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Palatty PL, Sacheendran D, Raghu SV, Arora R, Rao S, Baliga MS. Dietary agents in the prevention of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV): review addressing the scientific observations, benefits, lacunae and future direction. Int J Radiat Biol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38506659 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2309899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced Nausea and Vomiting (RINV) is an important side effect and conservative estimates are that 50-80% of the patients undergoing curative radiotherapy (RT) will experience some sought of retching, nausea, and/or vomiting during the course of their treatment. Conventionally, antiemetic drugs like the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists and steroids are the mainstay of treatment. However, the use of these agents, especially steroids, can cause side effects and thereby negate the proposed benefits. The antiemetic effects of Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort), Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn), oil of Mentha spicata (Spearmint) and the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger) have been addressed. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that Indian pennywort, Sea buckthorn, Spearmint oil and ginger are beneficial in mitigating RINV. Also, of the four plants investigated in preclinical models of study, mint oil and ginger seem to be more useful and merit structured systematic translational studies to ascertain the benefit of these two agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Louis Palatty
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Dhanya Sacheendran
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka, India
- Division of Neuroscience, Yenepoya Research Centre (YRC), Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, India
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Ebau F, Scano A, Manca ML, Manconi M, Cabras V, Pilloni M, Ennas G. Centella asiatica extract-SiO 2 nanocomposite: More than a drug-delivery system for skin protection from oxidative damage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:300-308. [PMID: 36278820 PMCID: PMC10092495 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An innovative nanotechnology-based approach was used for the preparation of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) extract-SiO2 nanocomposites, specifically tailored for skin protection from oxidative damage. Different amounts of C. asiatica glycolic extract (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 wt %) and fumed silica were used to prepare the nanocomposites by means of ball milling method. The influence of both composition of the starting mixture and milling time on the final products was evaluated by different techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen sorption analysis. Results confirmed the integrity of the natural extract after the milling process, and its successful loading in the silica matrix. No cytotoxicity was observed for the obtained nanocomposites, which showed high in-vitro ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and to protect human keratinocytes from damages induced with hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ebau
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Life and Environment Science Department, Section of Drug Sciences, CNBSUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Maria Manconi
- Life and Environment Science Department, Section of Drug Sciences, CNBSUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Valentina Cabras
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Martina Pilloni
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Guido Ennas
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
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Qadir A, Jahan S, Aqil M, Warsi MH, Alhakamy NA, Alfaleh MA, Khan N, Ali A. Phytochemical-Based Nano-Pharmacotherapeutics for Management of Burn Wound Healing. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040209. [PMID: 34842674 PMCID: PMC8628765 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times for their various therapeutic activities and are safer compared to modern medicines, especially when properly identifying and preparing them and choosing an adequate dose administration. The phytochemical compounds present in plants are progressively yielding evidence in modern drug delivery systems by treating various diseases like cancers, coronary heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, inflammation, microbial, viral and parasitic infections, psychotic diseases, spasmodic conditions, ulcers, etc. The phytochemical requires a rational approach to deliver the compounds to enhance the efficacy and to improve patients’ compatibility. Nanotechnology is emerging as one of the most promising strategies in disease control. Nano-formulations could target certain parts of the body and control drug release. Different studies report that phytochemical-loaded nano-formulations have been tested successfully both in vitro and in vivo for healing of skin wounds. The use of nano systems as drug carriers may reduce the toxicity and enhance the bioavailability of the incorporated drug. In this review, we focus on various nano-phytomedicines that have been used in treating skin burn wounds, and how both nanotechnology and phytochemicals are effective for treating skin burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (A.Q.); (S.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Samreen Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (A.Q.); (S.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (A.Q.); (S.J.); (M.A.)
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Athar Ali
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
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Sharma A, Khanna S, Kaur G, Singh I. Medicinal plants and their components for wound healing applications. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Wound is an anatomical and functional disruption of the skin following an injury. In response to the injury, wound healing is a complex process of tissue repair or remodeling. Historically, plants and plant-based constituents have been extensively used for the treatment and management of different types of wounds. In the current times, different types of biopolymers are being researched for developing economical, sustainable, stable, and effective delivery system for the treatment of wounds.
Main text
The present review article attempts to enlist medicinal plants which have been reported to be effective in the treatment of wounds. Plant constituent-based wound dressings have also been discussed systematically including patented formulations reported by different inventors.
Conclusion
The compiled data aims to update the researchers/scientists which will be helpful in providing them a directional view in understanding the role and importance of plant-based components for the treatment and management of wounds.
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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Zou H, He T, Chen X. Tetrandrine inhibits differentiation of proinflammatory subsets of T helper cells but spares de novo differentiation of iTreg cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:307-312. [PMID: 30769211 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) is an anti-inflammatory compound isolated from Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra S. Moore. It was reported recently that the differentiation of Th17 cells was inhibited, while the generation of induced Treg cells (iTregs) was promoted, by TET treatment. We therefore carefully examined the effect of TET on the differentiation of four major subsets of T helper cells. The results showed that in vitro treatment with TET potently inhibited the differentiation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Administration of LPS resulted in a mixed Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses in normal mice, and such effect of LPS was inhibited by in vivo TET treatment as well. In contrast, TET did not promote or inhibit the in vitro generation of iTregs from naïve CD4+CD25-Foxp3/gfp- T cells. Furthermore, spontaneous and rapamycin-induced conversion of naïve CD4+CD25-Foxp3/gfp- T cells into Foxp3-expressing iTregs in congenic mice was not affected by TET treatment. Thus, TET had the capacity to inhibit the differentiation of proinflammatory Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, while sparing the generation of Tregs. As a Treg-friendly and broad spectrum anti-inflammatory agent, the molecular mechanism and the therapeutic potential of TET in various human inflammatory diseases should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tianzhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
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Shabeeb D, Najafi M, Musa AE, Keshavarz M, Shirazi A, Hassanzadeh G, Hadian MR, Samandari H. Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation of the Radioprotective Effects of Melatonin Against Gamma Ray-Induced Skin Damage. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 12:72-81. [PMID: 30465519 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666181120163250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is one of the treatment methods for cancers using ionizing radiations. About 70% of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy. Radiation effect on the skin is one of the main complications of radiotherapy and dose limiting factor. To ameliorate this complication, we used melatonin as a radioprotective agent due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, free radical scavenging, improving overall survival after irradiation as well as minimizing the degree of DNA damage and frequency of chromosomal abrasions. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control (C), melatonin (M), radiation (R) and melatonin + radiation (MR). A single dose of 30 Gy gamma radiation was exposed to the right hind legs of the rats while 40 mg/ml of melatonin was administered 30 minutes before irradiation and 2 mg/ml once daily in the afternoon for one month till the date of rat's sacrifice. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 4, 12 and 20 weeks after irradiation. Afterwards, their exposed skin tissues were examined histologically and biochemically. RESULTS In biochemical analysis, we found that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in R group and decreased significantly in M and MR groups after 4, 12, and 20 weeks, whereas catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased in the R group and increased in M and MR groups during the same time periods compared with the C group (p<0.05). Histopathological examination found there were statistically significant differences between R group compared with the C and M groups for the three different time periods (p<0.005, p<0.004 and p<0.004) respectively, while R group differed significantly with MR group (p<0.013). No significant differences were observed between C and M compared with MR group (p>0.05) at 4 and 20 weeks except for inflammation and hair follicle atrophy, while there were significant effects at 12 weeks (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin can be successfully used for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced skin injury. We recommend the use of melatonin in optimal and safe doses. These doses should be administered over a long period of time for effective radioprotection and amelioration of skin damages as well as improving the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Iraq
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Keshavarz
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammed Reza Hadian
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury, Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Samandari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Kandaz M, Ertekin MV, Karslıoğlu İ, Erdoğan F, Sezen O, Gepdiremen A, Gündoğdu C. Zinc Sulfate and/or Growth Hormone Administration for the Prevention of Radiation-Induced Dermatitis: a Placebo-Controlled Rat Model Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:110-116. [PMID: 28168533 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) and zinc (Zn) were evaluated for their potential to prevent radiation injury using a rat model of radiation-induced skin injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: a control group not receiving Zn, GH, or irradiation: a radiation (RT) group receiving a single 30 Gy dose of gamma irradiation to the right hind legs; a radiation + GH group (RT + GH) receiving a single 30 Gy dose of gamma irradiation plus the subcutaneous administration of 0.01 IU kg d-1 GH; a radiation + Zn group (RT + Zn) receiving a single 30 Gy dose plus 5 mg kg d-1 Zn po; and a radiation + GH + Zn group (RT + GH + Zn) group receiving a single 30 Gy dose plus subcutaneous 0.01 IU kg d-1 GH and 5 mg kg d-1 Zn po. Acute skin reactions were assessed every 3 days by two radiation oncologists grouping. Light microscopic findings were assessed blindly by two pathologists. Groups receiving irradiation were associated with dermatitis as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The severity of radiodermatitis in the RT + GH, RT + Zn, and RT + GH + Zn groups was significantly lower than that in the RT group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, radiodermatitis was observed earlier in the RT group than in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). GH and Zn effectively prevented epidermal atrophy, dermal degeneration, and hair follicle atrophy. The highest level of protection against radiation dermatitis was observed in the combination group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kandaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Vecdi Ertekin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Avrasya Hospital, Beştelsiz Mah., 101., Sok., No:107, Akşemsettin Tramvay Durağı, Zeytinburnu, 34020, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Karslıoğlu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medikal Park Hospital, Olgunlar Mahallesi, Atatürk Bulvarı, No:5, 23040, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fazlı Erdoğan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Sezen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Akçahan Gepdiremen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Gölköy Yerleşkesi, 14300, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Cemal Gündoğdu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Zhao LX, Li DD, Hu DD, Hu GH, Yan L, Wang Y, Jiang YY. Effect of tetrandrine against Candida albicans biofilms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79671. [PMID: 24260276 PMCID: PMC3832530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen and has a high propensity to develop biofilms that are resistant to traditional antifungal agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of tetrandrine (TET) on growth, biofilm formation and yeast-to-hypha transition of C. albicans. We characterized the inhibitory effect of TET on hyphal growth and addressed its possible mechanism of action. Treatment of TET at a low concentration without affecting fungal growth inhibited hyphal growth in both liquid and solid Spider media. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that TET down-regulated the expression of hypha-specific genes ECE1, ALS3 and HWP1, and abrogated the induction of EFG1 and RAS1, regulators of hyphal growth. Addition of cAMP restored the normal phenotype of the SC5314 strain. These results indicate that TET may inhibit hyphal growth through the Ras1p-cAMP-PKA pathway. In vivo, at a range of concentrations from 4 mg/L to 32 mg/L, TET prolonged the survival of C. albicans-infected Caenorhabditis elegans significantly. This study provides useful information for the development of new strategies to reduce the incidence of C. albicans biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xue Zhao
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Dong Li
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Hu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan-Hai Hu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan Yan
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YYJ)
| | - Yuan-Ying Jiang
- New Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YYJ)
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Templeton A, Chu J, Sun M, Yao R, Sun J, Coon A, Bernard D, Shott S, Griem K. Thermal Effusivity Changes as a Precursor to Moist Desquamation. Radiat Res 2012; 178:295-303. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2745.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Somboonwong J, Kankaisre M, Tantisira B, Tantisira MH. Wound healing activities of different extracts of Centella asiatica in incision and burn wound models: an experimental animal study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:103. [PMID: 22817824 PMCID: PMC3492213 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of Centella asiatica for incision and burn wounds are not fully understood. Here, we report the wound healing activities of sequential hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Centella asiatica in incision and partial-thickness burn wound models in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into incision and burn wound groups. Each group was stratified into seven subgroups: (1) untreated; (2) NSS-; (3) Tween 20®- (vehicle control); (4) hexane extract-; (5) ethyl acetate extract-; (6) methanol extract-; and (7) aqueous extract-treated groups. The test substances were applied topically once daily. The tensile strength of the incision wound was measured on the seventh day after wound infliction. The general appearance and degree of wound healing of the burn wound were assessed on Days 3, 7, 10 and 14 after burn injury and prior to histopathological evaluation. RESULTS On the seventh day after wound infliction, the tensile strength of incision wound in all extract-treated groups was significantly higher than that of the vehicle control (Tween 20®), but comparable to the NSS-treated group. The degrees of healing in the burn wound with the four extracts were significantly higher than that of the control on Days 3, 10 and 14. Histopathological findings on Day 14 after burn injury revealed prominent fibrinoid necrosis and incomplete epithelialization in the control and untreated groups, whereas fully developed epithelialization and keratinization were observed in all extract-treated groups. Analysis by thin layer chromatography demonstrated that the phyto-constituents β-sitosterol, asiatic acid, and asiaticoside and madecassocide were present in the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS All extracts of Centella asiatica facilitate the wound healing process in both incision and burn wounds. Asiatic acid in the ethyl acetate extract seemed to be the most active component for healing the wound.
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Nowwarote N, Osathanon T, Jitjaturunt P, Manopattanasoontorn S, Pavasant P. Asiaticoside Induces Type I Collagen Synthesis and Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Phytother Res 2012; 27:457-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; 10330; Thailand
| | | | - Peachaya Jitjaturunt
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; 10330; Thailand
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Takikawa M, Nakamura S, Nambu M, Sasaki K, Yanagibayashi S, Azuma R, Yamamoto N, Kiyosawa T. New model of radiation-induced skin ulcer in rats. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2012; 45:258-62. [PMID: 22250716 DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2011.633401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to provide a new animal model for intractable skin ulcers in irradiated rats. Twenty-four rats were irradiated with total single radiographic irradiation doses of 10, 15, 20, and 30 Gy. The skin was observed for 6 months. In the 10-Gy group, there were no visible changes to the skin. In the 15-Gy group, epilation and depigmentation were seen about 2 weeks after irradiation. In the groups over 20-Gy, minor erosion or skin ulcers appeared in most rats. The wounds healed in the 20-Gy group, but many in the 30-Gy group could not be healed. A further 36 rats were irradiated with 20 Gy, and this was followed by the creation of cutaneous full-thickness defects at different periods. The size of the wounds was measured on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. Delayed wound healing was found in the irradiated groups compared with the unirradiated group (p = 0.01). There were no differences in the time of ulceration, except in the Day 7 group (p = 0.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Takikawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Yirmibesoglu E, Karahacioglu E, Kilic D, Lortlar N, Akbulut G, Omeroglu S. The protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb-761) on radiation-induced dermatitis: an experimental study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 37:387-94. [PMID: 22211952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irradiation of the skin induces production of free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress. EGb-761, an extract from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, has been reported to be an effective exogenous antioxidant based on its free-radical scavenger properties. AIM To investigate the protective effect of G. biloba extract (EGb-761) on radiation-induced dermatitis in rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided equally into four groups: group 1 received sham radiotherapy (RT) without EGb-761, group 2 received sham RT with EGb-761, group 3 received RT without EGb-761, and group 4 received RT with EGb-761. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx) and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Dermatitis was assessed with a semiquantitative dermatitis item score. The intensity of staining and diffusion of expression for proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 were also evaluated. RESULTS The enhanced oxidative stress seen after RT was markedly diminished when EGb-761 was administered with RT; significantly lower mean MDA (P < 0.005) and higher mean GSH (P < 0.001) levels were seen in group 4 compared with group 3. Although there was a decrease in NOx levels, this was not significant. All (100%) of the animals in group 3 developed dermatitis, whereas only 13% of the animals in group 4 did so (P < 0.0001). There was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3 in PCNA and TGF-β3 staining (P < 0.05), whereas no difference was seen between groups 3 and 4; however, the intensity of staining and diffusion of expression were lower in group 4 than in group 3. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic administration of EGb-761 seems to have a protective effect against radiation-induced dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yirmibesoglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Wu CJ, Wang YH, Lin CJ, Chen HH, Chen YJ. Tetrandrine down-regulates ERK/NF-κB signaling and inhibits activation of mesangial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1834-40. [PMID: 22001142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tetrandrine (TET), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandra S. Moore of the Menispermaceae, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. We examined the effect of tetrandrine on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-provoked inflammatory response in mesangial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary rat mesangial cells (PRMCs) were treated with IL-1β to induce inflammation to resemble glomerulonephritis. Cell viability, morphology and NO production were evaluated. Western blotting was applied for expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-κB-related molecules. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to examine the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. RESULTS TET, at concentrations up to 10 μg/ml, had no significant effect on viability of PRMCs. At non-toxic concentrations, TET inhibited expression of phosphorylated ERK as well as phosphorylated IKK, enhanced degradation of IκBα and reduced the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in IL-1β-primed PRMCs, suggesting an inhibitory effect on ERK/NF-κB signaling. TET attenuated the IL-1β-provoked expression of iNOS and release of NO. Moreover, both the protein expression and gelatinase activity of MMP-9, but not MMP-2, were markedly suppressed by TET. SIGNIFICANCE TET down-regulated ERK/NF-κB signaling and inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators NO and MMP-9. Since these mediators appear to activate mesangial cells, TET may play an important role in prevention of glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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17
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Balli E, Comelekoglu U, Yalin E, Yilmaz N, Aslantas S, Sögüt F, Berköz M, Yalin S. Exposure to gamma rays induces early alterations in skin in rodents: Mechanical, biochemical and structural responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:889-894. [PMID: 19012966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of gamma rays has been investigated on the normal rat skin using biomechanical, biochemical and histological techniques. Seventeen male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups (control (n=7) and irradiated (n=10)). The irradiated group was treated with a (60)Co gamma source at a dose of 10Gy at room temperature. Skin biomechanics were measured with tensile test using biomaterial testing machine and maximum load, stiffness, energy absorption capacity, ultimate stress, ultimate strain and elastic modulus were calculated. In the irradiated group, energy, strain and toughness were significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.05). However, strength, displacement, stiffness, stress and elastic modulus were similar to that of the control group (p>0.05). Catalase (CAT) activities and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the skin of rats were measured using the biochemical methods. MDA levels significantly increased whereas CAT activities decreased in the irradiated group as compared with the control group (p<0.05). Diameters of collagen fibers were measured by transmission electron microscopy. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between control and irradiated groups for collagen fiber diameter. Thickness of epidermis was significantly lower than the control group. There were no changes in the epidermis between the irradiated group and the control group ultrastructurally. The results of this study show that the gamma irradiation has a significant effect on normal healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Balli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mersin University Medical School, Mersin, Turkey
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18
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Tekin SB, Ertekin MV, Erdogan F, Sezen O, Karslioglu I, Gepdiremen A, Serifoglu K, Altas S. Is growth hormone a radioprotective agent? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2006; 20:293-8. [PMID: 16503890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is currently substantial clinical interest in growth hormone (GH) as a protective agent against radiation-related normal tissue injury. To further assess the potential radiation injury-preventive effects of GH, these effects were studied in rats by using a radiation-induced skin injury model. Group 1 received neither GH nor irradiation (control group). Group 2 received 30 Gy of gamma irradiation as a single dose to the right hind legs of the rats (radiation group). Group 3 and 4 received the same irradiation plus either 0.01 U/kg/day GH (RT + 0.01 GH group) or 0.02 U/kg/day GH (RT + 0.02 GH group) subcutaneously. Clinically and histopathologically, acute skin reactions were assessed by two independent experts in radiation oncology and pathology, respectively. Irradiation increased dermatitis in rats when compared with the control group. The severity of radiodermatitis in the rats in the RT + 0.01 GH and RT + 0.02 GH groups was significantly lower than that in the RT group; radiodermatitis developed earlier in the RT group than in the other groups. GH was efficacious in preventing epidermal atrophy, dermal degeneration such as oedema and collagen fibre loss, and hair follicle atrophy, but not better than in the control group. These results are preliminary to studies that will be performed with higher doses of GH in radiation-treated cancer patients, with the aim of reducing radiation-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Tekin
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wang L, Zhu JS, Chen WX, Zhu L, Da W, Wang XL. Inhibitory effects of tetrandrine combined with octreotide on proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines cultured in vitro. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2318-2322. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i19.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the inhibitory effects of tetrandrine (Tet), octreotide alone and in combination on the gastric cancer cell lines cultured in vitro, and to explore their possible mechanisms.
METHODS: The human gastric cell lines SGC7901 and MKN45 were cultured in vitro. The influences of Tet, octreotide alone and in combination on both kinds of the cells were observed by MTT spectrophotometry, and their effects on the concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+ were measured by Fura-2/AM.
RESULTS: Octreotide at high concentrations such as 2.4×10-5, 2.4×10-6mol/L, and Tet at concentrations of 10-160 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC7901 and MKN45 cells, and the inhibitory rates (IR) were 40.76%, 23.2% and 30.5-70.0% for the former, respectively, and 24.9%, 21.7% and 20.4-79.01% for the latter, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Different concentrations of octreotide (2.4×10-6, 2.4×10-9, 2.4×10-12 mol/L) increased the IR of Tet (10 μmol/L) for SGC7901 and MKN45 cells from 32.8% and 27.0% to 50.5% and 60.3%, 55.0% and 47.7%, 67.8% and 63.0%, respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The concentrations of free Ca2+ in SGC 7901 and MKN 45 cells were significantly reduced as compared with those in the normal controls (394.2±18.4 nmol/L vs 505.0±15.8 nmol/L, 412.1±20.8 nmol/L vs 512.0±16.0 nmol/L, both P < 0.01), and similar results were found in octreotide (2.4×10-6 mol/L) group (SGC7901: 450.8±20.1 nmol/L, P < 0.01; MKN45: 413.1±10.4 nmol/L, P < 0.01). However, octreotide combined with Tet could not reduce the concentration of free Ca2+ to a lower degree.
CONCLUSION: Tet inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines cultured in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, and the reduction of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration may be involved in its anti-proliferation mechanism. The antiproliferation of octreotide at high concentrations may relate to its anti-calcium effect. Different concentrations of octreotide can enhance the anti-proliferation of Tet at low doses, which may not relate to the reduction of the cytosolic calcium concentration.
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Arora R, Gupta D, Chawla R, Sagar R, Sharma A, Kumar R, Prasad J, Singh S, Samanta N, Sharma RK. Radioprotection by plant products: present status and future prospects. Phytother Res 2005; 19:1-22. [PMID: 15799007 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of radioprotective agents has been the subject of intense research in view of their potential for use within a radiation environment, such as space exploration, radiotherapy and even nuclear war. However, no ideal, safe synthetic radioprotectors are available to date, so the search for alternative sources, including plants, has been on going for several decades. In Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, several plants have been used to treat free radical-mediated ailments and, therefore, it is logical to expect that such plants may also render some protection against radiation damage. A systematic screening approach can provide leads to identifying potential new candidate drugs from plant sources, for mitigation of radiation injury. This article reviews some of the most promising plants, and their bioactive principles, that are widely used in traditional systems of medicine, and which have rendered significant radioprotection in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Plants and their constituents with pharmacological activities that may be relevant to amelioration of radiation-mediated damage, including antiemetic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cell proliferative, wound healing and haemopoietic stimulatories are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Arora
- Division of Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Brig. SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110 054, India
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Jiang ZY, Zhang XM, Zhou J, Chen JJ. New Triterpenoid Glycosides fromCentella asiatica. Helv Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200590011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Punturee K, Wild CP, Vinitketkumneun U. Thai medicinal plants modulate nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in J774.2 mouse macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 95:183-189. [PMID: 15507334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (CA) and Rhinacanthus nasutus (RN) are Thai medicinal plants traditionally used to treat a variety of disorders including inflammatory conditions and infections. Nitric oxide (NO) produced from activated macrophages plays a role in both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. This study examined whether CA and RN modulate the production of NO and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by J774.2 mouse macrophages. Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF-alpha genes was also analysed. With CA (water extract) NO production was increased in a dose-dependent manner. An increase also occurred when CA was administered with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known macrophage activator. In contrast, an ethanol extract of CA had no effect on NO, and when administered with LPS the extract suppressed production. With RN, neither water nor ethanol extracts alone had an effect on NO, although when the ethanol extract of RN was used in combination with LPS, production was increased. TNF-alpha secretion was correlated with NO production and increases were associated with an elevation in TNF-alpha mRNA. The only effect on iNOS gene expression was an inhibition with the CA ethanol extract in the presence of LPS, consistent with the reduction in NO under these conditions. These studies show that CA and RN extracts can either increase or decrease NO production by macrophages and that these effects are predominantly mediated through an effect on TNF-alpha expression. These data contribute to a better mechanistic understanding of the medicinal properties of these Thai plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanittha Punturee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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23
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Ertekin MV, Tekin SB, Erdogan F, Karslioglu I, Gepdiremen A, Sezen O, Balci E, Gündogdu C. The effect of zinc sulphate in the prevention of radiation-induced dermatitis. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 45:543-548. [PMID: 15635264 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is currently substantial clinical interest in zinc (Zn) as a protective agent against radiation-related normal tissue injury. To further assess this drug's potential, the effect of Zn was studied in rats using a radiation-induced skin injury model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 received neither Zn nor irradiation (control group). Group 2 received 30 Gy of gamma irradiation as a single dose to the right hind legs of the rats (RT Group). Groups 3 and 4 received the same irradiation plus 5 mg/kg/day Zn (RT+5 Zn group) or 10 mg/kg/day Zn orally (RT+10 Zn group), respectively. The rats were irradiated using a cobalt-60 teletherapy unit. Acute skin reactions were assessed every three days by two independent radiation oncology experts. At the endpoint of the study, light-microscopic findings were assessed by two independent expert pathology physicians. Clinically and histopathologically, irradiation increased dermatitis when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The severity of radiodermatitis of the rats in the RT+5 Zn and RT+10 Zn groups was significantly lower than in the RT group (p < 0.05); radiodermatitis was seen earlier in the RT group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Zn was found to be efficacious in preventing epidermal atrophy, dermal degeneration such as edema and collagen fiber loss, and hair follicle atrophy. The most protection for radiation dermatitis was observed in the RT+10 Zn group. It would be worthwhile studying the effects of zinc sulphate supplements in radiation-treated cancer patients, in the hope of reducing radiation-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Vecdi Ertekin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Williamson ED. Selected bibliography. Phytother Res 2000; 14:69-72. [PMID: 10641056 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(200002)14:1<69::aid-ptr606>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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