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Baumgartner A, Dobaj N, Planinšek O. Investigating the Influence of Processing Conditions on Dissolution and Physical Stability of Solid Dispersions with Fenofibrate and Mesoporous Silica. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:575. [PMID: 38794237 PMCID: PMC11125193 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to enhance the solubility of the poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate, by loading it onto mesoporous silica, forming amorphous solid dispersions. Solid dispersions with 30% fenofibrate were prepared using the solvent evaporation method with three solvents (ethyl acetate, acetone, and isopropanol) at different temperatures (40 °C, boiling point temperature). Various characteristics, including solid-state properties, particle morphology, and drug release, were evaluated by different methods and compared to a pure drug and a physical mixture of fenofibrate and silica. Results revealed that higher solvent temperatures facilitated complete amorphization and rapid drug release, with solvent choice having a lesser impact. The optimal conditions for preparation were identified as ethyl acetate at boiling point temperature. Solid dispersions with different fenofibrate amounts (20%, 25%, 35%) were prepared under these conditions. All formulations were fully amorphous, and their dissolution profiles were comparable to the formulation with 30% fenofibrate. Stability assessments after 8 weeks at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity indicated that formulations prepared with ethyl acetate and at 40 °C were physically stable. Interestingly, some formulations showed improved dissolution profiles compared to initial tests. In conclusion, mesoporous silica-based solid dispersions effectively improved fenofibrate dissolution and demonstrated good physical stability if prepared under appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Baumgartner
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (O.P.)
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Trivedi R, Chatterjee B, Kalave S, Pandya M. Role of Fine Silica as Amorphous Solid Dispersion Carriers for Enhancing Drug Load and Preventing Recrystallization- A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2023; 20:694-707. [PMID: 35899950 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220721111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a popular concept for improving the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. ASD faces two primary challenges of low drug loading and recrystallization upon storage. Several polymeric carriers are used to fabricate a stable ASD formulation with a high drug load. The role of silica in this context has been proven significant. Different types of silica, porous and nonporous, have been used to develop ASD. Amorphous drugs get entrapped into silica pores or adsorbed on their surface. Due to high porosity and wide surface area, silica provides better drug dissolution and high drug loading. Recrystallization of amorphous drugs is inhibited by limited molecular ability inside the delicate pores due to hydrogen bonding with the surface silanol groups. A handful of researches have been published on silica-based ASD, where versatile types of silica have been used. However, the effect of different kinds of silica on product stability and drug loading has been rarely addressed. The present study analyzes multiple porous and nonporous silica types and their distinct role in developing a stable ASD. Emphasis has been given to various types of silica which are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Trivedi
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Sana Kalave
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Mrugank Pandya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Baumgartner A, Planinšek O. Application of commercially available mesoporous silica for drug dissolution enhancement in oral drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106015. [PMID: 34547382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the high number of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, oral drug delivery development has become challenging. One of the strategies to enhance drug solubility and to achieve high oral bioavailability is to formulate such compounds into amorphous solid dispersions. In recent years, porous materials have been investigated as possible carriers into which a drug can be adsorbed, such as mesoporous silica, in particular. Unlike the ordered mesoporous network of silica, non-ordered silica already has a "generally regarded as safe" status, and is already used as an excipient in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that products that contain solid dispersions with non-ordered carriers will reach the market sooner and more easily than those with ordered mesoporous carriers. The emphasis of this review is therefore on non-ordered commercially available mesoporous silica and the progress that has been made in development of the use of these materials for improved dissolution rates in oral drug delivery. First, a thorough categorisation of the drug loading methods is presented, followed by discussion on the most important characteristics of solid dispersions (i.e., physical state, stability, drug release). Finally, manufacturability and production of a final solid dosage form are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Baumgartner
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Odon Planinšek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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Šoltys M, Zůza D, Boleslavská T, Machač Akhlasová S, Balouch M, Kovačík P, Beránek J, Škalko-Basnet N, Flaten GE, Štěpánek F. Drug loading to mesoporous silica carriers by solvent evaporation: A comparative study of amorphization capacity and release kinetics. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120982. [PMID: 34371148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of poorly aqueous soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) to mesoporous silica carriers is an increasingly common formulation strategy for dissolution rate enhancement for this challenging group of substances. However, the success of this approach for a particular API depends on an array of factors including the properties of the porous carrier, the loading method, or the attempted mass fraction of the API. At present, there is no established methodology for the rational selection of these parameters. In the present work, we report a systematic comparison of four well-characterised silica carriers and seven APIs loaded by the same solvent evaporation method. In each case, we find the maximum amorphization capacity by x-ray powder diffraction analysis and measure the in vitro drug release kinetics. For a selected case, we also demonstrate the potential for bioavailability enhancement by a permeation essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Šoltys
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - David Zůza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Boleslavská
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Machač Akhlasová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Balouch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kovačík
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Beránek
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Stable and Fast-Dissolving Amorphous Drug Composites Preparation via Impregnation of Neusilin® UFL2. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:170-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ahad A, Shakeel F, Raish M, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM. Solubility and Thermodynamic Analysis of Antihypertensive Agent Nitrendipine in Different Pure Solvents at the Temperature Range of 298.15 to 318.15°K. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2737-2743. [PMID: 28321695 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to ascertain the solubility of nitrendipine (NP), an antihypertensive drug in six different pure solvents such as water, ethyl acetate (EA), ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), and Transcutol at temperature from 298.15 to 318.15 K under atmospheric pressure (p) of 0.1 MPa. Experimental solubility data of NP was fitted with Apelblat and ideal models. The mole fraction solubility of NP was found maximum in PEG-400 (6.85 × 10-2 at 318.15 K) followed by Transcutol (4.65 × 10-2 at 318.15 K), EA (1.68 × 10-2 at 318.15 K), ethanol (2.83 × 10-3 at 318.15 K), IPA (2.69 × 10-3 at 318.15 K), and water (1.29 × 10-7 at 318.15 K). The dissolution activity of NP was observed as an endothermic, spontaneous, and an entropy-driven in most of studied pure solvents. The solubility data of NP obtained in the present study could be useful in purification, recrystallization, and dosage forms design of NP.
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Hellrup J, Holmboe M, Nartowski KP, Khimyak YZ, Mahlin D. Structure and Mobility of Lactose in Lactose/Sodium Montmorillonite Nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13214-13225. [PMID: 27951698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the molecular level organization and molecular mobility in montmorillonite nanocomposites with the uncharged organic low-molecular-weight compound lactose commonly used in pharmaceutical drug delivery, food technology, and flavoring. Nanocomposites were prepared under slow and fast drying conditions, attained by drying at ambient conditions and by spray-drying, respectively. A detailed structural investigation was performed with modulated differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microcalorimetry, and molecular dynamics simulations. The lactose was intercalated in the sodium montmorillonite interlayer space regardless of the clay content, drying rate, or humidity exposure. Although, the spray-drying resulted in higher proportion of intercalated lactose compared with the drying under ambient conditions, nonintercalated lactose was present at 20 wt % lactose content and above. This indicates limitations in maximum loading capacity of nonionic organic substances into the montmorillonite interlayer space. Furthermore, a fraction of the intercalated lactose in the co-spray-dried nanocomposites diffused out from the clay interlayer space upon humidity exposure. Also, the lactose in the nanocomposites demonstrated higher molecular mobility than that of neat amorphous lactose. This study provides a foundation for understanding functional properties of lactose/Na-MMT nanocomposites, such as loading capacity and physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hellrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Holmboe
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karol P Nartowski
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Hellrup J, Mahlin D. Confinement of Amorphous Lactose in Pores Formed Upon Co-Spray Drying With Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2016; 106:322-330. [PMID: 27836110 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating factors influencing humidity-induced recrystallization of amorphous lactose, produced by co-spray drying with particles of cellulose nanocrystals or sodium montmorillonite. In particular, the focus is on how the nanoparticle shape and surface properties influence the nanometer to micrometer length scale nanofiller arrangement in the nanocomposites and how the arrangements influence the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of the amorphous to crystalline transition. The nanocomposites were produced by co-spray drying. Solid-state transformations were analyzed at 60%-94% relative humidity using X-ray powder diffraction, microcalorimetry, and light microscopy. The recrystallization rate constant for the lactose/cellulose nanocrystals and lactose/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites was lowered at nanofiller contents higher than 60% and was stable for months at 80% nanofiller. The most likely explanation to these results is spontaneous formations of mesoporous particle networks that the lactose is confined upon co-spray drying at high filler content. Compartmentalization and rigidification of the amorphous lactose proved to be less important mechanisms involved in the stabilization of lactose in the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hellrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Denny Mahlin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Elucidation of Compression-Induced Surface Crystallization in Amorphous Tablets Using Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) Microscopy. Pharm Res 2016; 34:957-970. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Hellrup J, Alderborn G, Mahlin D. Inhibition of Recrystallization of Amorphous Lactose in Nanocomposites Formed by Spray-Drying. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3760-3769. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Practical approach to prepare solid dispersion drug product using spherical silicate. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:364-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Tawfeek HM, Saleem IY, Roberts M. Dissolution Enhancement and Formulation of Rapid-Release Lornoxicam Mini-Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2470-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sun DD, Lee PI. Crosslinked hydrogels-a promising class of insoluble solid molecular dispersion carriers for enhancing the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:26-36. [PMID: 26579361 PMCID: PMC4590291 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Water-insoluble materials containing amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are an emerging category of drug carriers which can effectively improve dissolution kinetics and kinetic solubility of poorly soluble drugs. ASDs based on water-insoluble crosslinked hydrogels have unique features in contrast to those based on conventional water-soluble and water-insoluble carriers. For example, solid molecular dispersions of poorly soluble drugs in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) can maintain a high level of supersaturation over a prolonged period of time via a feedback-controlled diffusion mechanism thus avoiding the initial surge of supersaturation followed by a sharp decline in drug concentration typically encountered with ASDs based on water-soluble polymers. The creation of both immediate- and controlled-release ASD dosage forms is also achievable with the PHEMA based hydrogels. So far, ASD systems based on glassy PHEMA have been shown to be very effective in retarding precipitation of amorphous drugs in the solid state to achieve a robust physical stability. This review summarizes recent research efforts in investigating the potential of developing crosslinked PHEMA hydrogels as a promising alternative to conventional water-soluble ASD carriers, and a related finding that the rate of supersaturation generation does affect the kinetic solubility profiles implications to hydrogel based ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping I. Lee
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 416 946 0606; fax: +1 416 978 8511.
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15
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Ahern RJ, Hanrahan JP, Tobin JM, Ryan KB, Crean AM. Comparison of fenofibrate–mesoporous silica drug-loading processes for enhanced drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:400-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang YR, Zhang ZH, Liu QY, Hu SY, Chen XY, Jia XB. Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of tanshinone IIA solid dispersions with silica nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2285-93. [PMID: 23836971 PMCID: PMC3699171 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s40374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared solid dispersions (SDs) of tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) with silica nanoparticles, which function as dispersing carriers, using a spray-drying method and evaluated their in vitro dissolution and in vivo performance. The extent of TSIIA dissolution in the silica nanoparticles/TSIIA system (weight ratio, 5:1) was approximately 92% higher than that of the pure drug after 60 minutes. However, increasing the content of silica nanoparticles from 5:1 to 7:1 in this system did not significantly increase the rate or extent of TSIIA dissolution. The physicochemical properties of SDs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Studying the stability of the SDs of TSIIA revealed that the drug content of the formulation and dissolution behavior was unchanged under the applied storage conditions. In vivo tests showed that SDs of the silica nanoparticles/TSIIA had a significantly larger area under the concentration-time curve, which was 1.27 times more than that of TSIIA (P < 0.01). Additionally, the values of maximum plasma concentration and the time to reach maximum plasma concentration of the SDs were higher than those of TSIIA and the physical mixing system. Based on these results, we conclude that the silica nanoparticle based SDs achieved complete dissolution, increased absorption rate, maintained drug stability, and showed improved oral bioavailability compared to TSIIA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-rong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Patel VI, Dave RH. Evaluation of colloidal solid dispersions: physiochemical considerations and in vitro release profile. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:620-8. [PMID: 23494469 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-9947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal solid dispersion is an innovative breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry that overcomes the solubility-related issue of poorly soluble drugs by using an amorphous approach and also the stability-related issue by means of a complex formation phenomenon using different carrier materials. In the present study, a newly developed adsorption method is introduced to incorporate a high-energy sulfathiazole-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Plasdone® K-29/32) solid dispersion on porous silicon dioxide (Syloid® 244FP). Different ternary systems of sulfathiazole-Plasdone® K-29/32-Syloid® 244FP were prepared (1:1:2, 1:1:3, and 1:2:2) and categorized depending on the mechanism by which Syloid® 244FP was incorporated. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and in vitro dissolution studies were conducted to characterize the ternary systems. The X-ray diffraction and MDSC data showed a lack of crystallinity in all internal and external ternary systems, suggesting a loss of the crystallinity of sulfathiazole compared to the physical mixtures. USP apparatus II was used to measure the in vitro dissolution rate of the prepared systems at 75 rpm in different media. The dissolution rate of the optimum ratio (1:2:2) containing an internal ternary solid dispersion system was found to be three times higher than that of the external and physical systems. Thus, the porous silicon dioxide incorporated into the conventional binary solid dispersion acted as a carrier to disperse the complex and increase the dissolution rate.
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 972] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Kim MS. Soluplus-coated colloidal silica nanomatrix system for enhanced supersaturation and oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 41:363-7. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2012.762369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Beg S, Jena SS, Patra CN, Rizwan M, Swain S, Sruti J, Rao MB, Singh B. Development of solid self-nanoemulsifying granules (SSNEGs) of ondansetron hydrochloride with enhanced bioavailability potential. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 101:414-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Processing and formulation of drug nanoparticles by ternary cogrinding with methacrylic copolymer and sucrose fatty acid esters. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Beg S, Swain S, Singh HP, Patra CN, Rao MEB. Development, optimization, and characterization of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of valsartan using porous carriers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1416-27. [PMID: 23070560 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies entail formulation development of novel solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS) of valsartan with improved oral bioavailability, and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo performance. Preliminary solubility studies were carried out and pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed using blends of oil (Capmul MCM), surfactant (Labrasol), and cosurfactant (Tween 20). The SNEDDS were systematically optimized by response surface methodology employing 3(3-)Box-Behnken design. The prepared SNEDDS were characterized for viscocity, refractive index, globule size, zeta potential, and TEM. Optimized liquid SNEDDS were formulated into free flowing granules by adsorption on the porous carriers like Aerosil 200, Sylysia (350, 550, and 730) and Neusilin US2, and compressed into tablets. In vitro dissolution studies of S-SNEDDS revealed 3-3.5-fold increased in dissolution rate of the drug due to enhanced solubility. In vivo pharmacodynamic studies in Wistar rats showed significant reduction in mean systolic BP by S-SNEDDS vis-à-vis oral suspension (p < 0.05) owing to the drug absorption through lymphatic pathways. Solid-state characterization of S-SNEDDS using FT-IR and powder XRD studies confirmed lack of any significant interaction of drug with lipidic excipients and porous carriers. Further, the accelerated stability studies for 6 months revealed that S-SNEDDS are found to be stable without any change in physiochemical properties. Thus, the present studies demonstrated the bioavailability enhancement potential of porous carriers based S-SNEDDS for a BCS class II drug, valsartan.
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Beg S, Swain S, Singh HP, Patra CN, Rao MEB. Development, Optimization, and Characterization of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems of Valsartan Using Porous Carriers. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9865-5 pmid: 23070560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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25
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Jondhale S, Bhise S, Pore Y. Physicochemical investigations and stability studies of amorphous gliclazide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:448-59. [PMID: 22382730 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliclazide (GLI), a poorly water-soluble antidiabetic, was transformed into a glassy state by melt quench technique in order to improve its physicochemical properties. Chemical stability of GLI during formation of glass was assessed by monitoring thin-layer chromatography, and an existence of amorphous form was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The glass transition occurred at 67.5°C. The amorphous material thus generated was examined for its in vitro dissolution performance in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Surprisingly, amorphous GLI did not perform well and was unable to improve the dissolution characteristics compared to pure drug over entire period of dissolution studies. These unexpected results might be due to the formation of a cohesive supercooled liquid state and structural relaxation of amorphous form toward the supercooled liquid region which indicated functional inability of amorphous GLI from stability point of view. Hence, stabilization of amorphous GLI was attempted by elevation of T(g) via formation of solid dispersion systems involving comprehensive antiplasticizing as well as surface adsorption mechanisms. The binary and ternary amorphous dispersions prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (as antiplasticizer for elevation of T (g)) and Aerosil 200® and/or Sylysia® 350 (as adsorbent) in the ratio of 1:1:1 (w/w) using kneading and spray-drying techniques demonstrated significant enhancement in rate and extent of dissolution of drug initially. During accelerated stability studies, ternary systems showed no significant reduction in drug dissolution performance over a period of 3 months indicating excellent stabilization of amorphous GLI.
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Gorajana A, Rajendran A, Dua K, Pabreja K, Hoon TP. Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Nitrendipine Solid Dispersions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.579829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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A novel surface modified nitrendipine nanocrystals with enhancement of bioavailability and stability. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:366-71. [PMID: 22531846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan, a cationic polymer with positive charge, was introduced to modify the nanocrystals of nitrendipine with negative charge. The nanocrystals were prepared via precipitation-high pressure homogenization method. Then the nanocrystals were dispersed into chitosan solution, and the free chitosan was removed by centrifugation to obtain the chitosan modified nanocrystals, which remained the same particle size. However, the zeta-potential changed to positive after modification. The physical stability of the chitosan modified nanocrystals was remarkably improved under ambient conditions. During the in vitro dissolution test, the modified nanocrystals showed a certain degree of slow-release property. In the in vivo study, the C(max) of nitrendipine remained the same, however, the T(max) delayed from 0.75 h to 1.5 h with the chitosan modified nanocrystals. The surface modification by chitosan improved the bioavailability compared with the initial nanocrystals, which had demonstrated significant improvement of bioavailability compared to the traditional coarse powder form. Based on the experimental results, modification of the nanocrystals with certain polymer was supposed to be a good method to control the in vitro and in vivo behaviors of the nanocrystals, which could further increase the bioavailability of the water insoluble drug.
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Quan P, Xia D, Piao H, Piao H, Shi K, Jia Y, Cui F. Nitrendipine nanocrystals: its preparation, characterization, and in vitro-in vivo evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:1136-43. [PMID: 21892695 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of developing a solid formulation containing nitrendipine nanocrystals for oral delivery. Nitrendipine nanocrystals were prepared using a tandem precipitation-homogenization process. Then, spray drying, a cost-effective method very popular in industrial situations, was employed to convert the nanocrystals into a solid form. The parameters of the preparation process were investigated and optimized. The optimal process was as follows: firstly, nitrendipine/acetone solution (100 mg/ml) was added to a polyvinyl alcohol solution (1 mg/ml) at 10°C, then the pre-suspension was homogenized for 20 cycles at 1,000 bar. Both differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that nitrendipine was present in crystalline form. The in vitro dissolution rate of the nanocrystals was significantly increased compared with the physical mixture and commercial tablet. The in vivo testing demonstrated that the C(max) of the nanocrystals was approximately 15-fold and 10-fold greater than that of physical mixture and commercial tablet, respectively. In addition, the AUC(0→24) of the nanocrystals was approximately 41-fold and 10-fold greater than that of physical mixture and commercial tablet, respectively.
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29
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Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of sorafenib suspension, nanoparticles and nanomatrix for oral administration to rat. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wadhwa J, Nair A, Kumria R. Self-emulsifying therapeutic system: a potential approach for delivery of lipophilic drugs. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502011000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-emulsifying therapeutic system (SETs) provide an effective and intelligent solution to the various issues related to the formulation of hydrophobic drugs with limited solubility in gastrointestinal fluid. Although the potential utility of SETs is well known, only in recent years has a mechanistic understanding of the impact of these systems on drug disposition emerged. These in situ emulsion-forming systems have a high stability when incorporated in various dosage forms. SETs are being looked upon as systems which can overcome the problems associated with delivery of poorly water soluble drugs. An in-depth knowledge about lipids and surfactants that can contribute to these systems, criterion for their selection and the proportion in which they can be used, represent some crucial factors determining the in vivo performance of these systems. This article presents a comprehensive account of various types of self-emulsifying formulations with emphasis on their composition and examples of currently marketed preparations.
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Solid dispersion formulations of megestrol acetate with copovidone for enhanced dissolution and oral bioavailability. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:127-35. [PMID: 21468924 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to enhance the dissolution profile and oral bioavailability of megestrol acetate (MA), solid dispersions of MA (MASDs) were formulated with copovidone and crystal sugar as a hydrophilic polymeric carrier and an inert core bead, respectively. Solvent evaporation method and fluidized bed coating technique were employed. MASDs were categorized as crystalline solid dispersion by the characterization of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The mass-median diameters of MASDs were in a range of 1.4 to 2.6 μm. Based on drug to polymer ratio, MASD (1:1) and (1:2) were considered as optimized formulations, resulting in a smooth-surfaced homogeneously coated layer with enhanced dissolution rate. Dissolution of MASD was gradually increased up to 15 min, after which it reached a plateau. For the initial period, dissolution rates were in the decreasing order of MASD (1:2) ≥ MASD (1:1) > MASD (1:3) > MASD (1:5) > MASD (1:0.5) > MA powder. In the comparative pharmacokinetic study with Megace OS, a reference drug product, MASD (1:1) showed improved bioavailability of over 220% with 2-fold higher C(max) and 30% faster T(max). We conclude that MASD (1:1) is a good candidate for the development of oral solid dosage forms.
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Yamagishi SI, Maeda S, Matsui T, Ueda S, Fukami K, Okuda S. Role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress in vascular complications in diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:663-71. [PMID: 21440603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids contributes to the aging of macromolecules, whose process has been known to progress at an accelerated rate under hyperglycemic and/or oxidative stress conditions. Over a course of days to weeks, early glycation products undergo further reactions such as rearrangements and dehydration to become irreversibly cross-linked, fluorescent protein derivatives termed advanced glycation end products (AGEs). SCOPE OF REVIEW In this paper, we review the role of AGE-oxidative stress axis and its therapeutic interventions in vascular complications in diabetes. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AGEs elicit oxidative stress generation and subsequently cause inflammatory and thrombogenic reactions in various types of cells via interaction with a receptor for AGEs (RAGE), thereby being involved in vascular complications in diabetes. In addition, mitochondrial superoxide generation has been shown to play an important role in the formation and accumulation of AGEs under diabetic conditions. Further, we have recently found that a pathophysiological crosstalk between AGE-RAGE axis and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) could contribute to the progression of vascular damage in diabetes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations suggest that inhibition of AGE-RAGE-oxidative stress axis or blockade of its interaction with RAS is a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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Miura H, Kanebako M, Shirai H, Nakao H, Inagi T, Terada K. Influence of Particle Design on Oral Absorption of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug in a Silica Particle-Supercritical Fluid System. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:686-91. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miura
- Fuji Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd
| | - Makoto Kanebako
- Fuji Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd
| | - Hiroyuki Shirai
- Fuji Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd
| | - Hiroshi Nakao
- Fuji Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd
| | - Toshio Inagi
- Fuji Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd
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Shibata N, Nishumura A, Naruhashi K, Nakao Y, Miura R. Preparation and pharmaceutical evaluation of new sustained-release capsule including starch-sponge matrix (SSM). Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:352-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Dai Y, Mihara Y, Tanaka S, Watanabe K, Terui N. Nitrobenzene-adsorption capacity of carbon materials released during the combustion of woody biomass. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 174:776-781. [PMID: 19853376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the adsorptive ability of carbon materials (C1 and C2) released during the combustion of woody biomass. The physical and chemical properties, adsorption dynamics and adsorption isotherms of the adsorbents were compared with those of commercially available carbon that was powdered and activated. The percent nitrobenzene adsorption from an aqueous solution (nitrobenzene: 50mg/L) after 3h of adsorption using C1 was 92% compared with 81% when using the activated carbon powder. The saturated adsorption amounts of nitrobenzene were 294 mg/g for C1 and 344 mg/g for the activated carbon powder. However, the adsorption equilibrium constant for C1 was approximately 7-fold greater than that of the activated carbon powder. The methylene blue-adsorption capacity of C1 was similar to nitrobenzene adsorption. Thus, the results of the present study confirm that the carbon material resulting from the combustion of woody biomass is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly adsorbent for nitrobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Dai
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
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Karekar P, Vyas V, Shah M, Sancheti P, Pore Y. Physicochemical investigation of the solid dispersion systems of etoricoxib with poloxamer 188. Pharm Dev Technol 2009; 14:373-9. [PMID: 19552551 DOI: 10.1080/10837450802683974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersion systems of a poorly water-soluble drug, etoricoxib were prepared with poloxamer 188 in 1:0.5, 1:1.5 and 1:2.5 ratios and evaluated by FTIR, powder XRD and dissolution studies. Physical studies demonstrated a strong hydrogen bonding with significant decrease in the crystallinity and formation of amorphous etoricoxib in its binary systems. All binary systems of etoricoxib showed faster dissolution than pure drug alone (P < 0.001). However, 1:2.5 proportion of etoricoxib: poloxamer 188 showed superior performance (DE45: 71.27% +/- 3.85) in enhancing solubility and dissolution rate of etoricoxib suggesting optimum ratio of the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Karekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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37
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Van Eerdenbrugh B, Van Speybroeck M, Mols R, Houthoofd K, Martens JA, Froyen L, Van Humbeeck J, Augustijns P, Van den Mooter G. Itraconazole/TPGS/Aerosil®200 solid dispersions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 38:270-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Papadimitriou S, Bikiaris D. Dissolution rate enhancement of the poorly water-soluble drug Tibolone using PVP, SiO2, and their nanocomposites as appropriate drug carriers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 35:1128-38. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040902787653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Bikiaris DN, Papageorgiou GZ, Papadimitriou SA, Karavas E, Avgoustakis K. Novel biodegradable polyester poly(propylene succinate): synthesis and application in the preparation of solid dispersions and nanoparticles of a water-soluble drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:138-46. [PMID: 19191030 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(propylene succinate) (PPSu) polymers of average molecular weights from 2,800 to 13,100 g/mol were synthesized and characterized with regard to crystallinity, thermal properties, and cytocompatibility. Higher molecular weight samples exhibited lower degree of crystallinity and melted at lower temperatures. Melting of the polymer appeared to begin at 38 degrees C. PPSu cytocompatibility was investigated based on human umbilical vein endothelial cells viability in the presence of increasing concentrations of polymer, and it was found that PPSu exhibited comparable cytocompatibility with poly(DL-lactide). The feasibility of applying PPSu as a drug carrier was shown for the first time, as solid dispersions and nanoparticles of sodium fluvastatin based in PPSu were prepared. Drug release rates decreased with increasing the molecular weight of PPSu in both solid dispersions and nanoparticles. For dispersions prepared from PPSu of the same molecular weight, drug release rates increased with drug loading. It appears that PPSu applicability as a drug carrier warrants further consideration.
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40
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Improvement of dissolution rate of ibuprofen by solid dispersion systems with Kollicoat IR using a pulse combustion dryer system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Dissolution-rate enhancement of fenofibrate by adsorption onto silica using supercritical carbon dioxide. Int J Pharm 2008; 360:213-8. [PMID: 18550302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, fenofibrate, is increased by adsorbing the drug onto silica. The adsorption is achieved by first dissolving the drug in supercritical carbon dioxide and then depressurizing the solution onto silica. Loadings of up to 27.5 wt.% drug onto silica are obtained. Since solvents are not used in the loading process, the fenofibrate/silica formulation is free of any residual solvent, and carbon dioxide is freely removed upon depressurization. The formulation is characterized using infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Based on in vitro dissolution study, a significant increase in the dissolution rate (approximately 80% drug release in 20 min) of drug-silica formulation is observed as compared to micronized fenofibrate (approximately 20% drug release in 20 min), which can be attributed to increase in the surface area and decrease in the crystallinity of drug after adsorption onto silica. Two different formulations are compared: (A) amorphous fenofibrate/silica and (B) slightly crystalline fenofibrate/silica. The second formulation is found to be more stable on storage.
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Waghmare A, Pore Y, Kuchekar B. Development and characterization of zaleplon solid dispersion systems: a technical note. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:536-43. [PMID: 18431649 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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43
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Bahl D, Bogner RH. Amorphization alone does not account for the enhancement of solubility of drug co-ground with silicate: the case of indomethacin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:146-53. [PMID: 18446475 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-007-9013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The solubility advantage of indomethacin amorphized by co-grinding with Neusilin US2 in various media was investigated. Physical mixtures of gamma-indomethacin and Neusilin US2 (in the ratios 1:1, 1:4 and 1:5) were amorphized at room temperature employing 75% RH in a porcelain jar mill using zirconia balls. The crystallinity of the samples was determined using ATR-FTIR and PXRD. The solubility and dissolution profiles of co-ground powders and crystalline counterparts were evaluated in 0.1 N HCl, water and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) in a USP type II dissolution apparatus at 250 rpm and 37 degrees C. Very high concentrations of dissolved indomethacin as compared to the solubility of gamma-indomethacin (approximately 500 times in water and approximately 3.7 times in phosphate buffer) were attained. However, the presence of other polymorphs detected by PXRD and a change in the pH of the medium made interpretation of the results difficult. In 0.1 N HCl the solubility (i.e., the peak in a concentration versus time plot) of the amorphized drug in a 1:5 ratio with Neusilin increased to 109 times the solubility of crystalline gamma-indomethacin alone. An increase in amount of drug and Neusilin in the same ratio added to the dissolution medium also increased peak and plateau dissolution concentrations. The presence of silicic acid and ions (Mg(2+) and Al(3+)) in the dissolution media were found to cause the increase in the plateau concentration of indomethacin. Amorphization alone does not account for all of the dissolution enhancement; acidity, ions, and silicic acid are major contributors to dissolution enhancement.
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Abstract
The drug candidates coming from combinatorial chemistry research and/or the drugs selected from biologically based high-throughput screening are quite often very lipophilic, as these drug candidates exert their pharmacological action at or in biological membranes or membrane-associated proteins. This challenges drug delivery institutions in industry or academia to develop carrier systems for the optimal oral and parenteral administration of these drugs. To mention only a few of the challenges for this class of drugs: their oral bioavailability is poor and highly variable, and carrier development for parenteral administration is faced with problems, including the massive use of surface-active excipients for solubilisation. Formulation specialists are confronted with an even higher level of difficulties when these drugs have to be delivered site specifically. This article addresses the emerging formulation designs for delivering of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Fahr
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institute for Pharmacy, Lessingstrasse 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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45
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Miyazaki T, Yoshioka S, Aso Y, Kawanishi T. Crystallization rate of amorphous nifedipine analogues unrelated to the glass transition temperature. Int J Pharm 2007; 336:191-5. [PMID: 17184940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To examine the relative contributions of molecular mobility and thermodynamic factor, the relationship between glass transition temperature (T(g)) and the crystallization rate was examined using amorphous dihydropyridines (nifedipine (NFD), m-nifedipine (m-NFD), nitrendipine (NTR) and nilvadipine (NLV)) with differing T(g) values. The time required for 10% crystallization, t(90), was calculated from the time course of decreases in the heat capacity change at T(g). The t(90) of NLV and NTR decreased with decreases in T(g) associated with water sorption. The t(90) versus T(g)/T plots almost overlapped for samples of differing water contents, indicating that the crystallization rate is determined by molecular mobility as indicated by T(g). In contrast, differences in the crystallization rate between these four drugs cannot be explained only by molecular mobility, since the t(90) values at a given T(g)/T were in the order: NLV>NTR>NFD approximately m-NFD. A lower rate was obtained for amorphous drugs with lower structural symmetry and more bulky functional groups, suggesting that these factors are also important. Furthermore, the crystallization rate of NTR in solid dispersions with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) decreased to a greater extent than expected from the increased T(g). This also suggests that factors other than molecular mobility affect the crystallization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Miyazaki
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo 158-0851, Japan.
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46
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Wang L, Cui FD, Sunada H. Improvement of the Dissolution Rate of Nitrendipine Using a New Pulse Combustion Drying Method. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1119-25. [PMID: 17666831 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions (SDs) of nitrendipine (NTD), a poorly water-soluble drug, were prepared with the Hypulcon pulse combustion dryer system, and the physicochemical properties of particles were investigated and compared with those of particles prepared with a spray dryer. The SD particles prepared with Hypulcon using Aerosil and Tween 80 as carriers showed improved properties over those prepared with a conventional spray dryer, such as smaller particle size, tighter particle size distribution, and no agglomeration. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry evaluation showed that the drug in the NTD-Aerosil SD prepared with 5% (v/v) Tween 80 solution was dispersed in an amorphous state. Fourier transformation IR spectroscopy indicated the presence of hydrogen bonds between NTD and Aerosil. Aerosil had greater ability to improve the dissolution of NTD than Sylysia and other polymers. The highest drug supersaturation concentration was maintained continuously during the dissolution test of the NTD-Aerosil SD prepared with 5% (v/v) Tween 80 solution using Hypulcon. The good hydrophilicity and dispersibility of Aerosil, solubilization of Tween 80, and actions of shock waves and ultrasonic waves might account for the amorphization of NTD and improved dissolution rate of SDs. Pulse combustion drying with low drying costs and high thermal efficiency is a promising method for the preparation of SD particles with improved properties without using organic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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