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Asahi Y, Hamada T, Hattori A, Matsuura K, Odaka M, Nomura F, Kaneko T, Abe Y, Takasuna K, Sanbuissho A, Yasuda K. On-chip spatiotemporal electrophysiological analysis of human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes enables quantitative assessment of proarrhythmia in drug development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14536. [PMID: 30266924 PMCID: PMC6162288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined a simultaneous combined spatiotemporal field potential duration (FPD) and cell-to-cell conduction time (CT) in lined-up shaped human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) using an on-chip multielectrode array (MEA) system to evaluate two origins of lethal arrhythmia, repolarization and depolarization. The repolarization index, FPD, was prolonged by E-4031 and astemizole, and shortened by verapamil, flecainide and terfenadine at 10 times higher than therapeutic plasma concentrations of each drug, but it did not change after lidocaine treatment up to 100 μM. CT was increased by astemizol, flecainide, terfenadine, and lidocaine at equivalent concentrations of Nav1.5 IC50, suggesting that CT may be an index of cardiac depolarization because the increase in CT (i.e., decrease in cell-to-cell conduction speed) was relevant to Nav1.5 inhibition. Fluctuations (short-term variability; STV) of FPD and CT, STVFPD and STVCT also discriminated between torsadogenic and non-torsadogenic compounds with significant increases in their fluctuation values, enabling precise prediction of arrhythmogenic risk as potential new indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Asahi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Hamada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Chiome Bioscience Inc. Shibuya, Tokyo, 151-0071, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hattori
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Kenji Matsuura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Masao Odaka
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore
| | - Fumimasa Nomura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kaneko
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei Univ., Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sanbuissho
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Kasai R&D Center, Daiichi-Sankyo Co. Ltd., Edogawa, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Kenji Yasuda
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda University, 3-14-9 Ookubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan.
- Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABOIS), Helios, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore.
- Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
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Hazell L, Raschi E, Ponti F, Thomas SHL, Salvo F, Ahlberg Helgee E, Boyer S, Sturkenboom M, Shakir S. Evidence for the hERG Liability of Antihistamines, Antipsychotics, and Anti‐Infective Agents: A Systematic Literature Review From the ARITMO Project. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 57:558-572. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Hazell
- Drug Safety Research Unit Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Emanuel Raschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ponti
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Simon H. L. Thomas
- Institute of Cellular MedicineFaculty of MedicineNewcastle University Newcastle United Kingdom
| | | | - Ernst Ahlberg Helgee
- Drug Safety and MetabolismAstraZeneca Innovative Medicines and Early Development Mölndal Sweden
| | - Scott Boyer
- Computational Toxicology, Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center Södertälje Sweden
| | | | - Saad Shakir
- Drug Safety Research Unit Southampton United Kingdom
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Takasuna K, Asakura K, Araki S, Ando H, Kazusa K, Kitaguchi T, Kunimatsu T, Suzuki S, Miyamoto N. Comprehensive in vitro cardiac safety assessment using human stem cell technology: Overview of CSAHi HEART initiative. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 83:42-54. [PMID: 27646297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent increasing evidence suggests that the currently-used platforms in vitro IKr and APD, and/or in vivo QT assays are not fully predictive for TdP, and do not address potential arrhythmia (VT and/or VF) induced by diverse mechanisms of action. In addition, other cardiac safety liabilities such as functional dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling (contractility) and structural damage (morphological damage to cardiomyocytes) are also major causes of drug attrition, but current in vitro assays do not cover all these liabilities. We organized the Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi; http://csahi.org/en/), based on the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), to verify the application of human iPS/ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes in drug safety evaluation. The main goal of the CSAHi HEART team has been to propose comprehensive screening strategies to predict a diverse range of cardiotoxicities by using recently introduced platforms (multi-electrode array (MEA), patch clamp, cellular impedance, motion field imaging [MFI], and Ca transient systems) while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each. Our study shows that hiPS-CMs used in these platforms have pharmacological responses more relevant to humans in comparison with existent hERG, APD or Langendorff (MAPD/contraction) assays, and not only MEA but also other methods such as impedance, MFI, and Ca transient systems would offer paradigm changes of platforms for predicting drug-induced QT risk and/or arrhythmia or contractile dysfunctions. Furthermore, we propose a potential multi-parametric platform in which field potential (MEA)-Ca transient-contraction (MFI) could be evaluated simultaneously as an ideal novel platform for predicting a diversity of cardiac toxicities, namely whole effects on the excitation-contraction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Asakura
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research Labs., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Araki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ando
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kazusa
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaguchi
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kunimatsu
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Suzuki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Dept., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Miyamoto
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit Medicine Development Center Eisai Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Tanaka H, Takahashi Y, Hamaguchi S, Iida-Tanaka N, Oka T, Nishio M, Ohtsuki A, Namekata I. Effect of Terfenadine and Pentamidine on the hERG Channel and Its Intracellular Trafficking: Combined Analysis with Automated Voltage Clamp and Confocal Microscopy. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1826-30. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Yukiko Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Shogo Hamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Takayuki Oka
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Masato Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Atsushi Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Iyuki Namekata
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Townsend C, Brown BS. Predicting drug-induced QT prolongation and torsades de pointes: a review of preclinical endpoint measures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Chapter 10:Unit 10.16. [PMID: 23744708 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1016s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Compound-induced prolongation of the cardiac QT interval is a major concern in drug development and this unit discusses approaches that can predict QT effects prior to undertaking clinical trials. The majority of compounds that prolong the QT interval block the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr (hERG). Described in this overview are different ways to measure hERG, from recent advances in automated electrophysiology to the quantification of channel protein trafficking and binding. The contribution of other cardiac ion channels to hERG data interpretation is also discussed. In addition, endpoint measures of the integrated activity of cardiac ion channels at the single-cell, tissue, and whole-animal level, including for example the well-established action potential to the more recent beat-to-beat variability, transmural dispersion of repolarization, and field potential duration, are described in the context of their ability to predict QT prolongation and torsadogenicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Townsend
- GlaxoSmithKline Biological Reagents and Assay Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Navarrete EG, Liang P, Lan F, Sanchez-Freire V, Simmons C, Gong T, Sharma A, Burridge PW, Patlolla B, Lee AS, Wu H, Beygui RE, Wu SM, Robbins RC, Bers DM, Wu JC. Screening drug-induced arrhythmia [corrected] using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and low-impedance microelectrode arrays. Circulation 2013; 128:S3-13. [PMID: 24030418 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced arrhythmia is one of the most common causes of drug development failure and withdrawal from market. This study tested whether human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) combined with a low-impedance microelectrode array (MEA) system could improve on industry-standard preclinical cardiotoxicity screening methods, identify the effects of well-characterized drugs, and elucidate underlying risk factors for drug-induced arrhythmia. hiPSC-CMs may be advantageous over immortalized cell lines because they possess similar functional characteristics as primary human cardiomyocytes and can be generated in unlimited quantities. METHODS AND RESULTS Pharmacological responses of beating embryoid bodies exposed to a comprehensive panel of drugs at 65 to 95 days postinduction were determined. Responses of hiPSC-CMs to drugs were qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the reported drug effects in literature. Torsadogenic hERG blockers, such as sotalol and quinidine, produced statistically and physiologically significant effects, consistent with patch-clamp studies, on human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes hESC-CMs. False-negative and false-positive hERG blockers were identified accurately. Consistent with published studies using animal models, early afterdepolarizations and ectopic beats were observed in 33% and 40% of embryoid bodies treated with sotalol and quinidine, respectively, compared with negligible early afterdepolarizations and ectopic beats in untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS We found that drug-induced arrhythmias can be recapitulated in hiPSC-CMs and documented with low impedance MEA. Our data indicate that the MEA/hiPSC-CM assay is a sensitive, robust, and efficient platform for testing drug effectiveness and for arrhythmia screening. This system may hold great potential for reducing drug development costs and may provide significant advantages over current industry standard assays that use immortalized cell lines or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique G Navarrete
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (E.G.N., P.L., F.L., V.S.-F., T.G., A.S., P.W.B., A.S.L., H.W., S.M.W., J.C.W.); Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA (E.G.N., P.L., F.L., V.S.-F., T.G., A.S., P.W.B., A.S.L., H.W., S.M.W.); Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA (E.G.N., P.L., F.L., V.S.-F., C.S., T.G., P.W.B., B.P., A.S.L., H.W., R.E.B., S.M.W., R.C.R., J.C.W.); Department of Radiology, Stanford, CA (E.G.N., P.L., F.L., V.S.-F., T.G., P.W.B., A.S.L., H.W., J.C.W.); School of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford, CA (C.S.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford, CA (B.P., R.E.B., R.C.R.); Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA (D.M.B.)
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Harris K, Aylott M, Cui Y, Louttit JB, McMahon NC, Sridhar A. Comparison of Electrophysiological Data From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes to Functional Preclinical Safety Assays. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:412-26. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Lu HR, Hermans AN, Gallacher DJ. Does terfenadine-induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation directly relate to its QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes? Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1490-502. [PMID: 22300168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01880.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Terfenadine has been reported to cause cardiac death. Hence, we investigated its pro-arrhythmic potential in various in vitro models. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pro-arrhythmic effects of terfenadine were investigated in rabbit isolated hearts and left ventricular wedge preparations. Also, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we examined its effect on the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) current in HEK293 cells transfected with hERG and on the I(Na) current in rabbit ventricular cells and human atrial myocytes. KEY RESULTS Terfenadine concentration- and use-dependently inhibited I(Na) in rabbit myocytes and in human atrial myocytes and also inhibited the hERG. In both the rabbit left ventricular wedge and heart preparations, terfenadine at 1 µM only slightly prolonged the QT- and JT-intervals but at 10 µM, it caused a marked widening of the QRS complex, cardiac wavelength shortening, incidences of in-excitability and non-TdP-like ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) without prolongation of the QT/JT-interval. At 10 µM terfenadine elicited a lower incidence of early afterdepolarizations versus non- Torsades de Pointes (TdP)-like VT/VF (100% incidence), and did not induce TdPs. Although the concentration of terfenadine in the tissue-bath was low, it accumulated within the heart tissue. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that: (i) the induction of non-TdP-like VT/VF, which is caused by slowing of conduction via blockade of I(Na) (like Class Ic flecainide), may constitute a more important risk for terfenadine-induced cardiac death; (ii) although terfenadine is a potent hERG blocker, the risk for non-TdP-like VT/VF exceeds the risk for TdPs; and (iii) cardiac wavelength (λ) could serve as a biomarker to predict terfenadine-induced VT/VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Rong Lu
- Center of Excellence for Cardiovascular Safety Research and Mechanistic Pharmacology, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.
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Takahara A, Fujiwara K, Ohtsuki A, Oka T, Namekata I, Tanaka H. Effects of the antitussive drug cloperastine on ventricular repolarization in halothane-anesthetized guinea pigs. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 120:165-75. [PMID: 23047467 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12117fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloperastine is an antitussive drug, which can be received as an over-the-counter cold medicine. The chemical structure of cloperastine is quite similar to that of the antihistamine drug diphenhydramine, which is reported to inhibit hERG K⁺ channels and clinically induce long QT syndrome after overdose. To analyze its proarrhythmic potential, we compared effects of cloperastine and diphenhydramine on the hERG K⁺ channels expressed in HEK293 cells. We further assessed their effects on the halothane-anesthetized guinea-pig heart under the monitoring of monophasic action potential (MAP) of the ventricle. Cloperastine inhibited the hERG K⁺ currents in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 0.027 μM, whose potency was 100 times greater than that of diphenhydramine (IC₅₀; 2.7 μM). In the anesthetized guinea pigs, cloperastine at a therapeutic dose of 1 mg/kg prolonged the QT interval and MAP duration without affecting PR interval or QRS width. Diphenhydramine at a therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg prolonged the QT interval and MAP duration together with increase in PR interval and QRS width. The present results suggest that cloperastine may be categorized as a QT-prolonging drug that possibly induces arrhythmia at overdoses like diphenhydramine does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
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Guo L, Abrams RMC, Babiarz JE, Cohen JD, Kameoka S, Sanders MJ, Chiao E, Kolaja KL. Estimating the risk of drug-induced proarrhythmia using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:281-9. [PMID: 21693436 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved in vitro systems for predicting drug-induced toxicity are needed in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to decrease late-stage drug attrition. One unmet need is an early screen for cardiotoxicity, which accounts for about one third of safety-based withdrawn pharmaceuticals. Herein, the first published report of a high-throughput functional assay employing a monolayer of beating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) is described, detailing a model that accurately detects drug-induced cardiac abnormalities. Using 96-well plates with interdigitated electrode arrays that assess impedance, the rhythmic, synchronous contractions of the iPSC-CMs were detected. Treatment of the iPSC-CMs with 28 different compounds with known cardiac effects resulted in compound-specific changes in the beat rate and/or the amplitude of the impedance measurement. Changes in impedance for the compounds tested were comparable with the results from a related technology, electric field potential assessment obtained from microelectrode arrays. Using the results from the set of compounds, an index of drug-induced arrhythmias was calculated, enabling the determination of a drug's proarrhythmic potential. This system of interrogating human cardiac function in vitro opens new opportunities for predicting cardiac toxicity and studying cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Early and Investigative Safety, Nonclinical Safety, Hoffmann-La Roche, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, USA
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Drug-Induced QTC Prolongation Dangerously Underestimates Proarrhythmic Potential: Lessons From Terfenadine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2011; 57:589-97. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182135e91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jeon SH, Jaekal J, Lee SH, Choi BH, Kim KS, Jeong HS, Han SY, Kim EJ. Effects of nortriptyline on QT prolongation: a safety pharmacology study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1649-56. [PMID: 21262863 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110396528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nortriptyline, a second-generation tricyclic antidepressant, is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. Amitriptyline induces QT prolongation and torsades de pointes (TdP), which causes sudden death. We studied the cardiovascular safety of nortriptyline, including QT prolongation risk. We examined the effects of nortriptyline on the cardiovascular system in vivo and in vitro in accordance with the ICH-S7B guideline. We tested its effect on QT interval in conscious telemetered dogs. We also performed in vitro electrophysiological studies on hERG tail currents using stably transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Action potential parameters were studied in isolated rabbit purkinje fibers. Nortriptyline dose-dependently blocked hERG current, with a tail IC(50) value of 2.20 ± 0.09 μM (n = 4). In the APD assay, total amplitude, Vmax, and resting membrane potential were not significantly changed by 1 μM nortriptyline, but nortriptyline at 0.3 and 1 μM shortened APD(50) and APD(90). Nortriptyline did not affect QTcV at 2 or 6 mg/kg, but slightly increased QTcV at 20 mg/kg. In conclusion, it is unlikely that nortriptyline affects the ventricular repolarization process at therapeutic dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Hee Jeon
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Korea
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Nouchi H, Kiryu N, Kimata M, Tsuneoka Y, Hamaguchi S, Namekata I, Takahara A, Shigenobu K, Tanaka H. Developmental Changes in Action Potential Prolongation by K+-Channel Blockers in Chick Myocardium. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:235-238. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10205sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Peng S, Lacerda AE, Kirsch GE, Brown AM, Bruening-Wright A. The action potential and comparative pharmacology of stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:277-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abi-Gerges N, Valentin JP, Pollard CE. Dog left ventricular midmyocardial myocytes for assessment of drug-induced delayed repolarization: short-term variability and proarrhythmic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:77-92. [PMID: 19663882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evaluation of the potential for delayed ventricular repolarization and proarrhythmia by new drugs is essential. We investigated if dog left ventricular midmyocardial myocytes (LVMMs) that can be used as a preclinical model to assess drug effects on action potential duration (APD) and whether in these cells, short-term variability (STV) or triangulation could predict proarrhythmic potential. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Beagle LVMMs and Purkinje fibres (PFs) were used to record APs. Effects of six reference drugs were assessed on APD at 50% (APD(50)) and 90% (APD(90)) of repolarization, STV(APD), triangulation (ratio APD(90)/APD(50)) and incidence of early afterdepolarizations (EADs) at 1 and 0.5 Hz. KEY RESULTS LVMMs provided stable recordings of AP, which were not affected by four sequential additions of dimethyl sulphoxide. Effects of dofetilide, d-sotalol, cisapride, pinacidil and diltiazem, but not of terfenadine, on APD in LVMMs were found to be comparable with those recorded in PFs. LVMMs, but not PFs, exhibited a proarrhythmic response to I(Kr) blockers. Incidence of EADs was not related to differences in AP prolongation or triangulation, but corresponded to beat-to-beat variability of repolarization, here quantified as STV of APD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS LVMMs provide a suitable preclinical model to assess the effects of new drugs on APD and also yield additional information about putative indicators of proarrhythmia that add value to an integrated QT/TdP risk assessment. Our findings support the concept that increased STV(APD) may predict drug-induced proarrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najah Abi-Gerges
- Safety Pharmacology Department, Safety Assessment UK, AstraZeneca R&D, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
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Terrar DA, Wilson CM, Graham SG, Bryant SM, Heath BM. Comparison of guinea-pig ventricular myocytes and dog Purkinje fibres for in vitro assessment of drug-induced delayed repolarization. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007; 56:171-85. [PMID: 17596973 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION QT interval prolongation and Torsade de Pointes (TdP) arrhythmias are recognised as a potential risk with many drugs, most of which delay cardiac repolarization by inhibiting the rapidly activating K(+) current (I(Kr)). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of compounds on cardiac action potentials recorded from guinea-pig ventricular myocytes and dog Purkinje fibres. METHODS AND RESULTS Effects of dofetilide, sotalol, cisapride, terfenadine, haloperidol and sparfloxacin, compounds known to cause QT prolongation (positive controls), and nifedipine and verapamil, not associated with QT prolongation (negative controls) were studied on intracellular action potentials recorded from guinea-pig isolated ventricular myocytes (VM) and dog isolated Purkinje fibres (PF). Prolongation of action potential duration (APD) by sotalol, dofetilide and sparfloxacin was concentration-dependent and of greater magnitude in dog PF compared to guinea-pig VM. The maximum prolongation of APD in guinea-pig VM at 0.5 and 1 Hz was approximately 25% and this was associated with complete inhibition of I(Kr) by dofetilide. Effects on APD of cisapride and haloperidol in both preparations, and terfenadine in guinea-pig VM, were biphasic, consistent with inhibition of multiple ion channels. There was no effect of terfenadine on APD in dog PF. Haloperidol increased APD by more than 25% in guinea-pig VM, consistent with effects on additional repolarizing currents. The negative controls shortened APD to a greater extent in guinea-pig VM compared to dog PF. In general, the positive control drugs increased action potential triangulation (APD(40-90)) to a greater extent than APD(90). CONCLUSION Guinea-pig isolated VM may be more sensitive for detecting APD prolongation with compounds inhibiting multiple ion channels and action potential triangulation (APD(40-90)). Effects on repolarizing currents other than I(Kr) were also distinguished in guinea-pig VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Terrar
- University Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom.
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Takahara A, Sugiyama A, Ishida Y, Satoh Y, Wang K, Nakamura Y, Hashimoto K. Long-term bradycardia caused by atrioventricular block can remodel the canine heart to detect the histamine H1 blocker terfenadine-induced torsades de pointes arrhythmias. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147:634-41. [PMID: 16314854 PMCID: PMC1751346 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a second-generation histamine H(1) blocker terfenadine induced torsades de pointes (TdP) arrhythmias in patients via the blockade of a rapid component of delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kr)), such action of terfenadine has not been detected in previous animal models. We analysed the potential of the canine persistent atrioventricular block heart, a new in vivo proarrhythmia model, to detect a torsadogenic effect of terfenadine of an oral dose of 3 or 30 mg kg(-1). The doses can provide therapeutic to supra-therapeutic plasma concentrations as an anti-histamine. In 2 weeks of bradycardiac heart model, there were no significant changes in any of the electrocardiogram parameters after the administration of both doses of terfenadine. In 4-6 weeks of bradycardiac heart model, the low dose of terfenadine hardly affected any of the electrocardiogram parameters except that it induced TdP in one out of six animals. The high dose significantly decreased the atrial rate and ventricular rate, prolonged the QT interval, and induced TdP in five out of six animals. Moreover, temporal variability of repolarization increased after the high-dose administration. These results suggest that long-term bradycardia caused by atrioventricular block can remodel the canine heart to detect terfenadine-induced TdP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yoshioki Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Matsuda T, Ito M, Ishimaru S, Tsuruoka N, Saito T, Iida-Tanaka N, Hashimoto N, Yamashita T, Tsuruzoe N, Tanaka H, Shigenobu K. Blockade by NIP-142, an Antiarrhythmic Agent, of Carbachol-Induced Atrial Action Potential Shortening and GIRK1/4 Channel. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 101:303-10. [PMID: 16891768 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms for the atria-specific action potential-prolonging action of NIP-142 ((3R*,4S*)-4-cyclopropylamino-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-(4-methoxyphenylacetylamino)-7-nitro-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ol), a benzopyran compound that terminates experimental atrial arrhythmia, was examined. In isolated guinea-pig atrial tissue, NIP-142 reversed the shortening of action potential duration induced by either carbachol or adenosine. These effects were mimicked by tertiapin, but not by E-4031. NIP-142 concentration-dependently blocked the human G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel current (GIRK1/4 channel current) expressed in HEK-293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.64 microM. At higher concentrations, NIP-142 blocked the human ether a go-go related gene (HERG) channel current with an EC50 value of 44 microM. In isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles, NIP-142 had no effect on the negative inotropic effect of carbachol under beta-adrenergic stimulation, indicating lack of effect on the muscarinic receptor and Gi protein. These results suggest that NIP-142 directly inhibits the acetylcholine-activated potassium current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
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Yu Y, Yu BP, Wang FQ. Expression of ether-a-go-go-related gene in gastrointestinal tract of normal CD1 mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:1842-1845. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i15.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of ether-a-go-go-related gene (ERG) mRNA and protein and its different distributions in the gastrointestinal tract of CD1 mice.
METHODS: The expression of ERG K+ current related protein was examined by immunohistochemistry and the expression of ERG mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization in the tissues of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon from adult CD1 mice. Then the distribution of ERG was analyzed.
RESULTS: ERG was positively expressed in all the tissues of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon. The positive cells mainly distributed in the muscular layer. A small number of positive cells distributed in the mucosa and chorion. The levels of ERG expression in stomach and colon were significantly higher than those in jejunum and ileum (4.30±0.95, 3.60±0.70 vs2.70±0.82, 2.30±1.06; P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: ERG is expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of CD1 mice. Furthermore, the expression is differential at different sites.
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Hayashi S, Kii Y, Tabo M, Fukuda H, Itoh T, Shimosato T, Amano H, Saito M, Morimoto H, Yamada K, Kanda A, Ishitsuka T, Yamazaki T, Kiuchi Y, Taniguchi S, Mori T, Shimizu S, Tsurubuchi Y, Yasuda SI, Kitani SI, Shimada C, Kobayashi K, Komeno M, Kasai C, Hombo T, Yamamoto K. QT PRODACT: A Multi-site Study of In Vitro Action Potential Assays on 21 Compounds in Isolated Guinea-Pig Papillary Muscles. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 99:423-37. [PMID: 16493184 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.qt-a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To construct a non-clinical database for drug-induced QT interval prolongation, the electrophysiological effects of 11 positive and 10 negative compounds on action potentials (AP) in guinea-pig papillary muscles were investigated in a multi-site study according to a standard protocol. Compounds with a selective inhibitory effect on the rapidly activated delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) prolonged action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) in a concentration-dependent manner, those showing Ca2+ current (ICa) inhibition shortened APD30, and those showing Na+ current (INa) inhibition decreased action potential amplitude (APA) and Vmax. Some of the mixed ion-channel blockers showed a bell-shaped concentration-response curve for APD90, probably due to their blockade of INa and/or ICa, sometimes leading to a false-negative result in the assay. In contrast, all positive compounds except for terfenadine and all negative compounds with IKr-blocking activity prolonged APD30-90 regardless of their INa- and/or ICa-blocking activities, suggesting that APD30-90 is a useful parameter for evaluating the IKr-blocking activity of test compounds. Furthermore, the assay is highly informative regarding the modulation of cardiac ion channels by test compounds. Therefore, when APD90 and APD30-90 are both measured, the action potential assay can be considered a useful method for assessing the risk of QT interval prolongation in humans in non-clinical safety pharmacology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Hayashi
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA)/QT PRODACT, Tokyo, Japan.
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