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Minami M, Takase H, Taira M, Makino T. In Vitro Effect of the Traditional Medicine Hainosan (Painongsan) on Porphyromonas gingivalis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E58. [PMID: 31137477 PMCID: PMC6630747 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hainosan (Painongsan) is a traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine that is used to treat several purulent diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis. This formulation contains three crude drug components: The dried immature fruit of Citrus aurantium (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora (Paeoniae Radix), and the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorum (Platycodi Radix). Here we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of hainosan extract (HNS) and extracts of its three components against Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the pathogenic bacteria that causes periodontitis. Methods: The antibacterial activities of HNS and its components were examined by counting the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) and through transmission electron microscopy. Results: We found that HNS had direct antibacterial activity against three P. gingivalis isolates (JCM12257, JCM8525, and JCM19600), with HNS-treated cells being significantly smaller than those of untreated bacteria. Extracts of Platycodi Radix and Paeoniae Radix significantly suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent manner, with Platycodi Radix extract having the greatest antibacterial effect. In addition, P. gingivalis that were treated with Platycodi Radix extract were significantly larger than those treated with Aurantii Fructus Immaturus or Paeoniae Radix extracts. Further analysis showed that platycodin D, which is one of the ingredients of Platycodi Radix, reduced bacterial growth. Conclusions: Platycodi Radix is the active component in Hainosan and may represent a useful agent for the treatment of P. gingivalis-induced gingivitis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Minami
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Masayo Taira
- JPS Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 4-42-22 Higashiyamata, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0023, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
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Fujii S, Morinaga O, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin and liquiritin in licorice roots and Kampo medicines by combination enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-glycyrrhizin and anti-liquiritin monoclonal antibodies. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:285-298. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1260586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nakayama H, Yuito N, Miyata Y, Tamaya K, Tanaka T, Saito Y, Matsui T, Aramaki S, Nagata Y, Tamaru S, Tanaka K. Hypolipidemic Property of a New Fermented Tea Made with Third Crop Green Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Leaves and Unripe Satsuma Mandarin ( Citrus unshiu) Fruits. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Nakayama
- Nagasaki Agricultural and Forestry Technical Development Center
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki
| | - Naho Yuito
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | - Yuji Miyata
- Nagasaki Agricultural and Forestry Technical Development Center
| | - Kei Tamaya
- Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biochemical Science, Nagasaki University
| | | | - Toshiro Matsui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
| | | | - Yasuo Nagata
- Center for Industry, University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | | | - Kazunari Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki
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Sumino M, Saito Y, Ikegami F, Namiki T. A Simultaneous Determination of Principal Compounds in Tokishakuyakusan by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:320-4. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Anxiolytic-like effect of Shigyakusan extract with low side effects in mice. J Nat Med 2013; 67:862-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Traditional Japanese formula kigikenchuto accelerates healing of pressure-loading skin ulcer in rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:592791. [PMID: 21660308 PMCID: PMC3108106 DOI: 10.1155/2011/592791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of kigikenchuto (KKT), a traditional Japanese formula, in a modified rat pressure-loading skin ulcer model. Rats were divided into three groups, KKT extract orally administered (250 or 500 mg/kg/day for 35 days) and control. KKT shortened the duration until healing. Immunohistochemically, KKT increased CD-31-positive vessels in early phase and increased α-smooth muscle actin-(α-SMA-) positive fibroblastic cells in early phase and decreased them in late phase of wound healing. By Western blotting, KKT showed the potential to decrease inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in early phase, decrease vascular endothelial growth factor in early phase and increase it in late phase, and modulate the expression of extracellular protein matrix (α-SMA, TGF-β1, bFGF, collagen III, and collagen I). These results suggested the possibility that KKT accelerates pressure ulcer healing through decreases of inflammatory cytokines, increase of angiogenesis, and induction of extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Cong J, Lin B. Separation of Liquiritin by simulated moving bed chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1145:190-4. [PMID: 17289063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquiritin was extracted from the natural product Licorice, and then purified using a three-zone simulated moving bed set up in our laboratory, with a C(18)-bonded silica as the stationary phase and an aqueous solution of ethanol as the mobile phase. The isotherm parameters of Liquiritin and of the only closely eluting impurity were obtained using the inverse method, fitting the experimental elution profiles to calculated elution profiles, assuming a binary Langmuir isotherm model as an approximation. The operating parameters of the simulated moving bed were selected according to the Equilibrium Theory. This allowed the preparation of 85% pure Liquiritin. Finally, 99% pure Liquiritin was obtained through a last step of recrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Cong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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Zhang L, Dong Y, Sun Y, Chen T, Xu Q. Role of four major components in the effect of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, against contact sensitivity in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:1257-64. [PMID: 16945185 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.9.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, on picryl chloride-induced ear contact sensitivity (PCl-CS). This study aimed to evaluate the role of the four major constituents contained in the prescription (saikosaponins, paeoniflorin, naringin and glycyrrhizin) in the inhibitory effect. When administered during the induction phase, saikosaponin a and glycyrrhizin showed significant inhibitory effects, while paeoniflorin and naringin did not. These components in Si-Ni-San also inhibited the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes as well as the production of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma to different extents. Saikosaponin a and paeoniflorin dose-dependently reduced the splenocyte adhesion to type I collagen, while glycyrrhizin only showed a slight tendency. Furthermore, treatment with glycyrrhizin or saikosaponin a, rather than paeoniflorin or naringin, moderately inhibited the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity of the splenocytes from PCl-CS mice, and the combination of all four components showed a strong inhibition against MMP-2. Moreover, the components markedly decreased the serum level of nitric oxide in PCl-sensitized mice. The results indicated that saikosaponin a and glycyrrhizin may be the major contributors in the alleviation effect of Si-Ni-San on contact sensitivity, and paeoniflorin and naringin may exhibit a co-operative effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Concanavalin A
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/blood
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/enzymology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/prevention & control
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Female
- Flavanones/pharmacology
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/chemistry
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/enzymology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Monoterpenes
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Oleanolic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Oleanolic Acid/pharmacology
- Picryl Chloride
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Saponins/pharmacology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/enzymology
- Spleen/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Han Kou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
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Ye G, Li YZ, Li YY, Guo HZ, Guo DA. SPE-HPLC method for the determination and pharmacokinetic studies on paeoniflorin in rat serum after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Guan-Xin-Er-Hao decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 33:521-7. [PMID: 14550870 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new HPLC method for the determination of paeoniflorin in rat serum with solid-phase extraction (SPE) for preconcentration is introduced. Paeoniflorin and an internal standard (pentoxifylline) were extracted from serum by means of SPE using cartridges with octadecyl chemically bound phase. The HPLC separation was then performed on a reversed-phase C(18) column using acetonitrile-water (18:82, v/v) as eluting solvent system, and UV detection at 230 nm to measure the analyte with a limit of quantitation about 10 ng ml(-1). The calibration curve for paeoniflorin was linear (r=0.9938) in the concentration range of 10-1200 ng ml(-1), both intra- and inter-day precision of the paeoniflorin were determined and their coefficience of variation did not exceed 10%. The validated method has been successfully applied for pharmacokinetic studies of paeoniflorin from rat serum after oral administration of Guan-Xin-Er-Hao decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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Okamura N, Maki T, Miyauchi H, Shimoe M, Yokono S, Yoshitomi H, Yagi A. Simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetic acid and glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide in Shakuyaku-kanzo-to incubated with rat feces by semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatography. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:1161-4. [PMID: 11642324 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been established for the simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin (GL), glycyrrhetic acid (GA) and glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide (GAMG) in incubation mixtures of rat feces with Shakuyaku-kanzo-to decoction (combination of licorice root and peony root). The analysis could be accomplished within 20 min with a TSKgel ODS-80TsQA (150 x 2.0 mm i.d.) column by linear gradient elution using a mobile phase containing aqueous phosphoric acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.2 ml x min(-1), a thermostatic oven at 25 degrees C, and detection at 254 nm. The detection limits of these compounds were 0.1-0.85 pmol per injection (5 microl). The concentrations of GL and its metabolites in the incubation mixture after continuous consumption of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to were significantly different compared with those of untreated control. GL-hydrolysis of rat feces was enhanced by pre-consumption of Shakuyaku-kanzo-to.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Okamura
- Faculty oF Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2001; 12:144-151. [PMID: 11708302 DOI: 10.1002/pca.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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