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Yang Y, Du Y, Cui B. Polyphenols targeting multiple molecular targets and pathways for the treatment of vitiligo. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387329. [PMID: 39119340 PMCID: PMC11306171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo, a pigmentary autoimmune disorder, is marked by the selective loss of melanocytes in the skin, leading to the appearance of depigmented patches. The principal pathological mechanism is the melanocyte destruction mediated by CD8+ T cells, modulated by oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. Vitiligo affects both physical health and psychological well-being, diminishing the quality of life. Polyphenols, naturally occurring compounds with diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, have demonstrated efficacy in managing various dermatological conditions through multiple pathways. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of vitiligo and the therapeutic potential of natural polyphenolic compounds. We examine the roles of various polyphenols in vitiligo management through antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, melanogenesis promotion, and apoptosis reduction. The review underscores the need for further investigation into the precise molecular mechanisms of these compounds in vitiligo treatment and the exploration of their combination with current therapies to augment therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingnan Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Zhuang Y, Quan W, Wang X, Cheng Y, Jiao Y. Comprehensive Review of EGCG Modification: Esterification Methods and Their Impacts on Biological Activities. Foods 2024; 13:1232. [PMID: 38672904 PMCID: PMC11048832 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the key constituent of tea polyphenols, presents challenges in terms of its lipid solubility, stability, and bioavailability because of its polyhydroxy structure. Consequently, structural modifications are imperative to enhance its efficacy. This paper comprehensively reviews the esterification techniques applied to EGCG over the past two decades and their impacts on bioactivities. Both chemical and enzymatic esterification methods involve catalysts, solvents, and hydrophobic groups as critical factors. Although the chemical method is cost-efficient, it poses challenges in purification; on the other hand, the enzymatic approach offers improved selectivity and simplified purification processes. The biological functions of EGCG are inevitably influenced by the structural changes incurred through esterification. The antioxidant capacity of EGCG derivatives can be compromised under certain conditions by reducing hydroxyl groups, while enhancing lipid solubility and stability can strengthen their antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. Additionally, esterification broadens the utility of EGCG in food applications. This review provides critical insights into developing cost-effective and environmentally sustainable selective esterification methods, as well as emphasizes the elucidation of the bioactive mechanisms of EGCG derivatives to facilitate their widespread adoption in food processing, healthcare products, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Zhuang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei Quan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Xufeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yunhui Cheng
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ye Jiao
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (Y.Z.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
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Ferreira C, Vieira P, Sá H, Malva J, Castelo-Branco M, Reis F, Viana S. Polyphenols: immunonutrients tipping the balance of immunometabolism in chronic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360065. [PMID: 38558823 PMCID: PMC10978763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence progressively appreciates the vital interplay between immunity and metabolism in a wide array of immunometabolic chronic disorders, both autoimmune and non-autoimmune mediated. The immune system regulates the functioning of cellular metabolism within organs like the brain, pancreas and/or adipose tissue by sensing and adapting to fluctuations in the microenvironment's nutrients, thereby reshaping metabolic pathways that greatly impact a pro- or anti-inflammatory immunophenotype. While it is agreed that the immune system relies on an adequate nutritional status to function properly, we are only just starting to understand how the supply of single or combined nutrients, all of them termed immunonutrients, can steer immune cells towards a less inflamed, tolerogenic immunophenotype. Polyphenols, a class of secondary metabolites abundant in Mediterranean foods, are pharmacologically active natural products with outstanding immunomodulatory actions. Upon binding to a range of receptors highly expressed in immune cells (e.g. AhR, RAR, RLR), they act in immunometabolic pathways through a mitochondria-centered multi-modal approach. First, polyphenols activate nutrient sensing via stress-response pathways, essential for immune responses. Second, they regulate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) balance in immune cells and are well-tolerated caloric restriction mimetics. Third, polyphenols interfere with the assembly of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, inhibiting its activation while improving mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Finally, polyphenols impact chromatin remodeling and coordinates both epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. This work moves beyond the well-documented antioxidant properties of polyphenols, offering new insights into the multifaceted nature of these compounds. It proposes a mechanistical appraisal on the regulatory pathways through which polyphenols modulate the immune response, thereby alleviating chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, it draws parallels between pharmacological interventions and polyphenol-based immunonutrition in their modes of immunomodulation across a wide spectrum of socioeconomically impactful immunometabolic diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Diabetes (type 1 and 2) or even Alzheimer's disease. Lastly, it discusses the existing challenges that thwart the translation of polyphenols-based immunonutritional interventions into long-term clinical studies. Overcoming these limitations will undoubtedly pave the way for improving precision nutrition protocols and provide personalized guidance on tailored polyphenol-based immunonutrition plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vieira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Sá
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Malva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT)/Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
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Jin R, Hu W, Zhou M, Lin F, Xu A. Caffeic acid derivative WSY6 protects melanocytes from oxidative stress by reducing ROS production and MAPK activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24843. [PMID: 38304822 PMCID: PMC10831733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vitiligo is a chronic depigmentation disease caused by a loss of functioning melanocytes and melanin from the epidermis. Oxidative stress-induced damage to melanocytes is key in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. WSY6 is a caffeic acid derivative synthesized from epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). This study is to investigate whether the new chemical WSY6 protected melanocytes from H2O2-induced cell damage and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. Patients and methods The present study compared the antioxidative potential of WSY6 with EGCG in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated PIG1 cells. Western blotting was used to study the protein expression of cyto-c, cleaved-caspase3, cleaved-caspase9, and the activation of MAPK family members, including p38, ERK1/2, JNK and their phosphorylation in melanocytes. ROS assay kit to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species production; CCK8 and lactate dehydrogenase leak assay to detect cytotoxicity. Results EGCG and WSY6 ameliorated H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in PIG1 cells in a does-dependent manner, while WSY6 was much more effective. WSY6 reduced cellular ROS production, cytochrome c release, downregulated caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. MAPK pathway signaling including phosphorylated p38, ERK and JNK were observed under oxidative stress and can be much protected by pre-treatment of WSY6. Conclusion These results indicated that WSY6 could be a more powerful antioxidant than EGCG and protect melanocytes against oxidative cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miaoni Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Fuquan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
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Ni Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Zhao L, Wu B, Ye J. The effect of antioxidant dietary supplements and diet-derived circulating antioxidants on vitiligo outcome: evidence from genetic association and comprehensive Mendelian randomization. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1280162. [PMID: 38274214 PMCID: PMC10808665 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1280162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have indicated that antioxidant diets may have a positive impact on vitiligo by interfering with oxidative stress mechanisms. However, there has been a lack of research utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to analyze the relationship between antioxidant diet intake and vitiligo. Methods In this study, we employed both univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) approaches. The specific antioxidant dietary supplements (such as coffee intake, green tea intake, herbal tea intake, standard tea intake, and average weekly red wine intake) as well as diet-derived circulating antioxidants, including Vit. C (ascorbate), Vit. E (α-tocopherol), Vit. E (γ-tocopherol), Carotene, Vit. A (retinol), Zinc, and Selenium (N = 2,603-428,860) were significantly associated with independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We obtained pooled statistics on vitiligo from a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European ancestry, including 4,680 cases and 39,586 controls. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was employed as the primary analytical method, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings. Results Genetically, coffee intake [odds ratio (OR) = 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.37, p = 1.57 × 10-5], average weekly red wine intake (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-1.00, p = 0.049), and standard tea intake (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-0.99, p = 5.66 × 10-7) were identified as protective factors against vitiligo. However, no causal effect between the intake of other antioxidant diets and vitiligo was found. Moreover, no instances of pleiotropy or heterogeneity were observed in this study. Conclusion Our study indicates that coffee, standard tea, and red wine consumption can potentially reduce the risk of vitiligo. However, there is insufficient evidence to support that other antioxidant diets have a significant effect on vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ni
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Youqian Zhang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jingying Sun
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyi Zhao
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianzhou Ye
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Wang W, Xu D, Huang Y, Tao X, Fan Y, Li Z, Ding X. Identification of the role of autophagy-related TNFSF10/ hsa-let-7a-5p axis in vitiligo development and potential herbs exploring based on a bioinformatics analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23220. [PMID: 38149194 PMCID: PMC10750083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is a common clinical disorder caused by the destruction of epidermal melanocytes, which is often associated with autoimmune mechanisms. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and exhibits close associations with various autoimmune disorders. While dysautophagy of melanocytes is associated with vitiligo pathogenesis, there is a lack of studies on autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in blood samples from individuals with vitiligo. Methods Blood samples from individuals with vitiligo and healthy controls were compared to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were subsequently subjected to further analysis. Then, miRNAs correlated with core genes were predicted by five distinct online tools, and those miRNAs that appeared in three or more tools at the same time were chosen for further enrichment analysis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments of targeting core genes were conducted. Results The results showed that there were a total of 30 ARGs among DEGs, with 13 up-regulated genes and 17 down-regulated genes. Based on the functional enrichment analysis of DEGs and projected miRNAs, we hypothesized that autophagy and apoptosis may synergistically contribute to the progression of vitiligo, with the TNFSF10/hsa-let-7a-5p axis potentially playing an important role that should not be ignored. In addition, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was found to be the common component in BAI GUO, CHA YE, and MEI ZHOU JIN LV MEI, which were discovered to be potential in vitiligo treatment by inducing cell autophagy and apoptosis targeting TNFSF10. Conclusion It was the first time that TNFSF/hsa-let-7a-5p was discovered to be involved in the development of vitiligo through autophagy and apoptosis. Meanwhile, we observed that BAI GUO, CHA YE, and MEI ZHOU JIN LV MEI were promising to treat vitiligo by regulating autophagy and apoptosis via TNFSF10. These findings could lead to new directions for investigating the pathogenesis and therapy of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Youming Huang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ding
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
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Wu H, Niu C, Aisa HA. Research Progress of Small Molecules as Anti-vitiligo Agents. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-129498. [PMID: 36786141 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230214103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disease characterized by skin discoloration, and no safe and effective drugs have been developed until now. New drug research and development are imminent. This article reviews the research on small-molecule drugs for vitiligo from 1990 to 2021 at home and abroad. They are classified according to their structures and mechanisms of action, including natural products and derivatives, anti-oxidative stress drugs, immunosuppressants, prostaglandins, etc. The research on their anti-vitiligo activity, structural modification, new dosage forms, clinical trials, and the development trend in new anti-vitiligo drugs are reviewed, which provides important references for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
| | - Chao Niu
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang indigenous medicinal plants resource utilization, CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Ürümqi China
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Di Bartolomeo L, Custurone P, Irrera N, Borgia F, Vaccaro F, Squadrito F, Vaccaro M. Vitiligo and Mental Health: Natural Compounds' Usefulness. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010176. [PMID: 36671038 PMCID: PMC9854903 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune dermatosis frequently associated with other comorbidities, such as mental health disorders. It is unclear if vitiligo triggers mental disorders or if mental disorders trigger vitiligo, but each one affects and worsen the other, if present at the same time. Both mental health disorders and vitiligo present a multifactorial pathogenesis and often require prolonged periods of therapy, sometimes with poor results. Given the possible link of common pathogenetic factors and the need of integrated therapies, the aim of this review is to look at natural compounds as possible supplements for both conditions. The results yielded show a possible role of these supplements in ameliorating both conditions, thus helping these patients to achieve a better quality of life and reduce the need for prolonged therapies. The limitations regarding the relative lack of in vivo studies, and the increasing need to lighten the burden of these chronic diseases, suggests that it is mandatory to proceed with further trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Custurone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Vaccaro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Qadir A, Ullah SNMN, Jahan S, Ali A, Khan N. Drug delivery of natural products through nano-carriers for effective vitiligo therapy: A compendia review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5386-5404. [PMID: 35699364 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a depigmenting illness that causes white areas on the skin. Vitiligo's pathogenetic genesis is based on the melanocyte's autoimmune destruction, in which oxidative stress causes melanocyte molecular, organelle, and exposure of antigen, as well as melanocyte cell death, and so plays a role in vitiligo progression. Natural compounds have recently shown a wide range of therapeutic bioactivities against a number of skin disorders. AIM The aim of this work is drug delivery of natural products through nano-carriers for effective vitiligo therapy: A compendia review. METHODS & MATERIALS An online literature analysis was guided for vitiligo therapy, nanotechnology, phytochemical composition, and, types of vitiligo, types of nanomedicine. Appropriate information were taken from different electronic scientific databases such as Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, PubMed, and scripts. RESULTS Nano-carriers-based natural compounds provide a great relationship for the enhancement in the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of vitiligo. DISCUSSION In this study focuses on natural compounds' effects and processes on vitiligo models. Although topical therapy plays an important role in vitiligo treatment, its utility and patient compliance are hampered by adverse effects or inadequate efficacy. Novel drug delivery techniques can help improve topical medication delivery by improving epidermal localization, reducing side effects, and increasing effectiveness. CONCLUSION This paper covers the significant potential of herbal-derived active compounds as anti-vitiligo drugs, as well as new drug delivery as a viable carrier and future possibilities to investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Research and Developments, Herbalfarm Health Care Private Limited, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Samreen Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nausheen Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Hu W, Jin R, Lin F, Lei J, Ma Y, Xu AE. Repigmentation in two patients with vitiligo on AcEGCG 0.5% cream. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1760-1761. [PMID: 35731108 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Per-acetylated epigallocatechin-3-gallate (AcEGCG), a fully acetylated derivative of EGCG, a more potent agent for protection of melanocytes from oxidative damage. We present two patients with vitiligo treated with AcEGCG 0.5% cream, who demonstrated skin repigmentation and control of depigmentation progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuquan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehao Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-E Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Uma Reddy B, Routhu NK, Kumar A. Multifaceted role of plant derived small molecule inhibitors on replication cycle of sars-cov-2. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105512. [PMID: 35381324 PMCID: PMC8976571 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected public health and the economy globally. Currently approved vaccines and other drug candidates could be associated with several drawbacks which urges developing alternative therapeutic approaches. Aim To provide a comprehensive review of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of plants and their bioactive compounds. Methods Information was gathered from diverse bibliographic platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Results The present review highlights the potential roles of crude extracts of plants as well as plant-derived small molecules in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting viral or host factors essential for viral entry, polyprotein processing, replication, assembly and release. Their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as plant-based therapies that are under development in the clinical trial phases-1 to 3 are also covered. Conclusion This knowledge could further help understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-viral mechanisms of plant-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Uma Reddy
- Department of Studies in Botany, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Ballari, 583105, India.
| | - Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, 69008, France.
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12
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Lubov JE, Jamison AS, Baltich Nelson B, Amudzi AA, Haas KN, Richmond JM. Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:802624. [PMID: 35431950 PMCID: PMC9008762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.802624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders that significantly impact quality of life. Current treatment approaches typically use antimalarial medications, though patients may become recalcitrant. Other treatment options include general immunosuppressants, highlighting the need for more and more targeted treatment options. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify potential compounds that could be repurposed for CLE from natural products since many rheumatologic drugs are derived from natural products, including antimalarials. This study was registered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42021251048). We comprehensively searched Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception to April 27th, 2021. These terms included cutaneous lupus erythematosus; general plant, fungus, bacteria terminology; selected plants and plant-derived products; selected antimalarials; and JAK inhibitors. Our search yielded 13,970 studies, of which 1,362 were duplicates. We screened 12,608 abstracts, found 12,043 to be irrelevant, and assessed 565 full-text studies for eligibility. Of these, 506 were excluded, and 59 studies were included in the data extraction. The ROBINS-I risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess studies that met our inclusion criteria. According to our findings, several natural compounds do reduce inflammation in lupus and other autoimmune skin diseases in studies using in vitro methods, mouse models, and clinical observational studies, along with a few randomized clinical trials. Our study has cataloged evidence in support of potential natural compounds and plant extracts that could serve as novel sources of active ingredients for the treatment of CLE. It is imperative that further studies in mice and humans are conducted to validate these findings. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=251048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Lubov
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Janet E. Lubov, ; Jillian M. Richmond,
| | - Aisha S. Jamison
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, United States
| | | | - Alice A. Amudzi
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Kelly N. Haas
- Department of Microbiology, UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Janet E. Lubov, ; Jillian M. Richmond,
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13
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Sun X, Wang T, Huang B, Ruan G, Huang J, Xu A. MicroRNA-637 Relieves Oxidative Damage in Human Melanocytes Through Down-Regulating Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 Expression. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo, a chronic, autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, caused by the disappearance of epidermal melanocytes, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Although emerging evidence demonstrated that abnormal regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with
the pathogenesis of diseases, the functions of miR-637 in vitiligo remain unclear. Objective: This research was designed to explore the potential roles of miR-637 in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced human primary melanocytes in vitiligo. Methods: Human primary
melanocytes were induced by 250 μmol/L H2O2 for 4 h to establish oxidative injury of melanocytes model. Cell viability and apoptosis analyzed by MTT and flow cytometry assay, respectively. The relevance between miR-637 and transient receptor potential melastatin
2 (TRPM2) was checked using TargetScan and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of miR-637 and TRPM2 was evaluated using qRT-PCR and/or Western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured using
specific assay kits. In addition, the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were evaluated using Western blot assay. Results: TRPM2 was up-regulated, while miR-637 was down-regulated in H2O2-stimulated human primary melanocytes. TRPM2 directly interacted with miR-637. Up-regulation
of miR-637 memorably increased miR-637 level and inhibited TRPM2 expression. Furthermore, miR-637 mimic fortified cell viability, reduced apoptotic cells, enhanced Bcl-2 expression, reduced Bax level, as well as inhibited the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in H2O2-induced melanocytes.
Meanwhile, miR-637 mimic obviously suppressed the accumulation of ROS and increased SOD and CAT activity. Nevertheless, all these findings were inverted by TRPM2-plasmid. Likewise, TRPM2-siRNA led to increased cell viability, reduced apoptotic cells, enhanced Bcl-2 expression, reduced Bax
level, inhibited Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, inhibited ROS production, but increased SOD and CAT activity in H2O2-induced melanocytes. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that TRPM2 was up-regulated, while miR-637 was down-regulated in injurious melanocytes of vitiligo. Up-regulation
of miR-637 relieved oxidative stress-stimulated melanocyte injury via down-regulating TRPM2 expression. Our results provide new insights into the functions of miR-637 in the development of vitiligo, indicating that miR-637 may be a latent target for vitiligo therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Gaobo Ruan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Ayyadurai VAS, Deonikar P. Bioactive compounds in green tea may improve transplant tolerance: A computational systems biology analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:439-452. [PMID: 34857232 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea (Camellia sinensis) has bioactive compounds that have been shown to possess nutritive effects on various biomolecular processes such as immunomodulation. This research explores the immunomodulatory effects of green tea in reducing transplant rejection. METHOD The study employs computational systems biology: 1) to identify biomolecular mechanisms of immunomodulation in transplant rejection; 2) to identify the bioactive compounds of green tea and their specific effects on mechanisms of immunomodulation in transplant rejection; and, 3) to predict the quantitative effects of those bioactive compounds on immunomodulation in transplant rejection. RESULTS Three bioactive compounds of green tea - epicatechin (EC), gallic acid (GA), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were identified for their potential effects on immunomodulation of transplant rejection. Of the three, EGCG was the only one determined to enhance anti-inflammatory activity by: 1) upregulating synthesis of HO-1 that is known to promote Treg and Th2 phenotypes associated with enabling transplant tolerance; and, 2) downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, NO, IL-6, and IL-1β that are known to promote Th1 and Th17 phenotypes associated with transplant rejection. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first molecular mechanistic understanding the clinical nutritive value of green tea, specifically the bioactive compound EGCG, in enabling transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Shiva Ayyadurai
- Systems Biology Group, CytoSolve Research Division, CytoSolve, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Prabhakar Deonikar
- Systems Biology Group, CytoSolve Research Division, CytoSolve, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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15
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Pang Y, Wu S, He Y, Nian Q, Lei J, Yao Y, Guo J, Zeng J. Plant-Derived Compounds as Promising Therapeutics for Vitiligo. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685116. [PMID: 34858164 PMCID: PMC8631938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder characterized by white patches in the skin. The pathogenetic origin of vitiligo revolves around autoimmune destruction of melanocytes in which, for instance, oxidative stress is responsible for melanocyte molecular, organelle dysfunction and melanocyte specific antigen exposure as well as melanocyte cell death and thus serves as an important contributor for vitiligo progression. In recent years, natural products have shown a wide range of pharmacological bioactivities against many skin diseases, and this review focuses on the effects and mechanisms of natural compounds against vitiligo models. It is showed that some natural compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, glycosides and coumarins have a protective role in melanocytes and thereby arrest the depigmentation, and, additionally, Nrf2/HO-1, MAPK, JAK/STAT, cAMP/PKA, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were reported to be implicated in these protective effects. This review discusses the great potential of plant derived natural products as anti-vitiligo agents, as well as the future directions to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobin Pang
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingjie He
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Nian
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yejing Yao
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Dermatological Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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16
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Braegelmann C, Niebel D, Ferring-Schmitt S, Fetter T, Landsberg J, Hölzel M, Effern M, Glodde N, Steinbuch S, Bieber T, Wenzel J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a human interface dermatitis model-implications for therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:144-153. [PMID: 34585800 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been proven effective in treating viral warts. Since anticarcinogenic as well as anti-inflammatory properties are ascribed to the substance, its use has been evaluated in the context of different dermatoses. The effect of EGCG on interface dermatitis (ID), however, has not yet been explored. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the effect of EGCG on an epidermal human in vitro model of ID. METHODS Via immunohistochemistry, lesional skin of lichen planus patients and healthy skin were analysed concerning the intensity of interferon-associated mediators, CXCL10 and MxA. Epidermal equivalents were stained analogously upon ID-like stimulation and EGCG treatment. Monolayer keratinocytes were treated likewise and supernatants were analysed via ELISA while cells were processed for vitality assay or transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS CXCL10 and MxA are strongly expressed in lichen planus lesions and induced in keratinocytes upon ID-like stimulation. EGCG reduces CXCL10 and MxA staining intensity in epidermis equivalents and CXCL10 secretion by keratinocytes upon stimulation. It furthermore minimizes the cytotoxic effect of the stimulus and downregulates a magnitude of typical pro-inflammatory cytokines that are crucial for the perpetuation of ID. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence concerning anti-inflammatory effects of EGCG within a human in vitro model of ID. The capacity to suppress mediators that are centrally involved in disease perpetuation suggests EGCG as a potential topical therapeutic in lichen planus and other autoimmune skin diseases associated with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Braegelmann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Niebel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Ferring-Schmitt
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Fetter
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Effern
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N Glodde
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Steinbuch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Short Overview of Some Assays for the Measurement of Antioxidant Activity of Natural Products and Their Relevance in Dermatology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175301. [PMID: 34500732 PMCID: PMC8433703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired systemic redox homeostasis is implicated in the onset and development of various diseases, including skin diseases. Therefore, continuous search for natural products with antioxidant bioactivities applicable in biomedicine is attractive topic of general interest. Research efforts aiming to validate antioxidant potentials of natural products has led to the development of several assays based on various test principles. Hence, understanding the advantages and limitations of various assays is important for selection of assays useful to study antioxidant and related bioactivities of natural products of biomedical interest. This review paper gives a short overview on some chemical and cellular bioassays used to estimate the antioxidant activity of chosen natural products together with a brief overview on the use of natural products with antioxidant activities as adjuvant medicinal remedies in dermatology.
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18
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Hu W, Zhang L, Lin F, Lei J, Zhou M, Xu A. Topical epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the treatment of vitiligo. Australas J Dermatol 2021; 62:e404-e407. [PMID: 34046892 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To preliminarily assess the efficacy and safety of the topical application of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in treating vitiligo, a 6-month clinical trial was carried out. METHOD Patients were randomly given topical application of EGCG on the assigned lesions, with pimecrolimus being used as the control for twice a day over a 6-month treatment period. Responses to treatment were assessed based on the changes in VASI score for percentage reduction in body surface area and the PGA scores. RESULTS According to our results, both drugs were discovered to be markedly effective on repigmentation. The VASI of lesion had diminished from 1.19 ± 0.42 to 0.63 ± 0.38, in the EGCG-treated lesions, while from 1.18 ± 0.43 to 0.61 ± 0.36 in the pimecrolimus-treated lesions, and there was no statistically significant difference in VASI score between the EGCG-treated lesions and pimecrolimus-treated lesions (P = 0.755). Meanwhile, the mean PGA score on the EGCG applied side was 4.39 ± 2.23, while that was 4.43 ± 2.02 on the pimecrolimus applied side (P = 0.886). Furthermore, difference in the improvement degree between pimecrolimus side and EGCG side was not statistically significant (P = 0.845). Notably, no serious side effects were observed throughout the study. CONCLUSION Findings of the study indicate that topical EGCG can be effective on treating vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuquan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehao Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaoni Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - AiE Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
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19
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EGCG, a Green Tea Catechin, as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051200. [PMID: 33668085 PMCID: PMC7956763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged to be the greatest threat to humanity in the modern world and has claimed nearly 2.2 million lives worldwide. The United States alone accounts for more than one fourth of 100 million COVID-19 cases across the globe. Although vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has begun, its efficacy in preventing a new or repeat COVID-19 infection in immunized individuals is yet to be determined. Calls for repurposing of existing, approved, drugs that target the inflammatory condition in COVID-19 are growing. Our initial gene ontology analysis predicts a similarity between SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory and immune dysregulation and the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Interestingly, many of the drugs related to rheumatoid arthritis have been found to be lifesaving and contribute to lower COVID-19 morbidity. We also performed in silico investigation of binding of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a well-known catechin, and other catechins on viral proteins and identified papain-like protease protein (PLPro) as a binding partner. Catechins bind to the S1 ubiquitin-binding site of PLPro, which might inhibit its protease function and abrogate SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory function on ubiquitin proteasome system and interferon stimulated gene system. In the realms of addressing inflammation and how to effectively target SARS-CoV-2 mediated respiratory distress syndrome, we review in this article the available knowledge on the strategic placement of EGCG in curbing inflammatory signals and how it may serve as a broad spectrum therapeutic in asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
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20
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Singh Y, Salker MS, Lang F. Green Tea Polyphenol-Sensitive Calcium Signaling in Immune T Cell Function. Front Nutr 2021; 7:616934. [PMID: 33585537 PMCID: PMC7876374 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.616934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol compounds found in green tea have a great therapeutic potential to influence multiple human diseases including malignancy and inflammation. In this mini review, we describe effects of green tea and the most important component EGCG in malignancy and inflammation. We focus on cellular mechanisms involved in the modification of T cell function by green tea polyphenol EGCG. The case is made that EGCG downregulates calcium channel activity by influencing miRNAs regulating expression of the channel at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Singh
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Lang
- Institute of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Le Poole IC. Myron Gordon Award paper: Microbes, T-cell diversity and pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:244-255. [PMID: 33438345 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes are static, minimally proliferative cells. This leaves them vulnerable in vitiligo. Yet upon malignant transformation, they form vicious tumors. This profound switch in physiology is accompanied by genetic change and is driven by environmental factors. If UV exposure in younger years supports malignant transformation and melanoma formation, it can likewise impart mutations on melanocytes that reduce their viability, to initiate vitiligo. A wide variety of microbes can influence these diametrically opposed outcomes before either disease takes hold. These microbes are vehicles of change that we are only beginning to study. Once a genetic modification occurs, there is a wide variety of immune cells ready to respond. Though it does not act alone, the T cell is among the most decisive responders in this process. The same biochemical process that offered the skin protection by producing melanin can become an Achilles heel for the cell when the T cells target melanosomal enzymes or, on occasion, neoantigens. T cells are precise, determined, and consequential when they strike. Here, we probe the relationship between the microbiome and its metabolites, epithelial integrity, and the activation of T cells that target benign and malignant melanocytes in vitiligo and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Mansourpour H, Ziari K, Motamedi SK, Poor AH. Therapeutic effects of iNOS inhibition against vitiligo in an animal model. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8383. [PMID: 31579486 PMCID: PMC6767835 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in several biological processes, but its role in human melanogenesis and vitiligo need further studies. Previous studies revealed that exposure to UVA and UVB were capable of the inducing nitric oxide production in keratinocytes and melanocytes through the activation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase overexpression has been reported to play an important role in hyperpigmentary disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) as a therapeutic agent in our mouse model of vitiligo. In this study, male C57BL/6J Ler-vit/vit mice were purchased to evaluate the effect of iNOS inhibitor (aminoguanidine) (50 and 100 mg/kg) and L-arginine (100 mg/kg) in a mouse model of vitiligo induced by monobenzone 40%. Moreover, we used phototherapy device to treat the mice with NBUVB as a gold standard.The findings revealed that monobenzone was capable of inducing depigmentation after 6 weeks. However, aminoguanidine in combination with monobenzone was decrease the effect of monobenzone, while L-arginine play a key role in promoting the effect of monobenzone (P<0.001). Based on the phototherapy, the efficacy of phototherapy significantly increased by adding L-arginine (P<0.05). Taken together, we suggest that iNOS inhibitor can be a novel treatment for the prevention and treatment of vitiligo by combination of NBUVB therapy, furthermore; NO agents like L-arginine could also increase the effectiveness of phototherapy. Taken together, this pilot study showed significant repigmentation of vitiligous lesions treated with iNOS inhibitor plus NBUVB therapy, where other aspect including expression of an inducible iNOS, NO and TNF levels remained to be evaluated in mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mansourpour
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran and AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Ziari
- Department of Pathology, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Richmond JM, Strassner JP, Essien KI, Harris JE. T-cell positioning by chemokines in autoimmune skin diseases. Immunol Rev 2019; 289:186-204. [PMID: 30977191 PMCID: PMC6553463 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune skin diseases are complex processes in which autoreactive cells must navigate through the skin tissue to find their targets. Regulatory T cells in the skin help to mitigate autoimmune inflammation and may in fact be responsible for the patchy nature of these conditions. In this review, we will discuss chemokines that are important for global recruitment of T cell populations to the skin during disease, as well as signals that fine-tune their localization and function. We will describe prototypical disease responses and chemokine families that mediate these responses. Lastly, we will include an overview of chemokine-targeting drugs that have been tested as new treatment strategies for autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - James P Strassner
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kingsley I Essien
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Real-time PCR assays for detection of melanogenesis-related genes from Chinese traditional medicine components. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Juhász ML, Levin MK, Marmur ES. The use of natural ingredients in innovative Korean cosmeceuticals. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:305-312. [PMID: 29363245 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cosmeceutical industry is an ever-growing and in demand market, especially in Asia. Korea has been on the forefront of creating the newest generation and most innovative cosmeceuticals products including ingredients such as snail secretions, starfish powder, botanical extracts, green tea, and red ginseng. Given their increasing prevalence in the cosmeceutical industry, scientists have been conducting investigations into these extracts and their properties. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current literature surrounding multiple natural ingredients found in Korean cosmeceutical products. METHODS A review of the literature surrounding natural ingredients found in Korean cosmeceuticals was conducted using PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine). RESULTS Multiple natural extracts have been found to have antiaging, antitumor, and antimelanogenic effects making them useful additives in current cosmeceutical products. CONCLUSION With the public's increasing awareness of cosmeceutical products, it is important for physicians to understand the properties of these extracts in order to inform patients correctly and ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Lw Juhász
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Marmur Medical, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa K Levin
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen S Marmur
- Marmur Medical, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Mehta M, Ahmed S, Dryden G. Refractory pouchitis improves after administration of the green tea polyphenol EGCG: a retrospective review. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33:83-86. [PMID: 28929216 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-017-2906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common, chronic, inflammatory process limited to the colon. UC affects up to 1 million individuals in the USA alone and requires resection in up to 30% of patients. Resection is often followed by creation of a pouch. Pouchitis is the most common complication of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) following total proctocolectomy, affecting up to 50% of patients. Symptoms include increased stool frequency, urgency, cramping, and bleeding. Management of pouchitis is complex in antibiotic refractory cases. Plant-based polyphenolic compounds have shown protective effects against UC. We conducted a retrospective review of pouchitis patients treated with EGCG 200-400 mg twice daily. RESULTS Seven of nine (78%) patients experienced significant improvement based on reduced frequency of bowel movements and bleeding, while five of nine (56%) experienced complete relief. One patient experienced no improvement with EGCG, and one had progression of pouchitis symptoms while taking EGCG. No significant adverse events were noted by patients while taking EGCG. DISCUSSION The green tea-derived molecule EGCG exhibits an efficacy signal in the IBD-related condition of pouchitis. Impressively, 78% of patients experienced noticeable improvement in pouchitis symptoms after initiation of EGCG, while 56% of treated patients entered complete remission. These positive responses to EGCG in patients with pouchitis suggests the need to confirm these findings in a formal, controlled trial. Based on recent findings documenting its effects on epithelial permeability and mucosal inflammation, combined with its favorable safety profile, a possible preventative role could also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minesh Mehta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shifat Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Gerald Dryden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Wang S, Jin R, Wang R, Hu Y, Dong X, Xu AE. The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pro-EGCG derivatives as novel anti-vitiligo agents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of prodrugs of EGCG derivatives were designed, synthesized, and the protective effect on melanocytes against H2O2-induced cell damage were extensively evaluated, demonstrating the potential application value of them in anti-vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Dermatology
- The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou
- Hangzhou 310009
- P. R. China
| | - Ruiquan Wang
- Department of Dermatology
- The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou
- Hangzhou 310009
- P. R. China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Ai e Xu
- Department of Dermatology
- The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou
- Hangzhou 310009
- P. R. China
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