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Shen C, Luo Z, Zhan P, Deng F, Zhang P, Shen B, Hu J. Antifungal activity and potential mechanism of action of Huangqin decoction against Trichophyton rubrum. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38348868 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Trichophyton rubrum is a major causative agent of superficial dermatomycoses such as onychomycosis and tinea pedis. Huangqin decoction (HQD), as a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, was found to inhibit the growth of common clinical dermatophytes such as T. rubrum in our previous drug susceptibility experiments.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The antifungal activity and potential mechanism of HQD against T. rubrum have not yet been investigated.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity and explore the potential mechanism of action of HQD against T. rubrum.Methodology. The present study was performed to evaluate the antifungal activity of HQD against T. rubrum by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs), mycelial growth, biomass, spore germination and structural damage, and explore its preliminary anti-dermatophyte mechanisms by sorbitol and ergosterol assay, HPLC-based ergosterol test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mitochondrial enzyme activity test.Results. HQD was able to inhibit the growth of T. rubrum significantly, with an MIC of 3.125 mg ml-1 and an MFC of 12.5 mg ml-1. It also significantly inhibited the hyphal growth, conidia germination and biomass growth of T. rubrum in a dose-dependent manner, and induced structural damage in different degrees for T. rubrum cells. HQD showed no effect on cell wall integrity, but was able to damage the cell membrane of T. rubrum by interfering with ergosterol biosynthesis, involving the reduction of squalene epoxidase (SE) and sterol 14α-demethylase P450 (CYP51) activities, and also affect the malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activities of mitochondria.Conclusion. These results revealed that HQD had significant anti-dermatophyte activity, which was associated with destroying the cell membrane and affecting the enzyme activities of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang, PR China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanochang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Fengyi Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang, PR China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang, PR China
| | - Baode Shen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang, PR China
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Zong K, Xu K, Zhang X, Wang P, Wang Z, Yang S, Li H, Ke H, He S, Hu Y, Go Y, Chan XHF, Wu J, Huang Q. Explorating the mechanism of Huangqin Tang against skin lipid accumulation through network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116581. [PMID: 37142143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huangqin Tang (HQT), a famous prescription with the effect of clearing pathogenic heat and detoxifying, was first recorded in "Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases". It has proved that HQT has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can improve acne symptoms clinically. However, the study on the regulation of HQT on sebum secretion which is one of the inducements of acne is not enough. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aimed to investigate the mechanisms of HQT in the treatment of skin lipid accumulation by network pharmacology and validating the results via in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology was employed to predict the potential targets of HQT against sebum accumulation. Then, the palmitic acid (PA)-induced SZ95 cell model was established to evaluate the effect of HQT on lipid accumulation and anti-inflammation, and the core pathways predicted by network pharmacology were verified in cell studies. RESULTS 336 chemical compounds and 368 targets in HQT were obtained by network pharmacology, of which 65 targets were related to sebum synthesis. 12 core genes were revealed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results suggested that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway might play a crucial role in regulating lipogenesis. In vitro experiments, HQT suppressed lipid accumulation, downregulated the expressions of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and upregulated AMPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, AMPK inhibitor reversed HQT-mediated sebosuppressive effect. CONCLUSION The results disclosed that HQT ameliorates lipogenesis in PA-induced SZ95 sebocytes partially through the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Zong
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kewei Xu
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xingjiang Zhang
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zhekun Wang
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Ke
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shengsheng He
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yunwei Hu
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yuyo Go
- Royal Victoria Hospital, 274 Grosvenor Rd, Belfast, BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jianxin Wu
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Qing Huang
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Lane, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Fujii S, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Preparation of Anti-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoclonal Antibody for Application in an Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1370598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Japan
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Liang J, Sun HM, Wang TL. Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Classes of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Components in Shuang-Huang-Lian Oral Liquid Formulations by UPLC-Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122057. [PMID: 29186758 PMCID: PMC6149676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) oral liquid is a combined herbal prescription used in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and pneumonia. Multiple constituents are considered to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of SHL. However, the quantitation of the multi-components from multiple classes is still unsatisfactory because of the high complexity of constituents in SHL. In this study, an accurate, rapid, and specific UPLC-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous quantification of 18 compounds from multiple classes in SHL oral liquid formulations. Chromatographic separation was performed on a HSS T3 (1.8 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) column, using a gradient mobile phase system of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min−1; the run time was 23 min. The MS was operated in negative electrospray ionization (ESI−) for analysis of 18 compounds using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. UPLC-ESI−-MRM-MS/MS method showed good linear relationships (R2 > 0.999), repeatability (RSD < 3%), precisions (RSD < 3%) and recovery (84.03–101.62%). The validated method was successfully used to determine multiple classes of hydrophilic and lipophilic components in the SHL oral liquids. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify and differentiate SHL oral liquid samples attributed to different manufacturers of China. The proposed UPLC-ESI−-MRM-MS/MS coupled with PCA has been elucidated to be a simple and reliable method for quality evaluation of SHL oral liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-8219-5301
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Li T, Zhuang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Chen L, Wang D, Zhou Z, Yang W. Flavonoid profiling of a traditional Chinese medicine formula of Huangqin Tang using high performance liquid chromatography. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:148-57. [PMID: 27006899 PMCID: PMC4788706 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control processes for herbal medicines have been problematic. Flavonoids are the major active components of Huangqin Tang (HQT, a traditional Chinese medicine formula). In this study, we used a combinative method approach consisting of chromatographic fingerprinting (high performance liquid chromatography; HPLC), quantitative methods and a pharmacodynamic evaluation model to analyze the flavonoids of HQT obtained from different sources. Ten batches of HQT were analyzed by the HPLC fingerprinting method and 26 common peaks were detected, of which 23 peaks corresponded with the chemical profile of HQT. In addition, 11 major compounds were identified by LC–MS analysis (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer; LC–MSn) and quantified by the HPLC quantitative method approach. The studied 10 batches of HQT were found to be homogeneous in their composition with a similarity between 0.990 and 1.000. The distribution of the 11 identified compounds was found to be very similar among the batches. Only slight pharmacodynamic differences were detected between the different batches, confirming the homogeneity of HQT. The results of this study prove that the combination of chromatographic fingerprinting and quantitative analysis can be readily used for comprehensive quality control of herbal medicines.
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Key Words
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antipyretic
- CFDA, China Food and Drug Administration
- Carrageenin
- Flavonoids
- HPLC fingerprinting analysis
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HQT, Huangqin Tang
- ICH, International Conference on Harmonization
- LC–MSn, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer
- LLOD, linearity, lower limit of detection
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- Multiple-component quantitative analysis
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Paw edema
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- Radix Scutellariae
- S/N, signal-to-noise ratio
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shuaixing Zhuang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhongming Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weipeng Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 64093014; fax: +86 10 64013996.
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Li Z, Cheung FSG, Zheng J, Chan T, Zhu L, Zhou F. Interaction of the Bioactive Flavonol, Icariin, with the Essential Human Solute Carrier Transporters. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 28:91-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sydney; Sydney New SouthWales Australia
| | | | - Jian Zheng
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sydney; Sydney New SouthWales Australia
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field; Ministry of Education; Harbin People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chan
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sydney; Sydney New SouthWales Australia
| | - Ling Zhu
- Retinal Therapeutics Research Group; Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney; Sydney New SouthWales Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sydney; Sydney New SouthWales Australia
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7
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Chen X, Tan X, Wang J. CdS nanoparticles-enhanced chemiluminescence and determination of baicalin in pharmaceutical preparations. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:176-82. [PMID: 22473830 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs) of different sizes were synthesized by the citrate reduction method. It was found that CdS NPs could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) of the luminol-potassium ferricyanide system and baicalin could inhibit CdS NPs-enhanced luminol-potassium ferricyanide CL signals in alkaline solution. Based on this inhibition, a flow-injection CL method was established for determination of baicalin in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine samples. Under optimized conditions, the linear range for determination of baicalin was 5.0 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-3) g/L. The detection limit at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 1.7 x 10(-6) g/L. CL spectra, UV-visible spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the CL mechanism. The method described is simple, selective and obviates the need of extensive sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Islam MN, Chung HJ, Kim DH, Yoo HH. A simple isocratic HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of bioactive components of Scutellariae radix extract. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:1957-62. [PMID: 22304335 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.631134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Scutellariae Radix, the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been widely used in Asian countries for the treatment of dermatitis, diarrhoea, inflammatory disease and hepatic disease. A simple, sensitive and precise reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method with isocratic elution was developed to simultaneously determine four bioactive compounds in Scutellariae Radix: baicalein, baicalin, wogonin and wogonoside. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a YMC Pack Pro C(8) column (150 × 4.6 mm(2), 3 µm), with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid : acetonitrile (70 : 30, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1), and UV detection at 280 nm. Linear behaviour was observed over the investigated concentration range (0.25-10 µg mL(-1)) for all analytes, with a correlation coefficient of >0.997. The intra- and inter-day precisions were <8.07%, and accuracies were 92.3-102.9%. This method was successfully applied for the analysis of marker compounds for the quality control of Scutellariae Radix extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nurul Islam
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Chungryang, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Shi Z, Chang W. Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Five Bioactive Components in Traditional Chinese Medicinal Formula, Guanxin II, by HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120017183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- a Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Wenbao Chang
- a Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , P. R. China
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Zhang X, Liu J, Qiao H, Ni J, Shi Y. Determination and Pharmacokinetics of Isoliquiritigenin in Rat Plasma by RP–LC After Intravenous Administration. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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An R, Wang Y, You L, Wang X. UPLC–MS Analysis for Simultaneous Determination of Eight Components in the ‘Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian’ Tablets. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Liang XM, Jin Y, Wang YP, Jin GW, Fu Q, Xiao YS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:2033-44. [PMID: 18656880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Separation techniques with high efficiency and sensitive detection have been widely used for quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). High-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis are commonly used to separate various components in TCMs. Ultraviolet detection, fluorescence detection, evaporative light-scattering detection, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance can be applied to separation techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCMs. The development of quality control for TCMs based on quantitative and qualitative analysis from 2000 to 2007 are reviewed; the fingerprint technique is also discussed due to its broad application in the quality control of TCMs. Prospects for further research based on our primary results are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-miao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
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Deng Y, Liao Q, Li S, Bi K, Pan B, Xie Z. Simultaneous determination of berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of coptis-evodia herb couple. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 863:195-205. [PMID: 18258496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine in rat plasma. After mixing with the internal standard (IS) tetrahydropalmatine, plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile-methanol (1:2, v/v). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column using a mixture of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile (30:70, v/v) as mobile phase. The detection was performed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the positive ionization mode. The method was linear over the concentration range of 1.0-250.0 ng/mL for all components. The intra- and inter-day precision values were less than 14.6% and the deviations were within +/-4.0%. The fully validated LC-MS/MS method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine in rat plasma after oral administration of coptis-evodia herb couple. Three peaks were observed in both individual and mean plasma-concentration curves of berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine, which may be attributed to distribution re-absorption and enterohepatic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Deng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Qu HB, Ma YH, Yu K, Cheng YY. Development of an HPLC Method for the Quality Evaluation of ‘Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian’ Tablets Derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Yi L, Jian-Ping G, Xu X, Lixin D. Simultaneous determination of baicalin, rhein and berberine in rat plasma by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 838:50-5. [PMID: 16730245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple HPLC method using column-switching and ultraviolet detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of baicalin (BA), rhein (RH) and berberine (BE) in rat plasma. Plasma samples were injected directly onto a Capcell Pak MF C(8) column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) to remove protein and to be pre-separated by an isocratic elution using 50 mmol/L phosphate sodium (pH 6.85)-acetonitrile (10:1, v/v). After the drug-containing fractions were transferred to a Kromasil C(18) column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) by a valve switching step, the valve position was switched back and the main separation was performed by an isocratic elution using triethylamine adjusted 20 mmol/L phosphoric acid (pH 6.78)-acetonitrile (4:1, v/v). The flow rate was always 1.0 mL/min. The calibration curve showed excellent linear relationship (r>or=0.9997) over the concentration range of 0.4-7.9 microg/mL for baicalin, 0.2-7.8 microg/mL for rhein and 0.4-7.7 microg/mL for berberine in rat plasma. The intra- and inter-day assay precisions (R.S.D.) of three analytes were in the range of 0.34-4.3% and the accuracies were between 98.0% and 102.4%. Their recoveries were all greater than 95%. The method was successfully applied to the multi-constituents plasma concentration-time curve study after oral administration of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription Xiexin-Tang in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Lin IH, Lee MC, Chuang WC. Application of LC/MS and ICP/MS for establishing the fingerprint spectrum of the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Gan-Lu-Yin. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:172-9. [PMID: 16485723 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We developed a method to analyze the fingerprint spectrum qualitatively and quantitatively for the traditional Chinese herbal medicinal preparation Gan-Lu-Yin with HPLC combined with photodiode array detection, and MS, and to identify the preparation's 14 main components including baicalin, baicalein, oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide, wogonin-7-O-glucuronide, wogonin, and oroxylin A in Radix Scutellariae; naringin and neohesperidin in Aurantii fructus; liquiritigenin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid in Radix Glycyrrhizae. In LC/UV assay, a Cosmosil 5C18-MS-II column was used as the stationary phase, and a gradient of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ACN, and water as the elute solution. The UV detection wavelengths were 250 and 280 nm. In LC/MS assay, a gradient of phosphoric acid, ACN, and water was used as the elute solution, and electrospray positive ion mode ((+)-ESI) as the analytic mode. In order to explore the distribution of trace metal elements effectively in Gan-Lu-Yin, a microwave digestion method was used for sample treatment, and an inductively coupled plasma MS assay was used to analyze fingerprint spectra of the inorganic metals in Gan-Lu-Yin. Combined with fingerprint spectra of organic compounds by LC/UV and LC/MS, it was expected to provide effective quality control in the production of Gan-Lu-Yin.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsin Lin
- Chang Gung Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Li HB, Chen F. Isolation and purification of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1074:107-10. [PMID: 15941045 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has been used widely in traditional Chinese medicine for anti-inflammation, anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial infections, reducing the total cholesterol level and decreasing blood pressures. A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for the preparative separation and purification of three bioactive flavonoids, namely, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A, from S. baicalensis Georgi. Preparative HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:1:8:10, v/v/v/v) was successfully performed by increasing the flow-rate of the mobile phase stepwise from 1.0 to 2.0 ml min(-1) after 4 h. The components purified and collected were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method yielded 144.8 mg of baicalein at 95.7% purity, 50.2 mg of wogonin at 98.5% purity, and 12.4 mg of oroxylin A at 93.2% purity from 500 mg of the crude extract in a one-step separation. The recoveries of baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A were 92.7%, 91.6% and 92.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Botany, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Shi Z, He J, Zhao M, Chang W. Simultaneous determination of five marker constituents in traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Le–Mai granule by high performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:469-73. [PMID: 15740905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of five marker constituents was established for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Le-Mai granule. The marker constituents were danshensu, protocatechuic acid and protocatechualdehyde from Salviae miltiorrhizae bunge; paeoniflorin from Radix paeoniae rubra and ferulic acid from Rhizoma chuanxiong. Extracted samples were successfully separated on a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) at 25 degrees C. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and 1.0% acetic acid employing gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was accomplished with a diode-array detector and chromatograms were recorded at 230, 262, 280 and 322 nm. The compounds were identified by comparing their retention times and UV spectra in the 200-400 nm range with authentic standards. Regression equations revealed good linear relationship (correlation coefficients: 0.9993-0.9999) between the peak areas of the constituents and their concentrations. The average recoveries (n=3) were between 96.2 and 102.5%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the five marker constituents in three lots of Le-Mai granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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Li HB, Jiang Y, Chen F. Separation methods used for Scutellaria baicalensis active components. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 812:277-90. [PMID: 15556504 PMCID: PMC7105199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Its roots have been used for anti-inflammation, anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial infections of the respiratory and the gastrointestinal tract, cleaning away heat, moistening aridity, purging fire, detoxifying toxicosis, reducing the total cholesterol level and decreasing blood pressures. Baicalin, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A are its main active components. This review provides an overview of various separation, detection, and identification techniques employed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of these active components. Applications of high-performance liquid chromatography, high-speed counter-current chromatography, thin layer chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to the separation and determination of these active components are described. Examples of identification of these active components and their metabolites in complex matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are also presented. The advantages and limitations of these separation and identification methods are assessed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Botany, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Botany, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Cao Y, Wang Y, Ji C, Ye J. Determination of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its medicinal preparations by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1042:203-9. [PMID: 15296407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, reliable, reproducible and sensitive method, based on capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (ED), for the determination of liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its medicinal preparations was described. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300 microm diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits good responses at + 1000 mV (versus SCE) for the two analytes. Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were base-line separated within 8 min, and excellent linearity was obtained in the concentration range from 5.0 x 10(-4) to 1.0 x 10(-6) mol/l. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 4.7 x 10(-7) and 2.9 x 10(-7) mol/l for liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin, respectively. This work provides a useful method for the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Cao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Southern Yangze University, Wuxi 214036, China.
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Ye G, Li YZ, Li YY, Guo HZ, Guo DA. SPE-HPLC method for the determination and pharmacokinetic studies on paeoniflorin in rat serum after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Guan-Xin-Er-Hao decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:521-7. [PMID: 14550870 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new HPLC method for the determination of paeoniflorin in rat serum with solid-phase extraction (SPE) for preconcentration is introduced. Paeoniflorin and an internal standard (pentoxifylline) were extracted from serum by means of SPE using cartridges with octadecyl chemically bound phase. The HPLC separation was then performed on a reversed-phase C(18) column using acetonitrile-water (18:82, v/v) as eluting solvent system, and UV detection at 230 nm to measure the analyte with a limit of quantitation about 10 ng ml(-1). The calibration curve for paeoniflorin was linear (r=0.9938) in the concentration range of 10-1200 ng ml(-1), both intra- and inter-day precision of the paeoniflorin were determined and their coefficience of variation did not exceed 10%. The validated method has been successfully applied for pharmacokinetic studies of paeoniflorin from rat serum after oral administration of Guan-Xin-Er-Hao decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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Zuo F, Zhou ZM, Zhang Q, Mao D, Xiong YL, Wang YL, Yan MZ, Liu ML. Pharmacokinetic study on the multi-constituents of Huangqin-Tang decoction in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:911-9. [PMID: 12843610 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, the pharmacokinetics of multi-constituents in Huangqin-Tang decoction were simultaneously studied both in the compound prescription and in each single herb decoction. At different intervals (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 h) after oral administration of the Huangqin-Tang decoction or a single herb decoction at a dose of 10 g x kg(-1), the concentrations of the constituents and their metabolites: baicalin (BG), wogonoside (WG), oroxylin-A-glucuronide (OG), baicalein (B), wogonin (W), oroxylin-A (O), paeoniflorin (PF), paeonimetabolin-I (PM-I), liquiritin (LG), liquiritigenin (L), glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), were detected in the rat plasma. A new metabolite-3,5,7,2',6'-penta hydroxy flavone (visidulin I, VD-I) was found in rat plasma after oral administration of Huangqin-Tang or a single herb Huangqin decoction, and the quality was identified by HPLC and LC/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the constituents and metabolites in the compound prescription and single herb decoctions were compared. All concentration-time curves corresponded to the one-compartment model. The constituents of BG, WG, OG, VD-I and LG had higher C(max) and AUC(0-lim) in the compound prescription than in the single herb decoction, and WG had significant difference. The constituents of PF, W and O only had a higher AUC(0-lim) in the compound prescription, and O had a significant difference. It was concluded, in brief, that there were obvious differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of most constituents (especially constituent WG) between the compound prescription and single herb decoction. The constituents in the compound prescription had delayed absorption and elimination, a longer residence time in the body, and higher C(max) and AUC(0-lim), than those in the single herb decoction. Therefore, they were more efficient and durable, making them promising to exerting pharmacological effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zuo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Zuo F, Zhou ZM, Yan MZ, Liu ML, Xiong YL, Zhang Q, Song HY, Ye WH. Metabolism of constituents in Huangqin-Tang, a prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, by human intestinal flora. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:558-63. [PMID: 12033492 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of studies on the metabolism of active components of Huangqin-Tang by human intestinal flora (HIF), Huangqin-Tang and all individual herbs in the decoctions were incubated with a human fecal suspension separately. By using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method which was previously established in our laboratory, the metabolites in both the compound prescription and all the single herb decoctions were identified and determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. We found that the constituents of Huangqin-Tang, incluing baicalin (baicalein 7-glucuronide; BG), wogonoside (wogoninoglucuronide; WG), oroxylin-A-glucuronide (OG) from Scutellariae Radix, paeoniflorin (PF) from Paeoniae Radix, liquiritin (liquiritigenin 4'-O-glucoside; LG), isoliquirtin (isoliquiritigenin 4-glucoside; ILG) and glycyrrhizic acid (GL) from Glycyhhizea Radix, were converted to their metabolites baicalein (B), wogonin (W), oroxylin-A (O), paeonimetabolin-I (PM-I), liquiritigenin (L), isoliquiritigenin (IL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) by HIF. The contents of the metabolites in Huangqin-Tang and in each single herb decoction increased significantly after incubation with intestinal flora. Comparing with single herb decoctions, the transformation of BG, WG, OG, LG and ILG in the compound prescription was promoted, however, that of PF and GL was inhibited. All the results suggested that the glycosides of many medicinal herbs could be converted to aglycones by HIF, and the metabolism of most glycosides was improved in the compound prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zuo
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2001; 12:389-396. [PMID: 11793818 DOI: 10.1002/pca.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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