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Park I, Kim KE, Kim J, Kim AK, Bae S, Jung M, Choi J, Mishra PK, Kim TM, Kwak C, Kang MG, Yoo CM, Mun JY, Liu KH, Lee KS, Kim JS, Suh JM, Rhee HW. Mitochondrial matrix RTN4IP1/OPA10 is an oxidoreductase for coenzyme Q synthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:221-233. [PMID: 37884807 PMCID: PMC10830421 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Targeting proximity-labeling enzymes to specific cellular locations is a viable strategy for profiling subcellular proteomes. Here, we generated transgenic mice (MAX-Tg) expressing a mitochondrial matrix-targeted ascorbate peroxidase. Comparative analysis of matrix proteomes from the muscle tissues showed differential enrichment of mitochondrial proteins. We found that reticulon 4-interacting protein 1 (RTN4IP1), also known as optic atrophy-10, is enriched in the mitochondrial matrix of muscle tissues and is an NADPH oxidoreductase. Interactome analysis and in vitro enzymatic assays revealed an essential role for RTN4IP1 in coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis by regulating the O-methylation activity of COQ3. Rtn4ip1-knockout myoblasts had markedly decreased CoQ9 levels and impaired cellular respiration. Furthermore, muscle-specific knockdown of dRtn4ip1 in flies resulted in impaired muscle function, which was reversed by dietary supplementation with soluble CoQ. Collectively, these results demonstrate that RTN4IP1 is a mitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidoreductase essential for supporting mitochondrial respiration activity in the muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesoo Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyeong Kim
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Bae
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Taek-Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Gyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Liu KH, Yang W, Tian HP. Relationships between intravoxel incoherent motion parameters and expressions of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in patients with cervical cancer. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e264-e272. [PMID: 37926648 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the associations of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters with expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and evaluate the performance of the combined model established based on IVIM and clinicopathological parameters in predicting PD-L1and PD-1 status of cervical cancer (CC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-eight consecutive CC patients were enrolled prospectively and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including IVIM. IVIM quantitative parameters were measured, compared, and correlated with PD-L1 and PD-1 expression. Independent factors related to PD-L1 and PD-1 positivity were identified and were used to establish the combined model. The combined model's diagnostic performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) algorithm was used to explain the contribution of each parameter in the combined model. RESULTS The real diffusion coefficient (D) value was significantly lower in the PD-L1-positive group than in the PD-L1-negative group (0.64 ± 0.12 versus 0.72 ± 0.11, p=0.021). The PD-1-positive and PD-1-negative groups showed similar trends (0.63 ± 0.13 versus 0.73 ± 0.09, p=0.003). Parametrial invasion, lymph node status, pathological grade, FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging, and D values were independently associated with PD-L1 and PD-1expression. A combined model incorporating these parameters showed good discrimination with the sensitivity, specificity of 90.9%, 82.6% for PD-L1, and 93.5%, 72% for PD-1. According to the SHAP value, FIGO staging and pathological grade were the most influential features of the prediction model. CONCLUSION IVIM parameters were found to correlate with PD-L1 and PD-1 expression. The combined model, incorporating parametrial invasion, lymph node status, pathological grade, FIGO staging, and D values, showed good discrimination in predicting PD-L1 and PD-1 status, providing the basis for CC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, PR China
| | - W Yang
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Road, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
| | - H P Tian
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, PR China
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Kim KY, Jeong YJ, Park SY, Park EJ, Jeon JH, Song IS, Liu KH. Evaluation of the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Potential of Saxagliptin through Reactive Metabolite Identification in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:106. [PMID: 38258116 PMCID: PMC10819019 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A liver injury was recently reported for saxagliptin, which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. However, the underlying mechanisms of saxagliptin-induced liver injury remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether saxagliptin, a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that is globally used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, binds to the nucleophiles in vitro. Four DPP-4 inhibitors, including vildagliptin, were evaluated for comparison. Only saxagliptin and vildagliptin, which both contain a cyanopyrrolidine group, quickly reacted with L-cysteine to enzyme-independently produce thiazolinic acid metabolites. This saxagliptin-cysteine adduct was also found in saxagliptin-administered male Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, this study newly identified cysteinyl glycine conjugates of saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin. The observed metabolic pathways were hydroxylation and conjugation with cysteine, glutathione, sulfate, and glucuronide. In summary, we determined four new thiazoline-containing thiol metabolites (cysteine and cysteinylglycine conjugates of saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin) in saxagliptin-administered male rats. Our results reveal that saxagliptin can covalently bind to the thiol groups of cysteine residues of endogenous proteins in vivo, indicating the potential for saxagliptin to cause drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (E.-J.P.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Yeo-Jin Jeong
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (E.-J.P.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - So-Young Park
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (E.-J.P.); (J.-H.J.)
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (E.-J.P.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Jeon
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (E.-J.P.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Im-Sook Song
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (E.-J.P.); (J.-H.J.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (K.-Y.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (E.-J.P.); (J.-H.J.)
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Na AY, Lee H, Min EK, Paudel S, Choi SY, Sim H, Liu KH, Kim KT, Bae JS, Lee S. Novel Time-dependent Multi-omics Integration in Sepsis-associated Liver Dysfunction. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2023; 21:1101-1116. [PMID: 37084954 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed technologies that allow the analysis of each single omics have provided an unbiased insight into ongoing disease processes. However, it remains challenging to specify the study design for the subsequent integration strategies that can associate sepsis pathophysiology and clinical outcomes. Here, we conducted a time-dependent multi-omics integration (TDMI) in a sepsis-associated liver dysfunction (SALD) model. We successfully deduced the relation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway with SALD. Although TLR4 is a critical factor in sepsis progression, it is not specified in single-omics analyses but only in the TDMI analysis. This finding indicates that the TDMI-based approach is more advantageous than single-omics analyses in terms of exploring the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of SALD. Furthermore, TDMI-based approach can be an ideal paradigm for insightful biological interpretations of multi-omics datasets that will potentially reveal novel insights into basic biology, health, and diseases, thus allowing the identification of promising candidates for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Yae Na
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ki Min
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjita Paudel
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunChae Sim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Chu H, Kim SM, Zhang K, Wu Z, Lee H, Kim JH, Kim HL, Kim YR, Kim SH, Kim WJ, Lee YW, Lee KH, Liu KH, Park CO. Head and neck dermatitis is exacerbated by Malassezia furfur colonization, skin barrier disruption, and immune dysregulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114321. [PMID: 36911720 PMCID: PMC9992991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction & objectives Head and neck dermatitis (HND) is a refractory phenotype of atopic dermatitis (AD) and can be a therapeutic challenge due to lack of responsiveness to conventional treatments. Previous studies have suggested that the microbiome and fungiome may play a role in inducing HND, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the link between HND and fungiome and to examine the contribution of Malassezia furfur. Materials and methods To identify the effect of the sensitization status of M. furfur on HND, 312 patients diagnosed with AD were enrolled. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the effects of M. furfur, human keratinocytes and dermal endothelial cells were cultured with M. furfur and treated with Th2 cytokines. The downstream effects of various cytokines, including inflammation and angiogenesis, were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR. To identify the association between changes in lipid composition and M. furfur sensitization status, D-squame tape stripping was performed. Lipid composition was evaluated by focusing on ceramide species using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Increased sensitization to M. furfur was observed in patients with HND. Additionally, sensitization to M. furfur was associated with increased disease severity in these patients. IL-4 treated human keratinocytes cultured with M. furfur produced significantly more VEGF, VEGFR, IL-31, and IL-33. IL-4/M. furfur co-cultured dermal endothelial cells exhibited significantly elevated VEGFR, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels. Stratum corneum lipid analysis revealed decreased levels of esterified omega-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine, indicating skin barrier dysfunction in HND. Finally, M. furfur growth was inhibited by the addition of these ceramides to culture media, while the growth of other microbiota, including Cutibacterium acnes, were not inhibited. Conclusions Under decreased levels of ceramide in AD patients with HND, M. furfur would proliferate, which may enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Thus, it plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HND in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - KeLun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Community Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hemin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Li Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Jin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Community Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Kim E, Shin EA, Shon JC, Sun H, Kim JE, Jung JW, Lee H, Pinanga Y, Song DG, Liu KH, Lee JW. Crosstalk between TM4SF5 and GLUT8 regulates fructose metabolism in hepatic steatosis. Mol Metab 2022; 58:101451. [PMID: 35123128 PMCID: PMC8866669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is likely involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, although its roles and cross-talks with glucose/fructose transporters in phenotypes derived from high-carbohydrate diets remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the modulation of hepatic fructose metabolism by TM4SF5. Methods Wild-type or Tm4sf5−/− knockout mice were evaluated via different diets, including normal chow, high-sucrose diet, or high-fat diet without or with fructose in drinking water (30% w/v). Using liver tissues and blood samples from the mice or hepatocytes, the roles of TM4SF5 in fructose-mediated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and steatosis via a crosstalk with glucose transporter 8 (GLUT8) were assessed. Results Tm4sf5 suppression or knockout in both in vitro and in vivo models reduced fructose uptake, DNL, and steatosis. Extracellular fructose treatment of hepatocytes resulted in an inverse relationship between fructose–uptake activity and TM4SF5-mediated translocalization of GLUT8 through dynamic binding at the cell surface. Following fructose treatment, TM4SF5 binding to GLUT8 transiently decreased with translocation to the plasma membrane (PM), where GLUT8 separated and became active for fructose uptake and DNL. Conclusions Overall, hepatic TM4SF5 modulated GLUT8 localization and activity through transient binding, leading to steatosis-related fructose uptake and lipogenesis. Thus, TM4SF5 and/or GLUT8 may be promising treatment targets against liver steatosis resulting from excessive fructose consumption. The impact of TM4SF5 in fructose metabolism for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not documented. Hepatic TM4SF5 could be associated with fructose-mediated nonalcoholic fatty liver. TM4SF5 regulated intracellular localization and fructose uptake activity of GLUT8. TM4SF5 inhibitors may attenuate phenotypes of NAFLD by excessive fructose intake.
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Ji SB, Park SY, Bae S, Seo HJ, Kim SE, Lee GM, Wu Z, Liu KH. Comprehensive Investigation of Stereoselective Food Drug Interaction Potential of Resveratrol on Nine P450 and Six UGT Isoforms in Human Liver Microsomes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091419. [PMID: 34575495 PMCID: PMC8470274 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stereoselectivity of the food drug inhibition potential of resveratrol on cytochrome P450s and uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases was investigated in human liver microsomes. Resveratrol enantiomers showed stereoselective inhibition of CYP2C9, CYP3A, and UGT1A1. The inhibitions of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 by resveratrol were stereo-nonselective. The estimated Ki values determined for CYP1A2 were 13.8 and 9.2 μM for trans- and cis-resveratrol, respectively. Trans-resveratrol noncompetitively inhibited CYP3A and UGT1A1 activities with Ki values of 23.8 and 27.4 μM, respectively. Trans-resveratrol inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A in a time-dependent manner with Ki shift values >2.0, while cis-resveratrol time-dependently inhibited CYP2C19 and CYP2E1. The time-dependent inhibition of trans-resveratrol against CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 was elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent. This information helped the prediction of food drug interaction potentials between resveratrol and co-administered drugs which are mainly metabolized by UGT1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bae Ji
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-B.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.B.); (H.-J.S.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-B.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.B.); (H.-J.S.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Subin Bae
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-B.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.B.); (H.-J.S.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Seo
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-B.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.B.); (H.-J.S.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sin-Eun Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-B.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.B.); (H.-J.S.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Gyung-Min Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-B.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.B.); (H.-J.S.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-53-950-8567 (Z.W. & K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (Z.W. & K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-B.J.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.B.); (H.-J.S.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-53-950-8567 (Z.W. & K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (Z.W. & K.-H.L.)
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Jang SN, Park SY, Lee H, Jeong H, Jeon JH, Song IS, Kwon MJ, Liu KH. In vitro modulatory effects of ginsenoside compound K, 20( S)-protopanaxadiol and 20( S)-protopanaxatriol on uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase activity and expression. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1087-1094. [PMID: 34338601 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1963503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We explored the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside compound K (CK), 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) on six uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, and 2B7) activities in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and 10 UGT enzyme (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15, and 2B17) activities in recombinant UGT isoforms.PPD was a potent inhibitor of UGT1A3 activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 5.62 and 3.38 μM in HLMs and recombinant UGT1A3, respectively. UGT1A3 inhibition by CK and PPD was competitive with inhibitory constant (Ki) values of 17.4 and 1.21 μM, respectively, and inhibition by PPT was non-competitive with a Ki value of 8.07 μM in HLMs. PPD exhibited more than 3.4-fold selectivity for UGT1A3 inhibition compared with other UGT isoforms inhibition, while CK and PPT showed more than 2.16- and 2.21-fold selectivity, respectively.PPD did not significantly increase the mRNA expression of UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A9, and 2B7 in hepatocytes.Given the low plasma concentrations of PPD in healthy human subjects and the absence of induction potential on UGT isoforms, we conclude that PPD cause no pharmacokinetic interactions with other co-administered drugs metabolised by UGT1A3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Nyeong Jang
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Jeon
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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9
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Kim BK, Shon JC, Seo HS, Liu KH, Lee JW, Ahn SK, Hong SP. Decrease of ceramides with long-chain fatty acids in psoriasis: Possible inhibitory effect of interferon gamma on chain elongation. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:122-132. [PMID: 34270128 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reportedly, decreases in fatty acid (FA) chain length of ceramide (CER) are associated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which shows increased expression in psoriasis. However, the underlying mechanism of this association remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify this association between FA chain length of CER, IFN-γ, and the major transcriptional factors involving psoriasis. CER profiling according to FA chain length and class was performed in murine epidermis (n = 10 BALB/c mice topically treated with imiquimod, n = 10 controls) and human stratum corneum (SC) (n = 12 psoriasis, n = 11 controls). The expression of lipid synthetic enzymes, including elongases (ELOVLs), in murine epidermis was also measured using RT-PCR. Furthermore, the association of IFN-γ with various enzymes and transcription factors involved in the generation of long-chain CERs was also investigated using in vitro keratinocyte. A significant decrease in the percentage of long-chain CERs was observed in psoriasis-like murine epidermis and human psoriatic SC. Additionally, the expression levels of ELOVL1, ELOVL4, and ceramide synthase3 (CerS3) were significantly decreased in psoriasis-like murine epidermis and IFN-γ-treated keratinocyte. There was also a significant decrease in the expression of transcriptional factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), in IFN-γ treated keratinocyte. Thus, it could be suggested that IFN-γ may regulate ELOVL and CerS levels by down-regulating the transcriptional factors. Additionally, given the possible involvement of PPARs or liver X receptor agonist in the CER elongation process, they may serve as potential therapeutic agents for lengthening the CER FAs in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seok Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ku Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Phil Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Na AY, Choi S, Yang E, Liu KH, Kim S, Jung HJ, Choe Y, Ha YS, Kwon TG, Lee JN, Lee S. Characterization of Novel Progression Factors in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Based on Global Comparative Proteome Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143432. [PMID: 34298646 PMCID: PMC8304965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Here, we investigated prostate cancer (PCa) tissues at each stage of progression, from benign prostatic hyperplasia to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), based on quantitative proteomic technology, including tissues after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In total, we identified 4768 proteins, and 4069 of them were quantified. We performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis of 865 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the combined PCa tissues. We found 15 DEPs, including FOXA1 and HMGN1–3, as novel factors were significantly involved in the progression to CRPC after ADT in T3G3. All targets were verified to have increased levels of FOXA1 and HMGN1–3 in CRPC by immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The FOXA1 and HMGN1–3 proteins could be used as CRPC-related factors in clinical therapeutic agents. Abstract Identifying the biological change from hormone-naïve prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a major clinical challenge for developing therapeutic agents. Although the pathways that lead to CRPC are not fully completely understood, recent evidence demonstrates that androgen signaling is often maintained through varied mechanisms. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used as a primary treatment for preventing the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Here we investigated PCa tissues at each stage of progression, from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to CRPC, based on quantitative proteomic technology, including tissues after ADT. In total, 4768 proteins were identified in this study, of which 4069 were quantified in the combined PCa tissues. Among the quantified proteins, 865 were differentially expressed proteins (21.2%). Based on the quantitative protein results, we performed systematic bioinformatics analysis and found that the levels of 15 proteins, including FOXA1 and HMGN1–3, increased among T3G3, T3GX, and CRPC, despite the ADT. Among all targets, we verified the increased levels of FOXA1 and HMGN1–3 in CRPC by immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In summary, we discuss the changes in intracellular factors involved in the progression of CRPC PCa despite ADT. Moreover, we suggest that FOXA1 and HMGN1–3 proteins could be used as potential CRPC-related factors in clinical therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Yae Na
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.C.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Soyoung Choi
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.C.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Eunju Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.C.); (K.-H.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea; (H.J.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea; (H.J.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (T.G.K.)
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41405, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (T.G.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.N.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-53-200-2675 (J.N.L.); +82-53-950-5986 (S.L.)
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (A.-Y.N.); (S.C.); (K.-H.L.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.N.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +82-53-200-2675 (J.N.L.); +82-53-950-5986 (S.L.)
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11
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Wu Z, Kim GJ, Park SY, Shon JC, Liu KH, Choi H. In Vitro Metabolism Study of Seongsanamide A in Human Liver Microsomes Using Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Feature-Based Molecular Networking. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071031. [PMID: 34371722 PMCID: PMC8309059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seongsanamide A is a bicyclic peptide with an isodityrosine residue discovered in Bacillus safensis KCTC 12796BP which exhibits anti-allergic activity in vitro and in vivo without significant cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the in vitro metabolic pathway and potential for drug interactions of seongsanamide A in human liver microsomes using non-targeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) techniques. We identified four metabolites, and their structures were elucidated by interpretation of high-resolution tandem mass spectra. The primary metabolic pathway associated with seongsanamide A metabolism was hydroxylation and oxidative hydrolysis. A reaction phenotyping study was also performed using recombinant cytochrome P450 isoforms. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were identified as the major metabolic enzymes responsible for metabolite formation. Seongsanamide A did not inhibit the cytochrome P450 isoforms commonly involved in drug metabolism (IC50 > 10 µM). These results will contribute to further understanding the metabolism and drug interaction potential of various bicyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexue Wu
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Geum Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - So-Young Park
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (J.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2824 (H.C.); FAX: +82- 53-950-8557 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2036 (H.C.)
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (H.C.); Tel.: +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2824 (H.C.); FAX: +82- 53-950-8557 (K.-H.L.); +82-53-810-2036 (H.C.)
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12
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Kwon YJ, Lee GM, Liu KH, Jung DH. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Plasma Ceramide Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070417. [PMID: 34202864 PMCID: PMC8307748 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a crucial cause of death in postmenopausal women. Plasma ceramide concentrations are correlated with the development of atherosclerosis and are significant predictors of CVD. Here, we conducted a 4-week, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on serum ceramide concentrations in 68 postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (n = 36) received KRG and the control (n = 32) group received placebo, 2 g each, once daily. Serum ceramides were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry at baseline and study completion, with changes in serum ceramide levels as the primary end point. We detected significantly greater mean changes in C16 ceramide levels (d18:1/16:0: −6.4 ± 6.3 pmol/mL vs. 14.6 ± 6.8 pmol/mL, respectively, p = 0.040; d18:1/22:0: −20.8 ± 24.4 pmol/mL vs. 71.1 ± 26.2 pmol/mL, respectively, p = 0.020). Additionally, changes in the median C16 (d18:1/16:0) and C22 (d18:1/22:0) ceramide levels were significantly greater in KRG-group subjects with metabolic syndrome than those without. Therefore, we found that KRG decreases the serum levels of several ceramides in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia, suggesting it may be beneficial for preventing CVD in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
| | - Gyung-Min Lee
- BK 21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK 21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (D.-H.J.); Tel.: +82-01-8967-9802 (K.-H.L.); +82-10-4204-8998 (D.-H.J.)
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (D.-H.J.); Tel.: +82-01-8967-9802 (K.-H.L.); +82-10-4204-8998 (D.-H.J.)
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Kim SE, Ji SB, Kim E, Jeong M, Kim J, Lee GM, Seo HJ, Bae S, Jeong Y, Lee S, Kim S, Lee T, Cho SJ, Liu KH. Nontargeted Metabolomics by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Study the In Vitro Metabolism of a Dual Inverse Agonist of Estrogen-Related Receptors β and γ, DN203368. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060776. [PMID: 34072800 PMCID: PMC8230175 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DN203368 ((E)-3-[1-(4-[4-isopropylpiperazine-1-yl]phenyl) 3-methyl-2-phenylbut-1-en-1-yl] phenol) is a 4-hydroxy tamoxifen analog that is a dual inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor β/γ (ERRβ/γ). ERRγ is an orphan nuclear receptor that plays an important role in development and homeostasis and holds potential as a novel therapeutic target in metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer. ERRβ is also one of the orphan nuclear receptors critical for many biological processes, such as development. We investigated the in vitro metabolism of DN203368 by conventional and metabolomic approaches using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compound (100 μM) was incubated with rat and human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. In the metabolomic approach, the m/z value and retention time information obtained from the sample and heat-inactivated control group were statistically evaluated using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Significant features responsible for group separation were then identified using tandem mass spectra. Seven metabolites of DN203368 were identified in rat liver microsomes and the metabolic pathways include hydroxylation (M1-3), N-oxidation (M4), N-deisopropylation (M5), N,N-dealkylation (M6), and oxidation and dehydrogenation (M7). Only five metabolites (M2, M3, and M5-M7) were detected in human liver microsomes. In the conventional approach using extracted ion monitoring for values of mass increase or decrease by known metabolic reactions, only five metabolites (M1-M5) were found in rat liver microsomes, whereas three metabolites (M2, M3, and M5) were found in human liver microsomes. This study revealed that nontargeted metabolomics combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis could be a more efficient tool for drug metabolite identification than the conventional approach. These results might also be useful for understanding the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of DN203368 in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Eun Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Seung-Bae Ji
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Euihyeon Kim
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Minseon Jeong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea; (M.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Gyung-Min Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Hyung-Ju Seo
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Subin Bae
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Yeojin Jeong
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.C.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-958-5137 (S.-J.C.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-2-958-5137 (S.J.C.); +82-53-950-8557 (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (S.-B.J.); (E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (H.-J.S.); (S.B.); (Y.J.); (S.L.); (T.L.)
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.J.C.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-958-5137 (S.-J.C.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-2-958-5137 (S.J.C.); +82-53-950-8557 (K.-H.L.)
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14
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Jeong YU, Jin HE, Lim HY, Choi G, Joo H, Kang B, Lee GH, Liu KH, Maeng HJ, Chung S, Son GH, Jung JW. Development of Non-Ethoxypropanoic Acid Type Cryptochrome Inhibitors with Circadian Molecular Clock-Enhancing Activity by Bioisosteric Replacement. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060496. [PMID: 34073760 PMCID: PMC8225008 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian dysfunction is closely associated with an increased risk of various diseases. Considering that molecular clock machinery serves as an intrinsic time-keeping system underlying the circadian rhythm of biological processes, the modulation of the molecular clock machinery is an attractive therapeutic target with novel mechanisms of action. Based on the previous structure–activity relationship study of small molecule cryptochrome (CRY) inhibitors possessing an ethoxypropanoic acid moiety, non-ethoxypropanoic acid-type inhibitors have been developed by bioisosteric replacement. They were evaluated as potent and effective enhancers of E-box-mediated transcription, and, in particular, ester 5d and its hydrolysis product 2d exhibited desirable metabolic and pharmacokinetic profiles as promising drug candidates. Compound 2d directly bound to both CRY1 and 2 in surface plasmon resonance analyses, suggesting that the molecular target is CRY. Effects of compound 5d and 2d on suppressive action of CRY1 on CLOCK:BMAL1-activated E-box-LUC reporter activity revealed that both compounds inhibited the negative feedback actions of CRY on CLOCK:BMAL1. Most importantly, compounds 5d and 2d exhibited significant effects on molecular circadian rhythmicity to be considered circadian clock-enhancers, distinct from the previously developed CRY inhibitors possessing an ethoxypropanoic acid moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Uk Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.U.J.); (G.C.); (H.J.); (B.K.); (G.-H.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Hye Young Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Goyeong Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.U.J.); (G.C.); (H.J.); (B.K.); (G.-H.L.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Hansol Joo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.U.J.); (G.C.); (H.J.); (B.K.); (G.-H.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Bohun Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.U.J.); (G.C.); (H.J.); (B.K.); (G.-H.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.U.J.); (G.C.); (H.J.); (B.K.); (G.-H.L.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.U.J.); (G.C.); (H.J.); (B.K.); (G.-H.L.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (G.H.S.); (J.-W.J.); Tel.: +82-2-2286-1147 (G.H.S.); +82-53-950-8578 (J.-W.J.)
| | - Jong-Wha Jung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.U.J.); (G.C.); (H.J.); (B.K.); (G.-H.L.); (K.-H.L.)
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.H.S.); (J.-W.J.); Tel.: +82-2-2286-1147 (G.H.S.); +82-53-950-8578 (J.-W.J.)
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Kang S, Lee AY, Park SY, Liu KH, Im DS. O-1602 Promotes Hepatic Steatosis through GPR55 and PI3 Kinase/Akt/SREBP-1c Signaling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3091. [PMID: 33803038 PMCID: PMC8003045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is recognized as the leading cause of chronic liver disease. Overnutrition and obesity are associated with hepatic steatosis. G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has not been extensively studied in hepatic steatosis, although its endogenous ligands have been implicated in liver disease progression. Therefore, the functions of GPR55 were investigated in Hep3B human hepatoma cells and mice fed high-fat diets. O-1602, the most potent agonist of GPR55, induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which was reversed by treatment with CID16020046, an antagonist of GPR55. O-1602 also induced intracellular calcium rise in Hep3B cells in a GPR55-independent manner. O-1602-induced lipid accumulation was dependent on the PI3 kinase/Akt/SREBP-1c signaling cascade. Furthermore, we found increased levels of lysophosphatidylinositol species of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, and 20:2 in the livers of mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. One-week treatment with CID16020046 suppressed high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation and O-1602-induced increase of serum triglyceride levels in vivo. Therefore, the present data suggest the pro-steatotic function of GPR55 signaling in hepatocytes and provide a potential therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (A.-Y.L.)
| | - Ae-Yeon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (A.-Y.L.)
| | - So-Young Park
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR KNU Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (A.-Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Seo HJ, Ji SB, Kim SE, Lee GM, Park SY, Wu Z, Jang DS, Liu KH. Inhibitory Effects of Schisandra Lignans on Cytochrome P450s and Uridine 5'-Diphospho-Glucuronosyl Transferases in Human Liver Microsomes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030371. [PMID: 33802239 PMCID: PMC8000448 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat chronic coughs, fatigue, night sweats, and insomnia. Numerous bioactive components including lignans have been identified in this plant. Lignans with a dibenzocyclooctadiene moiety have been known to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activity. Fragmentary studies have reported the ability of some lignans to modulate some cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Herein, we investigated the drug interaction potential of six dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (schisandrin, gomisin A, B, C, and N, and wuweizisu C) on nine P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A) and six uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT) enzymes (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, and 2B7) using human liver microsomes. We found that lignans with one or two methylenedioxyphenyl groups inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2E1 activities in a time- and concentration-dependent like their CYP3A inhibition. In comparison, these lignans do not induce time-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP2D6. The time-dependent inhibition of gomisin A against CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 was also elucidated using glutathione as a trapping reagent of reactive carbene metabolites given that gomisin A strongly inhibits these P450 enzymes in a time-dependent manner. A glutathione conjugate of gomisin A was generated in reactions with human recombinant CYP2C8, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4. This suggests that the time-dependent inhibition of gomisin A against CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 is due to the production of carbene reactive metabolite. Six of the lignans we tested inhibited the activities of six UGT to a limited extent (IC50 > 15 μM). This information may aid the prediction of possible drug interactions between Schisandra lignans and any co-administered drugs which are mainly metabolized by P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ju Seo
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Seung-Bae Ji
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Sin-Eun Kim
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Gyung-Min Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - So-Young Park
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Zhexue Wu
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-J.S.); (S.-B.J.); (S.-E.K.); (G.-M.L.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.S.J.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0719 (D.S.J.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.)
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Seok JK, Hong EH, Yang G, Lee HE, Kim SE, Liu KH, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Oxidized Phospholipids in Tumor Microenvironment Stimulate Tumor Metastasis via Regulation of Autophagy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030558. [PMID: 33806593 PMCID: PMC8001732 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids are well known to play physiological and pathological roles in regulating cellular homeostasis and disease progression. However, their role in cancer metastasis has not been entirely understood. In this study, effects of oxidized phosphatidylcholines such as 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy were determined in cancer cells by immunoblotting and confocal analysis. Metastasis was analyzed by a scratch wound assay and a transwell migration/invasion assay. The concentrations of POVPC and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (PGPC) in tumor tissues obtained from patients were measured by LC-MS/MS analysis. POVPC induced EMT, resulting in increase of migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and human breast cancer cells (MCF7). POVPC induced autophagic flux through AMPK-mTOR pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of autophagy decreased migration and invasion of POVPC-treated HepG2 and MCF7 cells. POVPC and PGPC levels were greatly increased at stage II of patient-derived intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissues. PGPC levels were higher in malignant breast tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. The results show that oxidized phosphatidylcholines increase metastatic potential of cancer cells by promoting EMT, mediated through autophagy. These suggest the positive regulatory role of oxidized phospholipids accumulated in tumor microenvironment in the regulation of tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Seok
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Eun-Hee Hong
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) Central Research Institute, Daejeon 34101, Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Immunotherapy Research Lab, Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju 54986, Korea
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Sin-Eun Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Han Chang Kang
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea; (J.K.S.); (E.-H.H.); (G.Y.); (H.E.L.); (H.C.K.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-2-2164-4095
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Ghatge S, Yang Y, Moon S, Song WY, Kim TY, Liu KH, Hur HG. A novel pathway for initial biotransformation of dinitroaniline herbicide butralin from a newly isolated bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. strain HMH. J Hazard Mater 2021; 402:123510. [PMID: 32736179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Butralin (N-sec- Butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroaniline) is a highly persistent dinitroaniline herbicide frequently detected in the environment. In this study, butralin-degrading soil bacterium, Sphingopyxis sp. strain HMH was isolated from agricultural soil samples. Based on whole genome sequence analysis of the strain HMH, the gene encoding a nitroreductase NfnB was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli), and protein was purified to homogeneity. NfnB is a flavin-nitroreductase, found to be a functional tetramer, composed of subunit molecular mass of 25 kDa. The metabolites from butralin degradation by strain HMH and purified NfnB were identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS), and a novel mechanism of butralin degradation was proposed. NfnB selectively nitro-reduced butralin into N- (sec-Butyl)-4-(tert-butyl)-6-nitrobenzene- 1,2-diamine, followed by formation of 5-(tert-Butyl)-3 -nitrobenzene-1,2-diamine and butanone by N- dealkylation through possible hydroxylation reaction onto the carbon linked amine of the N-(sec-Butyl) moiety. In our study, we could not detect the hydroxylated product 2-(2-Amino-4-tert-butyl-6-nitro- phenylamino)-butan-2-ol) (carbinolamine), instead its Schiff base product (E)-2-(Butan-2-yildeneamino)-5- (tert-butyl)-3-nitroaniline was detected. The release of butanone was further confirmed by derivatization with 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by MS analysis. In conclusion, this study explores a novel multi-functional flavin- nitroreductase family enzyme NfnB, catalyzing unique and sequential nitroreduction and N-dealkylation through oxidative hydroxylation of dinitroaniline herbicide butralin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Ghatge
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Youri Yang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyun Moon
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Song
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Chlorambucil is a nitrogen mustard-based DNA alkylating drug, which is widely used as a front-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Despite its widespread application and success for the initial treatment of leukaemia, a majority of patients eventually develop acquired resistance to chlorambucil. In this regard, we have designed and synthesised a novel hybrid molecule, chloram-HDi that simultaneously impairs DNA and HDAC enzymes. Chloram-HDi efficiently inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 and U937 leukaemia cells with GI50 values of 1.24 µM and 1.75 µM, whereas chlorambucil exhibits GI50 values of 21.1 µM and 37.7 µM against HL-60 and U937 leukaemia cells, respectively. The mechanism behind its remarkably enhanced cytotoxicity is that chloram-HDi not only causes a significant DNA damage of leukaemia cells but also downregulates DNA repair protein, Rad52, resulting in the escalation of its DNA-damaging effect. Furthermore, chloram-HDi inhibits HDAC enzymes to induce the acetylation of α-tubulin and histone H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Song
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun You Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kwon YJ, Jang SN, Liu KH, Jung DH. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on Cholesterol Metabolites in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113423. [PMID: 33171597 PMCID: PMC7695162 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Korean red ginseng (KRG) is known to exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Meanwhile, reduced estrogen at menopause has been shown to have various adverse impacts on cardiovascular risk factors, including blood lipids. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of KRG on cholesterol metabolites, which are surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption and biosynthesis, in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. The present study is an exploratory study which used data from a 4-week, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study in 68 postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. Patients received KRG (2 g) or placebo (2 g) once daily. The primary endpoints were changes in the levels of nine sterols. Serum sterols were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analysis. Among the sterols, reduction in cholesterol level were significantly larger in the KRG group than in the placebo group (the changes: −148.3 ± 261.1 nmol/mL in the ginseng group vs. −23.0 ± 220.5 nmol/mL in the placebo group, p = 0.039). Additionally, changes in 7-hydroxycholesterol (7-OHC) were significantly larger in the KRG group than in the placebo group (the changes: −0.05 ± 0.09 nmol/mL in the ginseng group vs. −0.002 ± 0.1 nmol/mL in the placebo group, p = 0.047). Oxysterols, cholesterol derivates, have been known to play a role in chronic inflammation diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. KRG improves sterol metabolism by decreasing cholesterol and 7-OHC levels in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
| | - Su-Nyeong Jang
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-4204-8998
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Shon JC, Kim WC, Ryu R, Wu Z, Seo JS, Choi MS, Liu KH. Plasma Lipidomics Reveals Insights into Anti-Obesity Effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Leaves and Its Constituent Luteolin in High-Fat Diet-Induced Dyslipidemic Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102973. [PMID: 33003339 PMCID: PMC7650530 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat (CM) is widely used as a traditional medicine and herbal tea by the Asian population for its health benefits related to obesity. However, compared to the flowers of CM, detailed mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of its leaves on obesity and dyslipidemia have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, to investigate the lipidomic biomarkers responsible for the pharmacological effects of CM leaf extract (CLE) in plasma of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), the plasma of mice fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD plus CLE 1.5% diet, and HFD plus luteolin 0.003% diet (LU) for 16 weeks were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with multivariate analysis. In our analysis, the ND, HFD, CLE, and LU groups were clearly differentiated by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots. The major metabolites contributing to this differentiation were cholesteryl esters (CEs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), ceramides (CERs), and sphingomyelins (SMs). The levels of plasma CEs, LPCs, PCs, SMs, and CERs were significantly increased in the HFD group compared to those in the ND group, and levels of these lipids recovered to normal after administration of CLE or LU. Furthermore, changes in hepatic mRNA expression levels involved in the Kennedy pathway and sphingolipid biosynthesis were also suppressed by treatment with CLE or LU. In conclusion, this study examined the beneficial effects of CLE and LU on obesity and dyslipidemia, which were demonstrated as reduced synthesis of lipotoxic intermediates. These results may provide valuable insights towards evaluating the therapeutic effects of CLE and LU and understanding obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheol Shon
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea; (J.C.S.); (J.-S.S.)
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
| | - Won Cheol Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ri Ryu
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea;
| | - Zhexue Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea; (J.C.S.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-53-950-6232 (M.-S.C.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (M.-S.C. & K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (W.C.K.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (K.-H.L.); Tel.: +82-53-950-6232 (M.-S.C.); +82-53-950-8567 (K.-H.L.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (M.-S.C. & K.-H.L.)
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Kim Y, Jo JJ, Cho P, Shrestha R, Kim KM, Ki SH, Song KS, Liu KH, Song IS, Kim JH, Lee JM, Lee S. Characterization of red ginseng-drug interaction by CYP3A activity increased in high dose administration in mice. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2020; 41:295-306. [PMID: 32557706 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a popular traditional herbal medicine used worldwide. Patients often take ginseng preparations with other medicines where the ginseng dose could exceed the recommended dose during long-term administration. However, ginseng-drug interactions at high doses of ginseng are poorly understood. This study showed the possibility of herb-drug interactions between the Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract and cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrates in higher administration in mice. The CYP activities were determined in vivo after oral administration of KRG extract doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg for 2 or 4 weeks by monitoring the concentration of five CYP substrates/metabolites in the blood. The area under the curve for OH-midazolam/midazolam catalysed by CYP3A was increased significantly by the administration of 2.0 g/kg KRG extract for 2 and 4 weeks. CYP3A-catalysed midazolam 1'-hydroxylation also increased significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the S9 fraction of mouse liver which was not related to induction by transcription. Whereas CYP2D-catalysed dextromethorphan O-deethylation decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vivo. In conclusion, interactions were observed between KRG extract and CYP2D and CYP3A substrates at subchronic-high doses of KRG administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younah Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Jo
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Piljoung Cho
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Riya Shrestha
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Song
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Mok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Lim J, Moon SH, Liu KH, Choi HJ. Toluene Inhalation Causes Early Anxiety and Delayed Depression with Regulation of Dopamine Turnover, 5-HT 1A Receptor, and Adult Neurogenesis in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:282-291. [PMID: 32336053 PMCID: PMC7216750 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled solvents such as toluene are of particular concern due to their abuse potential that is easily exposed to the environment. The inhalation of toluene causes various behavioral problems, but, the effect of short-term exposure of toluene on changes in emotional behaviors over time after exposure and the accompanying pathological characteristics have not been fully identified. Here, we evaluated the behavioral and neurochemical changes observed over time in mice that inhaled toluene. The mice were exposed to toluene for 30 min at a concentration of either 500 or 2,000 ppm. Toluene did not cause social or motor dysfunction in mice. However, increased anxiety-like behavior was detected in the short-term after exposure, and depression-like behavior appeared as delayed effects. The amount of striatal dopamine metabolites was significantly decreased by toluene, which continued to be seen for up to almost two weeks after inhalation. Additionally, an upregulation of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor in the hippocampus and the substantia nigra, as well as reduced immunoreactivity of neurogenesis markers in the dentate gyrus, was observed in the mice after two weeks. These results suggest that toluene inhalation, even single exposure, mimics early anxiety- and delayed depression-like emotional disturbances, underpinned by pathological changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
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Park SY, Nguyen PH, Kim G, Jang SN, Lee GH, Phuc NM, Wu Z, Liu KH. Strong and Selective Inhibitory Effects of the Biflavonoid Selamariscina A against CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 Enzyme Activities in Human Liver Microsomes. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040343. [PMID: 32290339 PMCID: PMC7238120 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Like flavonoids, biflavonoids, dimeric flavonoids, and polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, there is limited data on their effects on cytochrome P450 (P450) and uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase (UGT) enzyme activities. In this study we evaluate the inhibitory potential of five biflavonoids against nine P450 activities (P450s1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A) in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using cocktail incubation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most strongly inhibited P450 activity was CYP2C8-mediated amodiaquine N-dealkylation with IC50 ranges of 0.019~0.123 μM. In addition, the biflavonoids-selamariscina A, amentoflavone, robustaflavone, cupressuflavone, and taiwaniaflavone-noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C8 activity with respective Ki values of 0.018, 0.083, 0.084, 0.103, and 0.142 μM. As selamariscina A showed the strongest effects, we then evaluated it against six UGT isoforms, where it showed weaker inhibition (UGTs1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, and 2B7, IC50 1.7 μM). Returning to the P450 activities, selamariscina A inhibited CYP2C9-mediated diclofenac hydroxylation and tolbutamide hydroxylation with respective Ki values of 0.032 and 0.065 μM in a competitive and noncompetitive manner. However, it only weakly inhibited CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A with respective Ki values of 3.1, 7.9, and 4.5 μM. We conclude that selamariscina A has selective and strong inhibitory effects on the CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 isoforms. This information might be useful in predicting herb-drug interaction potential between biflavonoids and co-administered drugs mainly metabolized by CYP2C8 and CYP2C9. In addition, selamariscina A might be used as a strong CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 inhibitor in P450 reaction-phenotyping studies to identify drug-metabolizing enzymes responsible for the metabolism of new chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Park
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (G.-H.L.)
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.K.); (N.M.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Phi-Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Gahyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.K.); (N.M.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Su-Nyeong Jang
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (G.-H.L.)
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.K.); (N.M.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (G.-H.L.)
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.K.); (N.M.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Nguyen Minh Phuc
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.K.); (N.M.P.); (Z.W.)
- Vietnam Hightech of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical JSC, Group 11 Quang Minh town, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Zhexue Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.K.); (N.M.P.); (Z.W.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (G.-H.L.)
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (G.K.); (N.M.P.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-8567; Fax: +82-53-950-8557
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Kim MJ, Lee MY, Shon JC, Kwon YS, Liu KH, Lee CH, Ku KM. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses of blackberries – Understanding postharvest red drupelet disorder. Food Chem 2019; 300:125169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Lee H, Heo JK, Lee GH, Park SY, Jang SN, Kim HJ, Kwon MJ, Song IS, Liu KH. Ginsenoside Rc Is a New Selective UGT1A9 Inhibitor in Human Liver Microsomes and Recombinant Human UGT Isoforms. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1372-1379. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Ye S, Jeong D, Shon JC, Liu KH, Kim KH, Shin M, Kim SR. Deletion of PHO13 improves aerobic L-arabinose fermentation in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1725-1731. [PMID: 31501960 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pentose sugars are increasingly being used in industrial applications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although L-arabinose is a highlighted pentose that has been identified as next-generation biomass, arabinose fermentation has not yet undergone extensive development for industrial utilization. In this study, we integrated a heterologous fungal arabinose pathway with a deletion of PHO13 phosphatase gene. PHO13 deletion increased arabinose consumption rate and specific ethanol productivity under aerobic conditions and consequently depleted sedoheptulose by activation of the TAL1 gene. Global metabolite profiling indicated upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway and downstream effects such as trehalose accumulation and downregulation of the TCA cycle. Our results suggest that engineering of PHO13 has ample potential for arabinose conversion to ethanol as an industrial source for biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Ye
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokyeol Jeong
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhye Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Choi HK, Kim HJ, Liu KH, Park CS. Phytosphingosine Increases Biosynthesis of Phytoceramide by Uniquely Stimulating the Expression of Dihydroceramide C4-desaturase (DES2) in Cultured Human Keratinocytes. Lipids 2019; 53:909-918. [PMID: 30460697 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide NP is known to be the most abundant class of 12 ceramide (CER) families that form a permeability barrier in the human skin barrier. However, not many studies have been reported on the regulation of the biosynthesis of ceramide NP. Recently, it has been reported that phytosphingosine (PHS) treatment in the cultured keratinocytes (KC) notably increased the content of ceramide NP. However, the mechanism behind the PHS-induced enhancement of ceramide NP has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of PHS on the expression of several essential genes for the biosynthesis of CER. Also, we determined the molecular mechanism behind the unique enhancement of ceramide NP upon treatment of PHS in the cultured KC. The expressions of all of the three genes (SPT, ceramide synthase 3 [CERS3], and ELOVL4) and their respective proteins were markedly increased in PHS-treated KC. In addition, the expression of the dihydroceramide C4-desaturase (DES2) responsible for conversion of dihydroceramide into ceramide NP was uniquely enhanced only by PHS treatment. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that more than 20-fold increase of ceramide NP by PHS was observed while no significant enhancement of ceramide NS and NDS was observed. This study demonstrates that PHS plays a fundamental role in strengthening the epidermal permeability barrier by stimulating the overall processes of biosynthesis of all classes of CER in epidermis. The dramatic increase of ceramide NP upon PHS treatment seemed to be the outcome of transformation of dihydroceramide and/or ceramide NS by C4-hydroxylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 3-26, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seo Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 3-26, Pil-dong, Chung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
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Ryu R, Kwon EY, Choi JY, Shon JC, Liu KH, Choi MS. Chrysanthemum Leaf Ethanol Extract Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Disease in Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Lipid Mobilization in White Adipose Tissue. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061347. [PMID: 31208033 PMCID: PMC6628043 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. against obesity and diabetes, by comparing the transcriptional changes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) with those of the bioactive compound in C. morifolium, luteolin (LU). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 1.5% w/w chrysanthemum leaf ethanol extract (CLE) for 16 weeks. Supplementation with CLE and LU significantly decreased the body weight gain and eWAT weight by stimulating mRNA expressions for thermogenesis and energy expenditure in eWAT via lipid mobilization, which may be linked to the attenuation of dyslipidemia. Furthermore, CLE and LU increased uncoupling protein-1 protein expression in brown adipose tissue, leading to energy expenditure. Of note, CLE and LU supplements enhanced the balance between lipid storage and mobilization in white adipose tissue (WAT), in turn, inhibiting adipocyte inflammation and lipotoxicity of peripheral tissues. Moreover, CLE and LU attenuated hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic lipogenesis, thereby ameliorating insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Our data suggest that CLE helps inhibit obesity and its comorbidities via the complex interplay between liver and WAT in diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Ryu
- Research Institute of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- Enviromental Chemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52384, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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30
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Averilla JN, Oh J, Wu Z, Liu KH, Jang CH, Kim HJ, Kim JS, Kim JS. Improved extraction of resveratrol and antioxidants from grape peel using heat and enzymatic treatments. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4043-4053. [PMID: 30737796 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol, an extensively recognized phytochemical that belongs to the stilbene family, is abundant in grape peel which is discarded as a by-product during grape juice processing. RESULTS In this study, we established that pre-heating grape peel above 75 °C significantly improved the extractability of resveratrol and its glucoside piceid. In particular, thermal heating of grape peel at 95 °C for 10 min, followed by treatment with a mixture of exo-1,3-β-glucanase and pectinases at 50 °C for 60 min, dramatically increased the conversion of piceid into resveratrol and the overall extractability of this phytochemical by 50%. Furthermore, thermal pre-treatment promoted a substantial increase in the total phenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin concentrations in the grape peel extract. Ultimately, resveratrol-enriched grape peel extract significantly augmented the antioxidant response in vitro, possibly by attenuating the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The method developed in this study for preparing grape peel extract introduces a potential low-cost green processing for the industrial fortification of food products with resveratrol and other health-beneficial antioxidants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice N Averilla
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Kim
- Dr. Kim's Health Food Corp., Yeongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Shin S, Son Y, Liu KH, Kang W, Oh S. Cytotoxic activity of broussochalcone a against colon and liver cancer cells by promoting destruction complex-independent β-catenin degradation. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110550. [PMID: 31163223 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of β-catenin-response transcription (CRT) is a well-recognized characteristic of colorectal and liver cancers and thus a potential therapeutic target for these malignancies. Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) has been used as a herbal medicine to treat various diseases. Using a sensitive cell-based screening system, we identified broussochalcone A (BCA), a prenylated chalcone isolated from Broussonetia papyrifera, as an antagonist of CRT. BCA accelerated the turnover of intracellular β-catenin that was accompanied by its N-terminal phosphorylation at Ser33/37/Thr41 residues, marking it for ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β could not abrogate BCA-mediated degradation of β-catenin. BCA decreased the intracellular β-catenin levels in colon and liver cancer cells with mutations in β-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and Axin. BCA repressed the expressions of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and Axin2, which are β-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent genes, and thus decreased the viability of colon and liver cancer cell. Moreover, apoptosis was elicited by BCA, as indicated by the increase in the population of Annexin V-FITC positive cells and caspase-3/7 activities in colon and liver cancer cells. These findings indicate that BCA exerts its cytotoxic effects by promoting phosphorylation/ubiquitin-dependent degradation of β-catenin and may potentially serve as a chemopreventive agent for colonrectal and liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Shin
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Son
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang Univsersity, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HJ, Lee H, Ji HK, Lee T, Liu KH. Screening of ten cytochrome P450 enzyme activities with 12 probe substrates in human liver microsomes using cocktail incubation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:101-111. [PMID: 30730576 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Testing for potential drug interactions of new chemical entities is essential when developing a novel drug. In this study, an assay was designed to evaluate drug interactions with 10 major human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes incubated in liver microsomes, involving 12 probe substrates with two cocktail incubation sets used in a single liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) run. The P450 substrate composition in each cocktail set was optimized to minimize solvent effects and mutual drug interactions among substrates as follows: cocktail A was composed of phenacetin for CYP1A2, bupropion for CYP2B6, amodiaquine for CYP2C8, diclofenac for CYP2C9, S-mephenytoin for CYP2C19, and dextromethorphan for CYP2D6; cocktail B was composed of coumarin for CYP2A6, chlorzoxazone for CYP2E1, astemizole for CYP2J2, and midazolam, nifedipine, and testosterone for CYP3A. Multiple probe substrates were used for CYP3A owing to the multiple substrate-binding sites and substrate-dependent inhibition. After incubation in human liver microsomes, each incubation mixture was pooled and all probe metabolites were simultaneously analysed in a single LC-MS/MS run. Polarity switching was used to acquire the negative-ion mode for hydroxychlorzoxazone and positive-ion mode for the remaining analytes. The method was validated by comparing the inhibition data obtained from incubation of each individual probe substrate alone and with the substrate cocktails. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values obtained from the cocktail and individual incubations were well correlated and in agreement with previously reported values. This new method will be useful in assessing the drug interaction potential of new chemical entities during new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyeong Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
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Lee D, Pagire HS, Pagire SH, Bae EJ, Dighe M, Kim M, Lee KM, Jang YK, Jaladi AK, Jung KY, Yoo EK, Gim HE, Lee S, Choi WI, Chi YI, Song JS, Bae MA, Jeon YH, Lee GH, Liu KH, Lee T, Park S, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Ahn JH. Correction to Discovery of Novel Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibitors for Potential Oral Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Im SS, Park HY, Shon JC, Chung IS, Cho HC, Liu KH, Song DK. Plasma sphingomyelins increase in pre-diabetic Korean men with abdominal obesity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213285. [PMID: 30835753 PMCID: PMC6400388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal or visceral obesity is a well-known risk factor for metabolic diseases. However, whether abdominal obesity significantly affects plasma lipid profile during the development of type 2 diabetes has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the differences in plasma lipid concentrations in 63 participants categorized into six groups (middle-aged Korean men); Normal, Pre-diabetes (pre-DM), and Diabetes mellitus (DM) with or without abdominal obesity (AO or lean). The lipidomic profiles were determined by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sphingomyelin (SM) levels in plasma were significantly higher in the pre-DM with AO than in pre-DM with lean (p = 0.021). SM concentrations correlated positively with waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.256, p = 0.044), cholesteryl ester (CE) (r = 0.483, p < 0.0001), ceramide (r = 0.489, p < 0.0001) and plasmanyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) (r = 0.446, p < 0.0001). The present study found that pre-diabetic patients with AO were characterized by increased plasma concentrations of SM. Plasma SM levels in individuals with AO may be an early prognostic biomarker to better predict the progression toward type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Physiology and Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyeon Young Park
- Department of Physiology and Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Sung Chung
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ho Chan Cho
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail: (KHL); (DKS)
| | - Dae-Kyu Song
- Department of Physiology and Obesity-mediated Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail: (KHL); (DKS)
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Lee D, Pagire HS, Pagire SH, Bae EJ, Dighe M, Kim M, Lee KM, Jang YK, Jaladi AK, Jung KY, Yoo EK, Gim HE, Lee S, Choi WI, Chi YI, Song JS, Bae MA, Jeon YH, Lee GH, Liu KH, Lee T, Park S, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Ahn JH. Discovery of Novel Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibitors for Potential Oral Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:575-588. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haushabhau S. Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvarna H. Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Dighe
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Myung Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Kumar Jaladi
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eon Gim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmi Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Chi
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Yang H, Suh DH, Kim DH, Jung ES, Liu KH, Lee CH, Park CY. Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of the effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis in a rat model of obese Type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3610-3625. [PMID: 29968381 PMCID: PMC6086983 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thiazolidinediones, acting as PPAR-γ ligands, reduce hepatic steatosis in humans and animals. However, the underlying mechanism of this action remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in hepatic metabolites and lipids in response to treatment with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone in an animal model of obese Type 2 diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were orally administered either vehicle (control) or pioglitazone (30 mg·kg-1 ) and fed a high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 12 weeks. Hepatic metabolites were analysed via metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Gene expression and PLA2 activity were analysed in livers from pioglitazone-treated and control rats. KEY RESULTS OLETF rats that received pioglitazone showed decreased fat accumulation and improvement of lipid profiles in the liver compared to control rats. Pioglitazone treatment significantly altered levels of hepatic metabolites, including free fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylcholines, in the liver. In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake and transport, whereas genes related to fatty acid oxidation were up-regulated. Gene expression and enzyme activity of PLA2 , which hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholines to release lysophosphatidylcholines and free fatty acids, were significantly decreased in the livers of pioglitazone-treated rats compared to control rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results present evidence for the ameliorative effect of pioglitazone on hepatic steatosis, largely due to the regulation of lipid metabolism, including fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines and related gene-expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyekyung Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Suh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hee Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Heo JK, Kim HJ, Lee GH, Ohk B, Lee S, Song KS, Song IS, Liu KH, Yoon YR. Simultaneous Determination of Five Cytochrome P450 Probe Substrates and Their Metabolites and Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide Probe Substrate in Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030079. [PMID: 30004443 PMCID: PMC6160928 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and cytochrome P450 (P450) probe substrates and their phase I metabolites in human plasma was developed. The OATP1B1 (pitavastatin) and five P450 probe substrates, caffeine (CYP1A2), losartan (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), and midazolam (CYP3A) and their metabolites were extracted from human plasma (50 µL) using methanol. Analytes were separated on a C18 column followed by selected reaction monitoring detection using MS/MS. All analytes were separated simultaneously within a 9 min run time. The developed method was fully validated over the expected clinical concentration range for all analytes tested. The intra- and inter-day precisions for all analytes were lower than 11.3% and 8.82%, respectively, and accuracy was 88.5–117.3% and 96.1–109.2%, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.05 ng/mL for dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, midazolam, and 1′-hydroxymidazolam; 0.5 ng/mL for losartan, EXP-3174, omeprazole, 5′-hydroxyomeprazole, and pitavastatin; and 5 ng/mL for caffeine and paraxanthine. The method was successfully used in a pharmacokinetic study in healthy subjects after oral doses of five P450 and OATP1B1 probes. This analytical method provides a simple, sensitive, and accurate tool for the determination of OATP1B1 and five major P450 activities in vivo drug interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyung Heo
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Boram Ohk
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sik Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Im Sook Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.
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Ramanan R, Tran QG, Cho DH, Jung JE, Kim BH, Shin SY, Choi SH, Liu KH, Kim DS, Lee SJ, Crespo JL, Lee HG, Oh HM, Kim HS. The Ancient Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling System Is a Master Regulator of Energy and Carbon Metabolism in Algae. Plant Physiol 2018; 177:1050-1065. [PMID: 29769325 PMCID: PMC6053016 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Algae undergo a complete metabolic transformation under stress by arresting cell growth, inducing autophagy and hyper-accumulating biofuel precursors such as triacylglycerols and starch. However, the regulatory mechanisms behind this stress-induced transformation are still unclear. Here, we use biochemical, mutational, and "omics" approaches to demonstrate that PI3K signaling mediates the homeostasis of energy molecules and influences carbon metabolism in algae. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the inhibition and knockdown (KD) of algal class III PI3K led to significantly decreased cell growth, altered cell morphology, and higher lipid and starch contents. Lipid profiling of wild-type and PI3K KD lines showed significantly reduced membrane lipid breakdown under nitrogen starvation (-N) in the KD. RNA-seq and network analyses showed that under -N conditions, the KD line carried out lipogenesis rather than lipid hydrolysis by initiating de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, which was supported by tricarboxylic acid cycle down-regulation and via acetyl-CoA synthesis from glycolysis. Remarkably, autophagic responses did not have primacy over inositide signaling in algae, unlike in mammals and vascular plants. The mutant displayed a fundamental shift in intracellular energy flux, analogous to that in tumor cells. The high free fatty acid levels and reduced mitochondrial ATP generation led to decreased cell viability. These results indicate that the PI3K signal transduction pathway is the metabolic gatekeeper restraining biofuel yields, thus maintaining fitness and viability under stress in algae. This study demonstrates the existence of homeostasis between starch and lipid synthesis controlled by lipid signaling in algae and expands our understanding of such processes, with biotechnological and evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishiram Ramanan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Science Systems, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh-Giao Tran
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Jung
- Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyuk Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Shin
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Hae Choi
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Soo Kim
- Genome Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - José L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Hee-Gu Lee
- Biomedical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Park JE, Jeong GH, Lee IK, Yoon YR, Liu KH, Gu N, Shin KH. A Pharmacometabolomic Approach to Predict Response to Metformin in Early-Phase Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071579. [PMID: 29966242 PMCID: PMC6100517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on its universal use, the consideration of inter-individual variability and development of predictive biomarkers are clinically significant. We aimed to identify endogenous markers of metformin responses using a pharmacometabolomic approach. Twenty-nine patients with early-phase T2DM were enrolled and orally administered metformin daily for 6 months. A total of 22 subjects were included in the final analysis. Patients were defined as responders or non-responders based on changes in their glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline, over 3 months. Urine metabolites at baseline, as well as at the 3 and 6 month follow-ups after the start of treatment were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and evaluated with multivariate analyses. Metabolites distinguishable between the two response groups were obtained at baseline, as well as at the 3 and 6 month follow-ups, and significantly different metabolites were listed as markers of metformin response. Among the identified metabolites, citric acid, myoinositol, and hippuric acid levels showed particularly significant differences between the non-responder and responder groups. We thus identified different metabolite profiles in the two groups of T2DM patients after metformin administration, using pharmacometabolomics. These results might facilitate a better understanding and prediction of metformin response and its variability in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Gui-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon 51394, Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Cell and Matrix Research Institute and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Namyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine and Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Lee E, Kim JH, Shon JC, Wu Z, Kim HJ, Gim M, Lee T, Liu KH. Terfenadone is a strong inhibitor of CYP2J2 present in the human liver and intestinal microsomes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:159-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Heo JY, Kim JE, Dan Y, Kim YW, Kim JY, Cho KH, Bae YK, Im SS, Liu KH, Song IH, Kim JR, Lee IK, Park SY. Clusterin deficiency induces lipid accumulation and tissue damage in kidney. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:175-191. [PMID: 29563234 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin is a secretory glycoprotein that is involved in multiple physiopathological processes, including lipid metabolism. Previous studies have shown that clusterin prevents hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1. In this study, we examined the role of clusterin in renal lipid accumulation in clusterin-knockout mice and NRK52e tubular epithelial cells. Clusterin deficiency increased the expression of SREBP1 and its target genes and decreased malonyl-CoA decarboxylase protein levels in the kidney. Expression of the endocytic receptor, megalin, and scavenger receptor class A was increased in clusterin-deficient mice. Functional analysis of lipid metabolism also revealed that lipid uptake and triglyceride synthesis were increased and fatty acid oxidation was reduced, leading to increased lipid accumulation in clusterin-deficient mice. These phenomena were accompanied by mesangial expansion, fibrosis and increased urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. High-fat feeding aggravated these clusterin deficiency-induced pathological changes. Clusterin knockdown in NRK52e cells increased lipogenic gene expression and lipid levels, whereas overexpression of clusterin by treatment with adenovirus or recombinant clusterin protein suppressed lipogenic gene expression and lipid levels. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFB1) expression increased in the kidney of clusterin-deficient mice and suppression of TGFB1 in NRK52e cells suppressed lipid accumulation. These results suggest that clusterin deficiency induces renal lipid accumulation by dysregulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related factors and TGFB1, thereby leading to chronic kidney disease. Hence, clusterin may serve as a therapeutic target for lipid-induced chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Heo
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongwook Dan
- Weinberg CollegeNorthwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyang Cho
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of PathologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of PhysiologyKeimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of AnatomyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Park SH, Lee J, Shon JC, Phuc NM, Jee JG, Liu KH. The inhibitory potential of Broussochalcone A for the human cytochrome P450 2J2 isoform and its anti-cancer effects via FOXO3 activation. Phytomedicine 2018; 42:199-206. [PMID: 29655687 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Ventenat, a traditional medicinal herb, has been applied as a folk medicine to treat various diseases. Broussochalcone A (BCA), a chalcone compound isolated from the cortex of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Ventenat, exhibits several biological activities including potent anti-oxidant, antiplatelet, and cytotoxic effects. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to elucidate the inhibitory effect of BCA against CYP2J2 enzyme which is predominantly expressed in human tumor tissues and carcinoma cell lines. STUDY DESIGN The inhibitory effect of BCA on the activities of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism were investigated using human liver microsomes (HLMs), and its anti-cancer effect against human hepatoma HepG2 cells was also evaluated. METHODS Two representative CYP2J2-specific probe substrates, astemizole and ebastine, were incubated in HLMs with BCA. After incubation, the samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To investigate the binding model between BCA and CYP2J2, we carried out structure-based docking simulations by using software and scripts written in-house. RESULTS BCA inhibited CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylation and ebastine hydroxylase activities in a concentration dependent manner with Ki values of 2.3 and 3.7 µM, respectively. It also showed cytotoxic effects against human hepatoma HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with activation of apoptosis related proteins. CONCLUSION Overall, this was the first report of the inhibitory effects of BCA on CYP2J2 in HLMs. The present data suggest that BCA is a potential candidate for further evaluation for its CYP2J2 targeting anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Minh Phuc
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Saokim Pharmaceutical Company, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jun Goo Jee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JH, Yoon NY, Kim DH, Jung M, Jun M, Park HY, Chung CH, Lee K, Kim S, Park CS, Liu KH, Choi EH. Impaired permeability and antimicrobial barriers in type 2 diabetes skin are linked to increased serum levels of advanced glycation end-product. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:815-823. [PMID: 29151267 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing rapidly, and the disease has become a serious sociomedical problem. Many skin problems, such as xerosis, pruritus, skin infections and delayed wound healing, that might be related to chronic impairment of skin barrier function decrease the quality of life in patients with DM. However, the status of the permeability and antimicrobial barrier of the skin in DM remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate skin barrier impairment in patients with type 2 DM and its pathomechanisms using classic animal models of type 2 DM. Functional studies of the skin barrier and an analysis of stratum corneum (SC) lipids were compared between patients with type 2 DM and age- and sex-matched non-diabetes controls. Also, functional studies on the skin barrier, epidermal lipid analyses, and electron microscopy and biomolecular studies were performed using type 2 DM animal models, db/db and ob/ob mice. Patients with type 2 DM presented with epidermal barrier impairments, including SC hydration, which was influenced by blood glucose control (HbA1c level). In the lipid analysis of SC, ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly decreased in patients with type 2 DM compared with controls. Type 2 DM murine models presented with severe hyperglycaemia, impairment of skin barrier homeostasis, decreases in epidermal proliferation and epidermal lipid synthesis, decreases in lamellar body (LB) and epidermal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an increase in receptors for advanced glycation end-product (AGE) in the epidermis and an increase in serum AGE. Impairment of the skin barrier was observed in type 2 DM, which results in part from a decrease in epidermal proliferation. Serum AGE and its epidermal receptors were increased in type 2 diabetic mice which display impaired skin barrier parameters such as epidermal lipid synthesis, LB production, epidermal AMP and SC lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Na Young Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dong Hye Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Myungsoo Jun
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyohoon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunki Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Jung B, Park J, Kim N, Li T, Kim S, Bartley LE, Kim J, Kim I, Kang Y, Yun K, Choi Y, Lee HH, Ji S, Lee KS, Kim BY, Shon JC, Kim WC, Liu KH, Yoon D, Kim S, Seo YS, Lee J. Cooperative interactions between seed-borne bacterial and air-borne fungal pathogens on rice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:31. [PMID: 29295978 PMCID: PMC5750236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial-fungal interactions are widely found in distinct environments and contribute to ecosystem processes. Previous studies of these interactions have mostly been performed in soil, and only limited studies of aerial plant tissues have been conducted. Here we show that a seed-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, Burkholderia glumae (Bg), and an air-borne plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum (Fg), interact to promote bacterial survival, bacterial and fungal dispersal, and disease progression on rice plants, despite the production of antifungal toxoflavin by Bg. We perform assays of toxoflavin sensitivity, RNA-seq analyses, lipid staining and measures of triacylglyceride content to show that triacylglycerides containing linolenic acid mediate resistance to reactive oxygen species that are generated in response to toxoflavin in Fg. As a result, Bg is able to physically attach to Fg to achieve rapid and expansive dispersal to enhance disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boknam Jung
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea
| | - Taiying Li
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Laura E Bartley
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jinnyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kang
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Kihoon Yun
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Younghae Choi
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea
| | - Sungyeon Ji
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Won Cheol Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea
| | - Suhkman Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46269, Korea.
| | - Jungkwan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Korea.
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Park SY, Oh YJ, Lho Y, Jeong JH, Liu KH, Song J, Kim SH, Ha E, Seo YH. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of resorcinol-based N-benzyl benzamide derivatives as potent Hsp90 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:390-401. [PMID: 29202402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of many oncogenic proteins. Therefore, Hsp90 has emerged as an attractive target in the field of cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of Hsp90 inhibitors. In particular, compound 30f shows a significant Hsp90α inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 5.3 nM and an excellent growth inhibition with GI50 value of 0.42 μM against non-small cell lung cancer cells, H1975. Compound 30f effectively reduces the expression levels of Hsp90 client proteins including Her2, EGFR, Met, Akt, and c-Raf. Consequently, compound 30f promotes substantial cleavages of PARP, Caspase 3, and Caspase 8, indicating that 30f induces cancer cell death via apoptotic pathway. Moreover, cytochrome P450 assay indicates that compound 30f has weak inhibitory effect on the activities of five major P450 isoforms (IC50 > 5 μM for 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A), suggesting that clinical interactions between 30f and the substrate drugs of the five major P450 isoforms are not expected. Compound 30f also inhibits the tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model bearing subcutaneous H1975 without noticeable abnormal behavior and body weight changes. The immunostaining and western immunoblot analysis of EGFR, Met, Akt in xenograft tissue sections of tumor further demonstrate a good agreement with the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun You Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Yong Jin Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Yunmee Lho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Ju Hui Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Song
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Soong-Hyun Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, South Korea.
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Jung ES, Park HM, Hyun SM, Shon JC, Singh D, Liu KH, Whon TW, Bae JW, Hwang JS, Lee CH. The green tea modulates large intestinal microbiome and exo/endogenous metabolome altered through chronic UVB-exposure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187154. [PMID: 29117187 PMCID: PMC5695601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The attenuating effects of green tea supplements (GTS) against the ultraviolet (UV) radiation induced skin damages are distinguished. However, the concomitant effects of GTS on the large intestinal microbiomes and associated metabolomes are largely unclear. Herein, we performed an integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis to uncover the esoteric links between gut microbiome and exo/endogenous metabolome maneuvered in the large intestine of UVB-exposed mice subjected to dietary GTS. In UVB-exposed mice groups (UVB), class Bacilli and order Bifidobacteriales were observed as discriminant taxa with decreased lysophospholipid levels compared to the unexposed mice groups subjected to normal diet (NOR). Conversely, in GTS fed UVB-exposed mice (U+GTS), the gut-microbiome diversity was greatly enhanced with enrichment in the classes, Clostridia and Erysipelotrichia, as well as genera, Allobaculum and Lachnoclostridium. Additionally, the gut endogenous metabolomes changed with an increase in amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, and bile acids contents coupled with a decrease in nucleobases and carbohydrate levels. The altered metabolomes exhibited high correlations with GTS enriched intestinal microflora. Intriguingly, the various conjugates of green tea catechins viz., sulfated, glucuronided, and methylated ones including their exogenous derivatives were detected from large intestinal contents and liver samples. Hence, we conjecture that the metabolic conversions for the molecular components in GTS strongly influenced the gut micro-environment in UVB-exposed mice groups, ergo modulate their gut-microbiome as well as exo/endogenous metabolomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Hyun
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woong Whon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSH); (CHL)
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSH); (CHL)
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Shon JC, Phuc NM, Kim WC, Heo JK, Wu Z, Lee H, Liu KH. Acetylshikonin is a novel non-selective cytochrome P450 inhibitor. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:553-556. [PMID: 28866862 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetylshikonin is a biologically active compound with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity, which is isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizoma. An inhibitory effect of acetylshikonin against CYP2J2 activity was discovered recently. Based on this result, this study was expanded to evaluate the inhibitory effects of acetylshikonin against nine different cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms in human liver microsomes (HLMs) using substrate cocktails incubation assay. Acetylshikonin showed a strong inhibitory effect against all P450s tested with IC50 values of 1.4-4.0 μ m. Pre-incubation of acetylshikonin with HLMs and NADPH did not alter the inhibition potency, indicating that acetylshikonin is not a mechanism-based inhibitor. SKF-525A, a widely used non-specific P450 inhibitor, had no inhibitory activity against CYP1A2, 2A6, 2E1 and 2J2, while it showed an inhibitory effect against CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and 2D6 with IC50 values of 2.5, 3.6 and 0.5 μ m, respectively. Our findings indicate that acetylshikonin may be a novel general P450 inhibitor, which could replace SKF-525A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | | | - Won Cheol Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Heo
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Zhexue Wu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
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48
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Phuc NM, Wu Z, O Y, Lee JH, Oh S, Song GY, Liu KH. LKY-047: First Selective Inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 2J2. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:765-769. [PMID: 28461575 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly selective cytochrome P450 CYP2J2 (CYP2J2) inhibitors suitable for reaction phenotyping are currently not available. (7S)-(+)-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-acrylic acid, 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-6,7-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-7-yl-ester (LKY-047), a decursin derivative, was synthesized, and its inhibitor potencies toward CYP2J2 as well as other cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in human liver microsomes (HLM) were evaluated. LKY-047 was demonstrated to be a strong competitive inhibitor of CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylase and terfenadine hydroxylase activity, with Ki values of 0.96 and 2.61 μM, respectively. It also acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor of CYP2J2-mediated ebastine hydroxylation with a Ki value of 3.61 μM. Preincubation of LKY-047 with HLMs and NADPH did not alter inhibition potency, indicating that it is not a mechanism-based inhibitor. LKY-047 was found to be a selective CYP2J2 inhibitor with no inhibitory effect on other human P450s, such as CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A (IC50 > 50 μM). These in vitro data support the use of LKY-047 as a selective CYP2J2 inhibitor with potential application in the identification of P450 isoforms responsible for drug metabolism in reaction phenotyping assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Phuc
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Zhexue Wu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Yuseok O
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Jee-Hyun Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Gyu-Yong Song
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
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Lee E, Shon JC, Liu KH. Simultaneous evaluation of substrate-dependent CYP3A inhibition using a CYP3A probe substrates cocktail. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 37:366-72. [PMID: 27323294 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A (CYP3A) is an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of therapeutic drugs such as midazolam, nifedipine, testosterone and triazolam. It is involved in 40% of all cases of P450-mediated metabolism of marketed drugs. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the CYP3A-mediated drug interaction potential of new chemical entities (NCEs). In the past, one P450 isoform-specific probe substrate has been used at a time to evaluate the degree of inhibition of P450 isoforms by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, CYP3A enzymes have been shown to have a multi-substrate binding site. Therefore, multiple CYP3A substrates should be used to evaluate precisely the drug interaction potential of NCEs with the enzyme CYP3A. In this study, a method of screening NCEs for their potential to inhibit by CYP3A enzyme activity was developed. It involves the employment of a CYP3A substrate cocktail (including midazolam, testosterone and nifedipine). The concentration of each CYP3A probe substrate in vitro was optimized (0.1 μm for midazolam, 2 μm for testosterone and 2 μm for nifedipine) to minimize mutual drug interactions among probe substrates. The method was validated by comparing inhibition data obtained from the incubation of CYP3A with each individual substrate with data from incubation with a cocktail of all three substrates. The CYP3A inhibition profiles from the substrate cocktail approach were similar to those from the individual substrates approach. This new method could be an effective tool for the robust and accurate screening of the CYP3A inhibition potential of NCEs in drug discovery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
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Park HM, Park KT, Park EC, Kim SI, Choi MS, Liu KH, Lee CH. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analyses of the Effects of Dietary Platycodon grandiflorum on Liver and Serum of Obese Mice under a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010071. [PMID: 28106735 PMCID: PMC5295115 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify metabolites involved in the anti-obesity effects of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice using mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic techniques. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND)-fed mice, HFD-fed mice, HFD with 1% PG extract-fed mice (HPGL), and HFD with 5% PG extract-fed mice (HPGH). After 8 weeks, the HFD group gained more weight than the ND group, while dietary 5% PG extract attenuated this change. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots showed a clear distinction between experimental groups in serum and liver markers. We also identified 10 and 32 metabolites in the serum and liver, respectively, as potential biomarkers that could explain the effect of high-dose PG added to HFD-fed mice, which were strongly involved in amino acid metabolism (glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, glutamate, phenylalanine, ornithine, lysine, and tyrosine), TCA cycle (fumarate and succinate), lipid metabolism (linoleic and oleic acid methyl esters, oleamide, and cholesterol), purine/pyrimidine metabolism (uracil and hypoxanthine), carbohydrate metabolism (maltose), and glycerophospholipid metabolism (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines). We suggest that further studies on these metabolites could help us gain a better understanding of both HFD-induced obesity and the effects of PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kab-Tae Park
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Edmond Changkyun Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Seung Ii Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Myung Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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