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Heiss DR, Amoah E, Badu-Tawiah AK. Two-dimensional isomer differentiation using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with in-source, droplet-based derivatization. Analyst 2023; 148:5270-5278. [PMID: 37740330 PMCID: PMC10696534 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Saccharides are increasingly used as biomarkers and for therapeutic purposes. Their characterization is challenging due to their low ionization efficiencies and inherent structural heterogeneity. Here, we illustrate how the coupling of online droplet-based reaction, in a form of contained electrospray (ES) ion source, with liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allows the comprehensive characterization of sucrose isomers. We used the reaction between phenylboronic acid and cis-diols for on-the-fly derivatization of saccharides eluting from the LC column followed by in situ MS/MS analysis, which afforded diagnostic fragment ions that enabled differentiation of species indistinguishable by chromatography or mass spectrometry alone. For example, chromatograms differing only by 2% in retention times were flagged to be different based on incompatible MS/MS fragmentation patterns. This orthogonal LC-contained-ES-MS/MS method was applied to confirm the presence of turanose, palatinose, maltulose, and maltose, which are structural isomers of sucrose, in three different honey samples. The reported workflow does not require modification to existing mass spectrometers, and the contained-ES platform itself acts both as the ion source and the reactor, all promising widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derik R Heiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
- Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Enoch Amoah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Abraham K Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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2
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Investigations into the In Vitro Metabolism of hGH and IGF-I Employing Stable-Isotope-Labelled Drugs and Monitoring Diagnostic Immonium Ions by High-Resolution/High-Accuracy Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020146. [PMID: 35208220 PMCID: PMC8877552 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the metabolism of prohibited substances is an essential element in anti-doping research in order to facilitate and improve detectability. Whilst pharmacokinetic studies on healthy volunteers are valuable, they are often difficult, not least due to safety reasons and ethical constraints, especially concerning peptidic substances, which must be administered parenterally. Hence, there is a growing need for suitable in vitro models and sophisticated analytical strategies to investigate the metabolism of protein- and peptide-derived drugs. These include human growth hormone (hGH) and its main mediator insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), both prohibited in professional sports for their anabolic and lipolytic effects, while challenging in their detection, as they occur naturally in the human body.Within this study, the in vitro metabolism of hGH and IGF-I was investigated using a stable-isotope-labelled reporter ion screening strategy (IRIS). A combination of liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and characteristic immonium ions generated by internal dissociation of the stable-isotope-labelled peptidic metabolites enabled the detection of specific fragments. Several degradation products for hGH and IGF-I were identified within this study. These metabolites, potentially even indicative for subcutaneous administration of the drugs, could serve as promising targets for the detection of hGH and IGF-I misuse in future anti-doping applications.
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3
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Highly sensitive amperometric biosensor based on alcohol dehydrogenase for determination of glycerol in human urine. Talanta 2019; 200:333-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Fast LC-MS quantitation of glucose and glycerol via enzymatic derivatization. Anal Biochem 2019; 575:40-43. [PMID: 30940446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucose and glycerol are important circulating metabolites. Due to poor ionization and/or ion suppression, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection of glucose and glycerol presents challenges. Here, we propose an efficient LC-MS method of quantitative glucose and glycerol detection via enzymatic derivatization to glucose-6-phosphate and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, respectively. This derivatization protocol can be used to measure the concentrations of glucose production in a plethora of sample types for metabolic analysis and is compatible with the general metabolomics workflow. This novel approach allows us to quantitatively study glucose and glycerol metabolism using stable isotope tracers in vivo.
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Human axillary skin condition is improved following incorporation of glycerol into the stratum corneum from an antiperspirant formulation. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:739-748. [PMID: 28889318 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The study objectives were to demonstrate that glycerol, when topically applied from a roll-on antiperspirant formulation, can be delivered directly to human skin ex vivo and the axillary stratum corneum (SC) in vivo, and to assess whether it improves the quality of the axillary skin barrier. Ex vivo human skin absorption of glycerol was measured following application of a roll-on antiperspirant formulation containing 4% 13C3-glycerol. Skin distribution of 13C3-glycerol over 24 h was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In vivo axillary SC penetration was measured by confocal Raman spectroscopy and multivariate curve-resolution software 1 h after topical application of a roll-on antiperspirant formulation containing 8% deuterated glycerol (d5-glycerol). A clinical study was conducted to determine the efficacy of a roll-on antiperspirant formulation containing 4% glycerol in reducing shaving-induced visual irritation and in increasing axillary-skin hydration. Ex vivo skin absorption studies indicated that the formulation delivered 13C3-glycerol into the SC at all timepoints over the 24-h period. In vivo Raman measurements (1 h after application) demonstrated that d5-glycerol was detectable to a depth of at least 10 μm in the axillary SC. Application of 4% glycerol from a roll-on antiperspirant formulation to the axilla was associated with significantly less visible irritation and greater skin hydration than observed with the control (glycerol-free) product. These studies demonstrate that glycerol, incorporated in a roll-on antiperspirant formulation, is delivered directly and rapidly to all depths of the axillary SC, and results in improvements in visible irritation and hydration in the axilla.
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6
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Deventer K, Van Eenoo P. Screening and confirmation of a glycerol-positive case. Drug Test Anal 2016; 7:1009-13. [PMID: 26695488 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Deventer
- Doping Control Laboratory (DoCoLab), Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University (UGent), Technologiepark 30, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Doping Control Laboratory (DoCoLab), Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University (UGent), Technologiepark 30, B-9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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7
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A modified LC–MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify glycerol and mannitol concentrations in human urine for doping control purposes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:153-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Okano M, Nishitani Y, Dohi M, Kageyama S. Effects of intravenous infusion of glycerol on blood parameters and urinary glycerol concentrations. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 262:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Current status and recent advantages in derivatization procedures in human doping control. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2537-56. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatization is one of the most important steps during sample preparation in doping control analysis. Its main purpose is the enhancement of chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection of analytes in the full range of laboratory doping control activities. Its application is shown to broaden the detectable range of compounds, even in LC–MS analysis, where derivatization is not a prerequisite. The impact of derivatization initiates from the stage of the metabolic studies of doping agents up to the discovery of doping markers, by inclusion of the screening and confirmation procedures of prohibited substances in athlete's urine samples. Derivatization renders an unlimited number of opportunities to advanced analyte detection.
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Sardela VF, Scalco FB, Cavalcante KM, Simoni RE, Silva DR, Pereira HMG, de Oliveira MLLC, Aquino Neto FR. Systematic analysis of glycerol: colourimetric screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric confirmation. Drug Test Anal 2015; 7:967-70. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius F. Sardela
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fernanda B. Scalco
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Karina M. Cavalcante
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ruth E. Simoni
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Deyvison R. Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Henrique Marcelo G. Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia L. Costa de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Francisco R. Aquino Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Química, LBCD - LADETEC; Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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11
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"Dilute-and-inject" multi-target screening assay for highly polar doping agents using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry for sports drug testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5365-79. [PMID: 25925859 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the field of LC-MS, reversed phase liquid chromatography is the predominant method of choice for the separation of prohibited substances from various classes in sports drug testing. However, highly polar and charged compounds still represent a challenging task in liquid chromatography due to their difficult chromatographic behavior using reversed phase materials. A very promising approach for the separation of hydrophilic compounds is hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Despite its great potential and versatile advantages for the separation of highly polar compounds, HILIC is up to now not very common in doping analysis, although most manufacturers offer a variety of HILIC columns in their portfolio. In this study, a novel multi-target approach based on HILIC high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry is presented to screen for various polar stimulants, stimulant sulfo-conjugates, glycerol, AICAR, ethyl glucuronide, morphine-3-glucuronide, and myo-inositol trispyrophosphate after direct injection of diluted urine specimens. The usage of an effective online sample cleanup and a zwitterionic HILIC analytical column in combination with a new generation Hybrid Quadrupol-Orbitrap® mass spectrometer enabled the detection of highly polar analytes without any time-consuming hydrolysis or further purification steps, far below the required detection limits. The methodology was fully validated for qualitative and quantitative (AICAR, glycerol) purposes considering the parameters specificity; robustness (rRT < 2.0%); linearity (R > 0.99); intra- and inter-day precision at low, medium, and high concentration levels (CV < 20%); limit of detection (stimulants and stimulant sulfo-conjugates < 10 ng/mL; norfenefrine; octopamine < 30 ng/mL; AICAR < 10 ng/mL; glycerol 100 μg/mL; ETG < 100 ng/mL); accuracy (AICAR 103.8-105.5%, glycerol 85.1-98.3% at three concentration levels) and ion suppression/enhancement effects.
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12
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Okano M, Nishitani Y, Kageyama S. Possibility of analytical finding of glycerol caused by self-catheterization in doping control. Drug Test Anal 2014; 6:1151-4. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Okano
- Anti-Doping Laboratory; LSI Medience Corporation; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Shinji Kageyama
- Anti-Doping Laboratory; LSI Medience Corporation; Tokyo Japan
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13
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Dong Y, Ma Y, Yan K, Shen L, Wang X, Xu Y, He G, Wu Y, Lu J, Yang Z, Feng F. Quantitative analysis of glycerol levels in human urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 957:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Kelly BN, Madsen M, Sharpe K, Nair V, Eichner D. A population study of urine glycerol concentrations in elite athletes competing in North America. Drug Test Anal 2013; 5:890-5. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian N. Kelly
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Myke Madsen
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Ken Sharpe
- Statistical Consulting Centre; University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - Vinod Nair
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Daniel Eichner
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory; Salt Lake City UT USA
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15
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Shen Y, Xu Z. An improved GC–MS method in determining glycerol in different types of biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 930:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Kelly BN, Haverstick DM, Lee JK, Thorner MO, Vance ML, Xin W, Bruns DE. Circulating microRNA as a biomarker of human growth hormone administration to patients. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:234-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian N. Kelly
- University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville VA USA
| | | | - Jae K. Lee
- University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville VA USA
| | | | - Mary Lee Vance
- University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Wenjun Xin
- University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville VA USA
| | - David E. Bruns
- University of Virginia School of Medicine; Charlottesville VA USA
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Koehler K, Braun H, de Marees M, Geyer H, Thevis M, Mester J, Schaenzer W. Glycerol administration before endurance exercise: metabolism, urinary glycerol excretion and effects on doping-relevant blood parameters. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:202-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Koehler
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Hans Braun
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Markus de Marees
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Hans Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- Centre for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- Centre for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Joachim Mester
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schaenzer
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
- Centre for Preventive Doping Research; German Sport University; Cologne Germany
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18
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Effects of glycerol and creatine hyperhydration on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nutrients 2012; 4:1171-86. [PMID: 23112907 PMCID: PMC3475229 DOI: 10.3390/nu4091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol is prohibited as an ergogenic aid by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to the potential for its plasma expansion properties to have masking effects. However, the scientific basis of the inclusion of Gly as a “masking agent” remains inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a hyperhydrating supplement containing Gly on doping-relevant blood parameters. Nine trained males ingested a hyperhydrating mixture twice per day for 7 days containing 1.0 g·kg−1 body mass (BM) of Gly, 10.0 g of creatine and 75.0 g of glucose. Blood samples were collected and total hemoglobin (Hb) mass determined using the optimized carbon monoxide (CO) rebreathing method pre- and post-supplementation. BM and total body water (TBW) increased significantly following supplementation by 1.1 ± 1.2 and 1.0 ± 1.2 L (BM, P < 0.01; TBW, P <0.01), respectively. This hyperhydration did not significantly alter plasma volume or any of the doping-relevant blood parameters (e.g., hematocrit, Hb, reticulocytes and total Hb-mass) even when Gly was clearly detectable in urine samples. In conclusion, this study shows that supplementation with hyperhydrating solution containing Gly for 7 days does not significantly alter doping-relevant blood parameters.
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Edwards SH, Stribling SL, Pyatt SD, Kimberly MM. Reference Measurement Procedure for Total Glycerides by Isotope Dilution GC-MS. Clin Chem 2012; 58:768-76. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.177063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The CDC's Lipid Standardization Program established the chromotropic acid (CA) reference measurement procedure (RMP) as the accuracy base for standardization and metrological traceability for triglyceride testing. The CA RMP has several disadvantages, including lack of ruggedness. It uses obsolete instrumentation and hazardous reagents. To overcome these problems the CDC developed an isotope dilution GC-MS (ID-GC-MS) RMP for total glycerides in serum.
METHODS
We diluted serum samples with Tris-HCl buffer solution and spiked 200-μL aliquots with [13C3]-glycerol. These samples were incubated and hydrolyzed under basic conditions. The samples were dried, derivatized with acetic anhydride and pyridine, extracted with ethyl acetate, and analyzed by ID-GC-MS. Linearity, imprecision, and accuracy were evaluated by analyzing calibrator solutions, 10 serum pools, and a standard reference material (SRM 1951b).
RESULTS
The calibration response was linear for the range of calibrator concentrations examined (0–1.24 mmol/L) with a slope and intercept of 0.717 (95% CI, 0.7123–0.7225) and 0.3122 (95% CI, 0.3096–0.3140), respectively. The limit of detection was 14.8 μmol/L. The mean %CV for the sample set (serum pools and SRM) was 1.2%. The mean %bias from NIST isotope dilution MS values for SRM 1951b was 0.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
This ID-GC-MS RMP has the specificity and ruggedness to accurately quantify total glycerides in the serum pools used in the CDC's Lipid Standardization Program and demonstrates sufficiently acceptable agreement with the NIST primary RMP for total glyceride measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvin H Edwards
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Susan D Pyatt
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mary M Kimberly
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Atlanta, GA
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Girón AJ, Deventer K, Roels K, Van Eenoo P. Development and validation of an open screening method for diuretics, stimulants and selected compounds in human urine by UHPLC-HRMS for doping control. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 721:137-46. [PMID: 22405312 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new doping control screening method for the analysis of diuretics and stimulants using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry has been developed. The screening was performed in full scan MS with scan-to-scan polarity switching which allowed to detect more than 120 target analytes. Sample preparation was limited to 10-fold dilution of the urine into the internal standard solution followed by injection. Total run time per sample was 10 min. Validation of the method yielded detection limits for diuretics between 25 and 250 ng mL(-1) and for stimulants between 5 and 500 ng mL(-1). The screening method has been implemented in routine doping control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jiménez Girón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
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Koehler K, Braun H, Marees M, Geyer H, Thevis M, Mester J, Schaenzer W. Urinary excretion of exogenous glycerol administration at rest. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:877-82. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Plasma volume expanders comprise a heterogeneous group of substances used in medicine that are intravenously administered in cases of great blood loss owing to surgery or medical emergency. These substances, however, can also be used to artificially enhance performance of healthy athletes in sport activities, and to mask the presence of others substances. These practices are considered doping, and are therefore prohibited by the International Olympic Committee and the World Antidoping Agency. Consequently, drug testing procedures are essential. The present work provides an overview of plasma volume expanders, assembling pertinent data such as chemical characteristics, physiological aspects, adverse effects, doping and analytical detection methods, which are currently dispersed in the literature.
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Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Thevis M, Kuuranne T, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Annual banned-substance review: the Prohibited List 2008-analytical approaches in human sports drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2009; 1:4-13. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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