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Zhao L, Sui M, Li J, Zhang K. Case report of isolated synchronous multiple splenic metastases from rectal cancer: A case report and brief review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29613. [PMID: 35960045 PMCID: PMC9371491 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isolated splenic metastasis emanating from colorectal cancer is an extremely rare finding, which usually indicates widely disseminated and multiple metastatic cancer. There have only been 39 cases of isolated splenic metastasis reported in the English literature to date. PATIENT CONCERNS An 84-year-old female patient presented to our department with dark-red bloody stool that had persisted for 1 month and with an increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. DIAGNOSES A colonoscopy showed a rectal mass located 3 cm from the anal margin, which was 45 mm in diameter. The patient was diagnosed with rectal cancer with splenic metastases by abdomen computed tomography. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent a radical resection of rectal cancer and splenectomy, and the postoperative histopathology confirmed that the splenic lesions were derived from the adenocarcinoma of the rectum. OUTCOMES After surgical treatment, the patient recovered well and was recommended for further chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS In addition to revealing a rare case, we also performed a literature review, including a brief discussion about the atypical isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Our findings enrich the database of this rare clinical entity and provide experience in the management of splenic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingxiu Sui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Zhang, Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China (e-mail: )
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Romboli A, Annicchiarico A, Morini A, Castro Ruiz C, Pagliai L, Montali F, Costi R. Laparoscopic Partial Splenectomy: A Critical Appraisal of an Emerging Technique. A Review of the First 457 Published Cases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021; 31:1130-1142. [PMID: 33471586 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2020.0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) may allow avoiding total splenectomy (TS) complications and maximizing the advantages of mini-invasive approach. The objective of this review is to assess feasibility and safety of LPS, to compare this approach with alternative options. Materials and Methods: A literature review of articles reporting LPS is performed. Several parameters, including age, indication, surgical technique, devices used for splenic section/hemostasis, adverse outcomes, including morbidity/mortality, conversions to open surgery, conversions to TS, operative time (OT), and hospital stay (HS), are analyzed. Articles comparing LPS' results with those of open partial splenectomy and laparoscopic TS are also analyzed. Results: Fifty-nine articles reporting 457 LPS were included. Patients' characteristics varied widely, concerning age and indications, including hematological disease (hereditary spherocytosis, drepanocytosis), splenic focal masses, and trauma. Several technical options are reported. Mean OT and HS are 128 ± 43.7 minutes and 4.9 ± 3.8 days, respectively. No mortality and 5.7% morbidity are reported. Conversion rates to open surgery and to TS are 3.9% and 3.7%, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion LPS is feasible and safe, with no mortality, low morbidity, and low conversion rates to laparotomy and to TS. LPS may be accomplished by various techniques and tools. Major complications are sporadically reported, thus potential risks should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romboli
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia
| | - Alfredo Annicchiarico
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia.,Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Ospedale di Vaio, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Parma, Fidenza, Italia
| | - Andrea Morini
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia.,Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Ospedale di Vaio, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Parma, Fidenza, Italia
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Ospedale Civile di Guastalla, Guastalla, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Pagliai
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia
| | - Filippo Montali
- Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Ospedale di Vaio, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Parma, Fidenza, Italia
| | - Renato Costi
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia.,Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Ospedale di Vaio, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Parma, Fidenza, Italia
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Hu L, Zhu JY, Fang L, Yu XC, Yan ZL. Isolated metachronous splenic multiple metastases after colon cancer surgery: A case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:3320-3328. [PMID: 32874988 PMCID: PMC7441267 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i15.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated splenic metastasis is a rare clinical entity. Multiple metastases in the spleen after radical colon resection in a patient who subsequently underwent a second local resection for isolated metachronous splenic metastasis are exceedingly rare.
CASE SUMMARY We report a colon cancer patient who underwent laparoscopic radical colon resection 14 mo previously, and subsequently underwent a second local resection due to local recurrence detected by elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and positron emission tomography (PET). However, multiple metastases in the spleen were found 7 mo later by elevated serum CEA and PET-magnetic resonance imaging. Then the patient underwent total laparoscopic splenectomy. Local tumor recurrence and splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) were found by postoperative pathology. Genetic analysis of these recurrent and metastatic tissues showed KRAS exon2, APC exon16 and TP53 exon6 missense mutations, but no mutations of NRAS, KRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, MET, MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 were detected. Chemotherapy and target therapy were administered after multiple disciplinary team (MDT) consultation, and no tumor recurrence has been observed to date. We also reviewed the literature by conducting a search of the PubMed database using the following key words: CRC, splenic metastasis, isolated, and review. We identified 34 relevant papers, which included 28 cases of metachronous metastasis and 6 cases of simultaneous metastasis.
CONCLUSION Close monitoring of serum CEA levels is crucial for the detection of isolated splenic metastases after colon surgery. In terms of overall survival and progression-free survival, MDT plays an important role in the entire process of disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Yun Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Chong Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Long Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic partial splenectomy (LPS) is a challenging procedure. The aim of this review was to evaluate its feasibility, safety, and potential benefits. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review for the years 1995-2018 to retrieve all relevant articles. RESULTS A total of 44 studies with 252 patients undergoing LPS were reviewed. Six studies described combined operations. Ranges of operative time and estimated blood loss were 50-225 min and 0-1200 ml, respectively. There are eight patients need blood transfusion in 231 patients with available data. The conversion rate was 3.6% (9/252). Overall, 27 patients (10.7%;27/252) developed postoperative or intraoperative complications. Overall mortality was 0% (0/252). The length of postoperative stay (POS) varied (1-11 days). Among four comparative studies, one showed LPS could reduce POS than laparoscopic total splenectomy (LTS) (LTS 5.4 ± 1.8 days, LPS 4.2 ± 0.8 days, p = 0.027) and complications (pleural effusion (LTS 9/22, LPS 0/15, p = 0.005), splenic vein thrombosis (LTS 10/22, LPS 0/15, p = 0.002)). Another comparative study showed LPS may benefit emergency patients. However, one comparative study showed LPS was associated with more pain, longer time to oral intake, and longer POS in children with hereditary spherocytosis. The fourth comparative study showed robotic subtotal splenectomy was comparable to laparoscopy in terms of POS and complication. The main benefits were lower blood loss, vascular dissection time, and a better evaluation of splenic remnant volume. CONCLUSIONS In early series of highly selected patients, LPS appears to be feasible and safe when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons.
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Costi R, Castro Ruiz C, Romboli A, Wind P, Violi V, Zarzavadjian Le Bian A. Partial splenectomy: Who, when and how. A systematic review of the 2130 published cases. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1527-1538. [PMID: 30665627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE In order to avoid consequences of total splenectomy (including severe postsplenectomy sepsis), partial splenectomy (PS) is increasingly reported. Without guidelines and indications concerning a rarely-indicated procedure, a review of literature should be an asset. METHODS A systematic review of all PSs from 1960 to December 2017 was performed, with special focus on surgical indications, sites of resection, approaches and techniques of vascular dissection and parenchymal section/hemostasis of the spleen, perioperative morbidity/mortality, including complications compelling to perform total splenectomy. RESULTS Among 2130 PSs, indications for resection were hematological disease in 1013 cases and nonhematological conditions in 1078, including various tumors in 142 and trauma in 184. Parenchymal transection was performed using several techniques through the years, most frequently after having induced partial ischemia by splenic hilum vascular dissection/ligation. 371 laparoscopic/robotic PSs were reported. Rescue total splenectomy was required in 75 patients. CONCLUSIONS Although good results are probably overestimated by such a retrospective review, PS should be considered as a procedure associated with a low morbidity/mortality. Nevertheless, severe complications are also reported, and the need of total splenectomy should not to be minimized. Laparoscopic/robotic procedures are increasingly performed, with good results and rare conversions. TYPE OF STUDY Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Costi
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia; Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Ospedale di Vaio, Fidenza, Italia.
| | | | - Andrea Romboli
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia
| | - Philippe Wind
- Service de Chirurgie Générale Digestive, Cancerologique, Bariatrique et Métabolique, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Vincenzo Violi
- Unità di Scienze Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Parma, Italia; Unità Operativa di Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento Chirurgico, Ospedale di Vaio, Fidenza, Italia
| | - Alban Zarzavadjian Le Bian
- Service de Chirurgie Générale Digestive, Cancerologique, Bariatrique et Métabolique, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France; Laboratoire d'Ethique Médicale et de Médecine Légale, Université Paris "Descartes", Paris, France
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