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Wang S, Li C, Zhang L, Sun B, Cui Y, Sang F. Isolation and biological activity of natural chalcones based on antibacterial mechanism classification. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117454. [PMID: 37659218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection, which is still one of the leading causes of death in humans, poses an enormous threat to the worldwide public health system. Antibiotics are the primary medications used to treat bacterial diseases. Currently, the discovery of antibiotics has reached an impasse, and due to the abuse of antibiotics resulting in bacterial antibiotic resistance, researchers have a critical desire to develop new antibacterial agents in order to combat the deteriorating antibacterial situation. Natural chalcones, the flavonoids consisting of two phenolic rings and a three-carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, possess a variety of biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and so on. Due to their potent antibacterial properties, natural chalcones possess the potential to become a new treatment for infectious diseases that circumvents existing antibiotic resistance. Currently, the majority of research on natural chalcones focuses on their synthesis, biological and pharmacological activities, etc. A few studies have been conducted on their antibacterial activity and mechanism. Therefore, this review focuses on the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of seventeen natural chalcones. Firstly, seventeen natural chalcones have been classified based on differences in antibacterial mechanisms. Secondly, a summary of the isolation and biological activity of seventeen natural chalcones was provided, with a focus on their antibacterial activity. Thirdly, the antibacterial mechanisms of natural chalcones were summarized, including those that act on bacterial cell membranes, biological macromolecules, biofilms, and quorum sensing systems. This review aims to lay the groundwork for the discovery of novel antibacterial agents based on chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, PR China.
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2
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Tuli HS, Garg VK, Mehta JK, Kaur G, Mohapatra RK, Dhama K, Sak K, Kumar A, Varol M, Aggarwal D, Anand U, Kaur J, Gillan R, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)-Derived Phytochemicals Target Multiple Signaling Pathways to Confer Oncopreventive and Oncotherapeutic Effects. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1419-1448. [PMID: 36474507 PMCID: PMC9719702 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s366630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly lethal disease, and its incidence has rapidly increased worldwide over the past few decades. Although chemotherapeutics and surgery are widely used in clinical settings, they are often insufficient to provide the cure for cancer patients. Hence, more effective treatment options are highly needed. Although licorice has been used as a medicinal herb since ancient times, the knowledge about molecular mechanisms behind its diverse bioactivities is still rather new. In this review article, different anticancer properties (antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects) of various bioactive constituents of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) are thoroughly described. Multiple licorice constituents have been shown to bind to and inhibit the activities of various cellular targets, including B-cell lymphoma 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-3, resulting in reduced carcinogenesis in several in vitro and in vivo models with no evident toxicity. Emerging evidence is bringing forth licorice as an anticancer agent as well as bottlenecks in its potential clinical application. It is expected that overcoming toxicity-related obstacles by using novel nanotechnological methods might importantly facilitate the use of anticancer properties of licorice-derived phytochemicals in the future. Therefore, anticancer studies with licorice components must be continued. Overall, licorice could be a natural alternative to the present medication for eradicating new emergent illnesses while having just minor side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jinit K Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mehmet Varol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ross Gillan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
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Alhusban M, Pandey P, Ahn J, Avula B, Haider S, Avonto C, Ali Z, Khan SI, Ferreira D, Khan IA, Chittiboyina AG. Computational Tools to Expedite the Identification of Potential PXR Modulators in Complex Natural Product Mixtures: A Case Study with Five Closely Related Licorice Species. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26824-26843. [PMID: 35936409 PMCID: PMC9352242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genus Glycyrrhiza, comprising approximately 36 spp., possesses complex structural diversity and is documented to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities. Understanding and finding the mechanisms of efficacy or safety for a plant-based therapy is very challenging, yet it is crucial and necessary to understand the polypharmacology of traditional medicines. Licorice extract was shown to modulate the xenobiotic receptors, which might manifest as a potential route for natural product-induced drug interactions. However, different mechanisms could be involved in this phenomenon. Since the induced herb-drug interaction of licorice supplements via Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is understudied, we ventured out to analyze the potential modulators of PXR in complex mixtures such as whole extracts by applying computational mining tools. A total of 518 structures from five species of Glycyrrhiza: 183 (G. glabra), 180 (G. uralensis), 100 (G. inflata), 33 (G. echinata), and 22 (G. lepidota) were collected and post-processed to yield 387 unique compounds. Visual inspection of top candidates with favorable ligand-PXR interactions and the highest docking scores were identified. The in vitro testing revealed that glabridin (GG-14) is the most potent PXR activator among the tested compounds, followed by licoisoflavone A, licoisoflavanone, and glycycoumarin. A 200 ns molecular dynamics study with glabridin confirmed the stability of the glabridin-PXR complex, highlighting the importance of computational methods for rapid dereplication of potential xenobiotic modulators in a complex mixture instead of undertaking time-consuming classical biological testing of all compounds in a given botanical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alhusban
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jongmin Ahn
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Saqlain Haider
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Cristina Avonto
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Liu B, Wei J. Licochalcone E inhibits trxR1 expression, alters Nrf2/STAT6 signal, and induces antitumor effects in vitro against human SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) neuroblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1173-1184. [PMID: 35092341 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid tumor of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arising in childhood less than 15 years age. Licochalcone (Lic) is known to show inhibitory effects in cancer growth, and there has evidence suggested that Lic A inhibits hypoxic induced NB SK-N-SH cell proliferation. However, it is unclear whether LicE exerts similar effects in NB and the associated molecular mechanism of Lic in neuroblastoma is still unclear. In the current study, we found that LicE at the concentration 2, 4 and 6 μM all induced a profound reduction in cell viability, colony formation and cell proliferation. Next, LicE treatment effectively promoted cell apoptosis, inhibited cell migration and invasion. LicE significantly suppressed trxR1 expression, activated Nrf2 expression and inhibited STAT6 expression in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) NB cells. We further identified that trxR1, STAT6 overexpression or Nrf2 silence reversed the antitumor effects of LicE in human SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) NB cells. Finally, LicE treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice carrying a SK-N-SH cell xenograft. These results provide new insights into the effects and highlighting a novel mechanism of LicE through regulating trxR1/Nrf2/STAT6 signal pathway in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingli Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Mubarik F, Noreen S, Farooq F, Khan M, Khan AU, Pane YS. Medicinal Uses of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.): A Comprehensive Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Innumerable plants have been used widely as integral medicinal sources since the start of human civilization. The demand for herbal medicines is constantly increasing with time overtime. Licorice
(
Glycyrrhiza glabra
family Leguminosae) is one of the most used herbal plants in foods, in medicinal forms, and substantially researched on a worldwide scale. It was used as traditional and complementary medicine against innumerable ailments including allergies, liver toxicity, gastric ulcer, lung diseases, skin disorders, oral health problems including tooth decay, and inflammation. The constituents of licorice include various essential oils, sugars, inorganic salts, resins, amino acids, and nucleic acids. Biological activity has been observed to be portrayed by active compounds of licorice including triterpene, flavonoids, and saponins. In recent years, licorice has been widely researched to discover its benefits, constituents, and its mechanism of action. The review summarizes the therapeutic and pharmacological benefits of licorice and its uses in different health-related conditions along with its toxicity and maximum levels of licorice consumption.
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Guo J, Xue J, Ding Z, Li X, Wang X, Xue H. Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signal and Suppressed Autophagy Participate in Protection Offered by Licochalcone A Against Amyloid-β Peptide Fragment 25-35-Induced Injury in SH-SY5Y Cells. World Neurosurg 2021; 157:e390-e400. [PMID: 34662660 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess effect of licochalcone A (LicA) on amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide fragment 25-35-induced nerve injury and reveal the potential molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS Viability of SH-SY5Y cells was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay after treatment with Aβ25-35 and/or LicA, following which apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Hoechst staining. Then, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were measured with flow cytometry and spectrophotometry. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was examined by transmission electron microscopy, and the biomarker proteins of autophagy, apoptosis, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were measured with Western blotting. RESULTS LicA improved cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase leakage remarkably in Aβ25-35-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. After treatment with LicA, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels in cells all were significantly decreased, which indicated that LicA has an antioxidative effect on Aβ25-35-induced oxidative injury. LicA could also significantly reduce Aβ25-35-induced autophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. In the cells injured by Aβ25-35, LicA prevented the transformation from light chain protein 3-I to light chain protein 3-II and reduced the levels of proteins GRP78, GRP94, CHOP, and Bax, but increased the levels of antiapoptotic protein and phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. These effects of LicA were restored or suppressed by mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS LicA protects SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ25-35-induced injury, wherein suppressed autophagy and activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway are involved, and mTOR-dependent autophagy at least plays some role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Xi'an Dongao Biosciences Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Xi'an Dongao Biosciences Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | | | - Xiang Li
- Xi'an Dongao Biosciences Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Xi'an Dongao Biosciences Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Xi'an Dongao Biosciences Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China.
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Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7571132. [PMID: 34349875 PMCID: PMC8328722 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7571132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Glycyrrhiza genus, generally well-known as licorice, is broadly used for food and medicinal purposes around the globe. The genus encompasses a rich pool of bioactive molecules including triterpene saponins (e.g., glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids (e.g., liquiritigenin, liquiritin). This genus is being increasingly exploited for its biological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and the compound glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) have been studied immensely for their effect on humans. The efficacy of the compound has been reported to be significantly higher on viral hepatitis and immune deficiency syndrome. This review provides up-to-date data on the most widely investigated Glycyrrhiza species for food and medicinal purposes, with special emphasis on secondary metabolites' composition and bioactive effects.
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Cao Y, Si Y, Li M, Fan D, Cao M, Cheon SH, Liang J, Lu P. Licochalcone E improves insulin sensitivity in palmitic acid-treated HepG2 cells through inhibition of the NLRP3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107923. [PMID: 34229177 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our previous research demonstrated that compound licochalcone E can reduce glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats, although its mechanism remains unknown. Here, we used palmitic acid (PA) to establish a PA-treated HepG2 model, and then examined glucose uptake, glucose consumption, and blood lipids to evaluate the effects of licochalcone E within the safe dose range in the model. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of key genes associated with liver gluconeogenesis; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was deployed to evaluate the concentration of inflammatory factors; and laser confocal microscopy and western blot were used to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway-related proteins, respectively. Finally, molecular simulations were exploited to validate the interaction between licochalcone E and the NLRP3 inflammasome. The results demonstrated that licochalcone E showed no toxicity in the dose range of 2.5-40 μM. In this dose range, licochalcone E substantially increased the uptake and consumption of glucose in the insulin resistance model and dose-dependently reduced the concentration of total cholesterol. The PCR results indicated that licochalcone E dose-dependently reduced the expression of Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) genes and increased the expression of Glucose Transporter 4 (Glut4) in PA-treated HepG2. Moreover, the ELISA results revealed that licochalcone E significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. Confocal microscopy results showed that licochalcone E dramatically reduced the generation of ROS and the expressions of NLRP3 and its downstream caspase-1 in PA-treated HepG2 model. Western blot results further indicated that licochalcone E significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the model. Additionally, molecular simulations demonstrated that licochalcone E has good binding affinity for the NLPR3 inflammasome. We concluded that licochalcone E has the potential to be used as an insulin sensitizer by reducing the release of ROS and inflammatory factors following inhibition of the NLPR3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkai Cao
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, PR China
| | - Yuanquan Si
- Department of Clinical Laboratory,Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Meifen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Dahua Fan
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, PR China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, PR China
| | - Seung Hoon Cheon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, PR China.
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Ali Z, Hawwal M, Ahmed MMA, Avula B, Chittiboyina AG, Li J, Wu C, Taylor C, Chan YM, Khan IA. Licochalcone L, an undescribed retrochalcone from Glycyrrhiza inflata roots. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:200-206. [PMID: 32498569 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1775229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin is among the three glycyrrhizin producing Glycyrrhiza species and can be distinguished from other species with regard to its retrochalcone contents. Seven retrochalcones, echinatin and licochalcones A, C, D, E, K, and L were isolated and characterized from the chloroform extract of G. inflata roots. Among the isolates, licochalcone L was found to be previously undescribed. Structure elucidation of these specialised metabolites was achieved through NMR and mass spectroscopic data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mohammed Hawwal
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M A Ahmed
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Charles Wu
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra Taylor
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yen-Ming Chan
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Kim H, Zuo G, Lee SK, Lim SS. Acute and subchronic toxicity study of nonpolar extract of licorice roots in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2242-2250. [PMID: 32405381 PMCID: PMC7215212 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice is used as a medicinal plant, and several studies have shown that licorice has beneficial effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of nonpolar licorice extract using toxicity experiments. Nonpolar extract from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (NERG) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant ability was determined by method of TPC and DPPH. Blood pressure was monitored by using blood pressure meter. In the acute study, a single dose (2,000 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice. In the subchronic study, mice were treated with extract at doses (50, 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) for 120 days. Significantly difference was not shown at blood pressure, hematological, and biochemical parameters, and histopathology on mice. The results suggested that at acute and subchronic toxicity, each levels of nonpolar licorice extract administration in experiments did not cause toxicity effects or death on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Guanglei Zuo
- Department of Food Science and NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Soo Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
- Institute of Korean NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
- Institute of Korean NutritionHallym UniversityChuncheonKorea
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El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, El-Mleeh A, M. Abdel-Daim M, Prasad Devkota H. Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules 2020; 10:E352. [PMID: 32106571 PMCID: PMC7175350 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal remedies have been attracting attention as prospective alternative resources of therapy for diverse diseases across many nations. In recent decades, medicinal plants have been gaining wider acceptance due to the perception that these plants, as natural products, have fewer side effects and improved efficacy compared to their synthetic counterparts. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) is a small perennial herb that has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, such as respiratory disorders, hyperdipsia, epilepsy, fever, sexual debility, paralysis, stomach ulcers, rheumatism, skin diseases, hemorrhagic diseases, and jaundice. Moreover, chemical analysis of the G. glabra extracts revealed the presence of several organic acids, liquirtin, rhamnoliquirilin, liquiritigenin, prenyllicoflavone A, glucoliquiritin apioside, 1-metho-xyphaseolin, shinpterocarpin, shinflavanone, licopyranocoumarin, glisoflavone, licoarylcoumarin, glycyrrhizin, isoangustone A, semilicoisoflavone B, licoriphenone, and 1-methoxyficifolinol, kanzonol R and several volatile components. Pharmacological activities of G. glabra have been evaluated against various microorganisms and parasites, including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and Plasmodium falciparum, and completely eradicated P. yoelii parasites. Additionally, it shows antioxidant, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. The current review examined the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxic activities of G. glabra extracts as well as its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menofia Governorate 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan;
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12
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Tamuli KJ, Sahoo RK, Bordoloi M. Biocatalytic green alternative to existing hazardous reaction media: synthesis of chalcone and flavone derivatives via the Claisen–Schmidt reaction at room temperature. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03839c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, two novel agro-food waste products from banana peels were used to synthesize chalcone and flavone derivatives at room temperature under solvent free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap J. Tamuli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Ranjan K. Sahoo
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology
- Jorhat
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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13
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Kwak AW, Cho SS, Yoon G, Oh HN, Lee MH, Chae JI, Shim JH. Licochalcone H Synthesized by Modifying Structure of Licochalcone C Extracted from Glycyrrhiza inflata Induces Apoptosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2019; 78:65-76. [PMID: 31707583 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-019-00892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant cancers with a low 5-year survival rate. Licochalcone (LC) H, a chemically synthesized substance, is a regioisomer of LCC extracted from licorice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether LCH might have anticancer effect on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines via apoptosis signaling pathway. After 48 h of treatment, IC50 of LCH in KYSE 30, KYSE 70, KYSE 410, KYSE 450, and KYSE 510 cells were 15, 14, 18, 15, and 16 μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that LCH potently suppressed proliferation of ESCC cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. LCH triggered G2/M-phase arrest by modulating expression levels of cdc2, cyclin B1, p21, and p27. LCH also induced apoptosis of ESCC cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via JNK/p38 activation pathways. The anticancer effect of LCH was associated with ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. It also affected protein levels of Mcl-1, tBid, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, PARP, cleaved-PARP, and ER stress-related proteins (GRP78 and CHOP). Our findings provide the first demonstration that LCH has anticancer effect on ESCC. Thus, LCH might have potential for preventing and/or treating human ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Won Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, PR China
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea. .,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, PR China.
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14
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Shirazi Z, Aalami A, Tohidfar M, Sohani MM. Triterpenoid gene expression and phytochemical content in Iranian licorice under salinity stress. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:827-837. [PMID: 30623261 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-01340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is a well-known medicinal plant, containing various secondary metabolites of triterpenoid and phenolic families. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on the expression of key genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoids such as glycyrrhizin, betulinic acid, soyasaponins, and phytosterols in licorice root, as well as providing a phonemic platform to characterize antioxidant properties, glycyrrhizin, and total phenolic content. This study also includes measuring the gene expression level and glycyrrhizin content in leaves and roots of control plants. The studied genes included squalene synthase (SQS1 and SQS2), β-amyrin synthase (bAS), lupeol synthase (LUS), cycloartenol synthase (CAS), β-amyrin 11-oxidase (CYP88D6), and β-amyrin 24-hydroxylase (CYP93E6). Our results revealed that all of the mentioned genes were upregulated following the stress condition with different transcription rates. The highest increase (12-fold) was observed for the expression of the LUS gene, which is related to the betulinic acid pathway. Also, the highest content of glycyrrhizin was observed at 72 h post-treatment, which was consistent with the upregulated transcription levels of the glycyrrhizin pathway genes especially SQS1 and CYP88D6 at the same time. Correlation and stepwise regression analysis proved the key role of SQS1 gene in the biosynthetic pathway of glycyrrhizin. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content also were increased following stress condition. A comparison between the expression levels of SQS1 and other genes involved in the production of glycyrrhizin, phytosterols, and soyasaponins revealed a similar transcription trend, which shows the gene expression in the roots was significantly higher than the leaves. In contrast, SQS2 and LUS genes displayed a higher expression in leaf tissues. The genes related to betulinic acid biosynthetic pathway exhibited an expression rate different from other triterpenoid pathway genes, which could be observed in the leaves and roots of control plants and the roots of salt-treated plants. Furthermore, results showed that these two SQS genes have different expression rates due to different plant tissues (roots and leaves) and stress conditions. Importantly, in contrast to previous reports, we detected the glycyrrhizin in leaf tissues. This result may indicate the presence of a different genetic background in native Iranian licorice germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shirazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Ali Aalami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran.
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sohani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
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15
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Zhao Y, Cao Y, Chen H, Zhuang F, Wu C, Yoon G, Zhu W, Su Y, Zheng S, Liu Z, Cheon SH. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of novel allyl-retrochalcones as a new class of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:963-977. [PMID: 30737132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of novel protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor retrochalcones having an allyl chain at the C-5 position of their B ring. Biological screening results showed that the majority of these compounds exhibited an inhibitory activity against PTP1B. Thus, preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) and quantitative SAR analyses were conducted. Among the compounds, 23 was the most potent inhibitor, exhibiting the highest in vitro inhibitory activity against PTP1B with an IC50 of 0.57 µM. Moreover, it displayed a significant hepatoprotective property via activation of the IR pathway in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. In addition, the results of our docking study showed that 23, as a specific inhibitor of PTP1B, effectively transformed the WPD loop from "close" to "open" in the active site. These results may reveal suitable compounds for the development of PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongkai Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fei Zhuang
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Goo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Ying Su
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Suqing Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Seung Hoon Cheon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-Ro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Mamedov NA, Egamberdieva D. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Licorice: A Review. PLANT AND HUMAN HEALTH, VOLUME 3 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123875 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Licorice (or “liquorice”) is one of most widely used in foods, herbal medicine, and extensively researched medicinal plants of the world. In traditional medicine licorice roots have been used against treating many ailments including lung diseases, arthritis, kidney diseases, eczema, heart diseases, gastric ulcer, low blood pressure, allergies, liver toxicity, and certain microbial infections. Licorice extract contains sugars, starch, bitters, resins, essential oils, tannins, inorganic salts, and low levels of nitrogenous constituents such as proteins, individual amino acids, and nucleic acids. A large number of biological active compounds have been isolated from Glycyrrhiza species, where triterpene saponins and flavonoids are the main constitutes which show broad biological activity. This review examines recent studies on the phytochemical and pharmacological data and describes some side effects and toxicity of licorice and its bioactive components.
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17
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Oh HN, Oh KB, Lee MH, Seo JH, Kim E, Yoon G, Cho SS, Cho YS, Choi HW, Chae JI, Shim JH. JAK2 regulation by licochalcone H inhibits the cell growth and induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:60-69. [PMID: 30599913 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Licochalconce (LC) H is an artificial compound in the course of synthesizing LCC in 2013. So far, few studies on the effects of LCH have been found in the literature. Despite progress in treatment modalities for oral cancer, the cure from cancer has still limitations. PURPOSE The effects of LCH were investigated on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells to elucidate its mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN We explored the mechanism of action of LCH by which it could have effects on JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. METHODS To confirm LCH anti-cancer effect, analyzed were MTT assay, DAPI staining, soft agar, kinase assay, molecular docking simulation, flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS According to docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the predicted pose of the complex LCH and JAK2 seems reasonable and LCH is strongly bound to active JAK2 with opened activation loop. The LCH inhibitor is surrounded by specific ATP-binding pocket in which it is stabilized by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. It is shown that LCH plays as a competitive inhibitor in an active state of JAK2. LCH caused a dose-dependent decrease in phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. More interestingly, LCH suppressed JAK2 kinase activity in vitro by its direct binding to the JAK2. LCH significantly inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, causing the down-regulation of target genes such as Bcl-2, survivin, cyclin D1, p21 and p27. In addition, LCH inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation of OSCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as well as induction of cell apoptosis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. The induction of apoptosis in OSCC cells by LCH was evident in the increased production of ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cyto c, variation of apoptotic proteins and activation of caspase cascade. CONCLUSION LCH not only induces apoptosis in OSCC cells through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway but also inhibits cell growth. It is proposed that LCH has a promising use for the chemotherapeutic agent of oral cancer.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-Aminoactinomycin D
- Abbreviations: OSCC, Oral squamous cell carcinoma
- Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1
- Apoptosis
- C-PARP, cleaved Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase
- CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein
- DAPI, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DR, Death receptor
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JAK2
- LC, Licochalcone
- Licochalcone H
- MMP, Mitochondrial membrane potential
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Oral cancer
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- RT, Room temperature
- STAT, Signal transducer and activators of transcription
- STAT3
- TPK, tyrosine protein kinase
- cyto C, cytochrome C
- tBid, truncated Bid
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Bong Oh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ii Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea; The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China.
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18
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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Inhibitory Effect of Phenanthrenes and Dihydrostilbenes from
Dendrobium moniliforme
on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Nho SH, Yoon G, Seo JH, Oh HN, Cho SS, Kim H, Choi HW, Shim JH, Chae JI. Licochalcone H induces the apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via regulation of matrin 3. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:333-340. [PMID: 30320347 PMCID: PMC6278573 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone H (LCH) is a chemical compound that is a positional isomer of licochalcone C (LCC), a chalconoid isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, which has various pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer effects. However, the efficacy of LCH on cancer cells has not been investigated. The present study examined the effects of LCH on cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and the regulation of matrin 3 (Matr3) protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and western blot analysis. LCH reduced cell viability and colony forming ability, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HSC2 and HSC3 cells through the suppression of Matr3. It was also found that LCH directly bound to Matr3 in a Sepharose 4B pull-down assay. Consequently, the results of the present study suggest that LCH may be used as an anticancer drug in combination with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of OSCC, and that Matr3 may be a potential effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Nho
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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21
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Shirazi Z, Aalami A, Tohidfar M, Sohani MM. Metabolic Engineering of Glycyrrhizin Pathway by Over-Expression of Beta-amyrin 11-Oxidase in Transgenic Roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 60:412-419. [PMID: 29687371 PMCID: PMC7090481 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra is one of the most important and well-known medicinal plants which produces various triterpene saponins such as glycyrrhizin. Beta-amyrin 11-oxidase (CYP88D6) plays a key role in engineering pathway of glycyrrhizin production and converts an intermediated beta-amyrin compound to glycyrrhizin. In this study, pBI121GUS-9:CYP88D6 construct was transferred to G. glabra using Agrobacterium rhizogene ATCC 15834. The quantitation of transgene was measured in putative transgenic hairy roots using qRT-PCR. The amount of glycyrrhizin production was measured by HPLC in transgenic hairy root lines. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that CYP88D6 was over-expressed only in one of transgenic hairy root lines and was reduced in two others. Beta-amyrin 24-hydroxylase (CYP93E6) was significantly expressed in one of the control hairy root lines. The amount of glycyrrhizin metabolite in over-expressed line was more than or similar to that of control hairy root lines. According to the obtained results, it would be recommended that multi-genes of glycyrrhizin biosynthetic pathway be transferred simultaneously to the hairy root in order to increase glycyrrhizin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shirazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Khalij Fars Highway (5th Kilometer of Ghazvin Road), Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Ali Aalami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Khalij Fars Highway (5th Kilometer of Ghazvin Road), Rasht, 4199613776, Iran.
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Sohani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Khalij Fars Highway (5th Kilometer of Ghazvin Road), Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
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22
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Sharma V, Katiyar A, Agrawal RC. Glycyrrhiza glabra: Chemistry and Pharmacological Activity. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7124151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27027-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutic candidate compounds as a tremendous chemical diversity is found in millions of species of plants, animals, marine organisms, and microorganisms as potential medicinal agents. This chapter of research is an effort to highlight the phytochemical/chemical constituents of an ancient medicinal plant G. glabra and their pharmacological importance. G. glabra is an old age medicinal plant that belongs to Leguminosae/Fabaceae/Papilionaceae family and commonly known as mulaithi in north India. The chemical composition of G. glabra is glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetic acid, isoliquiritin, isoflavones, etc., and their derivatives have been reported for several pharmacological activities like, expectorant, antidemulcent, antiulcer, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, etc. These phytochemicals hold strong promise for designing new herbal drugs, and derivatives of these compounds are being generated to evaluate their pharmacological purposes for future drug use. Natural products have been a prime source for the treatment of many forms of ailments, many of which are consumed daily with the diet. They provide significant protection against various diseases and disorders.
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Lin Y, Kuang Y, Li K, Wang S, Ji S, Chen K, Song W, Qiao X, Ye M. Nrf2 activators from Glycyrrhiza inflata and their hepatoprotective activities against CCl 4-induced liver injury in mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5522-5530. [PMID: 28835349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza inflata (licorice) has been used to treat liver diseases for a long history. However, the bioactive compounds are still not clear. In this work, 77 compounds, including 9 new ones, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the roots and rhizomes of G. inflata. The Nrf2 activation activities of all compounds were screened using ARE-luciferase reporter assay on HepG2C8 cells. The results indicated a number of chalcones were potent Nrf2 activators, including 11 (licochalcone A, 4.07-fold), 12 (licochalcone B, 5.17-fold), and 19 (echinatin, 4.09-fold). Further studies indicated that 11, 12 and 19 remarkably attenuated CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice (10 or 50mg/kg, 7days, ig.). These compounds could be promising hepatoprotective natural agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.
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Lin Y, Kuang Y, Li K, Wang S, Song W, Qiao X, Sabir G, Ye M. Screening for bioactive natural products from a 67-compound library of Glycyrrhiza inflata. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3706-3713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Yu SJ, Cho IA, Kang KR, Jung YR, Cho SS, Yoon G, Oh JS, You JS, Seo YS, Lee GJ, Lee SY, Kim DK, Kim CS, Kim SG, Jeong MA, Kim JS. Licochalcone-E induces caspase-dependent death of human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells through the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3662-3668. [PMID: 28521469 PMCID: PMC5431251 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate licochalcone-E (Lico-E)-induced apoptosis and the associated apoptotic signaling pathway in FaDu cells, a human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cell line. Treatment with Lico-E exhibited significant cytotoxicity on FaDu cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 value of Lico-E in FaDu cells was ~50 µM. Treatment with Lico-E increased the number of dead FaDu cells. Furthermore, chromatin condensation, which is associated with apoptotic cell death, was observed in FaDu cells treated with Lico-E for 24 h. By contrast, Lico-E did not produce cytotoxicity or increase the number of dead cells when applied to human normal oral keratinocytes (hNOKs). Furthermore, chromatin condensation was not observed in hNOKs treated with Lico-E. Treatment with Lico-E increased the expression of Fas ligand and the cleaved form of caspase-8 in FaDu cells. Furthermore, treatment with Lico-E increased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, including apoptosis regulator BAX, Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death, apoptotic protease-activating factor 1, caspase-9 and tumor suppressor p53, while decreasing the expression of anti-apoptotic factors, including apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-like protein 1 in FaDu cells. The expression of cleaved caspases-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase was significantly upregulated following treatment with Lico-E in FaDu cells, while Lico-E-induced apoptotic FaDu cell death was partially suppressed by treatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan caspase inhibitor. Therefore, Lico-E-induced oral cancer (OC) cell-specific apoptosis is mediated by the death receptor-dependent extrinsic and mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways. In conclusion, these data suggested that Lico-E exhibits potential chemopreventive effects and warrants further developed as a chemotherapeutic agent against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Joun Yu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - In-A Cho
- Department of Biodental Engineering, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Rok Kang
- Department of Biodental Engineering, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Ra Jung
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Jeollanamdo 353-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Jeollanamdo 353-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seek You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Seob Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Je Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
- Oral Biology Research Institute, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Jeong
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Gangwon 259-13, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Pre-Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Kim E, Kim C, Kang YC, Liu Z, Kim SN, Kim HJ, Oak MH, Shim JH, Cho SS, Cheon SH, Yoon G. Molecular Modeling of Licochalcone E as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Kwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Kwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Kang
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Kwangju 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College; University Town; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangneung 210-340 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute; Mokpo National University; Muan Jeonnam 534-729 South Korea
| | - Min-ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute; Mokpo National University; Muan Jeonnam 534-729 South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Shim
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute; Mokpo National University; Muan Jeonnam 534-729 South Korea
| | - Seung Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute; Mokpo National University; Muan Jeonnam 534-729 South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Cheon
- College of Pharmacy; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute; Mokpo National University; Muan Jeonnam 534-729 South Korea
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Farajpour B. Applications of oxazolidinones as chiral auxiliaries in the asymmetric alkylation reaction applied to total synthesis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, a number of applications of chiral oxazolidinones in the asymmetric alkylation reaction applied to total synthesis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Behnaz Farajpour
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Alzahra University
- Tehran
- Iran
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Aleixo de Carvalho LS, Geraldo RB, de Moraes J, Silva Pinto PL, de Faria Pinto P, Pereira ODS, Da Silva Filho AA. Schistosomicidal activity and docking of Schistosoma mansoni ATPDase 1 with licoflavone B isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata (Fabaceae). Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang P, Yuan X, Wang Y, Zhao H, Sun X, Zheng Q. Licochalcone C induces apoptosis via B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins in T24 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7623-8. [PMID: 26397392 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the mechanisms by which licochalcone C induces apoptosis of T24 human malignant bladder cancer cells. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was investigated using a morphological assay, flow cytometry and a caspase‑3 activity assay. Alterations in the gene expression levels of Bcl‑2 family members were measured by semi‑quantitative reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction assays. The protein levels of pro‑caspase‑3 and cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase were measured using western blotting. The results indicated that licochalcone C induced T24 cell apoptosis in a concentration‑dependent manner. Licochalcone C treatment reduced the levels of the anti‑apoptotic mRNAs (Bcl‑2, Bcl‑w and Bcl‑XL) and increased expression of the pro‑apoptotic mRNAs (Bax and Bim). The Bcl‑2 family inhibitor (ABT‑737) reduced apoptosis induced by licochalcone C in T24 cells. The current study demonstrated that licochalcone C may be a potential adjuvant therapeutic agent for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xiling Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Heart‑Spleen Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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Oh GS, Lee GG, Yoon J, Oh WK, Kim SW. Selective inhibition of liver X receptor α-mediated lipogenesis in primary hepatocytes by licochalcone A. Chin Med 2015; 10:8. [PMID: 25937827 PMCID: PMC4416341 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a regulator of the lipogenic pathway and is transcriptionally activated by liver X receptor α (LXRα). This study aims to investigate phytochemicals inhibiting the autonomous transactivity of LXRα with potentials as SREBP-1c inhibitors. Licochalcone A (LicA) is a flavonoid isolated from licorice root of Glycyrrhiza plant. Methods The effects of 238 natural chemicals on autonomous transactivity of LXRα were determined by the Gal4-TK-luciferase reporter system. The inclusion criteria for chemical selection was significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of autonomous transactivity of LXRα from three independent experiments. Transcript levels of mouse primary hepatocytes were measured by conventional or quantitative RT-PCR. Luciferase assay was used to assess synthetic or natural promoter activities of LXRα target genes. The effect of LicA on lipogenic activity was evaluated by measuring cellular triglycerides in mouse primary hepatocytes. The recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the LXR response element (LXRE) region was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results Among 238 natural compounds, LicA considerably inhibited the autonomous transactivity of LXRα and decreased the LXRα-dependent expression of SREBP-1c. LicA inhibited not only LXRα-dependent activation of the synthetic LXRE promoter but also that of the natural SREBP-1c promoter. As a consequence, LicA reduced the LXRα agonist-stimulated transcription of several lipogenic genes. Furthermore, LXRα-dependent hepatic lipid accumulation was repressed by LicA in mouse primary hepatocytes. Interestingly, the LXRα-dependent activation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), other LXR target genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), was not inhibited by LicA. LicA hindered the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the LXRE of the SREBP-1c gene, but not of the ABCA1 gene. Conclusions LicA is a selective inhibitor of LXRα, repressing lipogenic LXRα target genes but not RCT-related LXRα target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyun-Sik Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea ; Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea
| | - Gang Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea ; Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea
| | - Jin Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea ; Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742 Korea
| | - Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea ; Bio-medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 138-736 Korea
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Guo Z, Niu X, Xiao T, Lu J, Li W, Zhao Y. Chemical profile and inhibition of α-glycosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activities by flavonoids from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kim KH, Yoon G, Cho JJ, Cho JH, Cho YS, Chae JI, Shim JH. Licochalcone A induces apoptosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma through downregulation of Sp1 and subsequent activation of mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1385-92. [PMID: 25586190 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA) is a natural product derived from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata exhibiting a wide range of bioactivities such as antitumor, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial effects. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with a poor prognosis because of its rapid progression. However, LCA has not been investigated concerning its effects on MPM. Preliminarily, we observed that LCA negatively modulated not only cell growth, but also specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression in MSTO-211H and H28 cell lines. It was found that IC50 values of LCA for growth inhibition of MSTO-211H and H28 cells were approximately 26 and 30 µM, respectively. Consistent with downregulation of Sp1, expression of Sp1 regulatory proteins such as Cyclin D1, Mcl-1 and Survivin was substantially diminished. Mechanistically, LCA triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by affecting the ratio of mitochondrial proapoptotic Bax to anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Bid induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, eventually leading to multi-caspase activation and increased sub-G1 population. Moreover, nuclear staining with DAPI highlighted nuclear condensation and fragmentation of apoptotic features. Flow cytometry analyses after staining cells with Annexin V and propiodium iodide corroborated LCA-mediated apoptotic cell death of MPM cells. In conclusion, these results present that LCA may be a potential bioactive material to control human MPM cells by apoptosis via the downregulation of Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hwi Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1000 Sindang-dong, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Cho JJ, Chae JI, Yoon G, Kim KH, Cho JH, Cho SS, Cho YS, Shim JH. Licochalcone A, a natural chalconoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata root, induces apoptosis via Sp1 and Sp1 regulatory proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:667-74. [PMID: 24858379 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA), a chalconoid derived from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, has been known to possess a wide range of biological functions such as antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, antiparasitic, anti-oxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anticancer effects of LCA on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not been reported. Our data showed that LCA inhibited OSCC cell (HN22 and HSC4) growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it was mediated via downregulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression and subsequent regulation of Sp1 downstream proteins such as p27, p21, cyclin D1, Mcl-1 and survivin. Here, we found that LCA caused apoptotic cell death in HSC4 and HN22 cells, as characterized by sub-G1 population, nuclear condensation, Annexin V staining, and multi-caspase activity and apoptotic regulatory proteins such as Bax, Bid, Bcl(-xl), caspase-3 and PARP. Consequently, this study strongly suggests that LCA induces apoptotic cell death of OSCC cells via downregulation of Sp1 expression, prompting its potential use for the treatment of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jae Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hwi Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Han JY, Park SH, Yang JH, Kim MG, Cho SS, Yoon G, Cheon SH, Ki SH. Licochalcone Suppresses LXRα-Induced Hepatic Lipogenic Gene Expression through AMPK/Sirt1 Pathway Activation. Toxicol Res 2014; 30:19-25. [PMID: 24795795 PMCID: PMC4007039 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone (LC), a major phenolic retrochalcone from licorice, has anti-inflammatory activity. This study investigated the effects of licochalcone A (LCA) and licochalcone E (LCE) on Liver X receptor-α (LXRα)-mediated lipogenic gene expression and the molecular mechanisms underlying those effects. LCA and LCE antagonized the ability of LXRα agonists (T0901317 or GW3965) to increase sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expression and thereby inhibited target gene expression (e.g., FAS and ACC) in HepG2 cells. Moreover, treatment with LCA and LCE impaired LXRα/RXRα-induced CYP7A1-LXRE-luciferase (CYP7A1) transactivation. The AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway is an important regulator of energy metabolism and, therefore, a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, including hepatic steatosis. We found here that LCE increased AMPK phosphorylation and Sirt1 expression. We conclude that LC inhibits SREBP-1c-mediated hepatic lipogenesis via activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Gwang Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Cheon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Kim SJ, Kim CG, Yun SR, Kim JK, Jun JG. Synthesis of licochalcone analogues with increased anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Cao Y, Paudel S, Yoon G, Cheon SH. Short and Efficient Synthesis of Licochalcone B and D Through Acid-Mediated Claisen-Schmidt Condensation. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.12.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xu T, Yang M, Li Y, Chen X, Wang Q, Deng W, Pang X, Yu K, Jiang B, Guan S, Guo DA. An integrated exact mass spectrometric strategy for comprehensive and rapid characterization of phenolic compounds in licorice. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2297-2309. [PMID: 24097385 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Licorice (Gancao) is derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species (Leguminosae) and appears as a component herb in about 60% of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that flavonoids are one class of the major components responsible for the bioactivities of licorice. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF MS) has proven to be a powerful tool for rapid profiling and identification of natural products in complex herbal medicines. METHODS A UPLC/QTOF MS method was established for the first time for profiling and structural characterization of the phenolic compounds (most of them flavonoids) in licorice. The combined use of data-independent acquisition (MS(E) ) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA) was illustrated. RESULTS Fifteen flavonoid reference compounds were used to explore the fragmentation pathways. Compound identification was based upon the exact mass, general fragmentation behaviors, retention times, UV absorption, and the related botanical biogenesis. As a result, a total of 51 compounds were characterized, three of which were reported for the first time. CONCLUSIONS The LC/MS analysis for each injection took less than 9 min. The developed method is fast, accurate and reliable due to its high resolution and high efficiency characteristics as a result of combining both UPLC separation and QTOF exact mass measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Haike Road 501, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Cao Y, Paudel S, Yoon G, Cheon SH. Concise synthesis of licochalcone C and its regioisomer, licochalcone H. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1432-6. [PMID: 23897165 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Licochalone C (7a) is a retrochalcone isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata, which shows potent antioxidant properties and inhibition of bacterial growth and cellular respiration. Biological studies have suggested that licochalcone C attenuates the lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma induced inflammatory response by decreasing the expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and modulating the antioxidant network activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Licochalcone C also inhibits NADH-cytochrome C reductase in the membrane fraction of Micrococcus luteus. Since pharmacological activity studies of licochalcone C are ongoing and the yield of the compound is poor from natural product, we report a concise four step synthesis of licochalcone C (7a) and its regioisomer, tentatively called licochalcone H (7b), by employing acid-mediated Claisen-Schmidt condensation as a key step with 6 and 20 % overall yield, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengtao Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
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Mechanisms by which licochalcone e exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties: studies with phorbol ester-treated mouse skin and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10926-43. [PMID: 23708096 PMCID: PMC3709710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we found that licochalcone E (LicE), a recently isolated retrochalcone from Glycyrrhiza inflata, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage models. Topical application of LicE (0.5–2 mg) effectively inhibited TPA-induced (1) ear edema formation; (2) phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), c-Jun, and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2; and (3) expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 proteins in mouse skin. The treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with LicE (2.5–7.5 μmol/L) induced a profound reduction in LPS-induced (1) release of NO and prostaglandin E2; (2) mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α; (3) promoter activity of iNOS and COX-2 and expression of their corresponding mRNAs and proteins; (4) activation of AKT, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), SAPK/JNK and c-Jun; (5) phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase-αβ and IκBα, degradation of IκBα, translocation of p65 (RelA) to the nucleus and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB; and (6) transcriptional activity of activator protein (AP)-1. These results indicate that the LicE inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 transcriptional activity through the inhibition of AKT and MAPK activation contributes to decreases in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inducible enzymes iNOS and COX-2.
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Kwon SJ, Park SY, Kwon GT, Lee KW, Kang YH, Choi MS, Yun JW, Jeon JH, Jun JG, Park JHY. Licochalcone E present in licorice suppresses lung metastasis in the 4T1 mammary orthotopic cancer model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:603-13. [PMID: 23625311 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether licochalcone E (LicE), a phenolic constituent of licorice, inhibits mammary tumor growth and metastasis using animal and cell culture models. 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells were injected into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic BALB/c mice. Starting 7 days after the injection, the mice received LicE (7 or 14 mg/kg body weight/day) via oral gavage for 25 days. LicE suppressed solid tumor growth and lung metastasis, but did not exhibit kidney or liver toxicity. In tumor tissues, LicE treatment induced a reduction in the expression of Ki67, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases and stimulated apoptosis with increased expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 but decreased expression of Bcl-2. In addition, LicE decreased expression of CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and C, VEGF-receptor 2, lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor-1, CD45, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α in tumor tissues. In lung tissues, LicE reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenesis/metastasis-related proteins. In mammary cancer cell cultures, LicE (5-20 μmol/L) dose dependently inhibited cell migration and invasion. LicE inhibited secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and VEGF-A, and stimulated secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, LicE inhibited tube formation of vascular endothelial cells. We show that LicE administration suppressed tumor growth and lung metastasis in the mouse model in conjunction with LicE inhibition of cell migration, invasion, and tube formation in vitro. Reduced tumor growth and metastasis in LicE-treated mice may be, at least in part, attributed to reduced inflammation and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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An update on antitumor activity of naturally occurring chalcones. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:815621. [PMID: 23690855 PMCID: PMC3652162 DOI: 10.1155/2013/815621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones, which have characteristic 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one skeleton, are mainly produced in roots, rhizomes, heartwood, leaves, and seeds of genera Angelica, Sophora, Glycyrrhiza, Humulus, Scutellaria, Parartocarpus, Ficus, Dorstenia, Morus, Artocarpus, and so forth. They have become of interest in the research and development of natural antitumor agents over the past decades due to their broad range of mechanisms including anti-initiation, induction of apoptosis, antiproliferation, antimetastasis, antiangiogenesis, and so forth. This review summarizes the studies on the antitumor activity of naturally occurring chalcones and their underlying mechanisms in detail during the past decades.
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Quan HY, Kim SJ, Kim DY, Jo HK, Kim GW, Chung SH. Licochalcone A regulates hepatic lipid metabolism through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:208-16. [PMID: 23500383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LA) is a major phenolic ingredient of Glycyrrhiza plant. Although multiple pharmacological activities of LA have been reported, effect on hepatic lipid metabolism is unknown yet. The present study showed LA to suppress the hepatic triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells and ICR mice fed on a high fat diet (HFD). LA inhibited lipogenesis via suppression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and its target enzymes (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, fatty acid synthase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase) transcription. In addition, LA up-regulated gene expression of proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and fatty acid transporter (FAT/CD36), which are responsible for lipolysis and fatty acid transport, respectively. These effects were mediated through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and were abrogated when HepG2 cells were treated with an AMPK inhibitor, compound C. To explore how LA activates AMPK, oxygen consumption rate and ATP levels were measured in HepG2 cells. LA significantly inhibited the mitochondrial respiration and ATP levels, suggesting that LA activated AMPK indirectly. In animal study, LA (5 and 10mg/kg) was orally administered to six-week-old mice once a day for 3 weeks. In vitro results were likely to hold true in vivo experiment, as LA markedly lowered the triglyceride levels and activated AMPK signaling pathway in the liver of ICR mice fed on a HFD. In conclusion, the current study suggests that LA suppressed hepatic triglyceride accumulation through modulation of AMPK-SREBP signaling pathway and thus LA may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yan Quan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim SS, Lim J, Bang Y, Gal J, Lee SU, Cho YC, Yoon G, Kang BY, Cheon SH, Choi HJ. Licochalcone E activates Nrf2/antioxidant response element signaling pathway in both neuronal and microglial cells: therapeutic relevance to neurodegenerative disease. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1314-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Park HG, Bak EJ, Woo GH, Kim JM, Quan Z, Kim JM, Yoon HK, Cheon SH, Yoon G, Yoo YJ, Na Y, Cha JH. Licochalcone E has an antidiabetic effect. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:759-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ryu JS. A journey towards natural licochalcone E: from isolation to asymmetric total synthesis. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 34:1219-22. [PMID: 21910041 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the promising biological activities of licochalcone E first isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflate, several synthetic efforts have been made to obtain this valuable natural product in a large scale. In this issue, Cheon et al. (Liu et al., 2011) accomplished the stereoselective synthesis of (R)-(+)-licochalcone E. This report covers licochalcone E from isolation to the stereoselective total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sang Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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Stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-licochalcone E. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1269-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jeon JH, Kim MR, Kwon EM, Lee NR, Jun JG. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Licochalcone E through Water-Accelerated [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Aryl Ether. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.3.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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