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Kitagawa Y, Ishihara R, Ishikawa H, Ito Y, Oyama T, Oyama T, Kato K, Kato H, Kawakubo H, Kawachi H, Kuribayashi S, Kono K, Kojima T, Takeuchi H, Tsushima T, Toh Y, Nemoto K, Booka E, Makino T, Matsuda S, Matsubara H, Mano M, Minashi K, Miyazaki T, Muto M, Yamaji T, Yamatsuji T, Yoshida M. Esophageal cancer practice guidelines 2022 edited by the Japan esophageal society: part 1. Esophagus 2023:10.1007/s10388-023-00993-2. [PMID: 36933136 PMCID: PMC10024303 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-023-00993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Oyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oyama
- Department of Endoscopy, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiko Kuribayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsushima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Toh
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Eisuke Booka
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mano
- Department of Central Laboratory and Surgical Pathology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Minashi
- Clinical Trial Promotion Department, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamatsuji
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Ichikawa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Application of Approved Cisplatin Derivatives in Combination Therapy against Different Cancer Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082466. [PMID: 35458666 PMCID: PMC9031877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The problems with anticancer therapy are resistance and toxicity. From 3000 Cisplatin derivatives tested as antitumor agents, most of them have been rejected, due to toxicity. The aim of current study is the comparison of therapeutic combinations of the currently applied in clinical practice: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin, Lobaplatin, Heptaplatin, and Satraplatin. The literature data show that the strategies for the development of platinum anticancer agents and bypassing of resistance to Cisplatin derivatives and their toxicity are: combination therapy, Pt IV prodrugs, the targeted nanocarriers. The very important strategy for the improvement of the antitumor effect against different cancers is synergistic combination of Cisplatin derivatives with: (1) anticancer agents—Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Pemetrexed, Ifosfamide, Irinotecan, Topotecan, Etoposide, Amrubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Vinorelbine, Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Nab-Paclitaxel; (2) modulators of resistant mechanisms; (3) signaling protein inhibitors—Erlotinib; Bortezomib; Everolimus; (4) and immunotherapeutic drugs—Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Bevacizumab, Cemiplimab, Cetuximab, Durvalumab, Erlotinib, Imatinib, Necitumumab, Nimotuzumab, Nivolumab, Onartuzumab, Panitumumab, Pembrolizumab, Rilotumumab, Trastuzumab, Tremelimumab, and Sintilimab. An important approach for overcoming the drug resistance and reduction of toxicity of Cisplatin derivatives is the application of nanocarriers (polymers and liposomes), which provide improved targeted delivery, increased intracellular penetration, selective accumulation in tumor tissue, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The advantages of combination therapy are maximum removal of tumor cells in different phases; prevention of resistance; inhibition of the adaptation of tumor cells and their mutations; and reduction of toxicity.
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Jing C, Wang Z, Lou R, Wu J, Shi C, Chen D, Ma R, Liu S, Cao H, Feng J. Nedaplatin reduces multidrug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer by downregulating the expression of long non-coding RNA MVIH. J Cancer 2020; 11:559-569. [PMID: 31942179 PMCID: PMC6959054 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, drug resistance emergences after treatment. Long non-coding RNA microvascular invasion in hepatic cancer (MVIH) plays an important role in drug resistance in a variety of cancers. This study investigates the role of nedaplatin on multidrug resistance in NSCLC and its relationship with MVIH. Lung cancer A549 and H1650 cells were treated with cisplatin to obtain multidrug-resistant A549/DDP and H1650/ DDP cells. A549/DDP and H1650/ DDP cells were treated with nedaplatin, MVIH siRNA and siRNA NC. It was found that both MVIH siRNA and nedaplatin significantly reduce the mRNA expression of MVIH in A549/DDP and H1650/ DDP cells. MTT assay showed that the proliferation of MDR cells was significantly higher than that of other cells. Nedaplatin and MVIH siRNA significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 and H1650 cells. The results of colony formation assay were consistence with MTT results. Nedaplatin and MVIH siRNA significantly reduced colony formation in MDR cells. Flow cytometry showed that NDP and MVIH siRNA significantly decrease the proportion of cells in G0/G1 and increase the proportion of cells in S phase compared with untreated and MDR cells. The apoptotic rate of MDR cells was significantly lower than that of other cells, while the apoptosis rate of cells in NDP and MVIH siRNA group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups of cells. Wound healing assay and Transwell chamber experiments confirmed that both NDP and MVIH siRNA significantly reduced the migration and invasion abilities of MDR cells. The expression of E-cadherin in MDR cells was significantly lower than that in untreated cells, and the expression of N-cad, α-SMA and Vimentin significantly increased in the MDR cells. NPD and MVIH siRNA reverse the EMT process. In conclusion, LncRNA MVIH is upregulated in drug resistant NSCLC cells. Nedaplatin can reduce the expression of MVIH and reverse EMT process, thus reversing the drug resistance of cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Jing
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Lou
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Research Center for Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Qiu X, Li J, Zhou H, Zhang M, Jiang C, Shen Z, Zhu X, Li A, Che Y, Wu T, Wang Z. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with raltitrexed and nedaplatin regimen for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18732. [PMID: 31977864 PMCID: PMC7004679 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study reported here was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of raltitrexed and nedaplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with unresectable, locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Eligible patients were adults with newly diagnosed untreated, unresectable esophageal cancer in stages I to IV with lymph node metastases or cervical esophageal cancer. Patients received nedaplatin 25 mg/m per day on day 1-3, raltitrexed 3 mg/m on days 1 repeated every 21 days for 2 cycles, and combined concurrent radiotherapy (2 Gy/fraction, total dose of 60 Gy). RESULT Thirty patients were included with squamous cell carcinoma. The median follow-up duration was 24 months. The overall response rate was 90%. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates for all patients were 70.4% and 55.7% with a median survival time of 30 months, and the median progression free survival was 20 month. The major toxicities were leukopenia and thrombopenia, with grade 3 to 4 leukopenia and thrombopenia were 50% and 30% of patients. CONCLUSION Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with raltitrexed and nedaplatin agents frequently caused myelosuppression but was highly active and suggested to be a promising treatment option for locally advanced ESCC.
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Sohda M, Saito H, Kuriyama K, Yoshida T, Kumakura Y, Honjyo H, Hara K, Ozawa D, Suzuki S, Tanaka N, Sakai M, Miyazaki T, Fukuchi M, Kuwano H. Post-esophagectomy Adjuvant Chemotherapy Benefits Esophageal Cancer Patients. In Vivo 2019; 33:501-506. [PMID: 30804133 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Postoperative chemotherapy is an absolutely imperative treatment for advanced esophageal cancer patients, while preoperative chemotherapy is the standard therapy for clinical stage II/III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Japan. The aim of this study was to report the effect of postoperative chemotherapy on survival after esophagectomy due to thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred thirteen consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy were included. Several regiments were performed at various times. RESULTS Adjuvant chemotherapy brought a significantly superior overall survival (p=0.002), although there was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival (p=0.054) for clinical stage II or stage III esophageal cancer patients. Depth of invasion (p=0.003), number of lymph node metastases (p=0.048), and venous invasion (p<0.001) were risk factors for recurrence in the adjuvant-chemotherapy group with positive lymph nodes. Additionally, a not well-differentiated type, lymphatic and venous invasions were risk factors for recurrence in the surgery-alone group without positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy contributes to the prognosis of clinical stage II or III esophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kuriyama
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yoshida
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuji Kumakura
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honjyo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keigo Hara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Daigo Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Naritaka Tanaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuchi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Cools-Lartigue J, Ferri L. Should Multidisciplinary Treatment Differ for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Versus Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer? Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1014-1027. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhu H, Ge X, Lu Y, Zuo Y, Qin Q, Sun X, Yang M. Nedaplatin-based chemotherapy regimens combined with concurrent radiotherapy as first-line treatment for stage II-III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:594-602. [PMID: 30655806 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is an effective first-line treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present study aimed to compare clinical outcomes between three nedaplatin-based regimens for CCRT of ESCC. Patients with stage II-III thoracic ESCC in China between January 2012 and May 2016 were included. Patients received esophageal ultrasonography prior to treatment. Chemotherapy was as follows: i) 100 mg/m2 nedaplatin intravenously on day 1 and 70 mg/m2 tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium (S-1) orally twice daily for 2 weeks; ii) 50 mg/m2 nedaplatin intravenously on days 1 and 2 and 35 mg/m2 docetaxel intravenously on days 1 and 8; or iii) 60 mg/m2 nedaplatin intravenously on days 1 and 2. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was used to administer a total dose of 60-66 Gy (1.8-2.0 Gy per fraction) to the primary tumor and 45-50 Gy to the subclinical region. A total of 70 patients were enrolled (median age, 66 years; range, 50-81 years). T4 disease was identified in 45 (64.3%) patients. All patients completed radiotherapy and received ≥2 chemotherapy cycles. Estimated 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 82.9, 53.9 and 31.4%, respectively. OS and progression-free survival were similar between the three treatment groups. Grade 3/4 hematological toxicities were observed in 35 (50%) patients. The incidence of serious treatment-associated toxicities was numerically highest for the nedaplatin/docetaxel combination. Patients with thoracic ESCC had good clinical outcomes following CCRT. With similar survival rates and disease responses yet lower hematological toxicities, nedaplatin/S-1 and single-agent nedaplatin may be preferable to nedaplatin/docetaxel. Poor control of distant metastasis may be a disadvantage of single-agent chemotherapy use in CCRT, and a further study with larger cohorts is required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suchow, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Suchow University, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suchow, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, P.R. China
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Abstract
Resection techniques for esophageal carcinoma continue to evolve, from endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection for early stage disease to standard and robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy as part of multimodal therapy for locally advanced disease. Though currently limited to assessing conduit perfusion and sentinel lymph nodes, embedded technology in the robotic surgical platform will likely play an expanded role during esophagectomy in the future. The use of targeted therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, engineered immune cell therapy, and cancer vaccines show promise in the treatment of systemic disease. Radiation therapy techniques are becoming increasingly sophisticated and they may play a more active role in stage IV disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Wald
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Smaglo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Henry Mok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shawn S Groth
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Zheng K, Li Y, Wang S, Wang X, Liao C, Hu X, Fan L, Kang Q, Zeng Y, Wu X, Wu H, Zhang J, Wang Y, He Z. Inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion by ginsenoside Ro via the ESR2-NCF1-ROS pathway sensitizes esophageal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil-induced cell death via the CHEK1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint. Autophagy 2016; 12:1593-613. [PMID: 27310928 PMCID: PMC5082787 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1192751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of autophagy has been increasingly regarded as a promising cancer therapeutic approach. In this study, we screened several ginsenosides extracted from Panax ginseng and identified ginsenoside Ro (Ro) as a novel autophagy inhibitor. Ro blocked the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process by raising lysosomal pH and attenuating lysosomal cathepsin activity, resulting in the accumulation of the autophagosome marker MAP1LC3B/LC3B and SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) in various esophageal cancer cell lines. More detailed studies demonstrated that Ro activated ESR2 (estrogen receptor 2), which led to the activation of NCF1/p47(PHOX) (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, and subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Treatment with siRNAs or inhibitors of the ESR2-NCF1-ROS axis, such as N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), apocynin (ACN), Tiron, and Fulvestrant apparently decreased Ro-induced LC3B-II, GFP-LC3B puncta, and SQSTM1, indicating that ROS instigates autophagic flux inhibition triggered by Ro. More importantly, suppression of autophagy by Ro sensitized 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced cell death in chemoresistant esophageal cancer cells. 5-Fu induced prosurvival autophagy, and by inhibiting such autophagy, siRNAs against BECN1/beclin 1, ATG5, ATG7, and LC3B enhanced 5-Fu-induced autophagy-associated and apoptosis-independent cell death. We observed that Ro potentiates 5-Fu cytotoxicity via delaying CHEK1 (checkpoint kinase 1) degradation and downregulating DNA replication process, resulting in the delayed DNA repair and the accumulation of DNA damage. In summary, these data suggest that Ro is a novel autophagy inhibitor and could function as a potent anticancer agent in combination therapy to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shaoxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiangrong Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendan He
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Innovation Platform for Natural Small Molecule Drugs, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Novel Natural Health Care Products, Engineering Laboratory of Shenzhen Natural Small Molecule Innovative Drugs, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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