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Bai B, Chen Q, Jing R, He X, Wang H, Ban Y, Ye Q, Xu W, Zheng C. Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738235. [PMID: 34630112 PMCID: PMC8495205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant cancer in males. It involves a complex process driven by diverse molecular pathways that closely related to the survival, apoptosis, metabolic and metastatic characteristics of aggressive cancer. Prostate cancer can be categorized into androgen dependent prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer and cure remains elusive due to the developed resistance of the disease. Natural compounds represent an extraordinary resource of structural scaffolds with high diversity that can offer promising chemical agents for making prostate cancer less devastating and curable. Herein, those natural compounds of different origins and structures with potential cytotoxicity and/or in vivo anti-tumor activities against prostate cancer are critically reviewed and summarized according to the cellular signaling pathways they interfere. Moreover, the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of many nutrients, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese medical formulations were presented, and the future prospects for the application of these compounds and extracts were discussed. Although the failure of conventional chemotherapy as well as involved serious side effects makes natural products ideal candidates for the treatment of prostate cancer, more investigations of preclinical and even clinical studies are necessary to make use of these medical substances reasonably. Therefore, the elucidation of structure-activity relationship and precise mechanism of action, identification of novel potential molecular targets, and optimization of drug combination are essential in natural medicine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Bai
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhui He
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Ban
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Zheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine Authentication, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ham HJ, Lee YS, Yun J, Han SB, Son DJ, Hong JT. Anxiolytic-like effects of the ethanol extract of Magnolia obovata leaves through its effects on GABA-benzodiazepine receptor and neuroinflammation. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Liu X, Pan CG, Luo ZQ. High expression of NFAT2 contributes to carboplatin resistance in lung cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 110:104290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Duan M, Du X, Ren G, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Sun S, Zhang J. Obovatol inhibits the growth and aggressiveness of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of the EGF‑mediated JAK‑STAT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1651-1659. [PMID: 29845251 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration and invasion are the most important characteristics of human malignancies which limit cancer drug therapies in the clinic. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the rarest types of cancer, although it is characterized by a higher incidence, rapid growth and greater potential for metastasis compared with other oral neoplasms worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound obovatol exhibits anti‑tumor effects. However, the potential mechanisms underlying obovatol‑mediated signaling pathways have not been completely elucidated in TSCC. The present study investigated the anti‑tumor effects and potential molecular mechanisms mediated by obovatol in TSCC cells and tissues. The results of the present study demonstrated that obovatol exerted cytotoxicity in SCC9 TSCC cells, and inhibited their migration and invasion. In addition, obovatol induced apoptosis in SCC9 TSCC cells by increasing caspase 9/3 and apoptotic protease enhancing factor 1 expression levels. Western blot analysis demonstrated that obovatol inhibited the expression of pro‑epidermal growth factor (EGF), Janus kinase (JAK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) in SCC9 TSCC cells. A study of the molecular mechanisms demonstrated that depletion of EGF reversed the obovatol‑mediated inhibition of SCC9 TSCC cell growth and aggressiveness. Animal experiments indicated that obovatol significantly inhibited TSCC tumor growth and increased the number of apoptotic cells in tumor tissues. In conclusion, the results of the present study provided scientific evidence that obovatol inhibited TSCC cell growth and aggressiveness through the EGF‑mediated JAK‑STAT signaling pathway, suggesting that obovatol may be a potential anti‑TSCC agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Duan
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital Dental, Tianjin, Hebei 300192, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin, Hebei 300041, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital Dental, Tianjin, Hebei 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yongdong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital Dental, Tianjin, Hebei 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin First Center Hospital Dental, Tianjin, Hebei 300192, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin, Hebei 300041, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin, Hebei 300041, P.R. China
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Poivre M, Duez P. Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson (Houpo) and its constituents. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:194-214. [PMID: 28271656 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal drugs have been used for thousands of years in Chinese pharmacopoeia. The bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson, known under the pinyin name "Houpo", has been traditionally used in Chinese and Japanese medicines for the treatment of anxiety, asthma, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, headache, and more. Moreover, Magnolia bark extract is a major constituent of currently marketed dietary supplements and cosmetic products. Much pharmacological activity has been reported for this herb and its major compounds, notably antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and antispasmodic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this have not been elucidated and only a very few clinical trials have been published. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies have also been published and indicate some intriguing features. The present review aims to summarize the literature on M. officinalis bark composition, utilisation, pharmacology, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Poivre
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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Zheng J, Lee HL, Ham YW, Song HS, Song MJ, Hong JT. Anti-cancer effect of bee venom on colon cancer cell growth by activation of death receptors and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44437-51. [PMID: 26561202 PMCID: PMC4792567 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) has been used as a traditional medicine to treat arthritis, rheumatism, back pain, cancerous tumors, and skin diseases. However, the effects of BV on the colon cancer and their action mechanisms have not been reported yet. We used cell viability assay and soft agar colony formation assay for testing cell viability, electro mobility shift assay for detecting DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Western blotting assay for detection of apoptosis regulatory proteins. We found that BV inhibited growth of colon cancer cells through induction of apoptosis. We also found that the expression of death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, p53, p21, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9 was increased by BV treatment in a dose dependent manner (0–5 μg/ml). Consistent with cancer cell growth inhibition, the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was also inhibited by BV treatment. Besides, we found that BV blocked NF-κB activation by directly binding to NF-κB p50 subunit. Moreover, combination treatment with BV and p50 siRNA or NF-κB inhibitor augmented BV-induced cell growth inhibition. However, p50 mutant plasmid (C62S) transfection partially abolished BV-induced cell growth inhibiton. In addition, BV significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, these results suggested that BV could inhibit colon cancer cell growth, and these anti-proliferative effects may be related to the induction of apoptosis by activation of DR4 and DR5 and inhibition of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84508, USA
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyungwon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii 461-701, South Korea
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-723, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Li J, Ma J, Wang KS, Mi C, Wang Z, Piao LX, Xu GH, Li X, Lee JJ, Jin X. Baicalein inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and expression of NF-κB-regulated target gene products. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2771-2776. [PMID: 27667548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors control many physiological processes including inflammation, immunity, apoptosis and angiogenesis. In our search for NF-κB inhibitors from natural resources, we identified baicalein from Scutellaria baicalensis as an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. As examined by the NF-κB luciferase reporter assay, we found that baicalein suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation of p65 through inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, baicalein blocked the TNF-α-induced expression of NF-κB target genes involved in anti-apoptosis (cIAP-1, cIAP-2, FLIP and BCL-2), proliferation (COX-2, cyclin D1 and c-Myc), invasion (MMP‑9), angiogenesis (VEGF) and major inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and MCP1). The flow cytometric analysis indicated that baicalein potentiated TNF-α-induced apoptosis and induced G1 phase arrest in HeLa cells. Moreover, baicalein significantly blocked activation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Our results imply that baicalein could be a lead compound for the modulation of inflammatory diseases as well as certain cancers in which inhibition of NF-κB activity may be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Ke Si Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Chunliu Mi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Lian Xun Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Guang Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Jung Joon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Molecular Cancer Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
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Kim H, Shin EA, Kim CG, Lee DY, Kim B, Baek NI, Kim SH. Obovatol Induces Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via C/EBP Homologous Protein Activation. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1841-1847. [PMID: 27489231 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although obovatol, a phenolic compound from the bark of Magnolia obovata, was known to have antioxidant, neuroprotective, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and antitumour effects, its underlying antitumour mechanism is poorly understood so far. Thus, in the present study, the antitumour molecular mechanism of obovatol was investigated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Obovatol exerted cytotoxicity in A549 and H460 NSCLCs, but not in BEAS-2B cells. Also, obovatol increased sub-G1 accumulation and early and late apoptotic portion in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Consistently, obovatol cleaved PARP, activated caspase 9/3 and Bax and attenuated the expression of cyclin D1 in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Interestingly, obovatol upregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins such as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IRE1α, ATF4 and p-elF2 in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Conversely, depletion of CHOP blocked the apoptotic activity of obovatol to increase sub-G1 accumulation in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Overall, our findings support scientific evidences that obovatol induces apoptosis via CHOP activation in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Kim
- Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Chang Geun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong, 27709, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea.
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Pan Y, Lin S, Xing R, Zhu M, Lin B, Cui J, Li W, Gao J, Shen L, Zhao Y, Guo M, Wang JM, Huang J, Lu Y. Epigenetic Upregulation of Metallothionein 2A by Diallyl Trisulfide Enhances Chemosensitivity of Human Gastric Cancer Cells to Docetaxel Through Attenuating NF-κB Activation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:839-54. [PMID: 26801633 PMCID: PMC4876530 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Metallothionein 2A (MT2A) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) are both involved in carcinogenesis and cancer chemosensitivity. We previously showed decreased expression of MT2A and IκB-α in human gastric cancer (GC) associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. The present study investigated the effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic-derived compound, and docetaxel (DOC) on regulation of MT2A in relation to NF-κB in GC cells. RESULTS DATS attenuated NF-κB signaling in GC cells, resulting in G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, culminating in the inhibition of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in nude mice. The anti-GC effect of DATS was attributable to its capacity to epigenetically upregulate MT2A, which in turn enhanced transcription of IκB-α to suppress NF-κB activation in GC cells. The combination of DATS with DOC exhibited a synergistic anti-GC activity accompanied by MT2A upregulation and NF-κB inactivation. Histopathologic analysis of GC specimens from patients showed a significant increase in MT2A expression following DOC treatment. GC patients with high MT2A expression in tumor specimens showed significantly improved response to chemotherapy and prolonged survival compared with those with low MT2A expression in tumors. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION We conclude that DATS exerts its anti-GC activity and enhances chemosensitivity of GC to DOC by epigenetic upregulation of MT2A to attenuate NF-κB signaling. Our findings delineate a mechanistic basis of MT2A/NF-κB signaling for DATS- and DOC-mediated anti-GC effects, suggesting that MT2A may be a chemosensitivity indicator in GC patients receiving DOC-based treatment and a promising target for more effective treatment of GC by combination of DATS and DOC. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 839-854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Pan
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuye Lin
- 2 College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China .,3 Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rui Xing
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bonan Lin
- 2 College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenmei Li
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- 4 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology , Peking Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- 4 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of GI Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology , Peking Cancer Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- 5 CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- 6 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- 3 Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- 2 College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China .,3 Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Youyong Lu
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute , Beijing, P.R. China
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Arkwright RT, Deshmukh R, Adapa N, Stevens R, Zonder E, Zhang Z, Farshi P, Ahmed RSI, El-Banna HA, Chan TH, Dou QP. Lessons from Nature: Sources and Strategies for Developing AMPK Activators for Cancer Chemotherapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2016; 15:657-71. [PMID: 25511514 DOI: 10.2174/1871520615666141216145417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase or AMPK is a highly-conserved master-regulator of numerous cellular processes, including: Maintaining cellular-energy homeostasis, modulation of cytoskeletaldynamics, directing cell growth-rates and influencing cell-death pathways. AMPK has recently emerged as a promising molecular target in cancer therapy. In fact, AMPK deficiencies have been shown to enhance cell growth and proliferation, which is consistent with enhancement of tumorigenesis by AMPK-loss. Conversely, activation of AMPK is associated with tumor growth suppression via inhibition of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex-1 (mTORC1) or the mTOR signal pathway. The scientific communities' recognition that AMPK-activating compounds possess an anti-neoplastic effect has contributed to a rush of discoveries and developments in AMPK-activating compounds as potential anticancer-drugs. One such example is the class of compounds known as Biguanides, which include Metformin and Phenformin. The current review will showcase natural compounds and their derivatives that activate the AMPK-complex and signaling pathway. In addition, the biology and history of AMPK-signaling and AMPK-activating compounds will be overviewed, their anticancer-roles and mechanisms-of-actions will be discussed, and potential strategies for the development of novel, selective AMPK-activators with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI 48201- 2013.
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11
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Graphene oxide-wrapped PEGylated liquid crystalline nanoparticles for effective chemo-photothermal therapy of metastatic prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:271-277. [PMID: 27022866 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the preparation of PEGylated liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN) loaded with docetaxel (DTX) and wrapped with graphene oxide (GO), called PEG-GO/LCN/DTX, for effective chemo-photothermal therapy of metastatic prostate cancer cells. The prepared formulation exhibited a small particle size (<250 nm), high drug loading capacity (∼15%), and efficient near infrared (NIR) light-induced thermal heat. Importantly, PEG-GO/LCN/DTX successfully accumulated in prostate cancer cells and exhibited potent apoptotic and antimigration effects, mediated by the combination of the anticancer effects of DTX and the thermal heat induced by exposure of GO to NIR light. Taken together, our findings support that PEG-GO/LCN/DTX may be an effective system for treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Moreover, the results establish a proof-of-concept for the potential chemo-photothermal functionality of PEG-GO/LCN/DTX. This hybrid system of LCN and GO could provide controlled and targeted drug delivery with enhanced NIR-induced thermal effects for effective treatment of metastatic cancers.
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12
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Ban JO, Hwang CJ, Park MH, Hwang IK, Jeong HS, Lee HP, Hyun BK, Kim JY, Youn HS, Ham YW, Yoon DY, Han SB, Song MJ, Hong JT. Enhanced cell growth inhibition by thiacremonone in paclitaxel-treated lung cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1351-62. [PMID: 25791937 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is implicated in drug resistant of lung cancer cells. Our previous data showed that thiacremonone inhibited activation of NF-κB. In the present study, we investigated whether thiacremonone enhanced susceptibility of lung cancer cells to a common anti-cancer drug paclitaxel by further inhibition of NF-κB. Thus, we used the threefold lower doses of IC50 values (50 μg/ml thiacremonone and 2.5 nM paclitaxel). We found that combination treatment with thiacremonone and paclitaxel was more susceptible (combination index; 0.40 in NCI-H460 cells and 0.46 in A549 cells) in cell growth inhibition of two types of lung cancer cell lines compared to a single agent treatment. Consistent with the combination effect on cancer cell growth inhibition, the combination treatment further induced apoptotic cell death and arrested the cancer cells in G2/M phase accompanied with a much lower expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1, and inhibited colony formation. Much more inactivation of NF-κB and greater expression of NF-κB target apoptosis regulated genes such as caspase-8 and PARPs were found by the combination treatment. Molecular model and pull down assay as well as MALDI-TOF analysis demonstrated that thiacremonone directly binds to p50. These data indicated that thiacremonone leads to increased apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cell lines through greater inhibition of NF-κB by the combination treatment with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 52, Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
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13
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Cancer cell growth inhibitory effect of bee venom via increase of death receptor 3 expression and inactivation of NF-kappa B in NSCLC cells. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2210-28. [PMID: 25068924 PMCID: PMC4147578 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous findings have demonstrated that bee venom (BV) has anti-cancer activity in several cancer cells. However, the effects of BV on lung cancer cell growth have not been reported. Cell viability was determined with trypan blue uptake, soft agar formation as well as DAPI and TUNEL assay. Cell death related protein expression was determined with Western blotting. An EMSA was used for nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activity assay. BV (1–5 μg/mL) inhibited growth of lung cancer cells by induction of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner in lung cancer cell lines A549 and NCI-H460. Consistent with apoptotic cell death, expression of DR3 and DR6 was significantly increased. However, deletion of DRs by small interfering RNA significantly reversed BV induced cell growth inhibitory effects. Expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and Bax) was concomitantly increased, but the NF-κB activity and expression of Bcl-2 were inhibited. A combination treatment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, docetaxel and cisplatin, with BV synergistically inhibited both A549 and NCI-H460 lung cancer cell growth with further down regulation of NF-κB activity. These results show that BV induces apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cells through the enhancement of DR3 expression and inhibition of NF-κB pathway.
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Jia XF, Shen L, Fan H, Xie JW, Zeng YY, Chen X, Zhu R. Significance of NF-κB p65 expression in ulcerative colitis and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:279-285. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 protein in the colon mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or colorectal adenocarcinoma (CA) and healthy volunteers.
METHODS: Specimens were obtained from 12 healthy volunteers, 16 patients with UC and 18 patients with CA. Fresh colonic tissues were obtained by endoscopic punch biopsies. The diagnosis was confirmed pathologically. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of NF-κB p65 at both mRNA and protein levels in the colon mucosa of different groups.
RESULTS: The expression rate of NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein was 0.10% ± 0.03% and 2.06%±0.70% in the normal colon mucosa, 0.96% ± 0.11% and 36.16% ± 6.99% in UC, and 0.42% ± 0.77% and 9.54% ± 2.77% in CA, respectively. The expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly higher in UC than in CA and normal mucosa (all P < 0.01). Although the expression of NF-κB p65 in CA was higher than that in normal colon mucosa at both mRNA and protein levels, the expression intensity was not as strong as that reported in the literature.
CONCLUSION: Increased expression of NF-κB p65 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC, and anti-NF-κB therapy should be examined further for use as a potential therapy. NF-κB p65 may also be involved in the pathogenesis of CA.
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Luo J, Kong W, Yang M. HJC, a New Arylnaphthalene Lignan Isolated From Justicia procumbens, Causes Apoptosis and Caspase Activation in K562 Leukemia Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 125:355-63. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13211fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Sato A, Itcho N, Ishiguro H, Okamoto D, Kobayashi N, Kawai K, Kasai H, Kurioka D, Uemura H, Kubota Y, Watanabe M. Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 enhance docetaxel-induced prostate cancer cell death. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3151-60. [PMID: 23990723 PMCID: PMC3753150 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s40766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the most important anticancer drugs; however, the severity of its adverse effects detracts from its practical use in the clinic. Magnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 (MgNPs-Fe3O4) can enhance the delivery and efficacy of anticancer drugs. We investigated the effects of MgNPs-Fe3O4 or DTX alone, and in combination with prostate cancer cell growth in vitro, as well as with the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effects. MgNPs-Fe3O4 caused dose-dependent increases in reactive oxygen species levels in DU145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were also elevated. MgNPs-Fe3O4 alone reduced the viability of LNCaP and PC-3 cells; however, MgNPs-Fe3O4 enhanced the cytotoxic effect of a low dose of DTX in all three cell lines. MgNPs-Fe3O4 also augmented the percentage of DU145 cells undergoing apoptosis following treatment with low dose DTX. Expression of nuclear transcription factor κB in DU145 was not affected by MgNPs-Fe3O4 or DTX alone; however, combined treatment suppressed nuclear transcription factor κB expression. These findings offer the possibility that MgNPs-Fe3O4–low dose DTX combination therapy may be effective in treating prostate cancer with limited adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sato
- Laboratory for Medical Engineering, Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
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Li HP, Zeng XC, Zhang B, Long JT, Zhou B, Tan GS, Zeng WX, Chen W, Yang JY. miR-451 inhibits cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma through direct suppression of IKK-β. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2443-51. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Joo J, Lee D, Wu Z, Shin JH, Lee HS, Kwon BM, Huh TL, Kim YW, Lee SJ, Kim TW, Lee T, Liu KH. In vitrometabolism of obovatol and its effect on cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in human liver microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2013; 34:195-202. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Joo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
| | - Doohyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon; Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Division of Biomedical Convergent; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Daejeon; Korea
| | - Tae-Lin Huh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
| | | | - Su-Jun Lee
- Inje University College of Medicine; Busan; Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu; Korea
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A selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP2 induces apoptosis in PC-3 cells and suppresses tumour growth in nude mice. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:53-62. [PMID: 22677907 PMCID: PMC3389428 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the proteasome is a validated anticancer target, the clinical application of its inhibitors has been limited because of inherent systemic toxicity. To broaden clinical utility of proteasome inhibitors as anticancer agents, it is critical to develop strategies to selectively target proteasomes in cancer cells. The immunoproteasome is an alternative form of the constitutive proteasome that is expressed at high levels in cancer tissues, but not in most normal cells in the body. METHODS To validate the immunoproteasome as a chemotherapeutic target, an immunoproteasome catalytic subunit LMP2-targeting inhibitor and siRNA were used. The sensitivity of PC-3 prostate cancer cells to these reagents was investigated using viability assays. Further, a xenograft model of prostate cancer was studied to test the in vivo effects of LMP2 inhibition. RESULTS A small molecule inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP2, UK-101, induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells and resulted in significant inhibition (~50-60%) of tumour growth in vivo. Interestingly, UK-101 did not block degradation of IκBα in PC-3 cells treated with TNF-α, suggesting that its mode of action may be different from that of general proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, which block IκBα degradation. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that the immunoproteasome has important roles in cancer cell growth and thus provide a rationale for targeting the immunoproteasome in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Shen DW, Pouliot LM, Hall MD, Gottesman MM. Cisplatin resistance: a cellular self-defense mechanism resulting from multiple epigenetic and genetic changes. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:706-21. [PMID: 22659329 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most effective broad-spectrum anticancer drugs. Its effectiveness seems to be due to the unique properties of cisplatin, which enters cells via multiple pathways and forms multiple different DNA-platinum adducts while initiating a cellular self-defense system by activating or silencing a variety of different genes, resulting in dramatic epigenetic and/or genetic alternations. As a result, the development of cisplatin resistance in human cancer cells in vivo and in vitro by necessity stems from bewilderingly complex genetic and epigenetic changes in gene expression and alterations in protein localization. Extensive published evidence has demonstrated that pleiotropic alterations are frequently detected during development of resistance to this toxic metal compound. Changes occur in almost every mechanism supporting cell survival, including cell growth-promoting pathways, apoptosis, developmental pathways, DNA damage repair, and endocytosis. In general, dozens of genes are affected in cisplatin-resistant cells, including pathways involved in copper metabolism as well as transcription pathways that alter the cytoskeleton, change cell surface presentation of proteins, and regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Decreased accumulation is one of the most common features resulting in cisplatin resistance. This seems to be a consequence of numerous epigenetic and genetic changes leading to the loss of cell-surface binding sites and/or transporters for cisplatin, and decreased fluid phase endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wu Shen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Rm. 2108, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Choi DY, Lee JW, Peng J, Lee YJ, Han JY, Lee YH, Choi IS, Han SB, Jung JK, Lee WS, Lee SH, Kwon BM, Oh KW, Hong JT. Obovatol improves cognitive functions in animal models for Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2012; 120:1048-59. [PMID: 22212065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is obscure, but neuroinflammation and accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) are implicated in pathogenesis of AD. We have shown anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic properties of obovatol, a biphenolic compound isolated from Magnolia obovata. In this study, we examined the effect of obovatol on cognitive deficits in two separate AD models: (i) mice that received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of Aβ(1-42) (2.0 μg/mouse) and (ii) Tg2576 mice-expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (K670N, M671L). Injection of Aβ(1-42) into lateral ventricle caused memory impairments in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks, being associated with neuroinflammation. Aβ(1-42) -induced abnormality was significantly attenuated by administration of obovatol. When we analyzed with Tg2576 mice, long-term treatment of obovatol (1 mg/kg/day for 3 months) significantly improved cognitive function. In parallel with the improvement, treatment suppressed astroglial activation, BACE1 expression and NF-κB activity in the transgenic mice. Furthermore, obovatol potently inhibited fibrillation of Aβin vitro in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by Thioflavin T fluorescence and electron microscopic analysis. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that obovatol prevented memory impairments in experimental AD models, which could be attributable to amelioration of neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis by inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway and anti-fibrillogenic activity of obovatol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy and MRC, Chungbuk National University, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
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Choi DY, Lee JW, Lin G, Lee YK, Lee YH, Choi IS, Han SB, Jung JK, Kim YH, Kim KH, Oh KW, Hong JT, Lee MS. Obovatol attenuates LPS-induced memory impairments in mice via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Neurochem Int 2012; 60:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Choi DY, Lee YJ, Hong JT, Lee HJ. Antioxidant properties of natural polyphenols and their therapeutic potentials for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2011; 87:144-53. [PMID: 22155297 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and most common cause of dementia. However, there is no known way to halt or cure the neurodegenerative disease. Oxidative stress is a cardinal hallmark of the disease and has been considered as therapeutic target for AD treatment. Several factors may contribute to oxidative stress in AD brains. First, mitochondrion is a key player that produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial dysfunction found in AD patients may exaggerate generation of ROS and oxidative stress. Second, amyloid-beta peptide generates ROS in the presence of metal ions such as Fe(2+) and Cu(2+). Third, activated glial cells in AD brains may produce excessive amount of superoxide and nitric oxide through NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Increased ROS can cause damage to protein, lipid and nucleic acids. Numerous studies demonstrated that natural polyphenolic compounds protect against various neurotoxic insults in vitro and in vivo AD models. In these studies, dietary polyphenolic compounds exhibit neuroprotective effects through scavenging free radicals and increasing antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, they could facilitate the endogenous antioxidant system by stimulating transcription. Some epidemiological and clinical studies highlighted their therapeutic potential for AD treatment. In this review, we will briefly discuss causes of oxidative stress in AD brains, and describe antioxidant neuroprotective effects and therapeutic potential for AD of selected natural polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
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Synthesis and anti-platelet activity of obovatol derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1107-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lee YJ, Lee YM, Lee CK, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT. Therapeutic applications of compounds in the Magnolia family. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 130:157-76. [PMID: 21277893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bark and/or seed cones of the Magnolia tree have been used in traditional herbal medicines in Korea, China and Japan. Bioactive ingredients such as magnolol, honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol and obovatol have received great attention, judging by the large number of investigators who have studied their pharmacological effects for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, many investigators reported the anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects as well as toxicities and pharmacokinetics data, however, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological activities are not clear. The aim of this study was to review a variety of experimental and clinical reports and, describe the effectiveness, toxicities and pharmacokinetics, and possible mechanisms of Magnolia and/or its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Neurotrophic activity of obovatol on the cultured embryonic rat neuronal cells by increase of neurotrophin release through activation of ERK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 649:168-76. [PMID: 20868677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that obovatol, a lignan compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic effects. Recent studies showed that honokiol, magnolol, and 4-O-methylhonokiol, lignin compounds isolated from the Magnolia family have neurotrophic activity. In this study, we examined whether or not obovatol also exhibits neurite-promoting effects on rat embryonic neuronal cells. Obovatol increased neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistent with the neurite outgrowth effect, the expression of neurite differentiation markers also increased in response to obovatol. We also found that obovatol increased levels of NGF and BDNF released into the culture medium. In addition, the combination of low concentrations of obovatol (1 and 2 μM) with NGF (50 ng/ml) or with BDNF (10 ng/ml) greatly enhanced neurite outgrowth. Subsequently, we found that obovatol increased phosphorylation of ERK. However, the neurite outgrowth, and NGF and BDNF release induced by obovatol were prevented by an ERK-specific inhibitor. These results suggest that obovatol promotes neurite outgrowth due to the increased release of neurotrophic factors via activation of the ERK pathway.
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Ban JO, Kwak DH, Oh JH, Park EJ, Cho MC, Song HS, Song MJ, Han SB, Moon DC, Kang KW, Hong JT. Suppression of NF-kappaB and GSK-3beta is involved in colon cancer cell growth inhibition by the PPAR agonist troglitazone. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:75-85. [PMID: 20540935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonists such as troglitazone, pioglitazone and thiazolidine have been shown to induce apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of PPARgamma agonist-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells, however, is not clear. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) is an indispensable element for the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) which plays a critical role in the mediation of survival signals in cancer cells. To investigate the mechanisms of PPARgamma agonist-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells, we examined the effect of troglitazone (0-16muM) on the activation of GSK-3beta and NF-kappaB. Our study showed that the inhibitory effect of troglitazone on colon cancer cell growth was associated with inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and GSK-3beta expression in a dose-dependent manner. Cells were arrested in G(0)/G(1) phase followed by the induction of apoptosis after treatment of troglitazone with concomitant decrease in the expression of the G(0)/G(1) phase regulatory proteins; Cdk2, Cdk4, cyclin B1, D1, and E as well as in the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 along with an increase in the expression of the pro-apoptosis-associated proteins; Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax. Transient transfection of GSK-3beta recovered troglitazone-induced cell growth inhibition and NF-kappaB inactivation. In contrast, co-treatment of troglitazone with a GSK-3beta inhibitor (AR-a014418) or siRNA against GSK-3beta, significantly augmented the inhibitory effect of troglitazone on the NF-kappaB activity, the cancer cell growth and on the expression of G(0)/G(1) phase regulatory proteins and pro-apoptosis regulatory proteins. These results suggest that the PPARgamma agonist, troglitazone, inhibits colon cancer cell growth via inactivation of NF-kappaB by suppressing GSK-3beta activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Ban
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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