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Liu FJ, Zhu ZH, Jiang Y, Li HJ. A pair of cyclopeptide epimers from the seeds of Celosia argentea. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:63-69. [PMID: 29425591 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two cyclopeptides, celogentin L (1) and its epimer lyciumin A (2) were firstly isolated from Celosia argentea L.. The planar structures of the two compounds were fully determined by spectroscopic data, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI/MS. The absolute configurations of amino acid components were assigned via chiral-phase HPLC analyses after acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, the configuration of C-N linkage at the glycine Cα was elucidated by extensive analyses of 2D-NMR and comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Cytotoxicity of the two compounds against human alveolar epithelial A549, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, and cervical cancer Hela cell lines was assayed. Although both of them were inactive in these cells, the present findings add new facets for the chemistry of Celosia argentea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | - Yan Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Tang Y, Wu H, Shao B, Wang Y, Liu C, Guo M. Celosins inhibit atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice and promote autophagy flow. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:74-82. [PMID: 29292046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Semen celosiae is a traditional Chinese medicine for purging hepatic pathogenic fire and removing nebula to improve eyesight, treating hepatopyretic vertigo and hypertension. It possesses a serial of potential bioactivities such as hepatoprotection, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes. The triterpenoid saponins celosins from it were proved to have hepatoprotection, lipid lowing and anti-inflammatory. However, the anti-atherosclerosis activities were not reported to date. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effects of celosins (CES), the active constituents extracted from Semen celosiae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Atherosclerosis model by feeding high fat diet for 12 weeks in ApoE-/- mice and foam cell model by ox-LDL-treated peritoneal macrophages were performed. The lipid plaque was measured by histopathological analysis. The LC3 dots in the aortic root lesion examined through tissue immunofluorescence. The peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, formation of foam cells, genes associated protein expression and autophagy flux were measured on foam cell model by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) stimulating peritoneal macrophages. The mRNA expression of CD36, SR-A1, ABCA1 and ABCG1 were determined by Real-Time PCR method. The expressions of LC3 and beclin 1 were measured using Western blot. RESULTS CES (10, 30, 90mg/kg; p.o.) administrated for 4 weeks significantly reduced the prevalence of the relative area of plaque in mouse aorta, and showed the therapeutic effect on atherosclerosis. In the tissue section of immunofluorescence for aortic root, compared with high fat diet model group, the number of autophagy bodies in CES group increased significantly, suggesting that inhibiting atherosclerosis effect of CES may be related to its promoting autophagy. In vitro, CES significantly reduced phagocytosis of macrophages on lipid and formation rate of foam cells. CES down-regulated the mRNA expression of CD36 and SR-A1 while up-regulated mRNA expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Further, CES increased the autophagy specific protein LC3 and beclin 1, and it also increased the level of autophagy in the cells, and promoted the process of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effect of CES on atherosclerosis may be related to the promotion of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bozhong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yeqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meili Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Miguel MG. Betalains in Some Species of the Amaranthaceae Family: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E53. [PMID: 29617324 PMCID: PMC5946119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural pigments are largely distributed in the plant kingdom. They belong to diverse groups, with distinct biochemical pathways. Betalains with colours that range from yellow to red-violet can de divided into two main subgroups: betaxanthins and betacyanins. These types of pigments are confined into 13 families of the order Caryophyllales and in some genera of higher fungi (Amanita muscaria, Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus). The Amaranthaceae family includes diverse genera in which betalains are present: Alternanthera, Amaranthus, Beta, Chenopodium, Celosia and Gomphrena. The biosynthesis of betalains and their general biological properties were reviwed in the present work. In addition, the types of betalains present in some species of the aforementioned genera, their stability and production, as well as biological attributes, were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graça Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, MeditBio, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha J. Thombare
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
| | - Craig A. Hutton
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of MelbourneVictoria3010 Australia
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Liver-specific metabolomics characterizes the hepatoprotective effect of saponin-enriched Celosiae Semen extract on mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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6
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Tang Y, Xin HL, Guo ML. Review on research of the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Celosia argentea. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li L, Hu W, Jia Y. Synthetic studies of cyclic peptides stephanotic acid methyl ester, celogentin C, and moroidin. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xue Q, Sun ZL, Guo ML, Wang Y, Zhang G, Wang XK. Two new compounds fromSemen celosiaeand their protective effects against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:772-80. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410902833948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Sun ZL, Wang Y, Guo ML, Li YX. Two new hepaprotective saponins from Semen celosiae. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:375-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ma B, Banerjee B, Litvinov DN, He L, Castle SL. Total synthesis of the antimitotic bicyclic peptide celogentin C. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:1159-71. [PMID: 20038144 PMCID: PMC2810426 DOI: 10.1021/ja909870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An account of the total synthesis of celogentin C is presented. A right-to-left synthetic approach to this bicyclic octapeptide was unsuccessful due to an inability to elaborate derivatives of the right-hand ring. In the course of these efforts, it was discovered that the mild Braslau modification of the McFadyen-Stevens reaction offers a useful method of reducing recalcitrant esters to aldehydes. A left-to-right synthetic strategy was then examined. The unusual Leu-Trp side-chain cross-link present in the left-hand macrocycle was fashioned via a three-step sequence comprised of an intermolecular Knoevenagel condensation, a radical conjugate addition, and a SmI(2)-mediated nitro reduction. A subsequent macrolactamization provided the desired ring system. The high yield and concise nature of the left-hand ring synthesis offset the modest diastereoselectivity of the radical conjugate addition. Formation of the Trp-His side-chain linkage characteristic of the right-hand ring was then accomplished by means of an indole-imidazole oxidative coupling. Notably, Pro-OBn was required as an additive in this reaction. Detailed mechanistic investigations indicated that Pro-OBn moderates the concentration of NCS in the reaction mixture, thereby minimizing the production of an undesired dichlorinated byproduct. The natural product was obtained after macrolactamization and deprotection. The chemical shifts of the imidazole hydrogen atoms exhibited significant dependence on temperature, concentration, and pH. Antitumor screening indicated that celogentin C inhibits the growth of some cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Biplab Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Dmitry N. Litvinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Liwen He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Steven L. Castle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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Li BTY, White JM, Hutton CA. Synthesis of the Leu - Trp Component of the Celogentin Family of Cyclic Peptides Through a C - H Activation - Cross-Coupling Strategy. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired approach to the central leucine(C3)–tryptophan(C6) cross-linked moiety present in the celogentin family of cyclic peptide natural products was achieved. The key transformation was enabled through a palladium-catalyzed C–H activation–cross-coupling of leucine quinoline amide and 6-iodotryptophan derivatives. X-Ray crystallographic analysis of a β-(indol-6-yl)-leucine derivative confirms the stereochemistry of the cross-linked adduct matches that of the natural products. The method enables the preparation of the Leu–Trp adduct as a single stereoisomer from l-leucine and l-tryptophan.
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Rodrigues E, Tabach R, GaldurÓz JCF, Negri G. Plants With Possible Anxiolytic and/or Hypnotic Effects Indicated by Three Brazilian Cultures - Indians, Afro-Brazilians, and River-Dwellers. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART O) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(08)80014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Morita H, Suzuki H, Kobayashi J. Celogenamide A, a new cyclic peptide from the seeds of Celosia argentea. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:1628-1630. [PMID: 15387679 DOI: 10.1021/np049858i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new cyclic nonapeptide, celogenamide A, has been isolated from the seeds of Celosia argentea, and the structure including absolute stereochemistry was determined by using extensive 2D NMR and MS-MS methods and chemical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Kobayashi J, Suzuki H, Shimbo K, Takeya K, Morita H. Celogentins A-C, new antimitotic bicyclic peptides from the seeds of Celosia argentea. J Org Chem 2001; 66:6626-33. [PMID: 11578213 DOI: 10.1021/jo0103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three new bicyclic peptides, celogentins A (1), B (2), and C (3), have been isolated together with a known-related peptide, moroidin (4), from the seeds of Celosia argentea, and their structures including absolute stereochemistry were determined by using extensive NMR methods and chemical means. Celogentins A (1), B (2), and C (3) inhibited the polymerization of tubulin, and celogentin C (3) was four times more potent than moroidin (4) in the inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationship study using moroidin derivatives 5-7 and analogue 8 as well as celogentins A-C (1-3) and moroidin (4) indicates that the bicyclic ring system including unusual non-peptide connections among beta(s)-Leu, Trp, and His residues characteristic of celogentins and moroidin, with ring size and conformations suitable for interaction with tubulin would be important for their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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Morita H, Shimbo K, Shigemori H, Kobayashi J. Antimitotic activity of moroidin, a bicyclic peptide from the seeds of Celosia argentea. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:469-71. [PMID: 10743950 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique bicyclic peptide, moroidin (1), from the seeds of Celosia argentea (Amaranthaceae) strongly inhibited the polymerization of tubulin. The stereostructure of moroidin (1) was reinvestigated by spectroscopic data, chemical degradation, and molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Myers MJ, Farrell DE, Baker JD, Cope CV, Evock-Clover CM, Steele NC. Challenge differentially affects cytokine production and metabolic status of growing and finishing swine. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1999; 17:345-60. [PMID: 10628426 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(99)00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Growing (35 kg body weight) and finishing (85 kg body weight) swine challenged with endotoxin (Escherichia coli O55:B5) at a dose of either 2 or 20 microg/kg produced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in a dose-response relationship as measured by bioassay. Peak TNFalpha plasma levels were observed 1-2 hr post-challenge, returning to basal values 4 hr post-challenge. However, both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for swine TNFalpha and total human TNFalpha demonstrated no dose-response relationship; peak plasma levels of immunoreactive TNFalpha were also observed 1-2 hr post-challenge. Maximal plasma interleukin-6 levels occurred 1-2 hr post-challenge and remained elevated through 8 hr post-challenge; there was no effect of lipopolysaccharide dose or metabolic status. Although the metabolic status of the animals also affected glucose levels, with growing animals exhibiting greater sensitivity compared with finishing animals, endotoxin-induced decreases in blood glucose levels were primarily dose-dependent. In contrast, changes in plasma urea nitrogen and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were strictly related to the metabolic status. Urea nitrogen levels were unchanged in growing swine, whereas they were increased in finishing swine and remained elevated 24 hr post-challenge. FFA levels in growing and finishing swine increased 3-6 hr post-challenge. FFA levels returned to basal values for finishing swine 24 hr post challenge, but in growing swine remained elevated 24 hr post-challenge. Plasma aspartate transaminase levels were increased through 24 hr post-challenge; animals given a dose of 20 microg/kg exhibited the greatest increase. Similarly, swine challenged with a dose of 20 microg/kg also exhibited the greatest increase in levels of conjugated bilirubin; there was no effect on unconjugated (free) bilirubin. These results demonstrate that endotoxin challenge of swine result in a pattern of changes that are dependent on both the dose of endotoxin used and the metabolic status of the animal examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Myers
- Division of Animal Research, US FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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Sugiyama K, He P, Wada S, Saeki S. Teas and other beverages suppress D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. J Nutr 1999; 129:1361-7. [PMID: 10395599 DOI: 10.1093/jn/129.7.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of various types of beverages (teas, coffee, and cocoa) on D-galactosamine-induced liver injury by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in 7-wk-old male Wistar rats. The effects of five fractions extracted with different organic solvents from green tea, different types of dietary fibers, and some short chain fatty acids were also investigated. All of the beverages tested significantly suppressed D-galactosamine-induced enhancement of plasma enzyme activities when powdered beverages were added to the diet (30 g/kg) and fed to rats for 2 wk. Plasma ALT activities were 1155 +/- 82 [micromol/(min.L), control], 289 +/- 61 (green tea), 626 +/- 60 (roasted green tea), 471 +/- 84 (puerh tea), 676 +/- 69 (oolon tea), 423 +/- 76 (black tea), 829 +/- 53 (coffee), and 885 +/- 89 (cocoa). The profile of AST activities was similar. The caffeine-containing fraction from green tea had no significant effect, whereas the other four fractions, including the soluble fiber fraction, significantly suppressed liver injury. In addition to tea fibers, many other types of dietary fiber (hemicellulose, chitin, chitosan, alginate, pectin, guar gum, glucomannan, and inulin, but not cellulose) had liver injury-preventive effects when added to the diet (30 g/kg), suggesting that liver injury-prevention may be one of the general effects of dietary fibers. Of three short-chain fatty acids tested (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), only acetate prevented liver injury when added to the diet (15 g/kg), supporting the possibility that the liver injury-preventive effect of dietary fibers may be mediated at least in part by certain organic acids. These results suggest that several beverages possess preventive effects on certain types of liver injury, such as that induced by D-galactosamine, and that different constituents of high and low molecular weights contribute to the liver injury-preventive effects of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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