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Uemura K, Kimura S, Saito Y, Koyama S, Nishikawa H, Yasuda S, Miyashita H, Yoshimitsu H, Tsuchihashi R, Okawa M, Kinjo J, Ono M. Identification and characterization of organic and glycosidic acids in the crude resin glycoside fraction from the leaves and stems of Calystegia japonica. J Nat Med 2023; 77:284-297. [PMID: 36527581 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycoside fraction from the leaves and stems of the plant Calystegia japonica Choisy (Convolvulaceae) yielded organic acid and glycosidic acid fractions. The organic acid fraction was esterified with p-bromophenacyl bromide to obtain p-bromophenacyl 2R-methyl-3R-hydroxybutyrate (1) and p-bromophenacyl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate (2). By treating the glycosidic acid fraction with trimethylsilyldiazomethane-hexane, seven new methyl esters of glycosidic acids, namely calyjaponic acid A methyl ester (3) calyjaponic acid B methyl ester (5), calyjaponic acid C methyl ester (6), calyjaponic acid D methyl ester (7), calyjaponic acid E methyl ester (8), calyjaponic acid F methyl ester (9), and calyjaponic acid G methyl ester (10), were isolated along with one known ester (4). Their structures were characterized based on spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Compounds 3-8 had the same sugar moiety, α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-O-β-D-glucopyranose, and the aglycones of 3-8 were methyl 3S,11S-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 3S,12S-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 11S-hydroxypentadecanoate, methyl 3S,11S-dihydroxypentadecanoate, and methyl 3S,12S-dihydroxypentadecanoate, respectively. Compounds 9 and 10 were derivatives of 3 and 4, respectively, in which the C-6 of the second glucosyl residue was methylated. Compounds 6-8 contained methyl esters of unusual odd-carbon fatty acids as aglycones. The cytotoxicity of the crude resin glycoside fraction and 3 against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells was evaluated further; both were either weakly active or inactive compared to the positive control, cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Uemura
- School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Saaya Kimura
- School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Yuuki Saito
- School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Syun Koyama
- School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishikawa
- School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Shin Yasuda
- School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-2 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshimitsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-2 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Ryota Tsuchihashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masafumi Okawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Junei Kinjo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Masateru Ono
- School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9-1-1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8652, Japan.
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Kim IH, Eom T, Park JY, Kim HJ, Nam TJ. Dichloromethane fractions of Calystegia soldanella induce S‑phase arrest and apoptosis in HT‑29 human colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:60. [PMID: 34935054 PMCID: PMC8767546 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calystegia soldanella is a halophyte and a perennial herb that grows on coastal sand dunes worldwide. Extracts from this plant have been previously revealed to have a variety of bioactive properties in humans. However, their effects on colorectal cancer cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, the potential biological activity of C. soldanella extracts in the colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 was examined. First, five solvent fractions [n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water] were obtained from the crude extracts of C. soldanella through an organic solvent extraction method. In particular, the DCM fraction was demonstrated to exert marked dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects according to results from the cell viability assay. Data obtained from the apoptosis assay suggested that the inhibition of HT-29 cell viability induced by DCM treatment was attributed to increased apoptosis. The apoptotic rate was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including increased Fas, Bad and Bax, and decreased pro-caspase-8, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, pro-caspase-9, pro-caspase-7 and pro-caspase-3. A mitochondrial membrane potential assay demonstrated that more cells became depolarized and the extent of cytochrome c release was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner in HT-29 cells treated with DCM. In addition, cell cycle analysis confirmed S-phase arrest following DCM fraction treatment, which was associated with decreased protein expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins, such as cyclin A, CDK2, cell division cycle 25 A and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1. Based on these results, the present study suggested that the DCM fraction of the C. soldanella extract can inhibit HT-29 cell viability whilst inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential regulation and S-phase arrest. These results also suggested that the DCM fraction has potential anticancer activity in HT-29 colorectal cells. Further research on the composition of the DCM fraction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekil Eom
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kim
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
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Horiuchi H, Tajima K, Okutsu T. Triply pH-activatable porphyrin as a candidate photosensitizer for near-infrared photodynamic therapy and diagnosis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lee JI, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Crude extract and solvent fractions of Calystegia soldanella induce G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle in HepG2 cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:414-420. [PMID: 28101580 PMCID: PMC5238786 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The representative halophyte Calystegia soldanella (L) Roem. et Schult is a perennial vine herb that grows in coastal dunes throughout South Korea as well as in other regions around the world. This plant has long been used as an edible and medicinal herb to cure rheumatic arthritis, sore throat, dropsy, and scurvy. Some studies have also shown that this plant species exhibits various biological activities. However, there are few studies on cytotoxicity induced by C. soldanella treatment in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the viability of HepG2 cells following treatment with crude extracts and four solvent-partitioned fractions of C. soldanella. Of the crude extract and four solvent fractions tested, treatment with the 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH) fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction induced a G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle progression. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction arrested HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner, and resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Additionally, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction treatment also arrested HepG2 cells in the S phase, with decreased expression of cyclin A, CDK2, and CDC25A. Also, treatment with this fraction reduced the expression of retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the transcription factor E2F. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibits potential anticancer activity in HepG2 cells by inducing G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Murai Y, Setoguchi H, Ono E, Iwashina T. Flavonoids and their Qualitative Variation in Calystegia soldanella and Related Species (Convolvulaceae). Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal species are exposed to severe environmental stresses, e.g. salt and UV-B. The plants adapt themselves to such harsh environment by controlling morphological features and chemical defense systems. Flavonoids are known as efficient anti-stress polyphenols produced by plants. Most flavonoids show antioxidant activity, and their properties are important for plants to survive under high-stress conditions such as those in a coastal area. Among the compounds, ortho-dihydroxylated flavonoids act as strong antioxidants. In this survey, we elucidated the flavonoid composition of a seashore species Calystegia soldanella, which is distributed not only on the seashore, but also by the inland freshwater lake, Lake Biwa. Seven flavonol glycosides, i.e. quercetin 3- O-rutinoside, 3- O-glucoside, 3- O-rhamnoside and 3- O-apiosyl-(1→2)-[rhamnosyl-(1→6)-glucoside], and kaempferol 3- O-rutinoside, 3- O-glucoside and 3- O-rhamnoside were isolated from the leaves of C. soldanella. In addition, it was shown that the quercetin (Qu) to kaempferol (Km) ratio of coastal populations was higher than that of lakeshore populations. In general, these differences of Qu/Km ratio depend on flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase (F3′H) transcription. RT-PCR analysis suggested that F3′H of C. soldanella is regulated translationally or post-translationally, but not transcriptionally. Furthermore, quantitative and qualitative differences in flavonoid composition occurred among three Calystegia species, C. soldanella, C. japonica and C. hederacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Murai
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ono
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Iwashina
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
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Pettit GR, Meng Y, Gearing RP, Herald DL, Pettit RK, Doubek DL, Chapuis JC, Tackett LP. Antineoplastic agents. 522. Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:214-220. [PMID: 14987061 DOI: 10.1021/np030125s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay (P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines)-guided separation of the extracts prepared from the tropical and coastal trees Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandianymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives) led to the isolation of a new lignan designated as hernanol (1) and 12 previously known lignans: (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (2), deoxypicropodophyllin (3), (+)-epiaschantin (4), (+)-epieudesmin (5), praderin (6), 5'-methoxyyatein (7), podorhizol (8), deoxypodorhizone (9), bursehernin (10), kusunokinol (11), clusin (12), and (-)-maculatin (13). The oxidative cyclization (with VOF(3)) of lignans 8, 9, and 10 resulted in a new and unusual benzopyran (14), isostegane (15), and a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lactone (16), respectively. The structure and relative stereochemistry of hernanol (1) and lignans 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 were determined by 1D and 2DNMR and HRMS analyses. The structures and absolute stereochemistry of structures 2, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, and 16 were unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Evaluation against the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines showed podophyllotoxin derivatives 2 and 3 to be strong cancer cell line growth inhibitors and substances 4, 5, 8, and 15 to have marginal cancer cell line inhibitory activities. Seven of the lignans and one of the synthetic modifications (14) inhibited growth of the pathogenic bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-2404, USA.
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Doi K, Kojima T, Makino M, Kimura Y, Fujimoto Y. Studies on the constituents of the leaves of Morus alba L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:151-3. [PMID: 11217100 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two novel prenylflavanes (1, 2) and a glycoside (3) of 1 were isolated along with six known compounds, isoquercitrin (4), astragalin (5), scopolin (6), skimmin (7), roseoside II (8) and benzyl D-glucopyranoside (9), from the leaves of Morus alba. The inhibitory activities of compounds 1, 2 and 3 on the oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Doi
- Department of Food and Drug, Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratories, Yokohama, Japan
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Abstract
Esters of trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, cis-4-hydroxycinnamic acid and trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid with long-chain alcohols (n=15-20), were isolated from the stems of Calystegia soldanella.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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