-gets tau and APP. Recent patents show that DAPK1 modulation might be used to treat both cancer and AD. Conclusion: DAPK1 plays a critical role in diverse physiological processes and importantly, its deregula-tion is implicated in the pathogenesis of either cancer or AD. Therefore, manipulating DAPK1 activity and/or expression may be a promising therapeutic option for cancer or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiao Z Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Tae H Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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Li S, Teng Y, Yuan MJ, Ma TT, Ma J, Gao XJ. A seven long-noncoding RNA signature predicts prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biomark Med 2019; 14:53-63. [PMID: 31729251 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study profiled differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to predict LSCC overall survival (OS) using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Materials & methods: The RNA-seq and clinical dataset of 475 LSCC patients was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and statistically analyzed. Results: There were 67 upregulated and 32 downregulated lncRNAs in LSCCs and 12 lncRNAs associated with OS. The seven-lncRNA signature was associated with poor OS and RP11-150O12.6 and CTA-384D8.35 were associated with better OS (p < 0.001). The seven lncRNAs-mRNA interaction network analysis showed their association with 187 protein-coding genes for cancer development, cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and the MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: This seven-lncRNA signature is useful to predict LSCC OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yue Teng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Min-Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xu-Jie Gao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin 300060, PR China
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Li Y, Huang HC, Chen LQ, Xu LY, Li EM, Zhang JJ. Predictive biomarkers for response of esophageal cancer to chemo(radio)therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:460-472. [PMID: 29113666 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer remains a major public health issue worldwide. In clinical practice, chemo(radio)therapy is an important approach to patients with esophageal cancer. Only the part of patients who respond to chemo(radio)therapy achieve better long-term outcome. In this case, predictive biomarkers for response of esophageal cancer patients treated with chemo(radio)therapy are of importance. Meta-analysis of P53 for predicting esophageal cancer response has been reported before and is not included in our study. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and evaluate the biomarkers for predicting response to chemo(radio)therapy. METHOD PubMed, Web of Science and the Ovid databases were searched to identify eligible studies published in English before March 2017. The risk ratio (or relative risk, RR) was retrieved in articles regarding biomarkers for predicting response of esophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy or chemo(radio)therapy. Fixed and random effects models were used to undertake the meta-analysis as appropriate. RESULT Forty-six articles reporting 56 biomarkers correlated with the response were finally included. Meta-analyses were carried out when there was more than one study related to the reported biomarker. Results indicated that low expression of (or IHC-negative) COX2, miR-200c, ERCC1 and TS was individually associated with prediction of response. The RR was 1.64 (n = 202, 95% CI 1.22-2.19, P < 0.001), 1.96 (n = 162, 95% CI 1.36-2.83, P < 0.001), 2.55 (n = 206, 95% CI 1.80-3.62, P < 0.001) and 1.69 (n = 144, 95% CI 1.10-2.61, P = 0.02), respectively. High expression of (or IHC-positive) CDC25B and p16 was individually related to prediction of response. The RR was 0.62 (n = 159, 95% CI 0.43-0.89, P = 0.01) and 0.62 (n = 142, 95% CI 0.43-0.91, P = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION Low expression of (or IHC-negative) COX2, miR-200c, ERCC1 and TS, or high expression of (or IHC-positive) CDC25B and p16 are potential biomarkers for predicting the response of esophageal cancer patients treated with chemo(radio)therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - He-Cheng Huang
- Department of Oncologic Radiotherapy, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Long-Qi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China; Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China.
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Li L, Guo L, Wang Q, Liu X, Zeng Y, Wen Q, Zhang S, Kwok HF, Lin Y, Liu J. DAPK1 as an independent prognostic marker in liver cancer. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3568. [PMID: 28740751 PMCID: PMC5520959 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) can act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene depending on the cellular context as well as external stimuli. Our study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of DAPK1 in liver cancer in both mRNA and protein levels. The mRNA expression of DAPK1 was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database in three independent liver cancer datasets while protein expression of DAPK1 was detected by immunohistochemistry in our Chinese liver cancer patient cohort. The associations between DAPK1 expression and clinical characteristics were tested. DAPK1 mRNA expression was down-regulated in liver cancer. Low levels of DAPK1 mRNA were associated with shorter survival in a liver cancer patient cohort (n = 115; p = 0.041), while negative staining of DAPK1 protein was significantly correlated with shorter time to progression (p = 0.002) and overall survival (p = 0.02). DAPK1 was an independent prognostic marker for both time to progression and overall survival by multivariate analysis. Liver cancer with the b-catenin mutation has a lower DAPK1 expression, suggesting that DAPK1 may be regulated under the b-catenin pathway. In addition, we also identified genes that are co-regulated with DAPK1. DAPK1 expression was positively correlated with IRF2, IL7R, PCOLCE and ZBTB16, and negatively correlated with SLC16A3 in both liver cancer datasets. Among these genes, PCOLCE and ZBTB16 were significantly down-regulated, while SLC16A3 was significantly upregulated in liver cancer. By using connectivity mapping of these co-regulated genes, we have identified amcinonide and sulpiride as potential small molecules that could potentially reverse DAPK1/PCOLCE/ZBTB16/SLC16A3 expression. Our study demonstrated for the first time that both DAPK1 mRNA and protein expression levels are important prognostic markers in liver cancer, and have identified genes that may contribute to DAPK1-mediated liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libin Guo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qingshui Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Wen
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yao Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Wang H, Ke H, Zheng Y, Lai J, Luo Q, Chen Q. A modified bisulfite conversion method for the detection of DNA methylation. Epigenomics 2017; 9:955-969. [PMID: 28548583 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our purpose is to improve the conventional procedures for bisulfite conversion used to detect 5-methylcytosine in DNA. METHODS Impacts of different bisulfite salts, bisulfite conversion temperature, antioxidants and denaturants on DNA conversion and degradation were assessed by methylation-sensitive melt curve analysis. The modified method was tested on different genes and the conversion efficiency was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS We developed a modified bisulfite conversion method that completes this process within 2 h. We demonstrate that high temperature denaturation is the major cause for DNA degradation, and the addition of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether is an effective way to accelerate the bisulfite conversion. The conversion efficiency is comparable to many other commercial kits. CONCLUSION Our modified bisulfite conversion method is simple, cost efficient and less time consuming and is compatible with different genes and samples, thus has a great potential for the future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 1 Keji Road, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Huican Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 1 Keji Road, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Yansong Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Junzhong Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 1 Keji Road, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Qianping Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 1 Keji Road, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, 1 Keji Road, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
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D'Souza W, Saranath D. Clinical implications of epigenetic regulation in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2015; 51:1061-8. [PMID: 26421863 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a high incidence cancer which is of major public health concern in India being the most common cancer in males and fifth most common cancer in females in India, contributing to 26% of the global oral cancer burden. The major risk factors of oral cancer are tobacco, alcohol and high risk Human Papilloma Virus type 16/18. However, only 3-12% of the high risk individuals with dysplasia develop oral cancer. Thus, individual genomic variants representing the genomic constitution and epigenetic alterations play a critical role in the development of oral cancer. Extensive epigenetic studies on the molecular lesions including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes associated with apoptosis, DNA damage repair have been reported. The current review highlights epigenetic regulation with a focus on molecular biomarkers and epidrug therapy in oral cancer. Epigenetic regulation by hypermethylation, histone modifications and specific microRNAs are often associated with early events and advanced stages in oral cancer, and thus indicate epidrug therapy for intervention. The presence of epigenetic marks in oral lesions, cancers and tumor associated mucosa emphasizes indications as biomarkers and epidrugs with therapeutic potential for better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Dhananjaya Saranath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai 400056, India.
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Takahashi T, Yamahsita S, Matsuda Y, Kishino T, Nakajima T, Kushima R, Kato K, Igaki H, Tachimori Y, Osugi H, Nagino M, Ushijima T. ZNF695 methylation predicts a response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to definitive chemoradiotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:453-63. [PMID: 25273507 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is one of the standard treatments for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with a response to dCRT have a better prognosis than those resistant to dCRT while survival benefits for patients with residual tumors are limited. Nevertheless, few molecular markers to predict the response to dCRT are currently available. Here, we aimed to establish a DNA methylation marker to predict the response to dCRT. METHODS A total of 104 patients were divided into screening (n = 43) and validation (n = 61) sets. A genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using an Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Methylation levels were measured by quantitative methylation-specific PCR and normalized by the fraction of cancer cells in a sample. RESULTS The genome-wide methylation analysis of seven responders and eight non-responders identified 18 genomic regions specifically (un)methylated in the responders. Among these, methylation of the promoter CpG island of ZNF695 was significantly associated with the response to dCRT in the screening set (P = 0.004), and a cutoff value was determined. In the validation set, the association was successfully validated (P = 0.021), and a high specificity (90 %) for the prediction of responders was obtained using the prefixed cutoff value. In addition, a multivariate analysis showed that ZNF695 methylation was an independent predictive factor for the response to dCRT (OR 7.55, 95 % CI 2.12-26.9, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION ZNF695 methylation was significantly associated with the response to dCRT and is a promising predictive marker for the response to dCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Takahashi
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Abstract
Imbalanced cell death is a common phenomenon in many human diseases, including cancer. DAPK's essential function is in promoting apoptosis. DAPK interacts with stress-induced receptors through its death domain to initiate an apoptosis cascade. In addition, DAPK phosphorylates multiple cytosolic substrates and can mediate transfer of signaling pathways to the effector caspases. A series of studies demonstrated that, depending on stimuli, DAPK expression is regulated on both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Silencing of DAPK due to hypermethylation of its promoter was reported in many types of cancer. STAT3 and p52-NFkB transcription factors have been shown to down-regulate DAPK expression. In contrast, p53, C/EBP-β and Smad transcription factors bind to their specific response elements within the DAPK promoter and induce its transcription. Post-transcriptionally, DAPK undergoes alternative splicing, which results in the production of two functionally different isoforms. Moreover, miRNA 103 and miRNA 107 recently were shown to inhibit DAPK in colorectal cancer. Here we summarize our recent knowledge about transcriptional regulation of DAPK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Benderska
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätstrasse 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Zhai J, Wang Y, Yang F, Hu J, Qi Q, Zhang Y. DRP-1, ezrin and E-cadherin expression and the association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:133-138. [PMID: 24959233 PMCID: PMC4063655 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family and E-cadherin play significant roles in the promotion of apoptosis and the suppression of cell adhesion and migration, and are involved in tumor metastasis. Ezrin, a cytoplasmic peripheral membrane protein, has been shown to interact with E-cadherin to participate in the metastasis of tumor cells. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of DRP-1 (a member of the DAPK family), ezrin and E-cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and to analyze their association with clinicopathological factors in order to explore their potential in ESCC diagnosis. The expression of these genes was studied in tissue microarrays using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry methods in 76 specimens of ESCC and their paracancerous normal squamous epithelium tissues. Expression was statistically analyzed with regard to clinicopathological factors using χ2 and non-parametric tests. The expression level of DRP-1 was significantly different between the ESCC and paracancerous tissues (P<0.05). The expression level was correlated with the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Abnormal E-cadherin expression was found to be associated with a high degree of cancer differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the expression of DRP-1 and E-cadherin (P<0.05). The expression of ezrin was found to be correlated with the depth of ESCC invasion, the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The high expression of ezrin has been previously shown to be correlated with the low or absent expression of E-cadherin. In conclusion, in ESCC, the expression levels of DRP-1, ezrin and E-cadherin were all reduced, and this reduction or absence of expression may have been attributed to ESCC tumorigenesis and progression. Simultaneous analyses of DRP-1, ezrin and E-cadherin expression levels would be useful to determine the malignancy and metastatic potential of ESCC, and these genes are consequently of potential use as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of early-stage ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Zhai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Yanchen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Fushen Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Jigang Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Qingbin Qi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
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Molinari C, Casadio V, Foca F, Zingaretti C, Giannini M, Avanzolini A, Lucci E, Saragoni L, Passardi A, Amadori D, Calistri D, Zoli W. Gene methylation in rectal cancer: predictive marker of response to chemoradiotherapy? J Cell Physiol 2014; 228:2343-9. [PMID: 23702823 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have focused on the link between CpG island methylator phenotypes and the development of colorectal cancer, few studies have dealt specifically with methylation profiling in rectal cancer and its role in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). We characterized methylation profiles in normal and neoplastic tissue samples from patients with rectal cancer and assessed the role of this molecular profile in predicting chemoradioactivity. We evaluated 74 pretreatment tumor samples and 16 apparently normal tissue biopsies from rectal cancer patients submitted to NCRT. The methylation profile of 24 different tumor suppressor genes was analyzed from FFPE samples by methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA). Methylation status was studied in relation to tissue type and clinical pathological parameters, in particular, pathological response evaluated by tumor regression grade (TRG). ESR1, CDH13, RARB, IGSF4, and APC genes showed high methylation levels in tumor samples (range 18.92-49.77) with respect to normal tissue. Methylation levels of the remaining genes were low and similar in both normal (range 1.91-14.56) and tumor tissue (range 1.84-11). Analysis of the association between methylation and response to therapy in tumor samples showed that only TIMP3 methylation status differed significantly within the four TRG classes (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Results from the present explorative study suggest that quantitative epigenetic classification of rectal cancer by MS-MLPA clearly distinguishes tumor tissue from apparently normal mucosa. Conversely, with the exception of TIMP3 gene, the methylation of selected genes does not seem to correlate with response to NCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Molinari
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
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Hong J, Li D, Wands J, Souza R, Cao W. Role of NADPH oxidase NOX5-S, NF-κB, and DNMT1 in acid-induced p16 hypermethylation in Barrett's cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C1069-79. [PMID: 24025864 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00080.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes via promoter hypermethylation may play an important role in the progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We have previously shown that acid-induced p16 gene promoter hypermethylation may depend on activation of NADPH oxidase NOX5-S in BAR-T cells and OE33 EA cells. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is known to participate in maintaining established patterns of DNA methylation in dividing cells and may play an important role in the development of cancer. Therefore, we examined whether DNMT1 is involved in acid-induced p16 gene promoter hypermethylation in BAR-T cells. We found that the acid significantly increased p16 gene promoter methylation, decreased p16 mRNA, and increased cell proliferation, effects that may depend on activation of DNMT1 in BAR-T cells. DNMT1 is overexpressed in EA cells FLO and OE33 and EA tissues. Acid treatment upregulated DNMT1 mRNA expression and increased DNMT1 promoter activity. Acid-induced increases in DNMT1 mRNA expression and promoter activity were significantly decreased by knockdown of NOX5-S and NF-κB1 p50. Conversely, overexpression of NOX5-S, p50, or p65 significantly increased DNMT1 promoter activity. Knockdown of NOX5-S significantly decreased the acid-induced increase in luciferase activity in cells transfected with pNFκB-Luc. An NF-κB binding element GGGGTATCCC was identified in the DNMT1 gene promoter. We conclude that the acid-induced increase in p16 gene promoter methylation, downregulation of p16 mRNA, and increase in cell proliferation may depend on activation of DNMT1 in BAR-T cells. Acid-induced DNMT1 expression may depend on sequential activation of NOX5-S and NF-κB1 p50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Tänzer M, Liebl M, Quante M. Molecular biomarkers in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:133-47. [PMID: 23791941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the esophagus, stomach and colon contribute to a major health burden worldwide and over 20% of all cancer deaths. Biomarkers that should indicate pathogenic process and are measureable in an objective manner for these tumors are rare and not established in the clinical setting. In general biomarkers can be very useful for cancer management as they can improve clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy. Biomarkers can be different types of molecular entities (such as DNA, RNA or proteins), which can be detected, in different tissues or body fluids. However, more important is the type of biomarker itself, which allows diagnostic, prognostic or predictive analyses for different clinical problems. This review aims to systematically summarize the recent findings of genetic and epigenetic markers for gastrointestinal tumors within the last decade. While many biomarkers seem to be very promising, especially if used as panels, further development is urgently needed to address practical considerations of biomarkers in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tänzer
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
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Epigenetic, genetic and environmental interactions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from northeast India. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60996. [PMID: 23596512 PMCID: PMC3626640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) develops as a result of complex epigenetic, genetic and environmental interactions. Epigenetic changes like, promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumour suppressor genes are frequent events in cancer, and certain habit-related carcinogens are thought to be capable of inducing aberrant methylation. However, the effects of environmental carcinogens depend upon the level of metabolism by carcinogen metabolizing enzymes. As such key interactions between habits related factors and carcinogen metabolizing gene polymorphisms towards modulating promoter methylation of genes are likely. However, this remains largely unexplored in ESCC. Here, we studied the interaction of various habits related factors and polymorphism of GSTM1/GSTT1 genes towards inducing promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumour suppressor genes. Methodology/Principal Findings The study included 112 ESCC cases and 130 age and gender matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to explore high order interactions. Tobacco chewing and smoking were the major individual risk factors of ESCC after adjusting for all potential confounding factors. With regards to methylation status, significantly higher methylation frequencies were observed in tobacco chewers than non chewers for all the four genes under study (p<0.01). In logistic regression analysis, betel quid chewing, alcohol consumption and null GSTT1 genotypes imparted maximum risk for ESCC without promoter hypermethylation. Whereas, tobacco chewing, smoking and GSTT1 null variants were the most important risk factors for ESCC with promoter hypermethylation. MDR analysis revealed two predictor models for ESCC with promoter hypermethylation (Tobacco chewing/Smoking/Betel quid chewing/GSTT1 null) and ESCC without promoter hypermethylation (Betel quid chewing/Alcohol/GSTT1) with TBA of 0.69 and 0.75 respectively and CVC of 10/10 in both models. Conclusion Our study identified a possible interaction between tobacco consumption and carcinogen metabolizing gene polymorphisms towards modulating promoter methylation of tumour suppressor genes in ESCC.
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Zhai J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Qi Q, Hu J, Wang Q. Reduced expression levels of the death-associated protein kinase and E-cadherin are correlated with the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:972-976. [PMID: 23408147 PMCID: PMC3570262 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of the death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) and E-cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their correlation with clinical and pathological factors. Immunohistochemistry [streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method], in situ hybridization, immunoblot assays and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of DAPK and E-cadherin in the carcinomas and the adjacent normal tissues of 76 cases of esophageal squamous carcinomas. The immunoblot assay indicated that the expression levels of DAPK and E-cadherin were decreased significantly in the ESCC tissue (P<0.05) when compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA levels of DAPK and E-cadherin were reduced. The abnormal expression of DAPK was highly correlated with the invasiveness and lymphatic metastasis of the cancer. The abnormal expression of E-cadherin was highly correlated with the differentiation and lymphatic metastasis of the cancer. The decreased expression levels of DAPK and E-cadherin correlated with the development of ESCC. The combined detection of DAPK and E-cadherin proteins may be correlated with the degree of malignancy and metastatic potency of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Zhai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
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How Kit A, Nielsen HM, Tost J. DNA methylation based biomarkers: practical considerations and applications. Biochimie 2012; 94:2314-37. [PMID: 22847185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A biomarker is a molecular target analyzed in a qualitative or quantitative manner to detect and diagnose the presence of a disease, to predict the outcome and the response to a specific treatment allowing personalized tailoring of patient management. Biomarkers can belong to different types of biochemical molecules such as proteins, DNA, RNA or lipids, whereby protein biomarkers have been the most extensively studied and used, notably in blood-based protein quantification tests or immunohistochemistry. The rise of interest in epigenetic mechanisms has allowed the identification of a new type of biomarker, DNA methylation, which is of great potential for many applications. This stable and heritable covalent modification mostly affects cytosines in the context of a CpG dinucleotide in humans. It can be detected and quantified by a number of technologies including genome-wide screening methods as well as locus- or gene-specific high-resolution analysis in different types of samples such as frozen tissues and FFPE samples, but also in body fluids such as urine, plasma, and serum obtained through non-invasive procedures. In some cases, DNA methylation based biomarkers have proven to be more specific and sensitive than commonly used protein biomarkers, which could clearly justify their use in clinics. However, very few of them are at the moment used in clinics and even less commercial tests are currently available. The objective of this review is to discuss the advantages of DNA methylation as a biomarker, the practical considerations for their development, and their use in disease detection, prediction of outcome or treatment response, through multiple examples mainly focusing on cancer, but also to evoke their potential for complex diseases and prenatal diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre How Kit
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Fondation Jean Dausset - CEPH, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010 Paris, France
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DNA methylation in thoracic neoplasms. Cancer Lett 2010; 301:7-16. [PMID: 21087818 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic neoplasms, which include lung cancers, esophageal carcinoma, and thymic epithelial tumors, are the leading causes of tumor-related death and a major health concern worldwide. The development of neoplasms is a multistep process involving both genetic and epigenetic alterations. A growing body of research provides evidence that aberrant DNA methylation, including DNA hypermethylation in promoter regions, global DNA hypomethylation and the overexpression of DNA methyltransferases, plays an important role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize published observations of methylation pattern disruptions in thoracic tumors, and discuss how these abnormalities contribute to the development of cancers. We review recent findings showing that suppressing the activity of the DNA methylating enzymes DNMTs can have potent anti-cancer effects, and discuss the possibility of developing novel therapies for thoracic tumors based on DNMT inhibition.
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Liu CY, Wu MC, Chen F, Ter-Minassian M, Asomaning K, Zhai R, Wang Z, Su L, Heist RS, Kulke MH, Lin X, Liu G, Christiani DC. A Large-scale genetic association study of esophageal adenocarcinoma risk. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1259-63. [PMID: 20453000 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) has been increasing rapidly, particularly among white males, over the past few decades in the USA. However, the etiology of EA and the striking male predominance is not fully explained by known risk factors. To identify susceptible genes for EA risk, we conducted a pathway-based candidate gene association study on 335 Caucasian EA cases and 319 Caucasian controls. A total of 1330 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from 354 genes were analyzed using an Illumina GoldenGate assay. The genotyped common SNPs include missense and exonic SNPs, SNPs within untranslated regions and 2 kb 5' of the gene, and tagSNPs for genes with little functional information available. Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders was used to assess the genetic effect of each SNP on EA risk. We also tested gene-gender interactions using the likelihood ratio tests. We found that the genetic variants in the apoptosis pathway were significantly associated with EA risk after correcting for multiple comparisons. SNPs of rs3127075 in Caspase-7 (CASP7) and rs4661636 in Caspase-9 (CASP9) genes that play a critical role in apoptosis were found to be associated with an increased risk of EA. A protective effect of SNP rs572483 in the progesterone receptor (PGR) gene was observed among women carrying the variant G allele [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.08-0.46] but was not observed among men (adjusted OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.95-2.00). In conclusion, this study suggests that the genetic variants of CASP7 and CASP9 in the apoptosis pathway may be important predictive markers for EA susceptibility and that PGR in the sex hormone signaling pathway may be associated with the gender differences in EA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Cell-free circulating DNA carries not only tumor-specific changes in its sequence but also distinctive epigenetic marks, namely DNA methylation, in certain GC-rich fragments. These fragments are usually located within the promoters and first exons of many genes, comprising CpG islands. Analysis of DNA methylation using cell-free circulating DNA can facilitate development of very accurate biomarkers for detection, diagnosis, prediction of response to therapy and prognosis of outcomes. Recent data suggest that benign and inflammatory diseases have very specific methylation patterns within cell-free circulating DNA, which are different from the pattern of a malignant tumor of the same organ. In addition, specific methylation patterns have been detected for cancers of different organs, so a differential diagnosis of site-specific cancer appears feasible. Currently, cancer-related applications dominate the field, although methylation-based biomarkers may also be possible for other diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Levenson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2010; 22:70-5. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328334b4d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu Y, Li K, Liu WJ, Wang JF, Fan QX. Significance of death-associated protein kinase expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:3218-3222. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i31.3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the significance of death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) derived from a high-incidence area in Henan Province.
METHODS: Fifty ESCC samples, 17 tumor-adjacent samples and 20 normal esophageal mucosa samples were used in the study. The expression of DAPK mRNA and protein was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The correlations of DAPK expression with clinicopathological features were analyzed.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in the relative contents of DAPK mRNA and protein among normal mucosa tissue, tumor-adjacent tissue and cancer tissue (χ2 = 14.655 and 7.998, respectively; both P < 0.05). The relative contents of DAPK mRNA and protein were significantly correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was also noted in the expression of DAPK mRNA and protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (γ = 0.743, P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION: The expression of DAPK mRNA and protein is downregulated in ESCC, suggesting that DAPK may be related to the oncogenesis of ESCC. Combined detection of the expression of DAPK mRNA and protein may be used for early diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC.
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Flatley JE, McNeir K, Balasubramani L, Tidy J, Stuart EL, Young TA, Powers HJ. Folate Status and Aberrant DNA Methylation Are Associated With HPV Infection and Cervical Pathogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2782-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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