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Grzeszczuk M, Dzięgiel P, Nowińska K. The Role of FNDC5/Irisin in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:277. [PMID: 38334669 PMCID: PMC10854770 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Disorders of cardiomyocyte metabolism play a crucial role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In myocardial infarction, cardiomyocyte metabolism is regulated by mitochondrial changes and biogenesis, which allows energy homeostasis. There are many proteins in cells that regulate and control metabolic processes. One of them is irisin (Ir), which is released from the transmembrane protein FNDC5. Initial studies indicated that Ir is a myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscles. Further studies showed that Ir was also present in various tissues. However, its highest levels were observed in cardiomyocytes. Ir is responsible for many processes, including the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing the expression of thermogenin (UCP1). In addition, Ir affects mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the levels of FNDC5/Ir in the blood and myocardium may be important in cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the current knowledge about the role of FNDC5/Ir in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grzeszczuk
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowińska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (P.D.)
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Almeida González D, Rodríguez-Pérez MDC, Fuentes Ferrer M, Cuevas Fernández FJ, Marcelino Rodríguez I, Cabrera de León A. Irisin, in women and men: blood pressure, heart rate, obesity and insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1193110. [PMID: 37448465 PMCID: PMC10338052 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1193110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irisin is a myokine that increases with leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and for which a cardiovascular protective role has been postulated. Our aim was to assess this role in the general population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a large randomly selected population sample (n=2298 women and 1529 men). Apart from age and sex, we record anthropometrics (blood pressure, heart rate, obesity), lifestyle (LTPA, smoking, alcohol), and biochemical measurements (irisin, lipid profile, insulin resistance). Correlations and regression multivariate models were used to analyze the association of irisin levels with the studied factors. Results The variables more strongly and directly associated with irisin, adjusting the studied factors separately in women and men, were HOMA-2 (p=0.043 and p=0.001, respectively) and LTPA (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Also heart rate inversely (p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively) and DBP directly (p<0.005 and p=0.045, respectively) were associated to irisin in both sexes. The waist/height ratio (p<0.001) was inversely associated to irisin only in women, and the alcohol drinking was directly associated (p=0.029) only in men. Conclusion We provide new findings for irisin, such as its association with DBP and with heart rate; furthermore, in women irisin is associated to abdominal obesity, and in men is associated to the alcohol intake. We also corroborate the association of irisin with LTPA and insulin resistance. The associations detected point towards a protective role of irisin in the maintenance of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Almeida González
- Immunology Section, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Island, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Fuentes Ferrer
- Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital and Primary Care, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cuevas Fernández
- Barranco Grande Health Center, Primary Care, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Island, Spain
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, La Laguna University, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Itahisa Marcelino Rodríguez
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, La Laguna University, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Research Unit, Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital and Primary Care, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, La Laguna University, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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O’Reilly C, Lin L, Wang H, Fluckey J, Sun Y. Ablation of Ghrelin Receptor Mitigates the Metabolic Decline of Aging Skeletal Muscle. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081368. [PMID: 36011279 PMCID: PMC9407208 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexigenic hormone ghrelin has multifaceted roles in health and disease. We have reported that ablation of the ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), protects against metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissues in aging. Our further observation interestingly revealed that GHS-R deficiency phenocopies the effects of myokine irisin. In this study, we aim to determine whether GHS-R affects the metabolic functions of aging skeletal muscle and whether GHS-R regulates the muscular functions via irisin. We first studied the expression of metabolic signature genes in gastrocnemius muscle of young, middle-aged and old mice. Then, old GHS-R knockout (Ghsr−/−) mice and their wild type counterparts were used to assess the impact of GHS-R ablation on the metabolic characteristics of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. There was an increase of GHS-R expression in skeletal muscle during aging, inversely correlated with the decline of metabolic functions. Remarkedly the muscle of old GHS-R knockout (Ghsr−/−) mice exhibited a youthful metabolic profile and better maintenance of oxidative type 2 muscle fibers. Furthermore, old Ghsr−/− mice showed improved treadmill performance, supporting better functionality. Also intriguing to note was the fact that old GHS-R-ablated mice showed increased expression of the irisin precursor FNDC5 in the muscle and elevated plasma irisin levels in circulation, which supports a potential interrelationship between GHS-R and irisin. Overall, our work suggests that GHS-R has deleterious effects on the metabolism of aging muscle, which may be at least partially mediated by myokine irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen O’Reilly
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Ligen Lin
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - James Fluckey
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Y.S.)
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D’Amuri A, Sanz JM, Lazzer S, Pišot R, Šimunič B, Biolo G, Zuliani G, Gasparini M, Narici M, Grassi B, Reggiani C, Dalla Nora E, Passaro A. Irisin Attenuates Muscle Impairment during Bed Rest through Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070999. [PMID: 36101380 PMCID: PMC9311907 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The detrimental effect of physical inactivity on muscle characteristics are well known. Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine cleaved from membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein-5 (FNDC5), mediates at least partially the metabolic benefits of exercise. This study aimed to assess the interplay between prolonged inactivity, circulating irisin, muscle performance, muscle fibers characteristics, as well as the FNDC5 gene expression (FNDC5ge) in muscle and adipose tissue among healthy subjects. Twenty-three healthy volunteers were tested before and after 14 days of Bed Rest, (BR). Post-BR circulating levels of irisin significantly increased, whereas body composition, muscle performance, and muscle fiber characteristics deteriorated. Among the subjects achieving the highest post-BR increase of irisin, the lowest reduction in maximal voluntary contraction and specific force of Fiber Slow/1, the highest increase of FNDC5ge in adipose tissue, and no variation of FNDC5ge in skeletal muscle were recorded. Subjects who had the highest FNDC5ge in adipose tissue but not in muscle tissue showed the highest circulating irisin levels and could better withstand the harmful effect of BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Amuri
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; (R.P.); (B.Š.); (C.R.)
| | - Bostjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; (R.P.); (B.Š.); (C.R.)
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, I-340149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mladen Gasparini
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Izola General Hospital, Polje 40, SI-6310 Izola-Isola, Slovenia;
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 3, I-35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy; (S.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia; (R.P.); (B.Š.); (C.R.)
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari, 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, I-44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.D.N.); (A.P.)
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Molecular Basis of Irisin Regulating the Effects of Exercise on Insulin Resistance. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is recognized as one major feature of metabolic syndrome, and frequently emerges as a difficult problem encountered during long-term pharmacological treatment of diabetes. Insulin resistance often causes organs or tissues, such as skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, to become less responsive or resistant to insulin. Exercise can promote the physiological function of those organs and tissues and benefits insulin action via increasing insulin receptor sensitivity, glucose uptake, and mitochondrial function. This is done by decreasing adipose tissue deposition, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. However, understanding the mechanism that regulates the interaction between exercise and insulin function becomes a challenging task. As a novel myokine, irisin is activated by exercise, released from the muscle, and affects multi-organ functions. Recent evidence indicates that it can promote glucose uptake, improve mitochondrial function, alleviate obesity, and decrease inflammation, as a result leading to the improvement of insulin action. We here will review the current evidence concerning the signaling pathways by which irisin regulates the effect of exercise on the up-regulation of insulin action in humans and animals.
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D’Amuri A, Raparelli V, Sanz JM, Capatti E, Di Vece F, Vaccari F, Lazzer S, Zuliani G, Dalla Nora E, Neri LM, Passaro A. Biological Response of Irisin Induced by Different Types of Exercise in Obese Subjects: A Non-Inferiority Controlled Randomized Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030392. [PMID: 35336766 PMCID: PMC8945525 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Among healthy male and female obese individuals undergoing a 12-week aerobic exercise program with either moderate intensity endurance or high-intensity interval training for losing weight, a reduction of circulating irisin was observed. Irisin is an important adipo-myokine implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism and cardiovascular health. Sex differences in the circulating levels of this biomarker have been previously reported and are likely related to the different anthropometric features between the sexes. A sex-specific modulation of circulating irisin levels should be further explored to tailor sex-specific training approaches for improving the cardiovascular health of obese subjects. Abstract Background: Weight loss through physical exercise is warranted among obese individuals. Recently, a greater benefit in cardiorespiratory fitness was achievable with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as compared with moderate intensity continuous training. The beneficial effect of training on CV health might be related to a specific modulation of circulating irisin, an adypo-myokine implicated in the regulation of energy expenditure. Methods: The present study investigates the circulating plasma levels of irisin at baseline and in response to 12-week of training program either with HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) among young female and male obese subjects. Clinical, anthropometric, and training characteristics for each participant were available. A sex-disaggregated data for circulating plasma levels of irisin pre- and post-training are provided as well as an adjusted multivariate linear regression model to identify the determinants of post-training irisin levels. Results: Data from a total of 32 obese healthy individuals (47% female, mean age 38.7 years, mean BMI 35.6 kg/m2), randomized in a 1:1 manner to HIIT or MICT were analyzed. Circulating plasma levels of irisin similarly and significantly decreased in both MICT and HIIT interventional groups. Females had higher post-exercise irisin levels than males (6.32 [5.51–6.75] vs. 4.97 [4.57–5.72] μg/mL, p = 0.001). When stratified by an interventional group, a statistically significant difference was observed only for the MICT group (male, 4.76 [4.20–5.45] μg/mL vs. female 6.48 [4.88–6.84] μg/mL p = 0.03). The circulating post-training level of irisin was independently associated with post-training fat-free mass (β −0.34, 95% confidence interval, CI −0.062, −0.006, p = 0.019) in a model adjusted confounders. When female sex was added into the adjusted model, it was retained as the only factor independently associated with irisin levels (β 1.22, 95% CI, 0.50, 1.93, p = 0.002). Conclusions: In obese healthy subjects, circulating irisin levels were reduced in response to 12-weeks of exercise involving either HIIT or MICT. A sex-specific differences in circulating irisin levels at baseline and as biological response to chronic exercise was described. Sex-specific biological response of irisin to exercise should be further explored to tailor sex-specific training approaches for improving the cardiovascular health of obese healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D’Amuri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Francesca Di Vece
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Filippo Vaccari
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Sport Science, University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy; (F.V.); (S.L.)
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (F.D.V.)
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.); (V.R.); (G.Z.); (E.D.N.)
- Research and Innovation Section, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant’Anna, Via A. Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.N.); (A.P.)
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Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010160. [PMID: 35011721 PMCID: PMC8750433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-93-51
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength Moderates the Relationship between FNDC5 Polymorphism and Adiposity in Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189797. [PMID: 34574727 PMCID: PMC8466235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human locus FNDC5 rs16835198 contributes positively to anthropometric phenotypes in children and adolescents. However, the role of specific components of physical fitness in this relationship is not known. The present study aimed to verify the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength in the relationship between rs16835198 polymorphism FNDC5 and adiposity in children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was carried out by genotyping the rs16835198 FNDC5 polymorphism in 1701 children and adolescents (mean age 11.73 ± 2.75 years). Obesity was assessed using waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) z-scores. To evaluate CRF and muscular strength, the 6 min run/walk test and lower limb strength (LLS) were used. Linear regression models were applied, and all analyses were adjusted for age, sex, skin color, living area, and school type. A significant interaction term for CRF (p = 0.038) and LLS (p = 0.040) × rs16835198 FNDC5 with WC was identified. Regarding BMI, a significant interaction term for CRF (p = 0.007) and LLS (p = 0.044) × rs16835198 FNDC5 was observed. Moreover, medium and high CRF and LLS levels protected against higher WC and BMI. In conclusion, adiposity levels of children and adolescents with a genetic predisposition to obesity might be modified by improving CRF and muscular strength.
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Cho E, Jeong DY, Kim JG, Lee S. The Acute Effects of Swimming Exercise on PGC-1α-FNDC5/Irisin-UCP1 Expression in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020111. [PMID: 33669194 PMCID: PMC7919784 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine primarily secreted by skeletal muscles and is known as an exercise-induced hormone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the PGC-1α -FNDC5 /Irisin-UCP1 expression which is an irisin-related signaling pathway, is activated by an acute swimming exercise. Fourteen to sixteen weeks old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 20) were divided into control (CON, n = 10) and swimming exercise groups (SEG, n = 10). The SEG mice performed 90 min of acute swimming exercise, while control (non-exercised) mice were exposed to shallow water (2 cm of depth) for 90 min. The mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α, FNDC5 and browning markers including UCP1 were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Serum irisin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An acute swimming exercise did not lead to alterations in the mRNA and protein expression of PGC-1α in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, the mRNA and protein expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue, mRNA browning markers in visceral adipose tissue and circulating irisin when compared with the control group. On the other hand, an acute swimming exercise led to increases in the mRNA and protein expressions of FNDC5 in the soleus muscle, the protein expression of FNDC5 in the gastrocnemius muscles and the protein expression of UCP1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Cho
- Department of Human Movement Science, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Da Yeon Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (D.Y.J.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (D.Y.J.); (J.G.K.)
- Institute for New Drug Development, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sewon Lee
- Division of Sport Science, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Sport Science Institute, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Health Promotion Center, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-32-835-8572
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Brown Adipose Tissue and Its Role in Insulin and Glucose Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041530. [PMID: 33546400 PMCID: PMC7913527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased worldwide prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and their related metabolic complications have prompted the scientific world to search for new possibilities to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), due to its unique protein uncoupling protein 1 (UPC1) in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, has been acknowledged as a promising approach to increase energy expenditure. Activated brown adipocytes dissipate energy, resulting in heat production. In other words, BAT burns fat and increases the metabolic rate, promoting a negative energy balance. Moreover, BAT alleviates metabolic complications like dyslipidemia, impaired insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to explore the role of BAT in total energy expenditure, as well as lipid and glucose homeostasis, and to discuss new possible activators of brown adipose tissue in humans to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Kowalik S, Wiśniewska A, Kędzierski W, Janczarek I. Concentrations of Circulating Irisin and Myostatin in Race and Endurace Purebred Arabian Horses-Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122268. [PMID: 33271939 PMCID: PMC7760310 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Irisin and myostatin are regulatory proteins produced by muscle cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on plasma irisin and myostatin concentrations in horses in different types of training (speed versus endurance). To find out, we tested 20 Arabian horses, submitted to the two different equestrian disciplines, and consequently different training regimes. The first group of horses realized a short-term, high-speed bout of exercise whereas the second group of horses were submitted to long-lasting, endurance effort. The obtained results showed that the single bout of exercise induced an increase in plasma myostatin concentration. Plasma irisin level decreased during the race season in racehorses. This means that irisin and myostatin may play a regulatory role in the maintenance of the energy balance processes. Abstract Skeletal muscle is considered to be the largest endocrine organ determining the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Adaptive changes in skeletal muscles in response to physical exercise influence the production as well as secretion of myokines, which are bioactive factors that play a crucial role in energy expenditure processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two different types of exercise on the circulating level of two of these, myostatin and irisin, in trained horses. Twenty purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study: 10 three-year-old horses trained on the racetrack and 10 endurance horses aged 7.4 ± 1.9 years. The horses from both groups were regularly trained throughout the entire season, during which they also participated in Polish National competitions. To assess the influence of the training sessions on plasma myostatin and irisin concentrations, blood samples taken at rest and 30 min after the end of exercise were analyzed. In the studied horses, the single bout of exercise did not influence plasma irisin but induced an increase in plasma myostatin concentration. In racehorses, plasma irisin concentration decreased with the length of the training season. Plasma myostatin was higher in endurance horses than in three-year-old racehorses. Lack of exercise-induced fluctuation in circulating irisin in studied horses suggests that myostatin released in response to exercise provides a negative feedback signal to irisin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Murawska-Cialowicz E, Wolanski P, Zuwala-Jagiello J, Feito Y, Petr M, Kokstejn J, Stastny P, Goliński D. Effect of HIIT with Tabata Protocol on Serum Irisin, Physical Performance, and Body Composition in Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103589. [PMID: 32443802 PMCID: PMC7277607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is frequently utilized as a method to reduce body mass. Its intensity of work results in a number of beneficial adaptive changes in a relatively short period of time. Irisin is a myokine and adipokine secreted to the blood during exercise and it takes part in the regulation of energy metabolism. It is a vital issue from the prophylaxis point of view as well as treatment through exercise of different diseases (e.g., obesity, type-2 diabetes). The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in irisin concentration, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance in men after HIIT. Eight weeks of HIIT following the Tabata protocol was applied in the training group (HT) (n = 15), while a sedentary group (SED) (n = 10) did not participate in fitness activities within the same time period. Changes of irisin, body composition, and aerobic and anaerobic performance were evaluated after graded exercise test (GXT) and Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) before and after eight weeks of training. Training resulted in an increased of blood irisin concentration (by 29.7%) p < 0.05), VO2max increase (PRE: 44.86 ± 5.74 mL·kg−1·min−1; POST: 50.16 ± 5.80 mL kg−1·min−1; p < 0.05), reduction in percent body fat (PRE: 14.44 ± 3.33%; POST: 13.61 ± 3.16%; p < 0.05), and increase of WAnT parameters (p < 0.05) in the HT group. No changes were observed in the SED group. HIIT resulted in beneficial effects in the increase in blood irisin concentration, physical performance, and reduced fat content. The HIIT may indicate an acceleration of base metabolism. This effect can be utilized in the prevention or treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Murawska-Cialowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.W.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Pawel Wolanski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.W.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Kokstejn
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162-52 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Dawid Goliński
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.W.); (D.G.)
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Morelli C, Avolio E, Galluccio A, Caparello G, Manes E, Ferraro S, De Rose D, Santoro M, Barone I, Catalano S, Andò S, Sisci D, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D. Impact of Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity on Body Composition Parameters, Lipid Profile Markers, and Irisin Levels in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030742. [PMID: 32168929 PMCID: PMC7146488 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In adolescence, health status is influenced by several factors, including dietary pattern and physical activity (PA) which are crucial elements of lifestyle in terms of prevention and treatment of metabolic and chronic diseases. The current study aimed to explore the impact of the different intensity levels of PA along with the adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), on body composition indices and metabolic parameters in a cohort of adolescents, thereby investigating potential predictors of health behavior in youth. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 92 participants (44 girls and 48 boys, aged 14 to 17 years), which were divided into the following three groups according to intensity levels of PA: Group A (physical inactivity), Group B (moderate PA), and Group C (vigorous-intensity PA). The Questionnaire of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED test) was used to assess both diet composition and adherence to a MD. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, bio-impedentiometric analysis for body composition parameters, and biochemical and hormonal measurements. The majority of adolescents (60.87%) had a medium adherence to the MD, and even a better distribution of food rates was found in adolescents performing vigorous-intensity PA. A comparison of anthropometric measurements and body composition parameters among groups showed that body mass index and fat mass (FM) were significantly lower while body cell mass (BCM), free fat mass (FFM), phase angle (PhA), and total body water (TBW) were higher in Group C adolescents as compared with those of Group A. In Group C, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was reduced and insulin levels were inversely associated with FFM (r = −0.454 and p = 0.004) and directly correlated with FM (r = 0.331 and p = 0.003). In the same Group C, we observed elevated serum irisin levels and lower lipid profile markers as compared with Group A. Interestingly, irisin negatively correlated with both total cholesterol (r = −0.428 and p = 0.04) and LDL (r = −0.468 and p = 0.02) in Group C. Finally, a receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed irisin, LDL, HDL, and body composition variables (FFM, BMC, PhA, and TBW) as the most predictive measures for vigorous-intensity PA. Our results highlight the importance of developing healthy lifestyle programs that include improving the intensity of PA among a young population as a superior strategy for ensuring a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ennio Avolio
- Healthy Center srl, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (E.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Angelo Galluccio
- Healthy Center srl, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (E.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Giovanna Caparello
- Healthy Center srl, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (E.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Emanuele Manes
- Healthy Center srl, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (E.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Simona Ferraro
- Healthy Center srl, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (E.A.); (A.G.); (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marta Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.G.); (D.B.); Tel.: +39-0984-496208 (D.B.); Fax: +39-0984-496203 (D.B.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.G.); (D.B.); Tel.: +39-0984-496208 (D.B.); Fax: +39-0984-496203 (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (C.M.); (D.D.R.); (M.S.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (C.G.); (D.B.); Tel.: +39-0984-496208 (D.B.); Fax: +39-0984-496203 (D.B.)
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14
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Leardini-Tristao M, Charles AL, Lejay A, Pizzimenti M, Meyer A, Estato V, Tibiriçá E, Andres E, Geny B. Beneficial Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Function during Peripheral Arterial Disease: Potential Involvement of Myokines and Microglial Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype Enhancement. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050653. [PMID: 31083472 PMCID: PMC6571759 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), leading to intermittent claudication, critical ischemia with rest pain, and/or tissue damage, is a public health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the link between PAD, cognitive function, and whether exercise might reduce cognitive dysfunction in PAD patients, as previously observed concerning both quality of life and prognosis. This review highlights the fact that patients suffering from PAD often demonstrate cognitive dysfunction characterized by reduced performance in nonverbal reasoning, reduced verbal fluency, and decreased information processing speed and a greater risk for progression toward dementia. Further, the data presented support that physical exercise, likely through myokine secretion and microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype enhancement, might participate in the cognition protection in common clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Leardini-Tristao
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Equipe d'accueil 3072, 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Anne Lejay
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Equipe d'accueil 3072, 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire, Pôle de Pathologie Cardiaque, Hôpitaux Universitaires, CHRU Strasbourg, 67000 CEDEX, France.
| | - Mégane Pizzimenti
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Equipe d'accueil 3072, 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Alain Meyer
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Equipe d'accueil 3072, 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Service de Physiologie et d'explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France.
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rua das lanjeiras 374, 22240-006, Rio de Janeiro 22240-006, Brazil.
| | - Emmanuel Andres
- Service de Médecine Interne, Diabète et Maladies Métaboliques, Pôle M.I.R.N.E.D., Hôpitaux Universitaires, CHRU Strasbourg, 67000 CEDEX, France.
| | - Bernard Geny
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Faculté de Médecine, Equipe d'accueil 3072, 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Service de Physiologie et d'explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg CEDEX, France.
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Cai L, Tan M, Tan W, Zeng X, Wan N, Wong SHS, O'Reilly J, Sun F, Yang J, Chen Y. Associations of Circulating Irisin Concentrations With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Children Vary by Physical Activity or Sedentary Time Levels. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:549. [PMID: 31474938 PMCID: PMC6703142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether irisin concentrations are associated with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) remains unknown. The role of irisin on cardiometabolic health among children has been contradictory and scarce. This study aimed to examine associations of PA and ST with irisin concentrations and relationships between irisin concentrations and cardiometabolic parameters among children. Additionally, we assessed the interaction between PA or ST and irisin concentrations on cardiometabolic parameters. Basing on a cross-sectional survey of 3,651 general children aged 7-12 years, 575 with different self-reported PA (moderate-vigorous intensity PA ≥ 60 min/day or <150 min/week) and ST (gender-, age-specific ST ≥ 75% or <25% percentile) levels were selected. PA and ST were assessed by the validated international physical activity questionnaires. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile levels were measured with standard methods by biochemistry analyzer. Plasma irisin concentrations were measured by ELISA. The associations of PA and ST with circulating irisin concentrations were examined by linear regression. Linear regression analysis was also used to estimate associations of circulating irisin concentrations with cardiometabolic variables. Interactions between PA or ST and irisin concentrations on cardiometabolic parameters were calculated using multiple linear regression models with dichotomized factors (low PA and high PA; low ST and high ST). No significant association was observed between circulating irisin concentrations and habitual PA or ST. Irisin concentrations were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.220), BMI z-score (β = -0.098), waist circumference (β = -0.621), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β = -0.561), and triglyceride (β = -0.019) in low PA subgroup, and negatively related to fasting blood glucose (β = -0.040) among high PA subgroup. Moreover, irisin concentrations were negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.157) and fasting blood glucose (β = -0.026) only in high ST subgroup (all P < 0.05). We also observed a significant interaction between PA and irisin concentrations on BMI (P interaction = 0.0350), BMI z-score (P interaction = 0.0173), and DBP (P interaction = 0.0068). In summary, irisin concentrations were not associated with habitual PA or ST in children. The negative associations of irisin concentrations with BMI, BMI z-score, and DBP were found only among children being inactive, implying that irisin may contribute to an improvement in health, especially among children with unhealthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Tan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Tan
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nianqing Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Heung-sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John O'Reilly
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiewen Yang
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yajun Chen
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Tsuchiya Y, Mizuno S, Goto K. Irisin response to downhill running exercise in humans. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:12-17. [PMID: 30149421 PMCID: PMC6058070 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To determine the effects of exercise-induced muscle damage, we examined irisin responses during level running (LR), with less muscle damage, and downhill running (DHR), with greater muscle damage under equivalent exercise duration and oxygen consumption (⩒O2) conditions. [Methods] Fifteen healthy men (age: 21.6 ± 2.0 y, height: 170 ± 1.3 cm, weight: 64.8 ± 2.7 kg) were randomly assigned to either the LR group (n = 8) or the DHR group (n = 7). Subjects in the LR group performed treadmill running at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (⩒O2max) for 30 min on a 0% gradient. In contrast, subjects in the DHR group performed the same exercise on a –10% gradient. Blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1, 3, and 24 h after exercise. [Results] No significant interaction (group × time) or main effect of group or time was observed for changes in plasma irisin concentrations over time (P > 0.05). However, the area under the curve of plasma irisin concentrations during a 3-h post-exercise period was significantly greater in the DHR (239,197 ± 8,166 ng/mL) group than in the LR (92,293 ± 8,755 ng/ml) group (P < 0.05). The blood lactate, serum cortisol, myoglobin, and plasma interleukin-6 concentrations were significantly higher in the DHR group than in the LR group after exercise (P < 0.05 for all variables). [Conclusion] DHR associated with marked muscle damage promoted a greater increase in exercise-induced irisin did LR after the same duration under identical VO2 conditions.
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17
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Fatouros IG. Is irisin the new player in exercise-induced adaptations or not? A 2017 update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 56:525-548. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Irisin is produced by a proteolytic cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) and has emerged as a potential mediator of exercise-induced energy metabolism. The purpose of this study was to review the results of studies that investigated irisin responses to acute and chronic exercise and provide an update. A comprehensive search in the databases of MEDLINE was performed (74 exercise studies). The focus of the analysis was on data concerning FNDC5 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and circulating irisin concentration relatively to exercise mode, intensity, frequency and duration and the characteristics of the sample used. Circulating irisin levels may either not relate to FNDC5 transcription or expression of the later precedes irisin rise in the blood. Acute speed/strength and endurance exercise protocols represent potent stimuli for irisin release if they are characterized by adequate intensity and/or duration. There are no reports regarding irisin responses to field sport activities. Although animal studies suggest that irisin may also respond to systematic exercise training, the majority of human studies has produced contradictory results. Certain methodological issues need to be considered here such as the analytical assays used to measure irisin concentration in the circulation. Results may also be affected by subjects’ age, conditioning status and exercise intensity. The role of irisin as a moderator of energy metabolism during exercise remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences , University of Thessaly , Karies 42100 , Trikala , Greece
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