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Samy RP, Thwin M, Gopalakrishnakone P. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Use of Andrographis paniculata. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burma f.) Wall ex Nees (Acanthaceae) is a common weed distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. All parts of A. paniculata are extremely bitter in taste. This plant is well known in Siddha, Ayurvedic and traditional (tribal) systems of medicine in India. A. paniculata is used for the treatment of infectious diseases, which account for the major proportion of health problems, and which are most often used in the traditional system of medicine. The major active components of the plant are andrographiloids, which have been extensively studied in a variety of models including human clinical trials for their therapeutic effects. Moreover, A. paniculata is known to have very low toxicity in animals and humans. The plant also exhibits antifertility effects. Most of the traditional uses of the species have some scientific basis. This review is an attempt to summarize the available information on A. paniculata for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Gopalakrishnakone
- Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
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Palanisamy S, Ramasamy J, Kandasamy R, Nadesan S. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids and anti-oxidant capacity from the whole plant of Andrographis echioides (L.) nees by response surface methodology and chemical composition analysis. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_647_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sumalatha M, Rammohan A, Gunasekar D, Deville A, Bodo B. A New Geranylated Chalcone from Andrographis Lobelioides. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new O-geranylated chalcone, 2′-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4′- O-[( E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl] chalcone (1), together with three known flavones, 5-hydroxy-7,2′-dimethoxyflavone (2), skullcapflavone I (3) and echioidin (4), were isolated from the leaves of Andrographis lobelioides. The structure of 1 and the known compounds (2–4) were achieved by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectral and chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manne Sumalatha
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Aluru Rammohan
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Duvvuru Gunasekar
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Alexandre Deville
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, USM 0502 MNHN-UMR 5154, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
| | - Bernard Bodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, USM 0502 MNHN-UMR 5154, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon, Paris 75005, France
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Yang H, Lee DY, Jeon M, Suh Y, Sung SH. Determination of five active compounds in Artemisia princeps and A. capillaris based on UPLC-DAD and discrimination of two species with multivariate analysis. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:617-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sudhana JM, Munikishore R, Reddy MV, Gunasekar D, Blond A, Bodo B. A New Diacylated Labdane Diterpenoid from Andrographis wightiana. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acylated labdane diterpenoid, 14-deoxy-3,19-diacetyl-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (1), together with three known labdane diterpenoids, wightionolide (2), andrographolide (3) and neoandrographolide (4), and three known flavones, echioidinin (5), skullcapflavone I 2′-methyl ether (6) and echioidin (7), were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis wightiana. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and extensive 2D-NMR spectral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalli Madhu Sudhana
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Rachakunta Munikishore
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Mopuru Vijayabhaskar Reddy
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Duvvuru Gunasekar
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Alain Blond
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, USM 0502 MNHN-UMR 5154, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Bodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, USM 0502 MNHN-UMR 5154, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon 75005, Paris, France
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Chandrasekaran C, Thiyagarajan P, Deepak H, Agarwal A. In vitro modulation of LPS/calcimycin induced inflammatory and allergic mediators by pure compounds of Andrographis paniculata (King of bitters) extract. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Saxena RC, Singh R, Kumar P, Yadav SC, Negi MPS, Saxena VS, Joshua AJ, Vijayabalaji V, Goudar KS, Venkateshwarlu K, Amit A. A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold) in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:178-185. [PMID: 20092985 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A randomized, double blind placebo controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of KalmCold, an extract of Andrographis paniculata, in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). The assessment involved quantification of symptom scores by Visual Analogue Scale. Nine self evaluated symptoms of cough, expectoration, nasal discharge, headache, fever, sore throat, earache, malaise/fatigue and sleep disturbance were scored. A total of 223 patients of both sexes were randomized in two groups which received either KalmCold (200 mg/day) or placebo in a double blind manner. In both the treatments, mean scores of all symptoms showed a decreasing trend from day 1 to day 3 but from day 3 to day 5 most of the symptoms in placebo treated group either remained unchanged (cough, headache and earache) or got aggravated (sore throat and sleep disturbance) whereas in KalmCold treated group all symptoms showed a decreasing trend. Within groups, mean scores of symptoms in both the groups decreased significantly (p < or = 0.05) from day 1 to day 3 and day 5 while from day 3 to day 5 all symptoms except expectoration in placebo group did not improve significantly whereas in KalmCold treated group all symptoms improved significantly (p < or = 0.05) except earache. Comparing mean between both groups, all symptoms at day 1 and day 3 were found to be the same while at day 5 all symptoms except earache in KalmCold treated group improved significantly (p < or = 0.05) than placebo group. Similarly, within groups, overall scores of all symptoms in both the groups decreased significantly (p < or = 0.05) from day 1 to day 3 and day 5 while from day 3 to day 5 placebo group did not improve significantly whereas KalmCold treated group showed significant improvement (p < or = 0.05). On between groups analysis, KalmCold group showed significant reduction (p < or = 0.05) in overall symptom scores as compared to placebo group. In both placebo and KalmCold treated groups, there were only a few minor adverse effects with no significant difference in occurrence (Z = 0.63; p > 0.05). The comparison of overall efficacy of KalmCold over placebo was found to be significant (p < or = 0.05) and it was 2.1 times (52.7%) higher than placebo. The findings of this study revealed that KalmCold was effective in reducing symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Chandrasekaran C, Thiyagarajan P, Sundarajan K, Goudar KS, Deepak M, Murali B, Joshua Allan J, Agarwal A. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold™). Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1892-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Reddy RVN, Reddy BAK, Gunasekar D. A new acylated flavone glycoside from Colebrookea oppositifolia. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:183-186. [PMID: 19219733 DOI: 10.1080/10286020802674871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new acylated flavone glycoside, echioidinin 2'-O-beta-D-(2''-O-acetyl)glucopyranoside (1) along with the three known flavonoids, 5,6,7,8,5'-pentamethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavone (2), 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (3), and kaempferol 7,4'-dimethyl ether 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated from the roots of Colebrookea oppositifolia. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by extensive spectral and chemical studies.
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Reddy NP, Reddy BA, Gunasekar D, Blond A, Bodo B, Raju RV. A Novel Acylated Flavone Glycoside from Andrographis nallamalayana. Nat Prod Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acylated flavone glycoside, skullcapflavone I 2′- O-β-D-(6″- E-cinnamoyl) glucopyranoside (1), together with two known flavones, 5,2′-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (2) and 5,2′,6′-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone-2′- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and two known labdane diterpenoids, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (4) and andrographolide (5) were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis nallamalayana. Structural elucidation of the new compound, as well as of the known compounds was achieved by various NMR techniques including 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY experiments, ESITOF mass spectrometry, acid hydrolysis and saponification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmanapalli P. Reddy
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Bandi A.K. Reddy
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Duvvuru Gunasekar
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Alain Blond
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, USM 0502 MNHN-UMR 5154, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Bodo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie des Substances Naturelles, USM 0502 MNHN-UMR 5154, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon 75005, Paris, France
| | - Reddy V. Raju
- Department of Botany, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 003, India
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Xu CL, Zheng YN, Yang XW, Li XG, Li X, Chen QC. Raddeanalin, a new flavonoid glycoside from the leaves of Salix raddeana Laksh. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2007; 9:415-9. [PMID: 17701556 DOI: 10.1080/10286020500034444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new flavonoid glycoside, diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, named raddeanalin (1), was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Salix raddeana Laksh. together with three known compounds, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (2), quercetin 3-O-glucoside (3) and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (4). The structure of new compound was established by the spectral data and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Lian Xu
- Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology, Centre of Biology and Technology, Hangzhou 310018, China
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12
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Kesava Reddy M, Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy M, Anil Kumar Reddy B, Gunasekar D, Caux C, Bodo B. A new chalcone and a flavone from Andrographis neesiana. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:854-6. [PMID: 12843595 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new flavonoids, 2',4',6',2,3,4-hexamethoxychalcone (1) and 5-hydroxy-7,2',5'-trimethoxyflavone (2) together with a known flavone glycoside, echioidinin 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis neesiana, and the structures were elucidated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and one- and two-dimensional (1D- and 2D)-NMR spectral studies including 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), heteronuclear multiple bond connectivity (HMBC) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntha Kesava Reddy
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara Universit, Tirupati, India
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Kishore PH, Reddy MVB, Reddy MK, Gunasekar D, Caux C, Bodo B. Flavonoids from Andrographis lineata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 63:457-461. [PMID: 12770598 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three flavonoids, 5,7,2',3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (1), 2'-hydroxy-2,4',6'-tri methoxychalcone (2) and dihydroskullcapflavone I (3), together with 17,19,20-trihydroxy-5beta, 8alpha H, 9beta H,10alpha-labd-13-en-16,15-olactone (4), a known diterpenoid and six known flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone (5), 5-hydroxy-7,8,2',3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (6), 5,2'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (7), 5,2'-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (8), 5,2'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (9) and 5,2'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10) were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis lineata. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hari Kishore
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
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Reddy MK, Reddy MVB, Gunasekar D, Murthy MM, Caux C, Bodo B. A flavone and an unusual 23-carbon terpenoid from Andrographis paniculata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 62:1271-5. [PMID: 12648550 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the roots and aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata Nees yielded a new flavone, 5-hydroxy-7,2',6'-trimethoxyflavone and an unusual 23-carbon terpenoid, 14-deoxy-15-isopropylidene-11,12-didehydroandrographolide together with five known flavonoids and four known diterpenoids. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectral and chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntha K Reddy
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
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Bhaskar Reddy MV, Kishore PH, Rao CV, Gunasekar D, Caux C, Bodo B. New 2'-oxygenated flavonoids from Andrographis affinis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:295-297. [PMID: 12608871 DOI: 10.1021/np020331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three new 2'-oxygenated flavonoids, (2S)-5,7,2',3',4'-pentamethoxyflavanone (1), 5-hydroxy-7,8,2',5'-tetramethoxyflavone (2), and echioidinin 2'-O-beta-d-(6' '-O-acetyl) glucopyranoside (3), together with four known flavonoids, 7-O-methyldihydrowogonin, 7-O-methylwogonin, skullcapflavone I 2'-methyl ether, and skullcapflavone I, and two diterpenoids, andrograpanin and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis affinis. The structures were elucidated by spectral and chemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
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Kesava Reddy M, Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy M, Jayakrishna G, Gunasekar D, Caux C, Bodo B. Two new flavonoids from Andrographis rothii. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:191-3. [PMID: 12576654 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new flavonoids, 5, 7, 2', 5'-tetramethoxyflavanone (1) and 5-hydroxy-7, 2'-dimethoxyflavone (2), together with two known flavones, skullcapflavone I (3) and echioidin (4) were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis rothii. The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive one- and two-dimensional (1D- and 2D-) NMR spectral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntha Kesava Reddy
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Paris, France
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Rao YK, Damu AG, Rao AJ, Venkatesan S, Kuo PC, Rao CV, Wu TS. Flavonoids from Andrographis viscosula. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:1374-6. [PMID: 14646312 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Andrographis viscosula has led to the isolation of three new 2'-oxygenated flavonoids, (2R)-5-hydroxy-7,2',3'-trimethoxyflavanone (1), 7,2',5'-trimethoxyflavone (2), 5,7,2',3'-tetramethoxyflavone (3), and eight known flavones, 5,7,2'-trimethoxyflavone (4), 5,7,2',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (5), echioidinin (6), 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (7), 5-hydroxy-7,2'-dimethoxyflavone (8), echioidin (9), echioidinin 5-O-glucoside (10), and 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone 2'-O-glucoside (11). The structures of 1-11 were elucidated by physical and spectral methods, including extensive 2D NMR studies. The presence of 2'-oxygenated flavonoids is apparently restricted to Andrographis species in Acanthaceae. Therefore, 2'-oxygenated flavonoids are regarded as chemotaxonomic markers of Andrographis genus in the Acanthaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerra Koteswara Rao
- Natural Products Division, Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Rao YK, Harikishore P, Rao CV, Gunasekar D, Blond A, Bodo B. Flavones from Andrographis viscosula. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 61:927-929. [PMID: 12453519 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new 2'-oxygenated flavones, 5,7,2'-trimethoxyflavone (1). and 5,7,2',4',6'-pentamethoxyflavone (2). were isolated from the whole plant of Andrographis viscosula along with three known flavones, echioidinin (3). 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (4). and echioidin (5). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Koteswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, 517 502, Tirupati, India
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